JP6159195B2 - Injection method - Google Patents
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- JP6159195B2 JP6159195B2 JP2013172939A JP2013172939A JP6159195B2 JP 6159195 B2 JP6159195 B2 JP 6159195B2 JP 2013172939 A JP2013172939 A JP 2013172939A JP 2013172939 A JP2013172939 A JP 2013172939A JP 6159195 B2 JP6159195 B2 JP 6159195B2
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- calcium
- water
- silica
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 152
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 calcium aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010947 wet-dispersion method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NQMZNYDGOJUGRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ca++].[Ca++] Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ca++].[Ca++] NQMZNYDGOJUGRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000284156 Clerodendrum quadriloculare Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005280 amorphization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NSGDYZCDUPSTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-bromo-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-2-oxopyridin-3-yl]cycloheptanecarboxamide Chemical compound Cc1c(Br)cn(Cc2ccc(F)cc2)c(=O)c1NC(=O)C1CCCCCC1 NSGDYZCDUPSTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ca] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ca] ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005563 spheronization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明は、注入工法に関する。特に、高水圧下においても、優れた浸透性、止水性、高耐久性を示す注入工法に関する。 The present invention relates to an injection method. In particular, the present invention relates to an injection method that exhibits excellent permeability, water stoppage, and high durability even under high water pressure.
近年、ＬＰＧの地下備蓄、放射性廃棄物の地下封じ込め、ダム・トンネル等の止水等、岩盤の微細な亀裂に浸透する高耐久の注入材が要望されている。従来、高浸透性の注入材としては一般に溶液型注入材と呼ばれる、水ガラスやシリカゾル、或いは水ガラスを陽イオン交換樹脂又はイオン交換膜で処理して得られる活性シリカを主成分とした注入材、活性シリカを濃縮増粒してｐＨが９〜１０の弱アルカリ性で安定化したシリカコロイド注入材等が用いられてきた（特許文献１〜２）。 In recent years, there has been a demand for a highly durable injection material that penetrates fine cracks in bedrock such as underground storage of LPG, underground containment of radioactive waste, and water stoppage of dams and tunnels. Conventionally, as a highly permeable injection material, generally called a solution type injection material, water glass, silica sol, or an injection material mainly composed of active silica obtained by treating water glass with a cation exchange resin or an ion exchange membrane In addition, a silica colloid injection material stabilized by weakly alkaline having a pH of 9 to 10 by concentrating and increasing the active silica has been used (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
しかしながら、高水圧下では、上述の溶液型注入材は、注入材自体の強度（ホモゲル強度という）が小さいため、水圧で押し出され、耐久性が悪い。そこで、懸濁型注入材である微粒子セメントが検討されているが、平均粒子径は５μｍ程度と大きく、微細な亀裂には浸透しないため、十分な止水効果が得られていないのが現状である。 However, under a high water pressure, the above-mentioned solution-type injection material has a low strength (referred to as homogel strength) of the injection material itself, so that it is pushed out by water pressure and has poor durability. Therefore, fine particle cement, which is a suspension-type injection material, has been studied, but the average particle size is as large as about 5 μm and does not penetrate into fine cracks. is there.
そこで、微粒子シリカを主体とする注入材が提案された（特許文献３）。特許文献３は、微粒子シリカを主体とする注入材を地盤に注入するものであり、カルシウム化合物を含有する懸濁液を使用することについての記載はない。 Therefore, an injection material mainly composed of fine-particle silica has been proposed (Patent Document 3). Patent Document 3 injects an injection material mainly composed of fine-particle silica into the ground, and there is no description about using a suspension containing a calcium compound.
特許文献４は、平均粒径が１．０μｍ以下である微粒子シリカ、分散剤、及び水を含有するＡ材と、平均粒径１．０μｍ以下のカルシウム化合物、分散剤、及び水を含有するＢ材とからなるコンクリートのひび割れ補修用注入材、さらにポリマーディスパージョンを含有してなる注入材が提案されている。しかし、特許文献４は、カルシウムアルミネート類、オキシカルボン酸類及び水を含有するＣ材について記載がない。 Patent Document 4 discloses a material A containing fine particle silica having an average particle size of 1.0 μm or less, a dispersant, and water, and a B compound containing a calcium compound having an average particle size of 1.0 μm or less, a dispersant, and water. There have been proposed an injection material for repairing cracks in concrete made of a material and an injection material containing a polymer dispersion. However, Patent Document 4 does not describe a C material containing calcium aluminates, oxycarboxylic acids, and water.
特許文献５は、必須成分として、（ａ）通常ヒュームドシリカと呼ばれ、少なくとも５ｍ２／ｇの比表面を有する無定形シリカの微細粒子と、（ｂ）少なくとも８０００ｃｍ２／ｇのプレーン比表面積を有する消石灰の微細粒子とを有することを特徴とする注入可能な硬化性微細グラウト（特許文献５）が提案されている。しかし、特許文献５は、カルボキシアルキルセルロース類について記載がない。 Patent Document 5 discloses, as essential components, (a) fine particles of amorphous silica, usually called fumed silica, having a specific surface of at least 5 m 2 / g, and (b) a plain specific surface area of at least 8000 cm 2 / g. An injectable curable fine grout (Patent Document 5) characterized in that it has fine particles of slaked lime having slag has been proposed. However, Patent Document 5 does not describe carboxyalkyl celluloses.
又、特許文献６及び７には、金属シリコン粉末を水に分散させた金属シリコン粉末濃度が２０〜７０％、又は５〜６０％であるスラリーを火炎中に少なくとも１０ｍ／秒以上、又は少なくとも２０ｍ／秒以上の突出速度で噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法で製造した微細シリカ粉末（微細球状シリカ）が示されているが、この微細球状シリカを注入材として使用することは示されていない。 In Patent Documents 6 and 7, a slurry in which a metal silicon powder concentration in which metal silicon powder is dispersed in water is 20 to 70%, or 5 to 60% is at least 10 m / second or more, or at least 20 m in a flame. Although a fine silica powder (fine spherical silica) produced by a method of injecting, burning, and oxidizing at a protruding speed of at least / sec is shown, the use of this fine spherical silica as an injection material is not shown.
本発明の目的は、例えば、優れた止水効果を有する注入工法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide, for example, an injection method having an excellent water stop effect.
