JP6076050B2 - Composition for reducing odor of excrement - Google Patents
Composition for reducing odor of excrement Download PDFInfo
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- JP6076050B2 JP6076050B2 JP2012251120A JP2012251120A JP6076050B2 JP 6076050 B2 JP6076050 B2 JP 6076050B2 JP 2012251120 A JP2012251120 A JP 2012251120A JP 2012251120 A JP2012251120 A JP 2012251120A JP 6076050 B2 JP6076050 B2 JP 6076050B2
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Description
本発明は、主に新規な***物の臭いを低減するための組成物及び該組成物を用いた***物に由来する臭いの低減方法に関する。 The present invention mainly relates to a composition for reducing the odor of novel excrement and a method for reducing the odor derived from excrement using the composition.
動物は、生活に伴い必ず糞尿の***を行う。従って、愛玩動物、家畜動物等を飼育する際には、***物の処理を行う必要がある。また、ヒトにおいても、要介助者等の***物を処理する必要性がある場合もある。しかしながら、***物は悪臭を伴い、不快感の原因となる。 Animals always excrete excreta during their lives. Therefore, when raising pet animals, livestock animals, etc., it is necessary to treat the excrement. Moreover, even in humans, there is a case where it is necessary to process excreta such as a person requiring assistance. However, the excreta has a bad odor and causes discomfort.
通常は消臭剤を用いるなどにより悪臭の低減を図るが、消臭剤は消臭効果が及ぶ範囲が限定的であるなどの理由から、対策としては不十分である（特許文献１）。根本的な解決手段として、***物の臭いそのものを低減することが望まれるが、そのための有効な手段はあまり知られていない。 Usually, a bad odor is reduced by using a deodorant or the like. However, the deodorant is insufficient as a countermeasure because it has a limited range of deodorizing effects (Patent Document 1). As a fundamental solution, it is desired to reduce the smell of excrement itself, but an effective means for that purpose is not well known.
本発明は、新規な***物の臭いを低減するための組成物及び該組成物を用いた***物に由来する臭いの低減方法を提供することを主な目的とする。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a novel composition for reducing the odor of excrement and a method for reducing the odor derived from the excrement using the composition.
本発明者は、前記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物若しくはエキス、及び、吸着材を含む組成物を動物に投与することで、***物の臭いを顕著に低減できることを見出した。本発明は、斯かる知見に基づき完成したものである。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor significantly reduced the smell of excrement by administering a composition containing a crushed or extract of microorganisms of the genus Cryptococcus and an adsorbent to animals. We found that it can be reduced. The present invention has been completed based on such knowledge.
本発明は、下記の態様を包含する。 The present invention includes the following embodiments.
項１、クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物若しくはエキス、及び、吸着材を含む、***物の臭いを低減するための組成物。 Item 1. A composition for reducing the smell of excreta, comprising a crushed or extracted microorganism of the genus Cryptococcus and an adsorbent.
項２、前記吸着材が、酸性白土である、項１に記載の組成物。 Item 2. The composition according to item 1, wherein the adsorbent is acid clay.
項３、動物に、項１又は２に記載の組成物を投与する工程を含む、***物に由来する臭いの低減方法。 Item 3. A method for reducing odor derived from excreta, comprising a step of administering the composition according to Item 1 or 2 to an animal.
本発明により、簡便に***物の臭いを低減することが可能となる。従って、愛玩動物や家畜動物の飼育に伴う不快感を、大幅に低減できる。また、本発明の組成物は安全性が確保された成分を用いているため、ヒトへの適用も可能である。 According to the present invention, it is possible to easily reduce the smell of excrement. Accordingly, discomfort associated with breeding pets and domestic animals can be greatly reduced. In addition, the composition of the present invention uses components that ensure safety, and thus can be applied to humans.
（１）組成物
本発明の組成物は、***物の臭いを低減するための組成物である。
(1) Composition The composition of the present invention is a composition for reducing the smell of excrement.
***物とは、主に糞、尿を指すが、糞と同様に消化器から発せられる口臭、げっぷ；尿と同様に循環器と密接に関連するエクリン汗腺、アポクリン汗腺、皮脂腺等からの分泌物（例えば、汗。）なども含まれる。 Excretion refers mainly to feces and urine, but bad breath and belches that are emitted from the digestive organs like feces; secretions from the eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands, etc., which are closely related to the circulatory organs like urine (For example, sweat).
