JP6018236B2 - 撮像プローブ用の走査機構 - Google Patents
撮像プローブ用の走査機構 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6018236B2 JP6018236B2 JP2015020811A JP2015020811A JP6018236B2 JP 6018236 B2 JP6018236 B2 JP 6018236B2 JP 2015020811 A JP2015020811 A JP 2015020811A JP 2015020811 A JP2015020811 A JP 2015020811A JP 6018236 B2 JP6018236 B2 JP 6018236B2
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Description
本出願は、参照することにより全体的に本書に盛り込まれた英題が「IMAGING PROBE」である2007年1月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/881,169号に関連し、その優先権の利益を享受する。
血管内超音波法のためのカテーテルベースのシステムがYockによって説明されており(米国特許4794931)、血管内の構造の高分解能の撮像を提供する。このようなシステムは、中の長いトルクケーブルの遠位端の近くに超音波トランスデューサを設けた外側シースを具えている。モータがトルクケーブル及び超音波トランスデューサアッセンブリを回転させると、血管といった解剖学的構造の2次元断面画像を形成し得る。カテーテル又はトルクケーブル及び超音波トランスデューサアッセンブリの回転運動と組み合わせた真っ直ぐな平行移動により、カテーテルの長さ方向に沿った一連の2次元画像を取得し得る。
a)遠位及び近位端部及び細長い中間部を有して長手軸を有する細長い中空のシャフトであって、エネルギビームを放射し、前記管腔及び体腔の内面又は前記体の外面から反射される反射エネルギ信号を受信するための撮像アッセンブリが、前記近位端部から離れて前記細長い中空のシャフトの中に配置され、前記撮像アッセンブリが撮像コンジットの第1の端部に接続され、前記撮像コンジットが前記細長い中空のシャフトを通って延びて当該コンジットの第2の端部で前記近位端部を介して画像処理システムに接続されており、前記撮像コンジットは前記撮像アッセンブリにエネルギを送出するよう構成されている細長い中空のシャフトと;
b)ある角速度で前記長手軸を中心に前記撮像コンジット及び前記撮像アッセンブリに回転運動を与えるための回転駆動機構であって、前記角速度を変えるための調節手段を有する回転駆動機構と;
c)前記撮像アッセンブリの前方視又は側視性能を提供するために前記長手軸に対して可変角度で前記細長い中空のシャフトの外の経路に沿って前記エネルギビームを送出するよう構成された可動部材を有する走査機構を具える前記撮像アッセンブリであって、前記可動部材が前記可変角度が前記角速度の関数となるように取り付けられており、前記走査機構が前記反射エネルギ信号を受信して前記撮像コンジットを介して前記画像処理システムに送出するよう構成された前記撮像アッセンブリと;
d)前記回転駆動機構及び前記画像処理システムに接続されたコントローラと;
e)受信した前記エネルギ信号を処理して前記管腔又は体腔の内面又は隣接構造、又は前記体の外面又は体の隣接構造の画像を生成するよう構成された前記画像処理システムと;
f)前記画像処理システムに接続されて前記画像を表示する表示手段と;
を具えた撮像プローブを提供する。
a)遠位及び近位端部及び細長い中間部を有して長手軸を有する細長い中空のシャフトであって、エネルギビームを放射し、前記管腔及び体腔の内面又は隣接構造、又は体の外面又は隣接構造から反射される反射エネルギ信号を受信するための撮像アッセンブリが、前記近位端部から離れて前記細長い中空のシャフトの中に配置され、前記撮像アッセンブリが撮像コンジットの第1の端部に接続され、前記撮像コンジットが前記細長い中空のシャフトを通って延びて当該コンジットの第2の端部で前記近位端部を介して画像処理システムに接続されており、前記撮像コンジットは前記撮像アッセンブリにエネルギを送出するよう構成されている細長い中空のシャフトと;
b)予め選択した角速度で前記長手軸を中心に前記撮像コンジット及び前記撮像アッセンブリに回転運動を与えるための回転駆動機構であって、前記予め選択した角速度を変えるための調節手段を有する回転駆動機構と;
c)前記撮像アッセンブリの前方視又は側視性能を提供するために前記長手軸に対して可変角度で前記細長い中空のシャフトの外の経路に沿って前記エネルギビームを送出するよう構成された可動部材を有する走査機構を具える前記撮像アッセンブリであって、前記可動部材が当該可動部材の周辺エッジに取り付けられた磁石を有しており、前記走査機構が電磁石を有しており、この電磁石が前記回動可能に取り付けられた反射部材から前記磁石が前記電磁石と相互作用するよう十分に近接した間隔で設けられており、前記電磁石が電源に接続され、前記可動部材は前記可変角度が前記電磁石に印加される電力の関数となるように取り付けられており、前記走査機構が前記反射エネルギ信号を受信して前記撮像コンジットを介して前記画像処理システムに送出するよう構成されている前記撮像アッセンブリと;
d)前記回転駆動機構、前記電磁石の電源及び前記画像処理システムに接続され、前記受信したエネルギ信号を処理して前記管腔及び体腔の内面又は隣接構造、又は体の外面又は隣接構造の画像を生成するよう構成されたコントローラと;
