JP5948532B2 - 超吸収性ポリマー及び超吸収性ポリマーをベースとする再生可能な原料 - Google Patents
超吸収性ポリマー及び超吸収性ポリマーをベースとする再生可能な原料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5948532B2 JP5948532B2 JP2013083711A JP2013083711A JP5948532B2 JP 5948532 B2 JP5948532 B2 JP 5948532B2 JP 2013083711 A JP2013083711 A JP 2013083711A JP 2013083711 A JP2013083711 A JP 2013083711A JP 5948532 B2 JP5948532 B2 JP 5948532B2
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- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
a.グリセリンを脱水反応してアクロレイン含有脱水反応生成物を得るステップと、
b.上記脱水反応生成物を気相酸化してアクリル酸含有モノマーガスを得るステップと、
c.上記モノマーガスをクエンチ剤と接触させてアクリル酸含有クエンチ相を得るステップと、
d.上記クエンチ相を精製し、アクリル酸含有モノマー相を得るステップ。
それにより、脱水反応の間、液相a1及び気相a2が生じ、液相a1において複数のガス泡が発生する。
A.グリセリンを脱水反応してアクロレイン含有脱水反応生成物を得るステップと、
B.上記脱水反応生成物を気相酸化してアクリル酸含有モノマーガスを得るステップと、
C.上記モノマーガスをクエンチ剤と接触させてアクリル酸含有クエンチ相を得るステップと、
D.上記クエンチ相を精製し、アクリル酸含有モノマー相を得るステップと、
E.上記モノマー相を重合、好ましくはラジカル重合させるステップ。
それにより、脱水反応の間、液相a1及び気相a2が生じ、液相a1において複数のガス泡が発生する。
1a.脱水反応器、
2a.気相酸化反応器、
3a.クエンチ装置、
4a.精製装置。
当該脱水反応器はガス泡発生器を有してなる。
i)架橋剤の存在下でアクリル酸を重合させ、ポリマーゲルを形成するステップと、
ii)任意にポリマーゲルを粉砕するステップと、
iii)任意に粉砕されたポリマーゲルを乾燥させ、水吸収性ポリマー構造を得るステップと、
iv)任意に水吸収性ポリマー構造の表層を後処理するステップ。
(A):本願明細書に記載されている試験方法により測定したとき、30×10−7cm3s/g以上の、好ましくは60×10−7cm3s/g以上の、より好ましくは90×10−7cm3s/g以上の、更に好ましくは130×10−7cm3s/g以上の、より更に好ましくは120×10−7cm3s/g以上の、最も好ましくは140×10−7cm3s/g以上の食塩水流れ誘導性(Saline Flow Conductivity(SFC))を有し、
(B):ERT 442.2−02に従って測定したとき、15g/g以上の、好ましくは16g/g以上の、より好ましくは17g/g以上の、更に好ましくは19g/g以上の、より更に好ましくは22g/g以上の、最も好ましくは20g/g以上の0.7psiの圧力に対する吸収力(AAP0.7)を有し、
(C):ERT 441.2−02に従って測定したとき、20g/g以上の、好ましくは21g/g以上の、より好ましくは22g/g以上の、更に好ましくは23g/g以上の、より更に好ましくは27g/g.以上の、最も好ましくは25g/g以上の吸収倍率(CRC)を有する。
(D):ガイドライン67/548/EEC の附則Vによる修飾Sturm−試験に従い測定したときの生分解性が、28日後に少なくとも25%、好ましくは少なくとも35%、最も好ましくは少なくとも45%である(但し一般には、上限が最大75〜95%の値を上回らない)。
実施例1a:
図2の断面A(点線により構成される)を有する装置において、グリセリン水溶液(5%)(事前にリン酸でpH2.3に調整)を液相脱水反応に供給した。58bar及び9分の平均的滞留時間、283℃で、溶液を反応器において加熱した。金属フリットを用いて、窒素を反応器中でバブリングさせた。反応器ボリュームに対する窒素ガスの添加量及び時間は、41Nmlであった。グリセリン転換は61%であり、アクロレインに対する選択性は85.6%であった。
図2の断面Aを有する装置において、グリセリン水溶液(5%)(事前にリン酸でpH2.3に調整)を液相脱水反応に供給した。61bar、9分の平均的滞留時間、285℃で、溶液を反応器において加熱した。金属フリットを用いて、窒素を反応器中でバブリングさせた。反応器ボリュームに対する窒素ガスの添加量及び時間は、41Nmlであった。グリセリン転換は72.1%であり、アクロレインに対する選択性は74.8%であった。
