JP6297355B2 - Reverse input prevention clutch - Google Patents

Reverse input prevention clutch Download PDF

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JP6297355B2
JP6297355B2 JP2014029413A JP2014029413A JP6297355B2 JP 6297355 B2 JP6297355 B2 JP 6297355B2 JP 2014029413 A JP2014029413 A JP 2014029413A JP 2014029413 A JP2014029413 A JP 2014029413A JP 6297355 B2 JP6297355 B2 JP 6297355B2
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side member
input
input side
coil spring
output side
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JP2015152161A (en
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糸見　正二
正二 糸見
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NTN Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/064—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls
    • F16D41/066—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls all members having the same size and only one of the two surfaces being cylindrical
    • F16D41/067—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls all members having the same size and only one of the two surfaces being cylindrical and the members being distributed by a separate cage encircling the axis of rotation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Description

本発明は、入力トルクが加えられたときは入力側部材の回転を出力側部材に伝達し、逆入力トルクに対しては入力側部材が回転しないようにする逆入力防止クラッチに関する。   The present invention relates to a reverse input prevention clutch that transmits rotation of an input side member to an output side member when input torque is applied, and prevents the input side member from rotating with respect to reverse input torque.

逆入力防止クラッチは、入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられたときは、その回転を出力側部材に伝達し、出力側部材に逆入力トルクが加えられたときは、入力側部材が回転しないようにするものであり、そのうちには、逆入力トルクに対して出力側部材を空転させる方式（以下、この方式を「空転式」と称する。）のものがある。   The reverse input prevention clutch transmits its rotation to the output side member when input torque is applied to the input side member, and prevents the input side member from rotating when reverse input torque is applied to the output side member. Among them, there is a method of idling the output side member with respect to the reverse input torque (hereinafter, this method is referred to as “idling type”).

そして、このような空転式の逆入力防止クラッチとして、入力側部材と出力側部材とを同一軸心のまわりに回転するように配し、出力側部材の外周側に円筒面を形成し、入力側部材に出力側部材の円筒面と径方向で対向するカム面を周方向に複数設けて、円筒面と各カム面との間に周方向で次第に狭小となる楔形空間を形成し、これらの各楔形空間にころを配するとともに、入力側部材と出力側部材との間に、各ころを入力側部材および出力側部材と係脱自在に保持する保持器を配し、保持器と係合した状態で入力側部材と固定部材に挟持されるボールを組み込んだものがある（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。   As such an idling reverse input prevention clutch, the input side member and the output side member are arranged to rotate around the same axis, and a cylindrical surface is formed on the outer peripheral side of the output side member. The side member is provided with a plurality of cam surfaces radially facing the cylindrical surface of the output side member, and a wedge-shaped space gradually narrowing in the circumferential direction is formed between the cylindrical surface and each cam surface. Rollers are arranged in each wedge-shaped space, and a cage is provided between the input side member and the output side member so that the rollers can be detachably engaged with the input side member and the output side member. In some cases, a ball that is sandwiched between the input side member and the fixing member is incorporated (for example, see Patent Document 1).

上記の構成の逆入力防止クラッチでは、入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられると、入力側部材と固定部材に挟持されたボールが入力側部材の回転にともなって自転しながら公転し、このボールに押されて回転する保持器と入力側部材との間で回転位相差が生じ、保持器に保持されたころが楔形空間の狭小側へ相対移動して入力側部材および出力側部材と係合することにより、入力側部材の回転が出力側部材に伝達される。   In the reverse input prevention clutch configured as described above, when input torque is applied to the input side member, the ball held between the input side member and the fixed member revolves while rotating with the rotation of the input side member. A rotational phase difference occurs between the cage that is pushed and rotates and the input side member, and the rollers held by the cage move relative to the narrow side of the wedge-shaped space to engage the input side member and the output side member. Thus, the rotation of the input side member is transmitted to the output side member.

