JP5930427B2 - パイプの非破壊検査 - Google Patents
パイプの非破壊検査 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/24—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01M3/243—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations for pipes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/222—Constructional or flow details for analysing fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4418—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a model, e.g. best-fit, regression analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2634—Surfaces cylindrical from outside
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
Description
式(20)で与えられる音波の速度は、標準的な教科書において均一な断面を有する円柱状の肉厚の薄いパイプに流体が充満している場合に導出されるものと同じである。
10 主パイプ
12a、12b、12c 消火栓
14 トランスミッタ
15 レシーバ
16 コンピュータ
18 記録媒体
Claims (20)
- 流体を運ぶパイプの非破壊状態検査のための方法であって、
前記パイプの長手方向に離隔された二点を通って伝播する低周波の音響外乱を検知することと、
前記音響外乱の伝播速度を表す実測値を求めることと、
前記パイプが所定の不均一な円周方向肉厚プロファイルの有限肉厚を有すると仮定し、前記パイプの有限肉厚(t)が仮定された最大肉厚(tmax)と仮定された最少肉厚(tmin)との間で角座標において変化すると仮定し、且つ前記パイプの肉厚にわたる応力を考慮する前記パイプ中の音波の伝播の理論モデルを用いて、前記パイプの異なる円周方向位置における肉厚を表す前記パイプの少なくとも一つの肉厚パラメータの関数として、対応する伝播速度の予測値を計算することと、
前記実測値を前記予測値に適合させる事によって前記少なくとも一つの肉厚パラメータを計算することを備えた方法。 - 前記実測値が、前記二点で検知された前記音響外乱の時間遅延を求めること、及び、前記音響外乱のソースから前記二点までの距離の差を前記時間遅延で割って前記実測値を計算することによって求められ、前記時間遅延が、飛行時間法、又は、時間領域或いは周波数領域における相互相関法を用いて求められる、請求項1の方法。
- 前記肉厚パラメータが、前記予測値を与える式に前記伝播速度の実測値を代入することによって計算される、請求項1又は2の方法。
- 前記肉厚パラメータが、動径方向角度の関数としての平均肉厚、最大肉厚、及び最少肉厚からなる群から選択される、請求項1から3のいずれかの方法。
- 既知の肉厚プロファイルを有し前記流体を運ぶ基準パイプに沿って音響外乱の実測伝播速度を測定することと、前記流体の体積弾性率を含む前記理論モデルに用いられる少なくとも一つの定数を計算することを更に含む請求項1から3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記実測値が、前記パイプ中の低周波音響外乱の平均伝播速度である、請求項1から3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記平均伝播速度の実測値が、前記長手方向に離隔された二点の各々に配置されたセンサによって検知された前記音響外乱の時間から計算される、請求項1から3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記仮定された所定の不均一な円周方向肉厚プロファイルが線形である、請求項1から3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記パイプの減衰能を求めることと、前記減衰能から前記パイプの引っ張り強度に関する情報を導出することを更に含む請求項1から3のいずれかの方法。
- 前記二点の間を伝播する前記音響外乱の減衰が求められ、該減衰から前記減衰能が導出される、請求項9の方法。
- 前記減衰能が、前記パイプの基本リング周波数に対応する周波数スペクトルのピーク幅、又は前記パイプに対する機械的な衝撃により誘起される減衰リング振動の対数減衰率から導出される、請求項10の方法。
- 流体を運ぶパイプの非破壊状態検査のための装置であって、
a)前記パイプの長手方向に離隔された二点を通って伝播する低周波の音響外乱を検知するための第一及び第二のセンサと、
b)前記第一及び第二のセンサからの入力を受信して、
(i)前記音響外乱の伝播速度を表す実測値を求め、
(ii)前記パイプが所定の不均一な円周方向肉厚プロファイルの有限肉厚を有すると仮定し、前記パイプの有限肉厚(t)が仮定された最大肉厚(tmax)と仮定された最少肉厚(tmin)との間で角座標において変化すると仮定し、且つ前記パイプの肉厚にわたる応力を考慮する前記パイプ中の音波の伝播の理論モデルを用いて、前記パイプの異なる円周方向位置における肉厚を表す前記パイプの少なくとも一つの肉厚パラメータの関数として、対応する伝播速度の予測値を計算し、