e)前記画像処理システムに接続され前記画像を表示する表示手段と;
を具えた撮像プローブを提供する。
撮像角度を変えるいくつかの実施例を上述したが、取得した撮像データに関する撮像角度及び回転角度を推定、推測、(直接的又は間接的に)測定又はそうでなければ取得することが有益である。撮像データの各ピクセル又はサンプルを、1)回転角度と称される回転軸の周りの角度、2)撮像角度と称される回転軸からの角度、及び任意に3)撮像レシーバから又はエネルギ偏向部品からといった、撮像アッセンブリの中又はその近くの基準点からの距離に、関連付けることが可能である。これらの2つの角度及び光学的距離の測定を使用して、3次元の撮像対象/組織の再構成に役立つ。
Claims (29)
- 撮像プローブであって、
中空のシャフトと;
前記中空のシャフトの中に少なくとも部分的に配置され、長手軸を有する回転可能なコンジットと;
前記回転可能なコンジットの近位端から離れた位置で前記回転可能なコンジットに機械的に結合する走査機構であって、前記走査機構から放出される撮像ビームの方向を変えるよう構成された傾斜可能な部材を有し、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角が前記長手軸に対して可変であるように前記傾斜可能な部材が傾斜可能である、走査機構と;
前記走査機構に結合され、前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角に応じて信号を生成するよう構成された撮像角度エンコーダと;
前記撮像角度エンコーダに結合され、前記中空のシャフトの近位部に対する前記傾斜角に応じて前記信号を送出するために、前記中空のシャフトを通って延在する信号送出チャンネルと;を具え、
前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角の変化により、反射エネルギビームの対応した変化をもたらすように、前記傾斜可能な部材に付随する面に入射エネルギビームを向け、前記面から反射エネルギビームを受信するよう構成されていることを特徴とする撮像プローブ。 - 前記撮像プローブが、画像処理システムに結合するためのコネクタを有しており、
前記信号送出チャンネルが、前記コネクタに接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の撮像プローブ。 - 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記反射エネルギビームの変化が前記反射エネルギビームの強度の変化を含むように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記入射エネルギビーム及び前記反射エネルギビームの経路長が前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角に依存するように、構成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角の変化により、反射光ビームの対応した変化をもたらすように、前記傾斜可能な部材に付随する面に入射光ビームを向け、前記面から反射光ビームを受信するよう構成された光撮像角度エンコーダであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記信号送出チャンネルが光ファイバであり、
前記信号が前記反射光ビームであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の撮像プローブ。 - 前記光ファイバが、前記撮像角度エンコーダに前記入射光ビームを送出するよう構成されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記入射光ビームを形成するための一方又は双方の光源と、前記反射光ビームを検出するための光検出器を有することを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記面が、前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角の変化に応じて前記反射光ビームの強度に変化をもたらすよう構成された面形状を有することを特徴とする請求項5乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記信号送出チャンネルが、光コヒーレンストモグラフィーに適した光ファイバであり、
前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記傾斜可能な部材に付随する面に入射光コヒーレンストモグラフィービームを向け、前記面から反射光コヒーレンストモグラフィービームを受信するための光部品を有しており、
前記光撮像角度エンコーダが、入射光コヒーレンストモグラフィービーム及び反射光コヒーレンストモグラフィービームの経路長が前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角に依存するように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の撮像プローブ。 - 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、傾斜角に関連する音響反射を検出するよう構成された超音波撮像角度エンコーダであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、歪みゲージエンコーディング機構を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、電気抵抗エンコーディング機構、容量エンコーディング機構、磁気エンコーディング機構、及び誘導エンコーディング機構から成る群から選択されたエンコーディング機構を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記傾斜可能な部材が、前記傾斜角が前記回転可能なコンジットの角速度を調節することによって可変となるように、取り付けられていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の撮像プローブ。