即ち、本発明は、超音波分散処理を行うことなくレーザー回折式粒度分布計を用いて測定した平均粒径が１．０μｍ以下である微粒子シリカ、分散剤及び水を含有する湿式分散処理したＡ材と、超音波分散処理を行うことなくレーザー回折式粒度分布計を用いて測定した平均粒径１．０μｍ以下のカルシウム化合物、分散剤及び水を含有する湿式粉砕分散処理したＢ材と、カルシウムアルミネート類、オキシカルボン酸類及び水を含有するＣ材とを混合し、注入してなる注入工法であり、カルシウムアルミネート類の使用量が、微粒子シリカ１００質量部に対して３〜１００部であり、オキシカルボン酸類の使用量が、カルシウムアルミネート類１００部に対して、０．０５〜１０部であり、Ｃ材の水の量が、カルシウムアルミネート類１００部に対して１００〜１５００部である注入工法であり、超音波分散処理を行うことなくレーザー回折式粒度分布計を用いて測定した平均粒径が１．０μｍ以下である微粒子シリカ、分散剤及び水を含有する湿式分散処理したＡ材と、超音波分散処理を行うことなくレーザー回折式粒度分布計を用いて測定した平均粒径１．０μｍ以下のカルシウム化合物、分散剤及び水を含有する湿式粉砕分散処理したＢ材とを混合した後に、カルシウムアルミネート類、オキシカルボン酸類及び水を含有するＣ材を更に混合し、注入してなる注入工法であり、カルシウムアルミネート類の使用量が、微粒子シリカ１００質量部に対して３〜１００部であり、オキシカルボン酸類の使用量が、カルシウムアルミネート類１００部に対して、０．０５〜１０部であり、Ｃ材の水の量が、カルシウムアルミネート類１００部に対して１００〜１５００部である注入工法であり、カルシウムアルミネート類中のＣaＯとＡｌ ２ Ｏ ３ の含有量が、ＣaＯとＡｌ ２ Ｏ ３ の合計１００部中、ＣaＯ３９〜６０部とＡｌ ２ Ｏ ３ ４０〜６１部である該注入工法であり、ＳiＯ ２ の含有量が、カルシウムアルミネート類中、５％以下である該注入工法であり、Ａ材中の微粒子シリカの濃度が５〜８０％であり、Ｂ材中のカルシウム化合物の濃度が２〜５０％である該注入工法であり、Ａ材、Ｂ材及びＣ材の混合比率が質量比で、Ａ材を１００とすると、Ｂ材が１５〜５００、Ｃ材が１〜３００である該注入工法であり、カルシウム化合物が水酸化カルシウムである該注入工法であり、Ａ材の分散剤の使用量が、微粒子シリカ１００質量部に対して０．１〜３０質量部（固形分換算）であり、Ｂ材の分散剤の使用量が、カルシウム化合物１００質量部に対して１〜３０質量部（固形分換算）であり、Ｂ材中のカルシウム化合物の量が、微粒子シリカ１００部に対して２０〜２５０部である該注入工法であり、微粒子シリカが、高温火炎中に、金属シリコン粉末を水に分散させた金属シリコン粉末濃度が５〜７０％であるスラリーを、少なくとも１０ｍ／秒以上の突出速度で噴射して溶融球状化することにより製造された球状シリカ粉末であり、微粒子シリカの球形度の平均値が９０％以上であり、微粒子シリカの非晶化率が、９５％以上であり、分散剤が、ナフタレンスルホン酸系分散剤とビスフェノールスルホン酸塩系分散剤からなる群の１種以上であり、カルシウムアルミネート類が、１２ＣaＯ・７Ａｌ ２ Ｏ ３ 組成に対応する熱処理物を急冷した非晶質のアルミン酸カルシウムであり、カルシウムアルミネート類の粒度が、ブレーン比表面積値で３，０００ｃｍ ２ ／ｇ以上であり、オキシカルボン酸類が、クエン酸である該注入工法である。 That is, the present invention is a wet-dispersed A containing fine particle silica having a mean particle diameter of 1.0 μm or less measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter without performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment, a dispersant and water. Material, B material subjected to wet pulverization and dispersion treatment containing calcium compound having a mean particle size of 1.0 μm or less, a dispersant and water, measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter without performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment, and calcium It is an injection method formed by mixing and injecting aluminate, oxycarboxylic acids and water-containing C material, and the amount of calcium aluminate used is 3 to 100 parts with respect to 100 parts by mass of fine-particle silica. Yes, the amount of oxycarboxylic acid used is 0.05 to 10 parts with respect to 100 parts of calcium aluminate, and the amount of water of the C material is 100 parts of calcium aluminate. It is an injection method of 100 to 1500 parts with respect to parts, fine particle silica having a mean particle size of 1.0 μm or less measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter without performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment, a dispersant, and A wet material containing a water compound containing a calcium compound having a mean particle size of 1.0 μm or less, a dispersant and water measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter without performing an ultrasonic dispersion treatment. After mixing the pulverized and dispersed B material, the C material containing calcium aluminates, oxycarboxylic acids and water is further mixed and injected, and the amount of calcium aluminates used is 3 to 100 parts with respect to 100 parts by mass of fine-particle silica, and the amount of oxycarboxylic acids used is 0.05 to 10 parts with respect to 100 parts of calcium aluminate. Ri, the amount of water in the C member is a grouting method is 100 to 1500 parts per 100 parts of calcium aluminates, the content of CaO and Al 2 O 3 in the calcium aluminates, CaO and Al during a total of 100 parts of 2 O 3, an infusion method is CaO39~60 parts of Al 2 O 3 40 to 61 parts, SiO 2 content, in the calcium aluminates, the infusion of 5% or less This is an injection method in which the concentration of fine particle silica in the A material is 5 to 80%, and the concentration of the calcium compound in the B material is 2 to 50%, and the A material, the B material, and the C material. the mixing ratio by mass ratio, when the material a and 100, B material 15 to 500, an infusion method is C material 1 to 300, an infusion method the calcium compound is calcium hydroxide, a The amount of dispersant used in the material 0.1 to 30 parts by mass relative to Rica 100 parts by weight (solid basis) der is, the amount of dispersant B material, 1 to 30 parts by weight relative to the calcium compound 100 parts by mass (on a solid basis ), and the amount of calcium compound in B material, is 20 to 250 parts der Ru infusion method with respect to 100 parts of fine silica, fine silica, into the hot flame, dispersing metal silicon powder in water It is a spherical silica powder produced by spraying a slurry having a metal silicon powder concentration of 5 to 70% at a protruding speed of at least 10 m / sec to form a molten spheroid, and the average sphericity of fine particle silica The value is 90% or more, the amorphization rate of the fine particle silica is 95% or more, and the dispersant is at least one member of the group consisting of naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersant and bisphenol sulfonate dispersant. , Mosquito Nitrosium aluminates is, an amorphous calcium aluminate obtained by quenching a heat treated product corresponding to 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 composition, the particle size of the calcium aluminates is 3,000 cm 2 / g in Blaine specific surface area This is the injection method in which the oxycarboxylic acid is citric acid .
本発明により、例えば、優れた止水効果を有する注入工法を提供することが可能である。 According to the present invention, for example, it is possible to provide an injection method having an excellent water stop effect.
以下、本発明の実施の形態につき具体的に説明する。
本発明に記載する部や％は、記載が無い限りは、質量部、質量％を意味する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described.
Unless otherwise indicated, parts and% described in the present invention mean parts by mass and% by mass.
本発明の微粒子シリカは、金属シリコン又はジルコニアを製造する過程で電気炉から発生するフューム（シリカフューム）を捕集する方法や、金属シリコン粉末を分散させたスラリーを火炎中に噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法により製造できる。これらの中では、金属シリコン粉末を分散させたスラリーを火炎中に噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法で製造した微粒子シリカ粉末が、凝集（ストラクチャー）が少なく、浸透性が大きい点で、好ましい。 The fine-particle silica of the present invention is a method for collecting fumes (silica fume) generated from an electric furnace in the process of producing metallic silicon or zirconia, or a slurry in which metallic silicon powder is dispersed is injected into a flame and burned and oxidized. It can be manufactured by a method. Among these, a fine particle silica powder produced by a method in which a slurry in which a metal silicon powder is dispersed is injected into a flame, burned, and oxidized is preferable in that it has little aggregation (structure) and high permeability.