一方、出力側部材に逆入力トルクが加えられたときは、通常、ころが入力側部材および出力側部材と係合しないので、出力側部材が空転して出力側部材の回転は入力側部材に伝達されないと考えられる。しかし、入力側から出力側への回転伝達中に入力トルクの供給が停止したときは、ころが入力側部材のカム面および出力側部材の円筒面と接触した状態で停止することになる。このため、停止前の入力トルクと同じ方向に逆入力トルクが加えられた場合は、ころが出力側部材との摩擦力により楔形空間の広大側へ移動して出力側部材が空転するが、逆方向の逆入力トルクが加えられると、出力側部材の回転開始時にころが入力側部材および出力側部材と係合して、出力側部材が空転できず、入力側部材に回転が伝達されてしまうことがある。   On the other hand, when reverse input torque is applied to the output side member, the rollers do not normally engage with the input side member and the output side member, so that the output side member idles and rotation of the output side member is applied to the input side member. It is thought that it is not transmitted. However, when the supply of input torque is stopped during rotation transmission from the input side to the output side, the rollers stop in a state where the rollers are in contact with the cam surface of the input side member and the cylindrical surface of the output side member. For this reason, when reverse input torque is applied in the same direction as the input torque before stopping, the rollers move to the wide side of the wedge-shaped space due to frictional force with the output side member, and the output side member idles. When reverse input torque in the direction is applied, the rollers engage with the input side member and the output side member at the start of rotation of the output side member, the output side member cannot idle, and the rotation is transmitted to the input side member. Sometimes.

そこで、特許文献１で提案されている逆入力防止クラッチでは、上記の構成に加えて、逆入力トルクが加えられたときのころの入力側部材および出力側部材との係合を阻止するために、各ころを出力側部材の円筒面の一端からはみ出させるとともに、固定部材の一部を各ころのはみ出し部に出力側部材の側から径方向で対向させ、この固定部材のころ対向部と各ころのはみ出し部との間に、各ころが入力側部材および出力側部材と係合したときにそのころに押されて弾性変形する弾性部材（Ｏリング）を配して、出力側部材が逆入力トルクを受けて回転するときに、弾性部材がその弾性復元力によりころの楔形空間の狭小側への移動を規制するようにしている。   Therefore, in the reverse input prevention clutch proposed in Patent Document 1, in addition to the above configuration, in order to prevent the rollers from engaging the input side member and the output side member when reverse input torque is applied. In addition, each roller protrudes from one end of the cylindrical surface of the output side member, and a part of the fixing member is opposed to the protruding portion of each roller in the radial direction from the output side member side. An elastic member (O-ring) that is pushed by the roller and elastically deforms when each roller engages with the input side member and the output side member is arranged between the protruding portions of the rollers, and the output side member is reversed. When rotating by receiving input torque, the elastic member restricts the movement of the roller toward the narrow side of the wedge-shaped space by its elastic restoring force.

特開２０１０−１０６９５０号公報（図５）JP 2010-106950 A (FIG. 5)

しかしながら、上記特許文献１の逆入力防止クラッチでは、ころと固定部材との間に配される弾性部材として、適切な弾性のものを選定することが難しいという問題があった。すなわち、比較的弾性変形しやすい材質のものを採用した場合は、その弾性復元力が小さいために、逆入力トルクを加えられたときに、弾性部材がころの楔形空間での移動を十分に規制できず、出力側部材がスムーズに空転できなくなることがあるし、比較的弾性変形しにくい材質のものを採用した場合は、弾性部材がころを入力側部材および出力側部材と係合しにくくするために、入力側から出力側への回転伝達を開始する際に大きな入力トルクが必要になることがある。   However, the reverse input prevention clutch of Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it is difficult to select a suitable elastic member as the elastic member disposed between the roller and the fixed member. In other words, when a material that is relatively easy to elastically deform is used, its elastic restoring force is small, so that when the reverse input torque is applied, the elastic member sufficiently restricts the movement of the roller in the wedge-shaped space. The output side member may not be able to idle smoothly and the elastic member makes it difficult to engage the roller with the input side member and the output side member when a material that is relatively resistant to elastic deformation is used. Therefore, a large input torque may be required when starting rotation transmission from the input side to the output side.

そこで、本発明の課題は、空転式の逆入力防止クラッチにおいて、入力側から出力側への回転伝達をスムーズに開始することができ、かつ逆入力トルクが加えられたときに出力側部材が確実に空転するようにすることである。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to enable rotation transmission from the input side to the output side smoothly in the idling type reverse input prevention clutch, and to ensure that the output side member is secured when reverse input torque is applied. To idle.