(iii)前記実測値を前記予測値に適合させる事によって前記少なくとも一つの肉厚パラメータを計算するようにプログラムされたプロセッサとを具えた装置。 - 前記有限肉厚が線形に変化すると仮定される、請求項12の装置。
- 前記パイプが配水パイプであり、前記センサが、前記パイプに接続された消火栓、前記パイプに取付けられた制御バルブ、及び、マンホール又は土壌中に掘られた小さなキーホールを介してアクセスされるパイプ壁からなる群から選択された支持素子に取付けられる、請求項12の装置。
- 前記理論モデルが、無限流体の外乱の伝播速度又は前記流体の体積弾性率、前記流体の密度、前記パイプの内径及び肉厚、並びに、前記パイプを形成する材料のヤング率を含む、請求項13又は14の装置。
- 速度の実測から前記理論モデルの少なくとも一つの定数を逆算するために既知の肉厚プロファイルを有する基準パイプを更に含む請求項12の装置。
- パイプに沿って伝播する低周波の音響外乱に応答する複数のセンサから信号を受信して、
対応する音響源から前記センサまでの距離の間の差を、連続する低周波の音響外乱の間の時間遅延で割ることによって、前記音響外乱の伝播速度を表す実測値を計算し、
前記パイプが所定の不均一な円周方向肉厚プロファイルの有限肉厚を有すると仮定し、前記パイプの有限肉厚(t)が仮定された最大肉厚(tmax)と仮定された最少肉厚(tmin)との間で角座標において変化すると仮定し、且つ前記パイプの肉厚にわたる応力を考慮する前記パイプ中の音波の伝播の理論モデルを用いて、前記パイプの異なる円周方向位置において異なる前記パイプの少なくとも一つの肉厚パラメータの関数として、対応する伝播速度の予測値を計算し、
前記実測値を前記予測値に適合させる事によって前記少なくとも一つの肉厚パラメータを計算するようにコンピュータに命令するためのコード化された命令を記憶している記録媒体。 - 前記パイプの有限肉厚(t)が線形に変化すると仮定される、請求項17の記録媒体。
- 既知の肉厚を有する基準パイプに対する測定から前記理論モデルで用いられる定数を計算するように前記コンピュータに命令するための命令を更に含む請求項17の記録媒体。
- 無限流体の外乱の伝播速度及び前記パイプを形成する材料の体積弾性率を含む計算に用いられる既知のパイプパラメータに関する入力定数を受けるために前記コンピュータに入力スクリーンを表示させる命令を更に含む請求項19に記載の記録媒体。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/156,573 US7328618B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2005-06-21 | Non-destructive testing of pipes |
US11/156,573 | 2005-06-21 |
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JP2012262960A Division JP5687262B2 (ja) | 2005-06-21 | 2012-11-30 | パイプの非破壊検査 |
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JP2015083979A JP2015083979A (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
JP5930427B2 true JP5930427B2 (ja) | 2016-06-08 |
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JP2008517287A Pending JP2008544260A (ja) | 2005-06-21 | 2006-06-19 | パイプの非破壊検査 |
JP2012262960A Active JP5687262B2 (ja) | 2005-06-21 | 2012-11-30 | パイプの非破壊検査 |
JP2014238594A Active JP5930427B2 (ja) | 2005-06-21 | 2014-11-26 | パイプの非破壊検査 |
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JP2012262960A Active JP5687262B2 (ja) | 2005-06-21 | 2012-11-30 | パイプの非破壊検査 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7328618B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1896842B1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP2008544260A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2006261535B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2612835C (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ564647A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006136013A1 (ja) |
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