本発明において、微粒子シリカの粒度は、浸透性、圧縮強さ特性を向上させるために、平均粒径１．０μｍ以下とするが、０．０５〜１．０μｍが好ましく、０．０５〜０．６μｍがより好ましい。例えば、可燃ガスと助燃ガスとによって形成される高温火炎中に金属シリコン粉末を水に分散させた金属シリコン粉末濃度が５〜７０％であるスラリーを、少なくとも１０ｍ／秒以上の突出速度で噴射して溶融球状化することにより、球状シリカ粉末を製造する。更に、分級処理によって、流動性の助長効果に優れた平均粒子径を有する微粒子球状シリカ粉末を捕集することができる。例えば、特許文献６や特許文献７の方法によって製造することができる。 In the present invention, the particle size of the fine particle silica is set to an average particle size of 1.0 μm or less in order to improve the permeability and compressive strength properties, but is preferably 0.05 to 1.0 μm, preferably 0.05 to 0.00. 6 μm is more preferable. For example, a slurry having a metal silicon powder concentration of 5 to 70% in which metal silicon powder is dispersed in water in a high-temperature flame formed by combustible gas and auxiliary combustion gas is injected at a protruding speed of at least 10 m / second or more. Then, spherical silica powder is produced by melt spheronization. Furthermore, fine particle spherical silica powder having an average particle diameter excellent in fluidity promoting effect can be collected by the classification treatment. For example, it can manufacture by the method of patent document 6 or patent document 7.
又、かかる微粒子シリカは、浸透性、圧縮強さ特性の点で、球形度の平均値は９０％以上が好ましく、９５％以上がより好ましく、９７％以上が特に好ましい。
球形度は、走査型電子顕微鏡（日本電子社製「ＪＳＭ−Ｔ２００型」）と画像解析装置（日本アビオニクス社製）を用いて測定することができる。例えば、先ず、粉末のＳＥＭ写真から粒子の投影面積（Ａ）と周囲長（ＰＭ）を測定する。周囲長（ＰＭ）に対応する真円の面積を（Ｂ）とすると、その粒子の球形度はＡ／Ｂ×１００（％）として表示できる。そこで、試料粒子の周囲長（ＰＭ）と同一の周囲長を持つ真円を想定すると、ＰＭ＝２πｒ、Ｂ＝πｒ２であるから、Ｂ＝π×（ＰＭ／２π）２となり、個々の粒子の球形度は、球形度＝Ａ／Ｂ×１００（％）＝Ａ×４π／（ＰＭ）２×１００（％）として算出することができるので、任意の粒子２００個の平均値を粉末の球形度として求めることができる。
In addition, the fine particle silica has an average value of sphericity of preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and particularly preferably 97% or more in terms of permeability and compressive strength characteristics.
The sphericity can be measured using a scanning electron microscope (“JSM-T200 type” manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) and an image analyzer (manufactured by Nippon Avionics Co., Ltd.). For example, first, the projected area (A) and the perimeter (PM) of particles are measured from an SEM photograph of powder. When the area of a perfect circle corresponding to the perimeter (PM) is (B), the sphericity of the particle can be displayed as A / B × 100 (%). Therefore, assuming a perfect circle having the same circumference as the sample particle (PM), PM = 2πr and B = πr 2 , so that B = π × (PM / 2π) 2 , and each particle Can be calculated as sphericity = A / B × 100 (%) = A × 4π / (PM) 2 × 100 (%), so the average value of 200 arbitrary particles is the sphere of the powder. It can be calculated as a degree.
更に、微粒子シリカの非晶化率は、９５％以上が好ましく、９８％以上がより好ましい。
非晶化率は、粉末Ｘ線回折装置（例えば、ＲＩＧＡＫＵ社製「Ｍｉｎｉ Ｆｌｅｘ」）を用い、ＣｕＫα線の２θが２６〜２７．５°の範囲において試料のＸ線回折分析を行い、特定回折ピークの強度比から測定することができる。かかる微粒子シリカとしては、例えば、電気化学工業社製商品名「ＳＦＰ−２０Ｍ」、「ＳＦＰ−３０Ｍ」や、アドマテック社製商品名「アドマファイン」等が挙げられる。
本発明のカルシウム化合物としては、カルシウムアルミネートを除くものであり、水酸化カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、石膏等の無機物質、ギ酸カルシウム等の有機酸のカルシウム塩等が挙げられる。これらの中では、圧縮強さの点で、水酸化カルシウムが好ましい。
本発明において、カルシウム化合物は、浸透性、圧縮強さ特性を向上させるために、平均粒径１．０μｍ以下に粉砕するが、平均粒径０．０５〜１．０μｍに粉砕することが好ましく、０．０５〜０．５μｍに粉砕することがより好ましい。
Furthermore, the amorphous ratio of the fine particle silica is preferably 95% or more, and more preferably 98% or more.
The amorphous ratio is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of the sample using a powder X-ray diffractometer (for example, “Mini Flex” manufactured by RIGAKU) in the range of 2θ of CuKα ray of 26 to 27.5 °. It can be measured from the intensity ratio of the peaks. Examples of the fine particle silica include trade names “SFP-20M” and “SFP-30M” manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. and trade names “Admafine” manufactured by Admatech.
The calcium compound of the present invention excludes calcium aluminate, and includes inorganic substances such as calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride and gypsum, and calcium salts of organic acids such as calcium formate. Among these, calcium hydroxide is preferable in terms of compressive strength.
In the present invention, the calcium compound is pulverized to an average particle size of 1.0 μm or less in order to improve the permeability and compressive strength characteristics, but is preferably pulverized to an average particle size of 0.05 to 1.0 μm. It is more preferable to grind to 0.05 to 0.5 μm.
カルシウム化合物が水酸化カルシウムの場合は、塩化カルシウムなどの可溶性カルシウム塩と、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなどの可溶性アルカリ塩とを、それぞれ溶解し混合する、いわゆるビルドアップ法によって製造される微細な水酸化カルシウムも使用することができる。 When the calcium compound is calcium hydroxide, it is a fine product manufactured by a so-called build-up method in which a soluble calcium salt such as calcium chloride and a soluble alkali salt such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are dissolved and mixed. Calcium hydroxide can also be used.
本発明では、Ａ材、Ｂ材それぞれに、分散剤を併用することが必要である。分散剤は、例えば、粒子同士を分散させて、粒子の凝集を抑制する効果を有するものである。Ａ材のみ、或いは、Ｂ材のみに、分散剤を添加すると他方の液と混合した瞬間に反応固化してしまい、好ましくない。ただし、注入状況によっては分散剤の使用量を低下させることでゲルタイムを短くし、又は瞬結とし、リーク防止や限定注入として活用することができる。 In the present invention, it is necessary to use a dispersant in each of the A material and the B material. The dispersant has an effect of, for example, dispersing particles and suppressing aggregation of particles. If a dispersant is added only to the A material or only to the B material, it is unfavorable because the reaction solidifies at the moment of mixing with the other liquid. However, depending on the state of injection, the gel time can be shortened or reduced by reducing the amount of dispersant used, which can be used for leak prevention or limited injection.
