JP6231091B2 - パタチンを使用する方法 - Google Patents
パタチンを使用する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6231091B2 JP6231091B2 JP2015520091A JP2015520091A JP6231091B2 JP 6231091 B2 JP6231091 B2 JP 6231091B2 JP 2015520091 A JP2015520091 A JP 2015520091A JP 2015520091 A JP2015520091 A JP 2015520091A JP 6231091 B2 JP6231091 B2 JP 6231091B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- patatin
- cheese
- fatty acids
- milk
- curd
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
- A23C19/09—Other cheese preparations; Mixtures of cheese with other foodstuffs
- A23C19/0921—Addition, to cheese or curd, of minerals, including organic salts thereof, trace elements, amino acids, peptides, protein hydrolysates, nucleic acids, yeast extracts or autolysate, vitamins or derivatives of these compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/02—Making cheese curd
- A23C19/04—Making cheese curd characterised by the use of specific enzymes of vegetable or animal origin
- A23C19/043—Enzymes other than proteolytic enzymes or milk clotting enzymes, e.g. lipase, lysosyme
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/02—Making cheese curd
- A23C19/05—Treating milk before coagulation; Separating whey from curd
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
- A23C19/063—Addition of, or treatment with, enzymes or cell-free extracts of microorganisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/02—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with glycerol
-
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Description
食品の生産では、脂質および他のエステルの分解が、風味、構造、食感、または純度にとって重要である。この工程は加水分解と呼ばれ、遊離脂肪酸を生じるが、数ある中でも遊離脂肪酸は、風味、すなわち味と匂いの組み合わせの重要な一因である。特に、乳脂肪中に比較的大量に存在する短鎖脂肪酸および中鎖脂肪酸は、食物の風味に強く寄与する。
[本発明1001]
トリグリセリドを水の存在下でパタチンに供する段階を含む、少なくとも1つのC 4 〜C 8 脂肪酸を含むトリグリセリドから脂肪酸を加水分解するための方法であって、パタチンがC 4 〜C 8 脂肪酸を加水分解する、方法。
[本発明1002]
加水分解が乳濁液中またはコロイド分散体中で起こる、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
パタチンが天然型である、本発明1001または1002の方法。
[本発明1004]
乳濁液またはコロイド分散体が乳脂肪を含む、本発明1001〜1003のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1005]
乳濁液またはコロイド分散体が乳を含む、本発明1004の方法。
[本発明1006]
乳濁液またはコロイド分散体がカードである、本発明1004の方法。
[本発明1007]
前記カードがチーズの製造において用いられる、本発明1006の方法。
[本発明1008]
パタチンが、50〜80℃の間の温度まで加熱することによってその後不活化される、本発明1001〜1007のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1009]
トリグリセリドが、9.2以下、または好ましくは6.3未満の水・オクタノール分配係数を有する、本発明1001〜1008のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1010]
加水分解が食品の風味の増強をもたらす、本発明1005または1006の方法。
[本発明1011]
前記食品がチーズである、本発明1010の方法。
[本発明1012]
前記チーズが、イタリアタイプのチーズ、ブルーチーズ、または酵素処理チーズ(enzyme-modified cheese)である、本発明1011の方法。
[本発明1013]
乳を凝固させてカードを得る段階、
該カードを脱水する段階、および
フレッシュチーズを形成し、任意でその後熟成させる段階
を含む、チーズを製造する方法であって、本発明1001〜1012のいずれかに従って、C 4 〜C 8 脂肪酸を加水分解するためにパタチンを該乳または該カードに添加する、方法。
本発明の範囲に関して、パタチンは、天然ジャガイモタンパク質単離物の高分子量(HMW)画分で、ジャガイモタンパク質の約40〜50 wt.%を構成する、30 kDaまたはそれ以上、好ましくは35 kDaまたはそれ以上、および最も好ましくは約43 kDaの分子量、ならびに5.8未満、好ましくは4.8〜5.5の間の等電点を有する糖タンパク質の高度に相同的なファミリーを意味すると理解される。パタチンは、アシルヒドロラーゼ反応性を示す糖タンパク質のファミリーであり、ジャガイモ塊茎中の全可溶性タンパク質の40 wt %までを占める。出願WO2008/069650において、ジャガイモ果汁(PFJ)またはジャガイモ果実水(PFW)からのパタチンの単離の入念な説明が記載されており、これは参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