上記の課題を解決するため、本発明は、入力側部材と出力側部材とを同一軸心のまわりに回転するように配し、前記出力側部材の外周側または内周側に円筒面を形成し、前記入力側部材に出力側部材の円筒面と径方向で対向するカム面を周方向に複数設けて、前記円筒面と各カム面との間に周方向で次第に狭小となる楔形空間を形成し、これらの各楔形空間にころを配するとともに、前記入力側部材と出力側部材との間に、前記各ころを入力側部材および出力側部材と係脱自在に保持する保持器を配し、前記保持器と係合した状態で入力側部材と固定部材に挟持されるボールを組み込んで、前記入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられたときには、入力側部材の回転にともなって前記ボールが自転しながら公転し、前記ボールに押されて回転する保持器と入力側部材との間で回転位相差が生じ、前記保持器に保持されたころが前記楔形空間の狭小側へ相対移動して入力側部材および出力側部材と係合することにより、入力側部材の回転が出力側部材に伝達され、前記出力側部材に逆入力トルクが加えられたときは、出力側部材が空転して出力側部材の回転が入力側部材に伝達されないようにした逆入力防止クラッチにおいて、前記入力側部材を前記ボールに押し付ける方向に付勢するコイルばねを、その一端部が前記入力側部材と固定部材のうちのいずれか一方と摺動する状態で組み込み、前記入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられている間は前記コイルばねが周方向にねじれ、前記入力トルクの供給が停止したときに、前記コイルばねの弾性復元により前記入力側部材が入力トルクと逆の方向に回転し、前記ころが前記楔形空間の広大側へ相対移動して、前記ころと入力側部材および出力側部材との係合状態が解除されるようにした。   In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an input side member and an output side member so as to rotate around the same axis, and forms a cylindrical surface on the outer peripheral side or inner peripheral side of the output side member. A plurality of cam surfaces radially facing the cylindrical surface of the output side member on the input side member, and a wedge-shaped space gradually narrowing in the circumferential direction between the cylindrical surface and each cam surface. The rollers are formed in each wedge-shaped space, and a cage is provided between the input side member and the output side member so that the rollers are detachably held with respect to the input side member and the output side member. When a ball that is sandwiched between the input side member and the fixing member in a state of being engaged with the cage is incorporated, and the input torque is applied to the input side member, the ball is moved along with the rotation of the input side member. Revolves while rotating and is pushed and rotated by the ball A rotational phase difference occurs between the cage and the input side member, and the rollers held by the cage move relatively to the narrow side of the wedge-shaped space and engage with the input side member and the output side member, When the rotation of the input side member is transmitted to the output side member and reverse input torque is applied to the output side member, the output side member is idled so that the rotation of the output side member is not transmitted to the input side member. In the reverse input prevention clutch, a coil spring that urges the input side member in a direction to press the ball is incorporated in a state where one end of the coil spring slides with either the input side member or the fixing member. While the input torque is being applied to the input side member, the coil spring is twisted in the circumferential direction, and when the supply of the input torque is stopped, the input side member is opposite to the input torque due to elastic recovery of the coil spring. Rotates in the direction, the roller is moved relative to the vast side of the wedge-shaped space, the engagement state between the input-side member and the output-side member and the roller has to be released.

上記の構成によれば、入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられたときに、コイルばねで入力側部材を介して固定部材に押し付けられているボールが、確実に入力側部材および固定部材と接触しながら転動して保持器に入力側部材との回転位相差を与えることができ、それによって保持器に保持されたころが楔形空間の狭小側へ相対移動して入力側部材および出力側部材と係合するようになっているので、入力側から出力側への回転伝達をスムーズに開始することができる。   According to the above configuration, when an input torque is applied to the input side member, the ball pressed against the fixed member by the coil spring via the input side member reliably contacts the input side member and the fixed member. While rolling, the cage can be given a rotational phase difference with the input side member, so that the rollers held by the cage move relative to the narrow side of the wedge-shaped space, and the input side member and the output side member Since they are engaged, rotation transmission from the input side to the output side can be started smoothly.

また、入力トルクの供給が停止したときには、入力トルクが加えられている間は周方向にねじれていたコイルばねが弾性復元することにより、入力側部材が入力トルクと逆の方向に回転し、ころと入力側部材および出力側部材との係合状態が解除されるので、その後に停止前の入力トルクと逆方向の逆入力トルクが出力側部材に加えられても、出力側部材を確実に空転させることができる。   When the supply of input torque is stopped, the coil spring that has been twisted in the circumferential direction while the input torque is being applied is elastically restored, so that the input side member rotates in the direction opposite to the input torque, Since the engagement state between the input side member and the output side member is released, even if a reverse input torque in the opposite direction to the input torque before the stop is applied to the output side member after that, the output side member is reliably idled. Can be made.