実施例1bは、310時間以上にわたり、窒素供給なしで実施したが、今回は、460時間以上にわたる窒素供給下で実施した。脱水反応器を掃除すると、窒素なしにおける動作の場合には21gの固体状の重合残留物が得られたが、窒素ありにおける動作では、これらの残留物は8gであった。
図4の断面A(点線により構成される)を有する装置において、グリセリン(5%)及びリン酸の水溶液(それぞれ別の熱交換器(19、21)で、283℃の温度の熱油で加熱した)を、液相脱水反応に供給し、またその際、リン酸とグリセリンとの混合物がpH2.3となるように、リン酸の量を調整した。58bar及び9分の平均的滞留時間、283℃で、溶液を反応器において加熱した。金属フリットを用いて、窒素を反応器中でバブリングさせた。反応器ボリュームに対する窒素ガスの添加量及び時間は、41Nmlであった。グリセリン転換は61%であり、アクロレインに対する選択性は85%であった。熱交換器は、400時間後においても完全に機能し、妨害物は存在しなかった。
実施例1dを繰り返したが、但し、リン酸及びグリセリン溶液を、混合物として、熱交換器を通し、そこで加熱した点で異なる。グリセリン転換は63.5%であり、アクロレインに対する選択性は61.3%であった。
アクロレイン合成の後に、実施例1a〜1eにおいて生じたアクロレインの気相酸化を市販の気相酸化反応器で行い、更にクエンチ装置内で水に吸収させた。気相酸化においては、1.5kg/時の事前加熱した空気中の、国際公開第03/051809A1号と同様の15重量%アクロレイン、82重量%水蒸気、及び残りの他の低沸点成分の組成を有する蒸気形態の180〜220℃の高温ガス相を、気相酸化反応器(1.8Lの市販のV−Mo−マルチ酸化物触媒で充填)に供給した。
実施例3.0:表面に反応後架橋を有さないポリマー構造 粉Aの製造:
上記で生成し、蒸留して得たアクリル酸280gを含有するモノマー溶液(70mol%の水酸化ナトリウム、466.8gの水、1.4gのポリエチレングリコール−300−ジアクリレート及び1.68gのアリルオキシポリエチレングリコールアクリル酸エステルで中和済み)を、窒素パージして溶存酸素を除去し、4℃の開始温度となるまで冷却した。開始温度に達した後、反応開始溶液(10gのH2O中の0.1gの2,2’−アゾビス−2−アミジンプロパン−二塩化水素化物、10gのH2O中の0.3gのナトリウム過酸化二硫酸塩、1gのH2O中の0.07gの30%の過酸化水素溶液、及び2gのH2O中の0.015gのアスコルビン酸)を添加した。約100℃の最終温度に達したあと、形成されるゲルを粉砕し、150℃で90分間乾燥させた。乾燥ポリマーは、150〜850μmの粒径を有する粉末となるまで粗く切断し、機械加工し、篩にかけた。ERT 441.2−02に従って測定した結果、粉Aは28.8g/gの吸収倍率を示した。
粉A50gを、Krups−Kitchen−Mixerを用いて、0.5gの炭酸エチレン溶液、0.42gのシリカゾル(バイエル社製の生成物Levasil(登録商標)200(30重量%の固体含量))、及び1.08gの水と十分に混合し、更に180℃にセットされたオーブン中で30分間加熱した。このように得られた粉の特性を、以下の表に示す。
粉A50gを、Krups−Kitchen−Mixerを用いて、0.5gの炭酸エチレン溶液、0.84gのシリカゾル(バイエル社製の生成物Levasil(登録商標)200(30重量%の固体含量))、及び0.66gの水と十分に混合し、更に180℃にセットされたオーブン中で30分間加熱した。このように得られた粉の特性を、以下の表に示す。
実施例3.1において、得られたポリマーを、水溶性小麦デンプン(Roquette社、Lestrem、フランスから市販されているForalys(登録商標)380)と共に、ポリマー:澱粉の重量比=4:1で、乾燥条件下で混合し、Frobel社(ドイツ)製のロールミキサー タイプBTR10で45分間更にホモジナイズした。
実施例4a:
図2の断面A(破線の領域)で示す、脱水反応器としての流動パイプとして設計された装置中に、グリセリン水溶液(5%)とリン酸水溶液(50%)(各溶液を事前に56bar、250℃で熱交換器により加熱)を供給した。脱水反応器において、全反応混合物中のグリセリン濃度が7重量%となるように、材料流を調整した。反応混合物のリン酸濃度を、pH2となるように調整した。加熱した油を用いて、反応器の外壁から反応器内側に向けて、280℃の温度に加熱し、この温度に維持した。反応混合物を反応器から出した後、室温に冷却し、更に圧力を常圧に低下させ、サンプルのガスクロマトグラフィによる分析を可能とした。反応器に、毎時6Lで反応混合物を添加した(反応容積:2L)。
インサート添加なしで、実施例4aの反応器を用いて操作した。8%の転換率で、またアクロレインに対する選択性は79%であった。