***物は、脊椎動物由来の***物を主に指す。脊椎動物をより具体的に詳説すれば、ヒトを含めた哺乳類、鳥類、爬虫類、両生類、魚類を指す。さらに具体的には、イヌ、ネコ、ウサギ、ハムスター、ハツカネズミ等の齧歯類、インコ、ブンチョウ等の小型鳥類などの愛玩動物（ペット）；ウシ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ニワトリ等の家畜動物が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。 The excrement mainly refers to excrement derived from vertebrates. More specifically, vertebrates refer to mammals including humans, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. More specifically, pets (pets) such as rodents such as dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, and mice, small birds such as parakeets and bunchos; and livestock animals such as cows, pigs, sheep, and chickens. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
***物の臭いは、特に限定されるものではないが、硫化水素、スカトール（3-メチルインドール）、インドール、メチルメルカプタン（メタンチオール）、アンモニア、揮発性アミン類等が原因となりうる。従って、これらの成分の含有量を公知の手法（例えば、ガスクロマトグラフィー。）により測定することにより、臭いの程度（悪臭の程度）を評価することができる。悪臭の程度を、官能試験により評価することも当然できる。悪臭の程度の総合的な判断手法としては、官能試験が好ましい。 The odor of excrement is not particularly limited, but may be caused by hydrogen sulfide, skatole (3-methylindole), indole, methyl mercaptan (methanethiol), ammonia, volatile amines, and the like. Therefore, the degree of odor (degree of malodor) can be evaluated by measuring the content of these components by a known method (for example, gas chromatography). Of course, the degree of malodor can be evaluated by a sensory test. A sensory test is preferable as a comprehensive method for judging the degree of malodor.
本発明の組成物は、クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物若しくはエキス、及び、吸着材を含む。 The composition of the present invention includes a crushed or extracted microorganism of the genus Cryptococcus and an adsorbent.
クリプトコッカス属の微生物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で特に限定されるものではない。ただし、感染症であるクリプトコッカス症の原因となるCryptococcus neoformans などの病原性のクリプトコッカス属の微生物は含まれないものと理解される。なお、クリプトコッカス属の微生物は、当該微生物の酵母様の無性世代（Anamorph）を指す。糸状菌様の有性世代（Telemorph）のときはFilobasidiella属と呼ばれる。従って、「クリプトコッカス属の微生物」は、「クリプトコッカス属の酵母」と換言することもできる。 The microorganism of the genus Cryptococcus is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. However, it is understood that pathogenic cryptococcus microorganisms such as Cryptococcus neoformans that cause cryptococcosis which is an infectious disease are not included. The microorganism of the genus Cryptococcus refers to the yeast-like asexual generation (Anamorph) of the microorganism. When it is a filamentous fungus-like sexual generation (Telemorph), it is called the genus Filobasidiella. Therefore, “microorganisms of the genus Cryptococcus” can also be referred to as “yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus”.
クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物若しくはエキスは、クリプトコッカス属の微生物を常法に従って培養し、培養液から回収した菌体を破砕したものを用いることができる。培養を行う際の培地、培養温度などの培養条件は、クリプトコッカス属の酵母に適した諸条件を、当業者が適宜選択することができる。培養液からの菌体の回収は、遠心分離や濾過（例えば、自然濾過、吸引濾過など。）等の常法に従った手段により行うことができる。 The disrupted product or extract of the microorganism of the genus Cryptococcus can be obtained by culturing a microorganism of the genus Cryptococcus according to a conventional method and crushing the cells recovered from the culture solution. A person skilled in the art can appropriately select various conditions suitable for the cryptococcus yeast as the culture conditions such as the culture medium and culture temperature during the culture. The bacterial cells can be collected from the culture solution by means according to a conventional method such as centrifugation or filtration (for example, natural filtration, suction filtration, etc.).
菌体の破砕は、すり鉢、超音波、フレンチプレス、硝子ビーズなどによる物理的破砕等の公知の手法で行うことができる。破砕物若しくはエキスには、破砕後に得られる可溶画分及び／又は不溶画分（すなわち、可溶画分及び不溶画分、可溶画分のみ、又は、不溶画分のみ。）を包含するものと理解される。 The cells can be crushed by a known method such as physical crushing using a mortar, ultrasonic wave, French press, glass beads or the like. The crushed material or extract includes a soluble fraction and / or an insoluble fraction obtained after crushing (that is, a soluble fraction and an insoluble fraction, only a soluble fraction, or only an insoluble fraction). Understood.