上記の構成において、前記コイルばねの他端部を、前記入力側部材と固定部材のうちでコイルばねの一端部と摺動しない方に固定すれば、回転伝達中のコイルばねのねじり角が大きくなるので、入力トルクの供給が停止したときに、入力側部材を逆転させるコイルばねの弾性復元力も大きくなり、ころと入力側部材および出力側部材との係合状態をより確実に解除できるようになる。ここで、前記コイルばねを、その一端側（摺動側）が大径となり、他端側（固定側）が小径となる円すい形状とすれば、回転伝達中のコイルばねのねじり角がさらに大きくなり、入力トルク供給停止時の係合状態の解除が一層確実に行えるようになる。 In the above configuration, if the other end of the coil spring is fixed to one of the input side member and the fixing member that does not slide with the one end of the coil spring, the torsion angle of the coil spring during rotation transmission is increased. Therefore, when the supply of input torque is stopped, the elastic restoring force of the coil spring that reversely rotates the input side member is also increased, so that the engagement state between the roller and the input side member and the output side member can be more reliably released. Become. Here, if the coil spring has a conical shape in which one end side (sliding side) has a large diameter and the other end side (fixed side) has a small diameter, the torsion angle of the coil spring during rotation transmission is further increased. Thus, the engagement state when the input torque supply is stopped can be more reliably released.

また、前記入力側部材は、前記入力トルクを受ける入力部と、前記コイルばねで付勢されて前記ボールに押し付けられる押付部とを、一体回転可能かつ軸方向相対移動可能に連結したものとすることが望ましい。このようにすれば、入力側部材が入力部の軸方向移動を拘束された状態で組み込まれていても、押付部が入力部に対して相対的に軸方向移動してボールに押し付けられるので、ボールと押付部および固定部材との間の滑りを確実に防止でき、回転伝達開始時の動作を安定させることができる。   Further, the input side member has an input part that receives the input torque and a pressing part that is urged by the coil spring and pressed against the ball so as to be integrally rotatable and axially movable relative to each other. It is desirable. In this way, even if the input side member is incorporated in a state where the axial movement of the input unit is constrained, the pressing unit moves axially relative to the input unit and is pressed against the ball. Slip between the ball and the pressing portion and the fixing member can be reliably prevented, and the operation at the start of rotation transmission can be stabilized.

本発明の逆入力防止クラッチは、上述したように、入力側部材と出力側部材との間でころを保持する保持器と、保持器と係合した状態で入力側部材と固定部材に挟持されるボールと、一端部が入力側部材と固定部材のうちのいずれか一方と摺動する状態で、入力側部材を介してボールを固定部材に押し付けるコイルばねとを組み込んだものであるから、入力トルクが加えられたときには、確実にころが入力側部材および出力側部材と係合して、入力側から出力側への回転伝達をスムーズに開始でき、入力トルクの供給が停止したときには、回転伝達中に周方向にねじれていたコイルばねの弾性復元により、入力側部材が入力トルクと逆の方向に回転してころの係合状態が解除され、停止前の入力トルクと逆方向の逆入力トルクが加えられても、出力側部材を確実に空転させることができる。   As described above, the reverse input prevention clutch of the present invention is held between the input side member and the fixing member in a state where the roller is held between the input side member and the output side member and the cage is engaged with the cage. And a coil spring that presses the ball against the fixed member via the input side member with one end sliding with either the input side member or the fixed member. When torque is applied, the rollers reliably engage with the input side member and the output side member, and rotation transmission from the input side to the output side can be started smoothly. When supply of input torque stops, rotation transmission Due to the elastic recovery of the coil spring that has been twisted in the circumferential direction, the input side member rotates in the direction opposite to the input torque and the roller engagement state is released, and the reverse input torque in the direction opposite to the input torque before stopping. Is added An output-side member can be reliably idle.

第１実施形態の逆入力防止クラッチの縦断正面図Longitudinal front view of the reverse input prevention clutch of the first embodiment 図１のII−II線に沿った断面図Sectional view along the line II-II in FIG. 図１のIII−III線に沿った拡大断面図Expanded sectional view along line III-III in FIG. ａ、ｂは、それぞれ図１の逆入力防止クラッチの動作の説明図a and b are explanatory diagrams of the operation of the reverse input preventing clutch of FIG. 第２実施形態の逆入力防止クラッチの縦断正面図Longitudinal front view of the reverse input preventing clutch of the second embodiment 図５のVI−VI線に沿った断面図Sectional view along line VI-VI in FIG.