実施例4aの反応器において、プレートを流動パイプに導入し、それにより、流動パイプにより形成されるフローチャネルを4つの部分(図7bと比較)に分割した。転換効率を24%に向上でき、またアクロレインに対する選択性は79%であった。
実施例4の反応器の流動パイプに、16本のパイプを有するパイプ束(マルチチューブ)を設けた。このように形成された反応器の回転率は60%であり、またアクロレインに対する選択性は79%であった。
膨潤状態における透過性(生理食塩水流動導電率(Fluid Conductivity)=SFC)の測定は、国際公開第95/22356号に記載の方法に従い実施した。0.9gの超吸収体材料(粒子状、全ての粒子フラクション)を、篩床を有するシリンダ内で秤量し、篩面上に慎重に分配した。超吸収体材料を、0.7psiの圧力で、JAYCO合成尿を用いて1時間膨張させた。超吸収体の膨張高さを測定した後、一定の静水圧で、目盛をつけた貯蔵部から0.118MのNaCl溶液を、膨潤したゲルシート中を流動させた。測定値の間、膨潤したゲルシートを特別な篩シリンダで覆い、それにより、ゲル層の特性に関する測定値の間、ゲルに対する0.118MのNaCl溶液の均一な供給、及び一定の条件(測定温度20〜25℃)を維持した。膨潤した超吸収体に作用する圧力は0.7psiであった。コンピュータ及びバランスを使用して、ゲルシートを通過する液体の量を、時間の関数として、10分間、20秒の間隔において測定した。膨潤したゲルシート中の流速(g/s)は、勾配及び2〜10分以内の流量の、時点t=0における中心点の推定に基づく回帰分析により算出した。SFC値(K)をcm3・s・g−1で、以下の通りに算出した。
L0はゲルシートの厚(cm)であり、
RはNaCl溶液(1.003g/cm3)の密度であり、
Aは測定シリンダのゲル層の上側の表面積(28.27cm2)であり、
ΔPはゲルシートに作用する静水圧(4920ダイン/cm2)であり、
並びにKはSFC値[cm3s g−1]である。
CRCとして表される吸収倍率はERT441.2−02により測定され、“ERT”は“EDANA推奨試験(EDANA recommemded Test)”のことを指し、“EDANA”とは欧州不織布協会のことを指す。
AAPと表される0.7psiの圧力に対する吸収は、ERT442.2−02に従って測定する。
生分解性の測定は、ガイドライン67/548/EECの附則Vによる、Sturm試験に従い実施する。
2:脱水反応器
3:気相式反応器
4:クエンチ装置
5:精製装置
6:重合
7:反応物質容器
8:液触媒容器
9:ガス泡発生器
10:ガス導管
11:加熱装置
12:熱交換器
13:分離容器
14:蒸留カラム
15:下部領域
16:上方領域
17:狭小部
18:放出口
19:触媒熱交換器
20:触媒導管
21:反応物質熱交換器
22:反応物質ライン
23:ガス泡
24:流動性インサート
25:減速領域
26:液相
27:相境界
28:気相
29:床
30:リング
31:ループ
32:星型インサート
33:十字インサート
34:マルチチューブインサート
35:反応器壁
36:流動断面
37:流動枠の断面
38:横断円
Claims (10)
- i)アクリル酸であって、
A.グリセリン水溶液を、脱水反応器への添加前に250℃〜310℃の範囲の温度に加熱して、グリセリンを形成するステップと、
B.ステップAの前記グリセリンを脱水反応器に輸送するステップと、
C.ステップBの前記グリセリンを脱水反応に供し、アクロレイン含有脱水反応生成物を得るステップであって、グリセリン濃度が減少する経路に沿って前記脱水反応が生じ、前記経路に沿って圧力変化が生じ、異なる流速となるステップと、
D.前記アクロレイン含有脱水反応生成物を気相酸化し、アクリル酸含有モノマーガスを得るステップと、
E.前記モノマーガスをクエンチ剤と接触させ、アクリル酸含有クエンチ相を得るステップと、
F.前記クエンチ相を精製し、アクリル酸含有モノマー相を得るステップと、
G.前記アクリル酸含有モノマー相を重合させるステップと、
を含む工程によって調製されたものであって、少なくともその25%がグリセリンを原料とするアクリル酸と、
ii)アリルオキシポリエチレングリコールアクリル酸エステルと、
を含む超吸収性ポリマーであって、
前記脱水反応の間、液相a1及び気相a2が存在し、
前記液相a1において、添加ガスの導入によって複数のガス泡が発生し、
前記脱水反応が少なくとも部分的に前記液相で生じ、
前記超吸収性ポリマーが、ガイドライン67/548/EEC の附則Vによる修飾Sturm−試験に従い測定したときの生分解性が28日後に少なくとも25%であって、少なくとも80%の持続性指数を有する、超吸収性ポリマー。 - 以下の特性のうちの少なくとも1つを有する、請求項1記載の超吸収性ポリマー:
(A):30×10−7cm3s/g以上の、食塩水流れ誘導性(SFC)であること、