・溶液
・コロイド分散体
・乳濁液
・懸濁液
・乳を凝固させてカードを得る段階、
・該カードを脱水する段階、および
・フレッシュチーズを形成し、任意でその後熟成させる段階
を含み、ここで、上記のように、少なくとも1つのC4〜C8脂肪酸を加水分解するために、パタチンを乳またはカードに添加する。
実験室のホットプレート上で、1 Lの全乳を2 Lビーカー中で加熱した。沸騰したところで発熱体のスイッチを切り、カードが形成されるまで、撹拌下で30%溶液の酢酸を添加した。水切りボウル中でチーズ布を用いてカードを収集し、冷ました。カードを2つの画分に分割した。パタチン(Solanic 206P)の10% w:v溶液 10 mLを、一方の画分にゆっくりと注ぎ入れ、脱塩水10 mLを、未処理の対照となる他方の画分に注ぎ入れた。軽く押して、カードから残りの乳清を除去した。5分以内に、パタチン処理したカード塊は強力なチーズの匂いを発したのに対して、未処理の対照は煮沸乳の匂いを保持した。
レンネットはSigmaAldrichから購入した(R5876)。全乳の500 mL分割量に0.1 mg/L〜1.0 g/Lの間の濃度のパタチンを補充し、10 mg/Lレンネットの作用により35℃で90分間凝固させた。パタチン(「HMW」)を添加せずに、参照凝固乳を同様に調製した。凝固物をチーズ布で濾し、押すことにより、カード画分を回収した。得られた物質を、90 g/L塩化ナトリウム溶液中に1時間完全に浸水させて塩漬けし、周囲温度で3日間熟成させた。常駐研究室職員から構成される9名の試験パネルに、それぞれのチーズの匂いが、パタチンを含まない参照チーズの匂いと著しく異なるかどうかを確信をもって示すように依頼した。3日後、1 mg/Lまたはそれ以上のパタチンを含むチーズは、参照チーズとは著しく異なる匂いを有した(結果のグラフについては、図1を参照されたい)。
パタチン標識
Solanic HMWジャガイモタンパク質単離物を、本質的に純粋なパタチン調製物として使用した。クマシーブリリアントブルーはMerckによるものである(G-250 1.15444、R-250 1.12553)。PD10ゲル濾過カラムはGE Healthcareによるものである。レンネットはSigmaAldrichから購入した(R5876)。
乳の5 mL分割量に、20 mg/L〜2.0 g/Lの間の異なる量の標識パタチンを補充した。必要に応じて脱塩水を添加して、全量を一定に保持した。得られた混合物および対照としての未処理の乳を、10 mg/Lのレンネットを添加し、35℃で90分間インキュベートすることにより凝固させた。得られた物質を、9000 gで10分間遠心分離してカードと乳清に分離した。次に乳清をマイクロバイアルに移し、15000 gで10分間にわたり再度遠心分離して、わずかに不透明な溶液を得た。
公知のリパーゼ基質は、SigmaAldrichから購入した(カプリル酸4-ニトロフェニル、21742)。乳の5 mL分割量に、50 mg/L〜500 mg/Lの間の異なる量のパタチンを補充した。必要に応じて脱塩水を添加して、全量を一定に保持した。得られた混合物および対照としての未処理の乳を、10 mg/Lのレンネットを添加し、35℃で90分間インキュベートすることにより凝固させた。得られた物質を、9000 gで10分間遠心分離してカードと乳清に分離した。次に乳清をマイクロバイアルに移し、15000 gで10分間にわたり再度遠心分離して、わずかに不透明な溶液を得た。これを脱塩水で10000倍希釈した。カード画分をpH 7.5の100 mMクエン酸緩衝液中に再懸濁し、同様に希釈した。元の乳溶液の分割量も同程度まで希釈した。これらの希釈物100μLを、96ウェルプレート中の、2 mMカプリル酸4-ニトロフェニルを含む30 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0溶液100μLに曝露し、BioRad Model 608プレートリーダーを用いて、周囲温度にて5分間にわたり10秒間隔で405 nmの吸光度について解析した(図3)。乳清中のパタチンの活性は、添加したパタチン活性よりもはるかに低く、パタチンが乳凝固時に主にカード中に分画されることが示される。
乳清中の残存リパーゼ活性は、残存乳脂肪の分解を引き起こし得るため、望ましくないと考えられる。これは、乳清中に揮発性の臭いのある遊離脂肪酸の存在をもたらし、時間と共に味を変える。加えて、乳清から調製された製品は脂肪分解活性を含み、潜在的にそれらの用途を限定する。
テルミゼ(thermised)および遠心除菌により規格化しかつ低温殺菌したチーズ乳を用いて、通常のチーズ製造としてバット1杯のカード(200 L)を調製した。ゴーダタイプのチーズ用の加工プロトコールに従った。レンネット(Kalase、CSK Food Enrichment、Leeuwarden, The Netherlands)およびスターター(Bos中温性スターター、CSK Food Enrichment、Leeuwarden, The Netherlands)をバットに添加した。カードを洗浄した後、これを10個に分割して、異なる量のパタチン(Solanic 206P)を完全に混合した。これらの量は、30〜0.1 mgパタチン/Lチーズ乳の範囲であった。カードを予め押して、4等分し、それぞれをチーズバットに入れた。得られたチーズ(各約350 g)を押し、塩漬けし、真空包装し、13℃で6週間または13週間熟成させた。
生産時から2年間を網羅するHMWジャガイモタンパク質粉末試料(Solanic 206P;パタチン)を、100 mM pH 8.0リン酸緩衝液中に2%濃度で溶解した。遠心分離により固形物を除去し、上清を、3 mg/mLドデシル硫酸ナトリウムの存在下で4 mMカプリル酸パラニトロフェニル(SigmaAldrich 21742)に対するリパーゼ活性について、30℃で405 nmの吸光度の分光測定により解析した。次に、16888のモル吸光係数を用いて活性を算出し、リパーゼ活性/mg粉末の単位として表した。解析はすべて、単一の実験系で行った。結果から、ジャガイモの品種、土壌条件、天気、および塊茎齢、および貯蔵条件が大きく異なるにもかかわらず、活性のばらつきは限定されることが示された。さらに、より古い試料がより新しい試料よりも低い活性を示すわけではなく、リパーゼ活性が少なくとも2年間にわたり、およびおそらくははるかにそれよりも長く安定であることが示される。
科学文献は、パタチンの基質特異性を説明する様々な研究を含む。これらは一般に、8〜12個の間の炭素原子を含む、中鎖長のパラニトロフェニルエステルおよび飽和リン脂質が好ましい基質であることに同意する。
Claims (11)
- トリグリセリドを水の存在下でパタチンに供する段階を含む、少なくとも1つのC4〜C8脂肪酸を含むトリグリセリドから脂肪酸を加水分解するための方法であって、パタチンがC4〜C8脂肪酸を加水分解し、加水分解が乳濁液中またはコロイド分散体中で起こり、乳濁液またはコロイド分散体が乳脂肪を含み、パタチンがジャガイモ、Solanum tuberosum由来である、方法。