以下、図面に基づき、本発明の実施形態を説明する。図１乃至図４は第１の実施形態を示す。この逆入力防止クラッチは、図１および図２に示すように、入力軸１と外輪２とが一体形成された入力側部材３と、出力側部材としての出力軸４と、円筒部５ａ外周に板状取付部５ｂが一体成形されたハウジング５とその出力側に嵌め込まれる押え蓋６とからなる固定部材７と、外輪２と出力軸４との間に配される複数のころ８と、各ころ８を保持する保持器９と、保持器９と係合した状態で外輪２と押え蓋６に挟持されるボール１０と、外輪２をボール１０に押し付ける方向に付勢するコイルばね１１とで構成されている。その入力軸１はハウジング５の入力側に形成された蓋部５ｃの内周面で回転自在に支持されており、出力軸４は押え蓋６の内周面で回転自在に支持されている。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4 show a first embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the reverse input preventing clutch includes an input side member 3 in which an input shaft 1 and an outer ring 2 are integrally formed, an output shaft 4 as an output side member, and an outer periphery of a cylindrical portion 5a. A fixing member 7 composed of a housing 5 integrally formed with a plate-like mounting portion 5b and a presser lid 6 fitted on the output side thereof, a plurality of rollers 8 disposed between the outer ring 2 and the output shaft 4, A cage 9 that holds the rollers 8, a ball 10 that is held between the outer ring 2 and the presser lid 6 while being engaged with the cage 9, and a coil spring 11 that biases the outer ring 2 in a direction to press the ball 10. It is configured. The input shaft 1 is rotatably supported by the inner peripheral surface of a lid portion 5 c formed on the input side of the housing 5, and the output shaft 4 is rotatably supported by the inner peripheral surface of the presser lid 6.

前記入力側部材３は、入力軸１のハウジング蓋部５ｃからの突出部の外周に伝達歯車Ｇが嵌め込まれており、図示省略したモータからこの伝達歯車Ｇを介して入力トルクを受けるようになっている。ここで、入力軸１と伝達歯車Ｇとの嵌合はキーとキー溝によるものであり、伝達歯車Ｇは軸方向移動を拘束されているが、入力側部材３は軸方向移動可能となっている。また、この入力側部材３の中心に形成された穴の大径部分には出力軸４の先端部が回転自在に嵌め込まれ、入力側部材３と出力軸４とが同一軸心のまわりに回転するようになっている。   The input side member 3 is fitted with a transmission gear G on the outer periphery of the protruding portion of the input shaft 1 from the housing lid portion 5c, and receives input torque from the motor (not shown) via the transmission gear G. ing. Here, the fitting between the input shaft 1 and the transmission gear G is by a key and a key groove, and the transmission gear G is restrained from moving in the axial direction, but the input side member 3 is movable in the axial direction. Yes. Further, the tip end portion of the output shaft 4 is rotatably fitted in the large diameter portion of the hole formed at the center of the input side member 3, and the input side member 3 and the output shaft 4 rotate around the same axis. It is supposed to be.

また、図３にも示すように、出力軸４の外周円筒面と径方向で対向する外輪２内周面には、互いに逆向きに傾斜するカム面２ｂ、２ｃが周方向に交互に設けられ、出力軸４円筒面とこれらのカム面２ｂ、２ｃとの間に周方向両側で次第に狭小となる楔形空間が複数形成されている。そして、外輪２と出力軸４の間で保持器９に保持されたころ８が楔形空間の中央部にあるときには、ころ８が外輪２および出力軸４から離脱した状態で保持されるようになっている。   As shown in FIG. 3, cam surfaces 2 b and 2 c that are inclined in opposite directions are alternately provided in the circumferential direction on the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 2 that faces the outer circumferential cylindrical surface of the output shaft 4 in the radial direction. A plurality of wedge-shaped spaces gradually narrowing on both sides in the circumferential direction are formed between the cylindrical surface of the output shaft 4 and the cam surfaces 2b and 2c. When the roller 8 held by the cage 9 between the outer ring 2 and the output shaft 4 is in the center of the wedge-shaped space, the roller 8 is held in a state of being detached from the outer ring 2 and the output shaft 4. ing.

前記保持器９は、環状部９ａと、環状部９ａ内側面に立設されて外輪２と出力軸４との間に挿入される柱部９ｂとからなり、各柱部９ｂ間に形成されたポケットにころ８を一つずつ収容するようになっている。その環状部９ａには、柱部９ｂと重ならない位置に円形の切欠き９ｃが複数形成されており、これらの各切欠き９ｃにボール１０が転動自在に嵌め込まれることにより、ボール１０と保持器９とが周方向に係合している。   The cage 9 is composed of an annular portion 9a and a column portion 9b that is erected on the inner surface of the annular portion 9a and is inserted between the outer ring 2 and the output shaft 4, and is formed between the respective column portions 9b. The rollers 8 are accommodated one by one in the pocket. A plurality of circular notches 9c are formed in the annular portion 9a so as not to overlap the column portion 9b, and the balls 10 are held in the respective notches 9c so as to be able to roll to be held together. The container 9 is engaged in the circumferential direction.