本発明で使用する分散剤としては、ナフタレンスルホン酸系分散剤、ビスフェノールスルホン酸塩系分散剤、リグニンスルホン酸系分散剤、メラミンスルホン酸系分散剤、ポリカルボン酸系分散剤、ポリエーテル系分散剤、リン酸塩系分散剤が使用可能であるが、これらのうち、ナフタレンスルホン酸系分散剤又はビスフェノールスルホン酸塩系分散剤が、浸透性、圧縮強度向上の点で好ましい。 As the dispersant used in the present invention, naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersant, bisphenol sulfonate dispersant, lignin sulfonate dispersant, melamine sulfonate dispersant, polycarboxylic acid dispersant, polyether dispersant Of these, a naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersant or a bisphenol sulfonate dispersant is preferable from the viewpoint of penetrability and compressive strength.
Ａ材の分散剤の使用量は、Ａ材の微粒子シリカ１００部に対して、固形分換算で０．１〜３０部が好ましく、０．５〜５部がより好ましい。０．１部未満だと他方の液と混合した瞬間に反応固化してしまい、コンクリートのひび割れへの浸透性が悪い場合があり、３０部を超えると圧縮強度が低い場合がある。 The amount of the dispersant for the A material used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts, more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts in terms of solid content with respect to 100 parts of the fine particle silica of the A material. If it is less than 0.1 part, it reacts and solidifies at the moment when it is mixed with the other liquid, and the permeability to cracks in concrete may be poor, and if it exceeds 30 parts, the compressive strength may be low.
Ｂ材の分散剤の使用量は、カルシウム化合物１００部に対して、固形分換算で１〜３０部が好ましく、５〜２０部がより好ましい。１部未満だと、他方の液と混合した瞬間に反応固化してしまい、浸透性が悪い場合があり、３０部を超えると圧縮強度が低い場合がある。 The amount of the dispersant for the B material used is preferably 1 to 30 parts, more preferably 5 to 20 parts in terms of solid content with respect to 100 parts of the calcium compound. If it is less than 1 part, it will react and solidify at the moment of mixing with the other liquid, and the permeability may be poor, and if it exceeds 30 parts, the compression strength may be low.
本発明では、微粒子シリカ及びカルシウム化合物をそれぞれ水に分散し、それぞれＡ材及びＢ材を製造する。 In the present invention, the fine particle silica and the calcium compound are dispersed in water, respectively, to produce the A material and the B material, respectively.
本発明のＡ材中の微粒子シリカの濃度は８０％以下が好ましく、５〜６０％がより好ましく、１０〜４０％が最も好ましい。微粒子シリカの濃度が８０％を超えると高粘度となり浸透性が低下する場合がある。又、本発明では、予め高濃度の微粒子シリカスラリーを製造し、施工時に水により希釈して使用することも可能である。高濃度で浸透しない場合は、５％未満の低濃度で長時間注入継続することで小さな亀裂に確実に注入することができ、高い改良効果を得ることができる。 The concentration of fine particle silica in the A material of the present invention is preferably 80% or less, more preferably 5 to 60%, and most preferably 10 to 40%. When the concentration of the fine particle silica exceeds 80%, the viscosity becomes high and the permeability may be lowered. In the present invention, it is also possible to produce a high-concentration fine particle silica slurry in advance and dilute it with water during construction. When it does not penetrate at a high concentration, it can be injected reliably into a small crack by continuing the injection for a long time at a low concentration of less than 5%, and a high improvement effect can be obtained.
本発明のＢ材中のカルシウム化合物の量は、微粒子シリカ１００部に対して２０〜２５０部が好ましく、５０〜２００部がより好ましい。カルシウム化合物の量が２０部未満では圧縮強さが低下する場合があり、２５０部を超えると浸透性が低下する場合がある。 The amount of the calcium compound in the B material of the present invention is preferably 20 to 250 parts, more preferably 50 to 200 parts with respect to 100 parts of fine particle silica. If the amount of the calcium compound is less than 20 parts, the compressive strength may be reduced, and if it exceeds 250 parts, the permeability may be reduced.
本発明のＢ材中のカルシウム化合物の濃度は５０％以下が好ましく、２〜４０％がより好ましく、５〜３０％が最も好ましい。カルシウム化合物の濃度が５０％を超えると高粘度となり浸透性が低下する場合がある。又、本発明では、予め高濃度のカルシウム化合物スラリーを製造し、施工時に水により希釈して使用することも可能である。高濃度で浸透しない場合は、２％未満の低濃度で長時間注入継続することで小さな亀裂に確実に注入することができ、高い改良効果を得ることができる。 The concentration of the calcium compound in the B material of the present invention is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 2 to 40%, and most preferably 5 to 30%. When the concentration of the calcium compound exceeds 50%, the viscosity may become high and the permeability may be lowered. In the present invention, it is also possible to produce a calcium compound slurry having a high concentration in advance and dilute it with water at the time of construction. When it does not penetrate at a high concentration, it can be injected reliably into a small crack by continuing the injection for a long time at a low concentration of less than 2%, and a high improvement effect can be obtained.
本発明の注入材は、硬化時間を調整するために、硬化時間調整剤を含有することができる。 The injection material of the present invention can contain a curing time adjusting agent in order to adjust the curing time.
浸透性を向上させるために、微粒子シリカ及びカルシウム化合物は、各種湿式粉砕機で分散又は粉砕して平均粒径を小さくすることが好ましい。なお、ここで言う平均粒径とは、レーザー回折式粒度分布計（例えば、堀場製作所社製「ＬＡ−９２０型」）を用い、湿式分散処理した懸濁液を、通常前処理として行う超音波分散処理を行わずに、水媒中で測定した値である。ＪＩＳ Ｒ １６２９では、超音波をかけて凝集物を分散処理してから粒度を測定するため、実際に地盤へ注入しても浸透性が悪い場合がある。そこで、超音波分散処理を行わずに測定することで実際の地盤への浸透性と近い結果となる。超音波分散処理を行わずに測定した微粒子シリカ及びカルシウム化合物の平均粒径が１．０μｍ以下である場合、浸透性が向上する。 In order to improve the permeability, the fine particle silica and the calcium compound are preferably dispersed or pulverized by various wet pulverizers to reduce the average particle size. The average particle size referred to here is an ultrasonic wave obtained by using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution meter (for example, “LA-920 type” manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) and performing a wet dispersion treatment as a normal pretreatment. It is a value measured in a water medium without performing a dispersion treatment. In JIS R 1629, since the particle size is measured after the aggregate is dispersed by applying ultrasonic waves, the permeability may be poor even if it is actually injected into the ground. Therefore, by measuring without performing ultrasonic dispersion processing, the result is close to the actual permeability to the ground. When the average particle size of the fine particle silica and the calcium compound measured without performing the ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 1.0 μm or less, the permeability is improved.
湿式分散処理した懸濁液とは、微粒子シリカを湿式分散処理したＡ材、カルシウム化合物を湿式粉砕とともに分散処理（本明細書において「湿式粉砕分散処理」という）したＢ材をいう。
本発明で使用する湿式粉砕機は、超音波装置、高速攪拌機、媒体攪拌式ミル、及び高圧水を使用した粉砕機等のいずれを使用する方法でも良く、単独又は併用して選択するものであり、粉砕効率が高い点で、高圧水を使用した粉砕機が好ましい。特に、微粒子シリカやカルシウム化合物は、水又は水と分散剤の存在下で、超音波装置、高速攪拌機、媒体攪拌式ミル、高圧水を使用した粉砕機からなる群より選ばれた一種又は二種以上を用いることにより、懸濁液を調製できる。
The suspension subjected to the wet dispersion treatment refers to the A material obtained by wet dispersion treatment of the fine particle silica and the B material obtained by dispersing the calcium compound together with wet grinding (referred to as “wet grinding dispersion treatment” in this specification).