- パタチンが天然型である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 乳濁液またはコロイド分散体が乳を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 乳濁液またはコロイド分散体がカードである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カードがチーズの製造において用いられる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- パタチンが、50〜80℃の間の温度まで加熱することによってその後不活化される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- トリグリセリドが、9.2以下、または好ましくは6.3未満の水・オクタノール分配係数を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 加水分解が食品の風味の増強をもたらす、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 前記食品がチーズである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記チーズが、イタリアタイプのチーズ、ブルーチーズ、または酵素処理チーズ(enzyme-modified cheese)である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 乳を凝固させてカードを得る段階、
該カードを脱水する段階、および
フレッシュチーズを形成し、任意でその後熟成させる段階
を含む、チーズを製造する方法であって、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に従って、C4〜C8脂肪酸を加水分解するためにパタチンを該乳または該カードに添加する、方法。
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US20110211679A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Vladimir Mezhibovsky | Voice Response Processing |
WO2011159967A1 (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-22 | Butamax(Tm) Advanced Biofuels Llc | Extraction solvents derived from oil for alcohol removal in extractive fermentation |
KR20130087014A (ko) | 2010-06-18 | 2013-08-05 | 부타맥스 어드밴스드 바이오퓨얼스 엘엘씨 | 알코올 생산성 향상을 위한 지방산의 보충 |
JP5793288B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-10-14 | 綱 秀 典 金 | バイオ石油燃料製造方法と、それに使用する触媒および製造システム |
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EA025269B1 (ru) | 2016-12-30 |
US10034485B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
BR112014032741A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
EA201491986A1 (ru) | 2015-05-29 |
WO2014007621A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
BR112014032741B1 (pt) | 2022-01-25 |
BR112014032171A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
US20150140618A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
JP2015527060A (ja) | 2015-09-17 |
WO2014007622A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
EA025269B9 (ru) | 2017-03-31 |
CA2873378C (en) | 2020-01-14 |
MX2014014866A (es) | 2015-04-08 |
CA2873366A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
CN104428419A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
US20150189896A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
JP6230601B2 (ja) | 2017-11-15 |
PL2870252T3 (pl) | 2020-07-13 |
EA027459B1 (ru) | 2017-07-31 |
CA2873366C (en) | 2021-06-15 |
CA2873378A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
EP2870253A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
JP2015521845A (ja) | 2015-08-03 |
EA201491987A1 (ru) | 2015-06-30 |
MX2014014876A (es) | 2015-03-09 |
EP2870252B1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
MX357703B (es) | 2018-07-20 |
DK2870252T3 (da) | 2020-03-16 |
EP2870252A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
CN104428420B (zh) | 2018-06-01 |
CN104428420A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
MX362234B (es) | 2019-01-09 |
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