前記コイルばね１１は、その一端部が外輪２と摺動し、他端部がハウジング５の蓋部５ｃに固定され、中心に入力軸１の大径部を通す状態で組み込まれている。なお、コイルばね１１の向きを逆にして、一端部をハウジング蓋部５ｃと摺動させ、他端部を外輪２に固定するようにしてもよい。また、コイルばね１１の両端部を、それぞれ外輪２およびハウジング蓋部５ｃと摺動させるようにしてもよい。   One end of the coil spring 11 slides with the outer ring 2, the other end is fixed to the lid portion 5 c of the housing 5, and the coil spring 11 is incorporated so that the large diameter portion of the input shaft 1 passes through the center. Note that the direction of the coil spring 11 may be reversed so that one end is slid with the housing lid 5 c and the other end is fixed to the outer ring 2. Moreover, you may make it the both ends of the coil spring 11 slide with the outer ring | wheel 2 and the housing cover part 5c, respectively.

次に、この逆入力防止クラッチの動作について説明する。図４（ａ）は、入力側部材３に図面上で右回りの入力トルクが加えられたときの状態を示す。入力側部材３が入力トルクを加えられて回転すると、入力側部材３の外輪２と固定部材７の押え蓋６とに挟持されるボール１０が自転しながら公転し、このボール１０に押されて保持器９が回転する。このとき、保持器９と外輪２との間では回転位相差が生じる（保持器９の回転速度が外輪２よりも遅い）ため、保持器９に保持されたころ８が楔形空間の狭小側へ相対移動して外輪２および出力軸４と係合する。これにより、入力側部材３の回転がころ８を介して出力軸４に伝達される。左回りの入力トルクが加えられたときも、同様にして入力側から出力側への回転伝達が行われる。   Next, the operation of the reverse input prevention clutch will be described. FIG. 4A shows a state when a clockwise input torque is applied to the input side member 3 in the drawing. When the input side member 3 is rotated by applying input torque, the ball 10 held between the outer ring 2 of the input side member 3 and the presser lid 6 of the fixing member 7 revolves while rotating and is pushed by the ball 10. The cage 9 rotates. At this time, a rotational phase difference is generated between the retainer 9 and the outer ring 2 (the rotational speed of the retainer 9 is slower than that of the outer ring 2), so that the roller 8 retained by the retainer 9 moves toward the narrow side of the wedge-shaped space. Relative movement causes engagement with the outer ring 2 and the output shaft 4. Thereby, the rotation of the input side member 3 is transmitted to the output shaft 4 via the rollers 8. When a counterclockwise input torque is applied, rotation transmission from the input side to the output side is performed in the same manner.

ここで、入力側部材３は全体が軸方向移動可能となっているので、その外輪２はコイルばね１１によってボール１０に押し付けられ、ボール１０が押え蓋６に押し付けられている。このため、ボール１０は確実に外輪２および押え蓋６と接触しながら転動して保持器９に外輪２との回転位相差を与え、ころ８を外輪２および出力軸４と係合させることができる。これにより、入力側から出力側への回転伝達がスムーズに開始されるようになっている。   Here, since the entire input side member 3 is movable in the axial direction, the outer ring 2 is pressed against the ball 10 by the coil spring 11, and the ball 10 is pressed against the presser lid 6. For this reason, the ball 10 reliably rolls while being in contact with the outer ring 2 and the presser lid 6 to give the cage 9 a rotational phase difference from the outer ring 2, and engage the roller 8 with the outer ring 2 and the output shaft 4. Can do. Thereby, the rotation transmission from the input side to the output side is started smoothly.

上記のように入力側から出力側へ回転が伝達されている間、他端部がハウジング５の蓋部５ｃに固定されたコイルばね１１は、その一端部と外輪２との摩擦により周方向にねじれた状態となる。そして、入力トルクの供給が停止されたときには、入力トルクが加えられている間（回転伝達中）に周方向にねじれていたコイルばね１１が弾性復元することにより、図４（ｂ）に示すように、入力側部材３が入力トルクと逆の方向に回転する。このとき、外輪２の回転にともなうボール１０の公転により保持器９もわずかに逆回転するが、保持器９と外輪２との回転位相差により、保持器９に保持されたころ８が楔形空間の広大側へ相対移動して、ころ８と外輪２および出力軸４との係合状態が解除される（図３に示した状態に戻る）。   While the rotation is transmitted from the input side to the output side as described above, the coil spring 11 having the other end fixed to the lid 5c of the housing 5 is circumferentially caused by friction between the one end and the outer ring 2. It will be in a twisted state. When the supply of the input torque is stopped, the coil spring 11 that has been twisted in the circumferential direction is elastically restored while the input torque is being applied (during rotation transmission), as shown in FIG. In addition, the input side member 3 rotates in the direction opposite to the input torque. At this time, the cage 9 also rotates in the slightly reverse direction due to the revolution of the ball 10 accompanying the rotation of the outer ring 2, but the roller 8 held by the cage 9 becomes wedge-shaped space due to the rotational phase difference between the cage 9 and the outer ring 2. The roller 8 and the outer ring 2 and the output shaft 4 are disengaged (return to the state shown in FIG. 3).