吸着材は、生理学的に許容される吸着剤であれば、特に限定されるものではない。吸着剤の具体例としては、アルミナ、シリカ、活性炭、ゼオライト、活性白土、酸性白土などが挙げられる。吸着材は、１種を用いてもよく、又は２種以上を混合して用いてもよい。なかでも、***物の臭いを低減する効果が高いとの観点から、酸性白土が好ましい。酸性白土は、微粒子状であることが好ましい。微粒子状の酸性白土の好ましい例として、粒子径が約５００μｍ程度以下のもの、好ましくは約２００μｍ程度以下のもの、特に好ましくは約１００μｍ程度以下のものが挙げられる。 The adsorbent is not particularly limited as long as it is a physiologically acceptable adsorbent. Specific examples of the adsorbent include alumina, silica, activated carbon, zeolite, activated clay, and acid clay. One kind of adsorbent may be used, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used. Among these, acidic clay is preferable from the viewpoint that the effect of reducing the smell of excrement is high. The acid clay is preferably in the form of fine particles. Preferable examples of the particulate acidic clay include those having a particle diameter of about 500 μm or less, preferably about 200 μm or less, particularly preferably about 100 μm or less.
本発明の組成物におけるクリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物若しくはエキスと、吸着剤とを混合することで作成することができる。混合比率は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で当業者が適宜設定することができる。好ましい配合比率として、クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物若しくはエキスの固形分１００重量部に対して、吸着剤約１〜１００００重量部程度、好ましくは１０〜１０００重量部程度が挙げられる。 It can be prepared by mixing a crushed or extract of cryptococcus microorganisms in the composition of the present invention with an adsorbent. The mixing ratio can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention. As a preferable blending ratio, about 1 to 10,000 parts by weight of the adsorbent, preferably about 10 to 1000 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid matter of the crushed material or extract of the genus Cryptococcus.
本発明の組成物は、取り扱いが簡便である乾燥形態であることが好ましい。乾燥形態の組成物は、クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物を単独で乾燥した後に吸着剤と混合することで、又は、クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物と吸着剤との混合物を乾燥して得ることができる。乾燥処理の具体例としては、真空凍結乾燥（フリーズドライ）法、噴霧乾燥（スプレードライ）法、加熱乾燥法などが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。 The composition of the present invention is preferably in a dry form that is easy to handle. The composition in a dry form can be obtained by drying a cryptococcus microorganism crushed material alone and then mixing it with an adsorbent, or by drying a mixture of a cryptococcus microorganism crushed material and an adsorbent. it can. Specific examples of the drying treatment include a vacuum freeze drying (freeze drying) method, a spray drying (spray drying) method, and a heat drying method, but are not limited thereto.
本発明の組成物は、上記必須成分以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、適宜その他の成分を含んでもよい。その他成分の具体例としては、色素、香料、保存剤、溶剤、賦形剤などが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。また、本発明の組成物は、上記必須成分を含む飲食物（固形状若しくは液体状のいずれであってもよい。例えば、愛玩動物（ペット）用、家畜動物用などの飼料が例示される。）であってもよい。 The composition of the present invention may appropriately contain other components in addition to the essential components as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Specific examples of other components include, but are not limited to, dyes, fragrances, preservatives, solvents, excipients, and the like. In addition, the composition of the present invention may be food or drink (solid or liquid) containing the above essential components. Examples thereof include feeds for pets (pets) and livestock animals. ).
本発明の組成物は、適宜公知の手法により、必要に応じて溶剤、賦形剤等をさらに配合して、錠剤、散剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、液剤などの剤形に製剤化してもよい。好ましい形態の１つは、例えば上記クリプトコッカス属の酵母の破砕物及び吸着剤を無処理のまま得られる、散剤（粉末状）である。 The composition of the present invention may be formulated into a dosage form such as a tablet, powder, granule, capsule, or liquid by further blending a solvent, excipient, etc. as necessary by a known method. . One of the preferred forms is a powder (powdered form), for example, obtained without treatment of the above-mentioned Cryptococcus yeast crushed material and adsorbent.