- さらに、外力がないときに前記傾斜可能な部材が向く方向から前記傾斜可能な部材を離すために、前記傾斜可能な部材に力を加えるよう構成された復元機構を具えることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角の変化が前記反射エネルギの対応する変化をもたらすように、前記走査機構の面からの撮像エネルギビームの反射によって生成された反射エネルギを受信するよう構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記傾斜可能な部材が磁石を有しており、前記走査機構が電磁石を有しており、この電磁石が前記傾斜可能な部材から前記磁石が前記電磁石と相互作用するよう十分に近接した間隔で設けられており、前記電磁石が電磁石の電源に接続可能であり、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角が、前記電磁石に印加される電力の関数となっていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 撮像プローブであって、
中空のシャフトと;
前記中空のシャフトの中に少なくとも部分的に配置された回転可能なコンジットと;
前記回転可能なコンジットの近位部から離れた位置で前記回転可能なコンジットに機械的に結合し回転軸を有する走査機構であって、前記回転可能なコンジットが前記回転軸を中心として前記走査機構に回転運動を与えるよう構成され、前記走査機構が前記走査機構から放出される撮像ビームの方向を変えるための偏向部材を有し、前記偏向部材が、前記偏向部材の偏向角が前記回転軸に対して可変であるように偏向可能である、走査機構と;
前記走査機構に結合され、前記偏向可能な部材の前記偏向角に応じて信号を生成するよう構成された撮像角度エンコーダと;
前記撮像角度エンコーダに結合され、前記中空のシャフトの近位部に対する前記偏向角に応じて前記信号を送出するために、前記中空のシャフトを通って延在する信号送出チャンネルと;を具え、
前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記偏向部材の偏向角の変化により、反射エネルギビームの対応した変化をもたらすように、前記偏向部材に付随する面に入射エネルギビームを向け、前記面から反射エネルギビームを受信するよう構成されていることを特徴とする撮像プローブ。 - 前記偏向部材が磁石を有しており、前記走査機構が電磁石を有しており、この電磁石が前記偏向部材から前記磁石が前記電磁石と相互作用するよう十分に近接した間隔で設けられており、前記電磁石が電磁石の電源に接続可能であり、前記偏向部材の偏向角が、前記電磁石に印加される電力の関数となっていることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 医療用プローブであって、
中空のシャフトと;
前記中空のシャフトの中に少なくとも部分的に配置された回転可能なコンジットと;
前記回転可能なコンジットの近位部から離れた位置で前記回転可能なコンジットに機械的に結合し回転軸を有する走査機構であって、前記回転可能なコンジットが前記回転軸を中心として前記走査機構に回転運動を与えるよう構成され、前記走査機構の走査方向を変えるよう構成された傾斜可能な部材を有し、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角が前記回転軸に対して可変であるように、前記傾斜可能な部材が傾斜可能である、走査機構と;
前記走査機構に結合され、前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角に応じて信号を生成するよう構成された角度エンコーダと;
前記角度エンコーダに結合され、前記中空のシャフトの近位部に対する前記傾斜角に応じて前記信号を送出するために、前記中空のシャフトを通って延在する信号送出チャンネルと;を具え、
前記角度エンコーダが、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角の変化により、反射エネルギビームの対応した変化をもたらすように、前記傾斜可能な部材に付随する面に入射エネルギビームを向け、前記面から反射エネルギビームを受信するよう構成されていることを特徴とする医療用プローブ。 - 前記傾斜可能な部材が磁石を有しており、前記走査機構が電磁石を有しており、この電磁石が前記傾斜可能な部材から前記磁石が前記電磁石と相互作用するよう十分に近接した間隔で設けられており、前記電磁石が電磁石の電源に接続可能であり、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角が、前記電磁石に印加される電力の関数となっていることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の医療用プローブ。
- 撮像プローブであって、