したがって、その後に出力軸４に逆入力トルクが加えられたときには、その方向が停止前の入力トルクと逆方向であっても、出力軸４が確実に空転して、入力側部材３には回転が伝達されない。同様に、逆入力トルクの方向が停止前の入力トルクと同じ場合も、入力側には回転が伝達されない。   Therefore, when a reverse input torque is subsequently applied to the output shaft 4, the output shaft 4 reliably idles and rotates on the input side member 3 even if the direction is the reverse direction to the input torque before stopping. Is not transmitted. Similarly, even when the direction of the reverse input torque is the same as the input torque before stopping, rotation is not transmitted to the input side.

図５および図６は第２の実施形態を示す。この実施形態では、第１実施形態と異なり、入力軸１がカップリングＣによりモータＭの主軸と結合され、軸方向移動を拘束されている。そこで、入力側部材３の入力軸１と外輪２とを別体に形成し、入力軸１の内端に形成した複数の切欠き１ａと、これに対応するように外輪２内周側に形成した複数の突部２ａの位置を合わせて、入力軸１を外輪２に嵌め込んでいる。すなわち、入力側部材３は、入力トルクを受ける入力軸１（入力部）と、コイルばね１２で付勢されてボール１０に押し付けられる外輪２（押付部）とを、一体回転可能かつ軸方向相対移動可能に連結したものとなっている。   5 and 6 show a second embodiment. In this embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the input shaft 1 is coupled to the main shaft of the motor M by the coupling C and is restrained from moving in the axial direction. Therefore, the input shaft 1 and the outer ring 2 of the input side member 3 are formed separately, and a plurality of notches 1a formed at the inner end of the input shaft 1 are formed on the inner peripheral side of the outer ring 2 so as to correspond thereto. The input shaft 1 is fitted into the outer ring 2 by aligning the positions of the plurality of protrusions 2a. That is, the input side member 3 can rotate integrally with an input shaft 1 (input portion) that receives input torque and an outer ring 2 (pressing portion) that is urged by the coil spring 12 and pressed against the ball 10 and is axially relative to each other. It is connected in a movable manner.

これにより、入力軸１が軸方向移動を拘束された状態で組み込まれていても、外輪２がコイルばね１２によって入力軸１に対して相対的に軸方向移動してボール１０に押し付けられるので、第１実施形態と同様、ボール１０と外輪２および押え蓋６との間の滑りを確実に防止でき、回転伝達開始時の動作を安定させることができる。   Thereby, even if the input shaft 1 is incorporated in a state in which the axial movement is constrained, the outer ring 2 is axially moved relative to the input shaft 1 by the coil spring 12 and pressed against the ball 10. As in the first embodiment, slipping between the ball 10 and the outer ring 2 and the presser lid 6 can be reliably prevented, and the operation at the start of rotation transmission can be stabilized.

また、この第２実施形態では、第１実施形態のコイルばね１１を円すい形状のコイルばね１２に代え、その大径側端部（一端部）をハウジング５の蓋部５ｃと摺動させ、小径側端部（他端部）を外輪２に固定している。これにより、第１実施形態に比べて、コイルばね１２の回転伝達中のねじり角が大きくなるので、入力トルクの供給が停止したときに、入力側部材３を逆転させるコイルばね１２の弾性復元力も大きくなり、ころ８と外輪２および出力軸４との係合状態をより確実に解除することができる。   In the second embodiment, the coil spring 11 of the first embodiment is replaced with a conical coil spring 12, and its large-diameter side end (one end) is slid with the lid 5c of the housing 5 to reduce the small diameter. A side end (the other end) is fixed to the outer ring 2. As a result, the torsional angle during rotation transmission of the coil spring 12 is larger than in the first embodiment, so that the elastic restoring force of the coil spring 12 that reversely rotates the input side member 3 when the input torque supply is stopped. The engagement state between the roller 8 and the outer ring 2 and the output shaft 4 can be released more reliably.