The wet pulverizer used in the present invention may be a method using any of an ultrasonic device, a high-speed stirrer, a medium stirring mill, a pulverizer using high-pressure water, etc., and is selected alone or in combination. A pulverizer using high-pressure water is preferable in terms of high pulverization efficiency. In particular, the fine-particle silica or calcium compound is one or two selected from the group consisting of an ultrasonic device, a high-speed stirrer, a medium stirring mill, and a pulverizer using high-pressure water in the presence of water or water and a dispersant. By using the above, a suspension can be prepared.
超音波装置としては、一般的にホモジナイザーと言われる高出力の超音波機が好ましい。高速攪拌機としては、単純に攪拌子が高速で回転するだけではなく、いわゆる、乱流状態となり、粒子に剪断力が働くような構造が好ましい。例えば、太平洋機工社製商品名「シャープフローミル」、特殊機化工業社製商品名「ホモミクサー」、「ホモミックラインミル」及び「ホモディスパー」等がそれに類する。又、媒体攪拌式ミルとしては、奈良機械製作所社製商品名「マイクロス」、アシザワファインテック社製商品名「スターミル」、三井鉱山社製商品名「ＳＣ−ミル」及び寿工業社製商品名「デュアルアペックスミル」等が挙げられる。又、高圧水を使用した粉砕機は、スラリーに５０〜４００ＭＰａの高圧を加え、このスラリーを二つの流路に分岐させ、再度合流する部分で対向衝突させて粉砕するものである。このような粉砕機としては、スギノマシン社製商品名「スターバースト」や「アルティマイザー」、ナノマイザー社製商品名「ナノマイザー」及びマイクロフルイディスク社製商品名「マイクロフルイタイザー」等が挙げられる。これらの中では、注入材の地盤への浸透性を向上させる点で「スターバースト」が好ましい。 As the ultrasonic device, a high output ultrasonic machine generally called a homogenizer is preferable. The high-speed stirrer preferably has a structure that not only simply rotates the stirrer at a high speed but also a so-called turbulent state and a shear force acts on the particles. For example, trade names “Sharp Flow Mill” manufactured by Taiheiyo Kiko Co., Ltd., trade names “Homomixer”, “Homomic Line Mill”, “Homo Dispers” manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd., and the like. In addition, as the medium agitating mill, the product name “Micros” manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd., the product name “Star Mill” manufactured by Ashizawa Finetech Co., Ltd., the product name “SC-Mill” manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd., and the product name manufactured by Kotobuki Industries Co., Ltd. “Dual Apex Mill” and the like. A pulverizer using high-pressure water applies a high pressure of 50 to 400 MPa to the slurry, divides the slurry into two flow paths, and pulverizes them by colliding against each other at a portion where they rejoin. Examples of such a pulverizer include “Starburst” and “Ultimizer” manufactured by Sugino Machine, “Nanomizer” manufactured by Nanomizer, and “Microfluidizer” manufactured by Microfluidics. Among these, “starburst” is preferable in terms of improving the permeability of the injection material into the ground.
本発明で使用するカルシウムアルミネート類とは、カルシアを含む原料と、アルミナを含む原料等を混合して、キルンでの焼成や、電気炉での溶融等の熱処理をして得られる、ＣaＯとＡｌ２Ｏ３とを主たる成分とし、水和活性を有する物質である。鉱物形態としては、結晶質、非晶質いずれであってもよい。 Calcium aluminate used in the present invention is a mixture of a raw material containing calcia and a raw material containing alumina, and obtained by heat treatment such as firing in a kiln or melting in an electric furnace. It is a substance having Al 2 O 3 as a main component and hydration activity. The mineral form may be either crystalline or amorphous.
これらの中では、反応活性の面で、非晶質のアルミン酸カルシウムが好ましく、１２ＣaＯ・７Ａｌ２Ｏ３組成に対応する熱処理物を急冷した非晶質のアルミン酸カルシウムがより好ましい。
カルシウムアルミネート類中のＣaＯとＡｌ２Ｏ３の含有量は、ＣaＯとＡｌ２Ｏ３の合計１００部中、ＣaＯ３９〜６０部とＡｌ２Ｏ３４０〜６１部が好ましく、ＣaＯ４３〜５０部とＡｌ２Ｏ３５０〜５７部がより好ましい。
Among these, amorphous calcium aluminate is preferable in terms of reaction activity, and amorphous calcium aluminate obtained by quenching the heat-treated product corresponding to the 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 composition is more preferable.
The content of CaO and Al 2 O 3 in the calcium aluminates, the total of 100 parts of CaO and Al 2 O 3, CaO39~60 parts of Al 2 O 3 40~61 parts are preferred, and CaO43~50 parts al 2 O 3 50~57 parts is more preferable.
本発明で使用するカルシウムアルミネート類は、ナトリウム、カリウム及びリチウム等のアルカリ金属塩が一部固溶してもよいが、ＳiＯ２はカルシウムアルミネート類中、５％以下含有することが好ましく、ＳiＯ２を含有しないことがより好ましい。 Calcium aluminate used in the present invention may be partially dissolved in alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium and lithium, but SiO 2 is preferably contained in 5% or less in calcium aluminate, It is more preferable not to contain SiO 2 .
カルシウムアルミネート類の粒度は、ブレーン比表面積値（以下、ブレーン値という）で３，０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上が好ましい。３，０００ｃｍ２／ｇ未満では初期強度発現性が低下する場合がある。
カルシウムアルミネート類の使用量は、微粉シリカ１００部に対して３〜１００部が好ましく、５〜５０部がより好ましい。３部未満では強度及び耐水性の向上が期待できない場合があり、１００部を超えるとゲル時間をコントロールすることが困難になり浸透性を阻害する場合がある。
本発明で使用するオキシカルボン酸類は、カルシウムアルミネート類を含有する懸濁液のゲル化時間を調整する目的で使用する。
The particle size of the calcium aluminates is preferably 3,000 cm 2 / g or more in terms of the specific surface area of the brane (hereinafter referred to as “brane value”). If it is less than 3,000 cm 2 / g, the initial strength development may decrease.
The amount of calcium aluminates used is preferably 3 to 100 parts, more preferably 5 to 50 parts, per 100 parts of finely divided silica. If it is less than 3 parts, improvement of strength and water resistance may not be expected, and if it exceeds 100 parts, it may be difficult to control the gel time and may impair permeability.
The oxycarboxylic acids used in the present invention are used for the purpose of adjusting the gelation time of a suspension containing calcium aluminates.
オキシカルボン酸類としては、グルコン酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、乳酸、これらオキシカルボン酸のリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム塩、カルシウム塩が挙げられる。これらの２種以上を併用した混合物でもよい。 Examples of oxycarboxylic acids include gluconic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and lithium, sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of these oxycarboxylic acids. A mixture of two or more of these may be used.