中空のシャフトと;
前記中空のシャフトの中に少なくとも部分的に配置された撮像コンジットと;
前記撮像コンジットの近位部から離れた位置で前記撮像コンジットに機械的に結合する走査機構であって、前記走査機構から放出される撮像ビームの方向を変えるよう構成された傾斜可能な部材を有し、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角が前記位置で前記撮像コンジットの軸に対して可変であるように前記傾斜可能な部材が傾斜可能である、走査機構と;
前記走査機構に結合され、前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角に応じて信号を生成するよう構成された撮像角度エンコーダと;
前記撮像角度エンコーダに結合され、前記中空のシャフトの近位部に対する前記傾斜角に応じて前記信号を送出するために、前記中空のシャフトを通って延在する信号送出チャンネルと;を具え、
前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角の変化により、反射エネルギビームの対応した変化をもたらすように、前記傾斜可能な部材に付随する面に入射エネルギビームを向け、前記面から反射エネルギビームを受信するよう構成されていることを特徴とする撮像プローブ。 - 前記傾斜可能な部材が磁石を有しており、前記走査機構が電磁石を有しており、この電磁石が前記傾斜可能な部材から前記磁石が前記電磁石と相互作用するよう十分に近接した間隔で設けられており、前記電磁石が電磁石の電源に接続可能であり、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角が、前記電磁石に印加される電力の関数となっていることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、傾斜角に関連する音響反射を検出するよう構成された超音波撮像角度エンコーダであることを特徴とする請求項22又は23に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角の変化により、反射光ビームの対応した変化をもたらすように、前記傾斜可能な部材に付随する面に入射光ビームを向け、前記面から反射光ビームを受信するよう構成された光撮像角度エンコーダであることを特徴とする請求項22又は23に記載の撮像プローブ。
- 回転運動の際にエネルギビームを向けるための走査デバイスであって、
回転軸を有する回転部品であって、前記回転軸の周りを回転するよう構成された回転部品と;
前記回転部品に結合され、エネルギビームを与えるよう構成されたエネルギ放出デバイスと;
前記回転部品の前記回転軸に対して可変の角度でエネルギビーム経路に沿って前記エネルギビームを向けるよう構成された可動部材と;
前記回転部品に結合され、前記可動部材の前記可変の角度に応じて信号を生成するよう構成された角度エンコーダと;を具え、
前記角度エンコーダが、前記可動部材の前記可変の角度の変化により、反射エネルギビームの対応した変化をもたらすように、前記可動部材に付随する面に入射エネルギビームを向け、前記面から反射エネルギビームを受信するよう構成されていることを特徴とする走査デバイス。 - 前記可動部材が磁石を有しており、前記回転部品が電磁石を有しており、この電磁石が前記可動部材から前記磁石が前記電磁石と相互作用するよう十分に近接した間隔で設けられており、前記電磁石が電磁石の電源に接続可能であり、前記可動部材の前記可変の角度が、前記電磁石に印加される電力の関数となっていることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の走査デバイス。
- 撮像プローブであって、
シャフトと;
前記シャフトの中に少なくとも部分的に配置された撮像コンジットと;
前記撮像コンジットの近位部から離れた位置で前記撮像コンジットに機械的に結合された走査機構であって、前記走査機構から放出される撮像ビームの方向を変えるよう構成された傾斜可能な部材を有し、前記傾斜可能な部材が、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角が前記位置で前記撮像コンジットの軸に対して変えることができるように傾斜可能な、走査機構と;
前記走査機構に結合され、前記傾斜可能な部材の前記傾斜角に応じて信号を生成するよう構成された撮像角度エンコーダと;
前記撮像角度エンコーダに結合され、前記シャフトを通って延在し、前記傾斜角に応じた前記信号を前記シャフトの近位部に送出するための信号送出チャンネルと;を具え、
前記撮像角度エンコーダが、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角の変化により、反射エネルギビームの対応した変化をもたらすように、前記傾斜可能な部材に付随する面に入射エネルギビームを向け、前記面から反射エネルギビームを受信するよう構成されていることを特徴とする撮像プローブ。 - 前記傾斜可能な部材が磁石を有しており、前記走査機構がさらに電磁石を有しており、この電磁石が前記傾斜可能な部材から前記磁石が前記電磁石と相互作用するよう十分に近接した間隔で設けられており、前記電磁石が電磁石の電源に接続可能であり、前記傾斜可能な部材の傾斜角が、前記電磁石に印加される電力の関数となっていることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の撮像プローブ。
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