１ 入力軸
２ 外輪
２ｂ、２ｃ カム面
３ 入力側部材
４ 出力軸（出力側部材）
５ ハウジング
６ 押え蓋
７ 固定部材
８ ころ
９ 保持器
１０ ボール
１１、１２ コイルばね DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input shaft 2 Outer ring 2b, 2c Cam surface 3 Input side member 4 Output shaft (output side member)
5 Housing 6 Presser lid 7 Fixing member 8 Roller 9 Cage 10 Balls 11 and 12 Coil spring

Claims (4)

入力側部材と出力側部材とを同一軸心のまわりに回転するように配し、前記出力側部材の外周側または内周側に円筒面を形成し、前記入力側部材に出力側部材の円筒面と径方向で対向するカム面を周方向に複数設けて、前記円筒面と各カム面との間に周方向で次第に狭小となる楔形空間を形成し、これらの各楔形空間にころを配するとともに、前記入力側部材と出力側部材との間に、前記各ころを入力側部材および出力側部材と係脱自在に保持する保持器を配し、前記保持器と係合した状態で入力側部材と固定部材に挟持されるボールを組み込んで、
前記入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられたときには、入力側部材の回転にともなって前記ボールが自転しながら公転し、前記ボールに押されて回転する保持器と入力側部材との間で回転位相差が生じ、前記保持器に保持されたころが前記楔形空間の狭小側へ相対移動して入力側部材および出力側部材と係合することにより、入力側部材の回転が出力側部材に伝達され、前記出力側部材に逆入力トルクが加えられたときは、出力側部材が空転して出力側部材の回転が入力側部材に伝達されないようにした逆入力防止クラッチにおいて、
前記入力側部材を前記ボールに押し付ける方向に付勢するコイルばねを、その一端部が前記入力側部材と固定部材のうちのいずれか一方と摺動する状態で組み込み、
前記入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられている間は前記コイルばねが周方向にねじれ、前記入力トルクの供給が停止したときに、前記コイルばねの弾性復元により前記入力側部材が入力トルクと逆の方向に回転し、前記ころが前記楔形空間の広大側へ相対移動して、前記ころと入力側部材および出力側部材との係合状態が解除されるようにしたことを特徴とする逆入力防止クラッチ。 The input side member and the output side member are arranged to rotate about the same axis, a cylindrical surface is formed on the outer peripheral side or inner peripheral side of the output side member, and the cylinder of the output side member is formed on the input side member A plurality of cam surfaces that are radially opposed to the surface are provided in the circumferential direction to form wedge-shaped spaces that are gradually narrowed in the circumferential direction between the cylindrical surface and the respective cam surfaces, and rollers are arranged in each of these wedge-shaped spaces. In addition, a cage is provided between the input side member and the output side member to hold the rollers detachably with the input side member and the output side member. Incorporating a ball held between the side member and the fixing member,
When an input torque is applied to the input side member, the ball revolves while rotating as the input side member rotates, and the rotational position between the cage and the input side member rotated by being pushed by the ball is rotated. A phase difference occurs, and the rollers held by the cage move relative to the narrow side of the wedge-shaped space and engage with the input side member and the output side member, whereby the rotation of the input side member is transmitted to the output side member. In the reverse input prevention clutch, when the reverse input torque is applied to the output side member, the output side member idles so that the rotation of the output side member is not transmitted to the input side member.
A coil spring that urges the input side member in the direction of pressing the ball is incorporated in a state where one end of the coil spring slides with either the input side member or the fixing member.
While the input torque is being applied to the input side member, the coil spring is twisted in the circumferential direction, and when the supply of the input torque is stopped, the input side member is opposite to the input torque by elastic recovery of the coil spring. The reverse input is characterized in that the roller is relatively moved toward the wide side of the wedge-shaped space, and the engagement state between the roller and the input side member and the output side member is released. Prevent clutch. 前記コイルばねの他端部を、前記入力側部材と固定部材のうちでコイルばねの一端部と摺動しない方に固定したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の逆入力防止クラッチ。 The reverse input prevention clutch according to claim 1, wherein the other end portion of the coil spring is fixed to one of the input side member and the fixing member so as not to slide with the one end portion of the coil spring. 前記コイルばねを、その一端側が大径となり、他端側が小径となる円すい形状としたことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の逆入力防止クラッチ。   The reverse input prevention clutch according to claim 2, wherein the coil spring has a conical shape having a large diameter at one end and a small diameter at the other end. 前記入力側部材が、前記入力トルクを受ける入力部と、前記コイルばねで付勢されて前記ボールに押し付けられる押付部とを、一体回転可能かつ軸方向相対移動可能に連結したものであることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載の逆入力防止クラッチ。   The input side member is an input part that receives the input torque and a pressing part that is urged by the coil spring and pressed against the ball so as to be integrally rotatable and axially movable relative to each other. The reverse input prevention clutch according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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