(B):ERT 442.2−02に従って測定したとき、20g/g以上の0.7psiの圧力に対する吸収力(AAP0.7)であること、又は
(C):ERT 441.2−02に従って測定したとき、20g/g以上の吸収倍率(CRC)であること。 - 超吸収性ポリマーが、超吸収性ポリマーの合計量に対して、少なくとも20重量%の量の、天然の生物分解可能なポリマーを含有する、請求項1又は2記載の超吸収性ポリマー。
- 更に、複数の無機微粒子を含有する、請求項1から3のいずれか1項記載の超吸収性ポリマー。
- 前記無機微粒子が酸素を含有する、請求項4記載の超吸収性ポリマー。
- 前記無機微粒子が金属を含有する、請求項4又は5記載の超吸収性ポリマー。
- 超吸収性ポリマーが架橋された外側領域を有してなる、請求項4から6のいずれか1項記載の超吸収性ポリマー。
- 前記無機微粒子が、前記外側領域の上若しくは内部、又は前記外側領域の上及び内部に存在する、請求項7記載の超吸収性ポリマー。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか1項記載の超吸収性ポリマーと、基質と、を含有するコンポジット。
- 上部シート、下部シート、並びに、請求項1から8のいずれか1項記載の超吸収性ポリマーを含有する、上部シートと下部シートとの間の中間シートからなる衛生用品。
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- 2007-08-22 TW TW096131061A patent/TWI449689B/zh active
- 2007-08-22 CN CNA2007101526809A patent/CN101153003A/zh active Pending
- 2007-08-22 JP JP2009525071A patent/JP5275989B2/ja active Active
- 2007-08-22 BR BRPI0715863A patent/BRPI0715863B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2007-08-22 EP EP07802811.5A patent/EP2061742B1/de active Active
- 2007-08-22 US US12/438,256 patent/US7939597B2/en active Active
- 2007-08-22 WO PCT/EP2007/058745 patent/WO2008023040A2/de active Application Filing
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Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2008023040A2 (de) | 2008-02-28 |
DE102006039205A1 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
ZA200901184B (en) | 2009-12-30 |
BRPI0715863A2 (pt) | 2013-07-30 |
WO2008023040A3 (de) | 2008-06-12 |
JP2013144810A (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
TW200833656A (en) | 2008-08-16 |
TWI449689B (zh) | 2014-08-21 |
US8258249B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 |
US20110144294A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
US7939597B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 |
JP5275989B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
US20090239995A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
EP2061742A2 (de) | 2009-05-27 |
BRPI0715863B1 (pt) | 2017-05-16 |
JP2010501527A (ja) | 2010-01-21 |
CN101153003A (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
EP2061742B1 (de) | 2015-09-30 |
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