オキシカルボン酸類の使用量は、カルシウムアルミネート類１００部に対して、０．０５〜１０部が好ましく、０．１〜７部がより好ましい。０．０５部未満では、水を混合したスラリーが直ぐにゲル化してしまう場合があり、１０部を超えると強度発現性を阻害する場合がある。 The amount of oxycarboxylic acids used is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts, more preferably 0.1 to 7 parts, per 100 parts of calcium aluminates. If it is less than 0.05 part, the slurry mixed with water may gel immediately, and if it exceeds 10 part, strength development may be inhibited.
本発明は、カルシウムアルミネート類、オキシカルボン酸類及び水を含有する懸濁液をＣ材とし、Ａ材とＢ材の混合液とは別途に、Ｃ材を合流するものである。Ｃ材の水の量は、カルシウムアルミネート類１００部に対して１００〜１５００部が好ましく、２００〜１０００部がより好ましい。１００部未満では懸濁液の粘性が高くなり、浸透性が悪くなる場合があり、１５００部を超えると強度発現性を阻害する場合がある。 In the present invention, a suspension containing calcium aluminates, oxycarboxylic acids and water is used as C material, and the C material is joined separately from the mixed solution of A material and B material. The amount of water in the C material is preferably 100 to 1500 parts, more preferably 200 to 1000 parts, relative to 100 parts of calcium aluminates. If it is less than 100 parts, the viscosity of the suspension becomes high and the permeability may deteriorate, and if it exceeds 1500 parts, strength development may be inhibited.
Ａ材、Ｂ材及びＣ材の混合比率は質量比で、Ａ材を１００とすると、Ｂ材が１５〜５００、Ｃ材が１〜３００であることが好ましい。 The mixing ratio of the A material, the B material, and the C material is a mass ratio. When the A material is 100, the B material is preferably 15 to 500, and the C material is preferably 1 to 300.
Ｃ材は、オキシカルボン酸類を溶解した水にカルシウムアルミネート類を添加し、一般的なミキサーで混合することにより、懸濁液を調製できる。Ｃ材は注入する現場で調製できる。 As for the C material, a suspension can be prepared by adding calcium aluminates to water in which oxycarboxylic acids are dissolved and mixing with a general mixer. Material C can be prepared at the site of injection.
本発明の注入材を地盤に注入するにあたっては、特に限定するものではないが、Ａ材とＢ材とＣ材を混合する方法として、Ａ材とＢ材を別々にポンプで送り、三重管を用いて、その先端部でＡ材、Ｂ材、Ｃ材を合流混合して注入するいわゆる３ショット方式、Ａ材とＢ材の両液を予め混合した混合液をポンプで送り、注入管に至る途中でＣ材を合流混合して注入するいわゆる１．５ショット方式でも行うことができる。 Injecting the injection material of the present invention into the ground is not particularly limited, but as a method of mixing A material, B material and C material, pump A material and B material separately, Using the so-called three-shot method in which the A material, B material, and C material are merged and mixed at the tip, and a mixed liquid in which both the A material and B material are mixed in advance is pumped to reach the injection tube. The so-called 1.5 shot system in which the C material is mixed and mixed in the middle can also be performed.
本発明の注入工法は、上記注入材を地盤に注入することを特徴とするものである。本発明の注入工法は、例えば、高浸透水圧下の亀裂のある岩盤の止水や岩盤掘削によって形成された空洞周辺部の止水において、岩盤の亀裂への注入材の充填性に優れ、かつ、高浸透水圧が作用しても注入材が押し出されることなく長期止水性を維持することができる注入工法にかかわるものであって、上記効果を得られるものである。 The injection method of the present invention is characterized by injecting the above-mentioned injection material into the ground. The injection method of the present invention is excellent in, for example, filling of cracked rocks under high osmotic water pressure and water filling around a cavity formed by rock excavation, and filling of the injected material into the rock cracks, and Further, the present invention relates to an injection method capable of maintaining a long-term water-stopping property without pushing out the injection material even when a high osmotic water pressure acts, and the above-mentioned effects can be obtained.
分散剤をＡ材とＢ材の両方に使用すると良好な浸透性が得られる理由は不明だが、分散剤が微粒子シリカやカルシウム化合物の表面で反応し、微粒子シリカとカルシウム化合物が接触しても直ちに水和反応しないよう、硬化遅延しているためと考えられる。 The reason why good permeability can be obtained when the dispersant is used for both the A material and the B material is unknown, but immediately after the dispersant reacts on the surface of the fine particle silica or calcium compound and the fine particle silica and the calcium compound come into contact with each other. This is thought to be because the cure is delayed so as not to cause a hydration reaction.
超音波分散処理を行わずに測定した微粒子シリカ及びカルシウム化合物の平均粒径が１．０μｍ以下である場合、微粒子シリカは凝集しにくい。 When the average particle diameter of the fine particle silica and calcium compound measured without performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 1.0 μm or less, the fine particle silica hardly aggregates.
以下、本発明を実施例によって説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
実施例は特記しない限り、２０℃で行った。 Examples were performed at 20 ° C. unless otherwise specified.
実施例１
粒径、種類の異なる微粒子シリカ１００部、分散剤２部、水５００部を混合し、スギノマシン社製商品名「スターバースト」で湿式分散処理し、Ａ材（Ｓ１〜７）を作製した。
一方、市販の水酸化カルシウム（カルシウム化合物、平均粒径９．５μｍ）１００部、分散剤８部、水５００部を混合し、同様にスギノマシン社製商品名「スターバースト」で粉砕時間を変えて湿式分散処理し、Ｂ材（Ｃ１〜６）を作製した。但し、Ｃ６は、水酸化カルシウムの代わりに、石膏を用いた。
一方、表１に示すカルシウムアルミネート類１００部、表３に示す量のオキシカルボン酸類、水４００部を混合し、Ｃ材を作製した。
Ａ材とＢ材を合流した。カルシウム化合物の使用量が、微粒子シリカ１００部に対して、１００部になるように、Ａ材とＢ材を混合した。
Ａ材とＢ材を混合した後、Ｃ材を更に混合した。カルシウムアルミネート類の使用量が、微粒子シリカ１００部に対して、２５部になるように、Ｃ材を混合した。
浸透性試験、圧縮強さ試験、耐水性試験を行った。配合及び結果を表１に示す。微粒子シリカは、金属シリコン粉末を分散させたスラリーを火炎中に噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法により製造した。
Example 1
100 parts of fine particle silica having different particle diameters and types, 2 parts of a dispersant, and 500 parts of water were mixed and subjected to a wet dispersion treatment with a trade name “Starburst” manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., thereby producing A material (S1 to 7).
On the other hand, 100 parts of commercially available calcium hydroxide (calcium compound, average particle size 9.5 μm), 8 parts of a dispersant, and 500 parts of water are mixed, and the pulverization time is similarly changed with the product name “Starburst” manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd. Then, a wet dispersion treatment was performed to prepare a B material (C1 to 6). However, for C6, gypsum was used instead of calcium hydroxide.
On the other hand, 100 parts of calcium aluminates shown in Table 1, the amount of oxycarboxylic acids shown in Table 3, and 400 parts of water were mixed to prepare a C material.
A material and B material were merged. A material and B material were mixed so that the usage-amount of a calcium compound might be 100 parts with respect to 100 parts of fine-particle silica.
After mixing A material and B material, C material was further mixed. C material was mixed so that the usage-amount of calcium aluminate might be 25 parts with respect to 100 parts of fine particle silica.