本発明の組成物は、***物の臭いの低減を図る動物が摂取することで効果を発揮する。摂取量及び摂取頻度は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で当業者が適宜設定することができる。１回あたりの摂取量は、例えば、組成物の有効成分であるクリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物若しくはエキス、及び、吸着剤を、動物の体重１ｋｇあたり固形分で合計約１ｍｇ〜１ｇ程度、好ましくは約５〜２００ｍｇ程度、特に好ましくは約１０〜１００ｍｇ程度とすることができる。摂取頻度は、例えば、１日あたり１回又は複数回（例えば、１〜３回程度、特に２回程度）とすることができる。 The composition of the present invention is effective when ingested by an animal that aims to reduce the smell of excrement. The intake amount and the intake frequency can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention. The ingestion amount per time is, for example, about 1 mg to 1 g in total of solid matter per kg body weight of the animal, which is a crushed or extracted microorganism of the genus Cryptococcus, which is an active ingredient of the composition, preferably The amount may be about 5 to 200 mg, particularly preferably about 10 to 100 mg. The intake frequency can be, for example, once or a plurality of times (for example, about 1 to 3 times, particularly about 2 times) per day.
本発明の組成物が***物の臭いを低減する効果を奏する機構は必ずしも明らかではない。クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物若しくはエキスが、腸内細菌の増殖や活性化を促すことなどに基づきより腸内環境を整えることや、吸着剤が老廃物などのにおいの原因となる成分を吸着することが、本発明が効果を奏する機構の少なくとも一端であると考えられるが、本発明はこれに拘束されるものではない。 The mechanism by which the composition of the present invention has the effect of reducing the odor of excrement is not always clear. Cryptococcus microorganism disruption or extract improves the intestinal environment based on promoting the growth and activation of intestinal bacteria, and the adsorbent adsorbs components that cause odors such as waste products. This is considered to be at least one end of the mechanism in which the present invention is effective, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
（２）***物に由来する臭いの低減方法
本発明の***物に由来する臭いの低減方法は、動物に、上記（１）欄に記載の組成物を投与する工程を含む。
(2) Method for reducing odor derived from excrement The method for reducing the odor derived from excrement according to the present invention includes a step of administering to the animal the composition described in the above section (1).
動物は、上記（１）欄に記載の愛玩動物（ペット）、家畜動物などの脊椎動物が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。 Examples of animals include, but are not limited to, vertebrates such as pets (pets) and livestock animals described in the section (1).
投与は、経口投与であることが好ましい。上記組成物を単独で投与しても、他の固形状又は液状の飲食品とともに投与することができる。動物が愛玩動物（ペット）や家畜動物である場合、他の固形状又は液体状の飲食品（例えば、飼料、飲用水など。）に配合して投与することが簡便であるため、好ましい。 The administration is preferably oral administration. Even if it administers the said composition independently, it can administer with other solid-state or liquid food-drinks. When the animal is a pet animal (pet) or livestock animal, it is preferable because it is easy to mix and administer in other solid or liquid foods and drinks (for example, feed, drinking water, etc.).
上記組成物を投与する量及び頻度は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で当業者が適宜設定することができる。１回あたりの投与量は、例えば、組成物の有効成分であるクリプトコッカス属の酵母の破砕物及び吸着剤を、動物の体重１ｋｇあたり合計約１ｍｇ〜１ｇ程度、好ましくは約５〜２００ｍｇ程度、特に好ましくは約１０〜１００ｍｇ程度とすることができる。投与頻度は、例えば、１日あたり１回又は複数回（例えば、１〜３回程度、特に２回程度）とすることができる。 A person skilled in the art can appropriately set the amount and frequency of administration of the composition within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention. The dose per administration is, for example, about about 1 mg to 1 g in total, preferably about 5 to 200 mg, preferably about 5 to 200 mg, of the crushed yeast of the genus Cryptococcus and the adsorbent, which are the active ingredients of the composition. Preferably, it can be about 10 to 100 mg. The administration frequency can be, for example, once or a plurality of times (for example, about 1 to 3 times, particularly about 2 times) per day.
投与開始から１〜数日後には、***物に由来する臭いの低減が達成される。 One to several days after the start of administration, reduction in odor derived from excrement is achieved.
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は該実施例により
何ら限定されるものではない。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited at all by this Example.
［実施例１］投与試験
（１）試験組成物の製造
（i）クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物の製造
YM寒天培地上で培養したクリプトコッカス属の微生物の単一コロニーをＹＭ培地200ｍｌに接種し、三角フラスコ中で、30℃程度、200rpmで10日間振とう培養した。
[Example 1] Administration test (1) Manufacture of test composition (i) Manufacture of crushed microorganisms of the genus Cryptococcus
A single colony of Cryptococcus microorganisms cultured on YM agar medium was inoculated into 200 ml of YM medium, and cultured in an Erlenmeyer flask with shaking at about 30 ° C. and 200 rpm for 10 days.