A permeability test, a compressive strength test, and a water resistance test were conducted. The formulation and results are shown in Table 1. The fine particle silica was produced by a method in which a slurry in which metal silicon powder was dispersed was injected into a flame and burned and oxidized.
（使用材料）
微粒子シリカＳ１：平均粒径０．０５μｍ、球形度９７％、非晶化率１００％、金属シリコン粉末を水に分散させた金属シリコン粉末濃度が３０％であるスラリーを火炎中に１５０ｍ／秒以上の突出速度で噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法で製造した微粒子球状シリカ
微粒子シリカＳ２：平均粒径０．１μｍ、球形度９７％、非晶化率１００％、金属シリコン粉末を水に分散させた金属シリコン粉末濃度が３０％であるスラリーを火炎中に１２０ｍ／秒以上の突出速度で噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法で製造した微粒子球状シリカ
微粒子シリカＳ３：平均粒径０．６μｍ、球形度９７％、非晶化率１００％、金属シリコン粉末を水に分散させた金属シリコン粉末濃度が３０％であるスラリーを火炎中に１００ｍ／秒以上の突出速度で噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法で製造した微粒子球状シリカ
微粒子シリカＳ４：平均粒径１．０μｍ、球形度９６％、非晶化率１００％、金属シリコン粉末を水に分散させた金属シリコン粉末濃度が３０％であるスラリーを火炎中に５０ｍ／秒以上の突出速度で噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法で製造した微粒子球状シリカ
微粒子シリカＳ５：平均粒径３．５μｍ、球形度９５％、非晶化率１００％、金属シリコン粉末を水に分散させた金属シリコン粉末濃度が３０％であるスラリーを火炎中に２ｍ／秒以上の突出速度で噴射し燃焼、酸化させる方法で製造した微粒子球状シリカ
フェロシリコン副生シリカフュームＳ６：平均粒径２０μｍ（超音波処理した場合は平均粒径５．５μｍ）、球形度８６％
ゾルゲル法合成シリカＳ７：平均粒径１０．１μｍ、球形度７５％（超音波処理した場合は平均粒径９．８μｍ）
カルシウム化合物Ｃ１：平均粒径０．０５μｍ、水酸化カルシウム
カルシウム化合物Ｃ２：平均粒径０．１μｍ、水酸化カルシウム
カルシウム化合物Ｃ３：平均粒径０．５μｍ、水酸化カルシウム
カルシウム化合物Ｃ４：平均粒径１．０μｍ、水酸化カルシウム
カルシウム化合物Ｃ５：平均粒径３．５μｍ（参考値：超音波分散処理した場合は平均粒径２．１μｍ）、水酸化カルシウム
カルシウム化合物Ｃ６：平均粒径０．５μｍ、無水石膏
分散剤：ナフタレンスルホン酸系市販品、液状、固形分濃度４０％
カルシウムアルミネート類ａ：１２ＣａＯ・７Ａｌ２Ｏ３に相当する非晶質カルシウムアルミネート、ＣａＯ４７％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３５３％、ブレーン比表面積６０００ｃｍ２／ｇ
カルシウムアルミネート類ｂ：市販アルミナセメント１号、ＣａＯ３６％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３６４％、ブレーン比表面積４６００ｃｍ２／ｇ
カルシウムアルミネート類ｃ：ＣａＯ４４％、Ａｌ２Ｏ３４６％、ＳｉＯ２８％、その他の成分２％になるように電気炉で溶融し急冷し、粉砕したもの、ブレーン比表面積５８００ｃｍ２／ｇ
オキシカルボン酸類：クエン酸、市販品
(Materials used)
Particulate silica S1: Slurry having an average particle size of 0.05 μm, a sphericity of 97%, an amorphization rate of 100%, a metal silicon powder dispersed in water and a metal silicon powder concentration of 30% in a flame of 150 m / sec or more Fine Spherical Silica Fine Particle Silica S2 produced by a method of injecting, burning and oxidizing at a protruding speed of: a metal having an average particle size of 0.1 μm, a sphericity of 97%, an amorphization rate of 100%, and metal silicon powder dispersed in water Fine-particle spherical silica fine particle silica S3 produced by a method in which a slurry having a silicon powder concentration of 30% is injected into a flame at a protruding speed of 120 m / second or more, burned, and oxidized: average particle diameter 0.6 μm, sphericity 97%, Combustion and oxidation by injecting a slurry of 100% amorphous, metal silicon powder dispersed in water with a metal silicon powder concentration of 30% into a flame at a projection speed of 100 m / sec or more Spherical Silica Fine Particle Silica S4 Produced by the Method of Dispersing: Slurry having an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm, a sphericity of 96%, an amorphization rate of 100%, and a metal silicon powder concentration of 30% in which metal silicon powder is dispersed in water Is produced by a method of injecting into a flame at a projecting speed of 50 m / sec or more, burning, and oxidizing, fine particle spherical silica fine particle silica S5: average particle size 3.5 μm, sphericity 95%, amorphous ratio 100%, metallic silicon Fine particle spherical silica ferrosilicon by-product silica fume S6 produced by a method in which a slurry of metal powder dispersed in water and having a concentration of 30% is injected into a flame at a protruding speed of 2 m / sec or more and burned and oxidized. Particle size 20μm (average particle size 5.5μm when sonicated), sphericity 86%
Sol-gel synthetic silica S7: average particle size 10.1 μm, sphericity 75% (average particle size 9.8 μm when sonicated)
Calcium compound C1: Average particle size 0.05 μm, Calcium hydroxide calcium compound C2: Average particle size 0.1 μm, Calcium hydroxide calcium compound C3: Average particle size 0.5 μm, Calcium hydroxide calcium compound C4: Average particle size 1 0.0 μm, calcium hydroxide calcium compound C5: average particle size 3.5 μm (reference value: average particle size 2.1 μm when subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment), calcium hydroxide calcium compound C6: average particle size 0.5 μm, anhydrous Gypsum dispersant: Naphthalenesulfonic acid based commercial product, liquid, solid concentration 40%
Calcium aluminate a: amorphous calcium aluminate corresponding to 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 , CaO 47%, Al 2 O 3 53%, Blaine specific surface area 6000 cm 2 / g
Calcium aluminate b: Commercially available alumina cement No. 1, CaO 36%, Al 2 O 3 64%, Blaine specific surface area 4600 cm 2 / g
Calcium aluminate c: CaO 44%, Al 2 O 3 46%, SiO 2 8%, other components 2% melted in an electric furnace, quenched, pulverized, Blaine specific surface area 5800 cm 2 / g
Oxycarboxylic acids: citric acid, commercial product
（評価方法）
ブレーン比表面積：ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１に準拠した。
平均粒径：レーザー回折式粒度分布計（堀場製作所社製「ＬＡ−９２０型」）を用いた。Ａ材及びＢ材を、超音波分散処理を行わずに、水媒中で測定した。
浸透性試験：地盤工学会基準ＪＧＳ０８３１に準ずる注入装置を用い、直径５ｃｍ×長さ５０ｃｍの試料槽に８号珪砂を充填し、注入開始から３０分後の注入材の浸透長さを浸透長とした。注入圧力は０．１ＭＰａで浸透させた。３０分以内に浸透した場合は５０ｃｍ以上と表記した。
圧縮強さ：浸透性試験を行った試料槽（長さ５０ｃｍ）から５等分になるように硬化体を切断し（長さ約１０ｃｍ）、アムスラー型圧縮試験機で材齢２８日の圧縮強度を測定した。表中には５サンプルの平均値を示す。
耐水性：浸透性試験を行った試料槽（長さ５０ｃｍ）から５等分になるように硬化体を切断し（長さ約１０ｃｍ）、２０℃水中に６ヶ月浸漬し、６ヶ月後の質量変化率を求めた。表中には２サンプルの平均値を示す。
(Evaluation method)
Blaine specific surface area: Conforms to JIS R 5201.