ＹＭ培地の組成は、以下の通りである：
ＹＭ培地（培地１Ｌあたり）
ペプトン 5.0ｇ
乾燥酵母エキス 3.0ｇ
乾燥麦芽エキス 3.0ｇ
ブドウ糖 10.0ｇ
（寒天 20.0ｇ）。
The composition of the YM medium is as follows:
YM medium (per liter of medium)
Peptone 5.0g
Dry yeast extract 3.0g
Dry malt extract 3.0g
Glucose 10.0g
(Agar 20.0g).
次いで、得られた培養液を5000ｘｇで遠心し、菌体を沈殿させた。上清を除去した後に、菌体を20mlの蒸留水中に懸濁した。蒸気滅菌器を用いて、懸濁液を121℃で20分間処理した。懸濁液を室温まで冷却し、クエン酸溶液を用いてpH3に調整した。 Subsequently, the obtained culture solution was centrifuged at 5000 × g to precipitate the cells. After removing the supernatant, the cells were suspended in 20 ml of distilled water. The suspension was treated at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes using a steam sterilizer. The suspension was cooled to room temperature and adjusted to pH 3 using a citric acid solution.
懸濁液を-80℃に冷却した乳鉢に加え、鉢棒で30分程度混ぜながら菌体を破砕した。顕微鏡下でクリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕が確認できたら、室温で解凍した。 The suspension was added to a mortar cooled to −80 ° C., and the cells were disrupted while mixing with a mortar for about 30 minutes. When the disruption of Cryptococcus microorganisms was confirmed under a microscope, the cells were thawed at room temperature.
（ii）組成物の製造
上記で得たクリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物及び酸性白土（平均粒径９０μｍ以下）を以下の組成で混合した。
(Ii) Production of composition The crushed material of the microorganism of the genus Cryptococcus obtained above and acidic clay (average particle size of 90 µm or less) were mixed with the following composition.
クリプトコッカス属の微生物の破砕物 １０重量部
酸性白土（平均粒径９０μｍ以下） ５０重量部。
Cryptococcus of genus Cryptococcus 10 parts by weight Acid clay (average particle size of 90 μm or less) 50 parts by weight.
得られた混合物を、乾燥器を用いて45℃で16時間加熱乾燥し、試験組成物を得た。 The obtained mixture was heat-dried at 45 ° C. for 16 hours using a drier to obtain a test composition.
（２）投与
被験動物（イヌ（犬種：ポメラニアン）、平均体重：6.5ｋｇ、n=２）に、上記組成物0.71ｇを飼料に配合して、１日２回投与した。上記組成物を配合しない飼料を与えた動物（イヌ（犬種：ポメラニアン）、平均体重：6.0ｋｇ、n=２）を、対照被験動物とした。
(2) Administration A test animal (dog (dog breed: Pomeranian), average body weight: 6.5 kg, n = 2) was mixed with 0.71 g of the composition in a feed and administered twice a day. An animal (dog (dog breed: Pomeranian), average body weight: 6.0 kg, n = 2) fed with a feed not containing the above composition was used as a control test animal.
（３）官能試験
投与前及び投与開始２日後及び５日後に、被験動物及び対照被験動物が***した糞の臭いを、官能試験により評価した。官能試験は、下記の評価基準に基づき行った。
(3) Sensory test The smell of feces excreted by the test animal and the control test animal was evaluated by a sensory test before administration and 2 days and 5 days after the start of administration. The sensory test was performed based on the following evaluation criteria.
評価基準：
+++++：投与前と比較して、臭いは大幅に増大しており、著しく不快感がある臭いがする、
++++：投与前と比較して、臭いは増大しており、不快感がある臭いがする、
+++：投与前と同程度の不快感がある臭いがする、
++ ：投与前と比較して臭いは低減されているが、不快感がある臭いがする、
+ ：投与前と比較して臭いは大幅に低減されており、臭いはするものの不快感はほとんどない、
0 ：臭いは感じられない。
Evaluation criteria:
+++++: The odor is greatly increased compared to before administration, and there is a very unpleasant odor,
++++: The odor is increased compared to before administration, and there is an unpleasant odor.
+++: It smells as unpleasant as before administration
++: Smell is reduced compared to before administration, but there is an unpleasant odor,
+: The odor is greatly reduced compared to before administration, and there is almost no discomfort although it smells.
0: No smell is felt.
表１のとおり、被験動物においては組成物の投与により、***物の臭いが低減されることが示された。 As shown in Table 1, in the test animals, it was shown that the smell of excreta was reduced by administration of the composition.
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