Average particle diameter: A laser diffraction particle size distribution meter (“LA-920 type” manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) was used. The A material and the B material were measured in an aqueous medium without performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment.
Penetration test: Using an injection device according to the JGS0831 standard of the Geotechnical Society, No. 8 silica sand is filled into a sample tank with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 50 cm. did. The infusion pressure was 0.1 MPa. When it penetrated within 30 minutes, it was described as 50 cm or more.
Compressive strength: The cured product was cut into 5 equal parts from the sample tank (length 50 cm) subjected to the permeability test (length: about 10 cm), and the compressive strength at the age of 28 days with an Amsler type compression tester. Was measured. The average value of 5 samples is shown in the table.
Water resistance: The cured product was cut into 5 equal parts from the sample tank (length 50 cm) subjected to the permeability test (length 10 cm), immersed in water at 20 ° C. for 6 months, and the mass after 6 months The rate of change was determined. The average value of 2 samples is shown in the table.
微粒子シリカの球形度が高く、平均粒径が小さい程、又、カルシウム化合物の平均粒径が小さい程、浸透性、圧縮強さ特性、耐水性に優れることがわかる。本発明の微粒子シリカおよびカルシウム化合物は、超音波分散処理を行わなくても浸透性や耐水性が優れていることがわかる。Ｃ材を使用しない場合、圧縮強さや耐水性特性ともに劣ることがわかる。フェロシリコン副生シリカフュームは、浸透性に劣ることがわかる。カルシウムアルミネート類中のＣaＯの含有量が、ＣaＯとＡｌ２Ｏ３の合計１００部中、３９部未満である場合、耐水性が若干劣ることがわかる。カルシウムアルミネート類中のＳiＯ２の含有量が５％を超えると、圧縮強さや耐水性特性ともに若干劣ることがわかる。 It can be seen that the higher the sphericity of the fine particle silica and the smaller the average particle diameter, and the smaller the average particle diameter of the calcium compound, the better the permeability, compressive strength characteristics, and water resistance. It can be seen that the fine-particle silica and calcium compound of the present invention are excellent in permeability and water resistance without performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment. When C material is not used, it turns out that compression strength and water resistance property are inferior. It turns out that the ferrosilicon byproduct silica fume is inferior in permeability. It can be seen that when the content of CaO in the calcium aluminate is less than 39 parts in a total of 100 parts of CaO and Al 2 O 3 , the water resistance is slightly inferior. It can be seen that when the content of SiO 2 in the calcium aluminates exceeds 5%, both the compressive strength and the water resistance characteristics are slightly inferior.
実施例２
湿式粉砕処理した微粒子シリカＳ３、湿式粉砕処理したカルシウム化合物Ｃ３を用い、カルシウムアルミネート類ａ１００部、表３に示す量のオキシカルボン酸類、水４００部を混合してＣ材を作製し、カルシウムアルミネート類の使用量が、微粒子シリカ１００部に対して、表３に示す量になるように、Ｃ材を混合したこと以外は実施例１と同様に、浸透性試験、圧縮強さ試験、耐水性試験を行った。配合及び結果を表２に示す。
Example 2
Using a wet-pulverized fine particle silica S3 and a wet-pulverized calcium compound C3, 100 parts of calcium aluminate a, an amount of oxycarboxylic acids shown in Table 3 and 400 parts of water are mixed to prepare a C material, and calcium aluminum The permeation test, compressive strength test, water resistance are the same as in Example 1 except that the C material was mixed so that the amount of the nates used is 100 parts of the fine particle silica. A sex test was performed. The formulation and results are shown in Table 2.
カルシウムアルミネート類、オキシカルボン酸類を適量使用した場合、浸透性、圧縮強さ、耐水性特性ともに優れることがわかる。 It can be seen that when appropriate amounts of calcium aluminates and oxycarboxylic acids are used, the permeability, compressive strength, and water resistance are excellent.
実施例３
実験Ｎｏ．１−３の配合で実際の砂地盤に注入して改良効果を確認した。注入ロット先端が地中２ｍの位置になるまで差し込み、その先端から注入速度４リットル／分で地盤内に注入した。注入した注入材量は１ｍ３とし、１日後に、バックホーで掘り返して改良範囲を確認するとともに、その改良体から円柱状試験体を採取し圧縮強度を測定した。その結果、改良径は１．８ｍでありほぼ球形の改良体を得ることができた。圧縮強度は３．１ＭＰａであった。一方、Ｃ剤を配合しない配合である実験Ｎｏ．１−１０も同様に注入した結果、１日後に掘り返しても未硬化であり改良体の存在を確認できなかった。よって、本発明の注入材は、浸透性も良好であり、早期に改良体の強度を得ることができる。
Example 3
Experiment No. The improvement effect was confirmed by injecting into the actual sand ground with the composition of 1-3. The injection lot was inserted until the tip of the injection lot reached 2 m in the ground, and injected from the tip into the ground at an injection speed of 4 liters / minute. The amount of the injected material to be injected was 1 m 3, and after 1 day, the improvement range was confirmed by digging up with a backhoe, and a cylindrical specimen was taken from the improved body and the compressive strength was measured. As a result, the improved diameter was 1.8 m, and an almost spherical improved body could be obtained. The compressive strength was 3.1 MPa. On the other hand, the experiment No. As a result of injecting 1-10 in the same manner, even if it was dug up one day later, it was uncured and the presence of the improved body could not be confirmed. Therefore, the injection material of the present invention has good permeability and can obtain the strength of the improved body at an early stage.
本発明により、例えば、液状化対策として優れた改良地盤を形成でき、亀裂を有する岩盤注入において、高い浸透性が得られ、優れた止水効果及び耐久性を有する注入工法を提供することが可能である。本発明の注入工法は、液状化防止対策、岩盤の微細な亀裂に浸透する高耐久の注入材の注入工法であって、液状化の起こる可能性のある砂地盤の改良、ＬＰＧの地下備蓄、放射性廃棄物の地下封じ込め、ダム・トンネル等の止水等に使用できる。 According to the present invention, for example, it is possible to form an improved ground that is excellent as a countermeasure against liquefaction, and it is possible to provide an injection method having high water permeability and excellent water-stopping effect and durability in rock injection with cracks. It is. The injection method of the present invention is a liquefaction prevention measure, a highly durable injection material injection method that penetrates fine cracks in the rock mass, improvement of the sand ground where liquefaction may occur, LPG underground storage, It can be used for underground containment of radioactive waste and water stoppage for dams and tunnels.
本発明の微粒子シリカおよびカルシウム化合物は、超音波分散処理を行わなくても浸透性、早期の圧縮強さ特性、耐水性に優れるので、経済的効果が大きい。 Since the fine particle silica and calcium compound of the present invention are excellent in permeability, early compression strength characteristics, and water resistance without performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment, they have a great economic effect.
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