JP5902066B2 - Plane paper folding inspection method and flat paper folding inspection device - Google Patents
Plane paper folding inspection method and flat paper folding inspection device Download PDFInfo
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- JP5902066B2 JP5902066B2 JP2012179694A JP2012179694A JP5902066B2 JP 5902066 B2 JP5902066 B2 JP 5902066B2 JP 2012179694 A JP2012179694 A JP 2012179694A JP 2012179694 A JP2012179694 A JP 2012179694A JP 5902066 B2 JP5902066 B2 JP 5902066B2
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 152
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011101 paper laminate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、一定寸法に裁断された多数枚の平判紙からなる積層物に平判紙の折れ込みが存在するか否かを検査する平判紙の折れ込み検査方法および該方法に用いられる平判紙折れ込み検査装置に関する。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is a flat paper folding inspection method for inspecting whether or not there is a folding of a flat paper in a laminate composed of a large number of flat papers cut to a certain size, and is used in the method. The present invention relates to a flat paper folding inspection apparatus.
一般に、印刷用紙や情報用紙などを製造する製紙工場では、巻取紙を所定の寸法に裁断して得られた平判紙を製品として出荷する場合、多数枚の平判紙からなる積層物をコンベアにて包装機に搬送し、包装機に搬送された積層物を包装紙や包装フィルムなどで包装してから出荷するようにしている。この場合、図５に示すような平判紙の折れ込みが積層物に発生すると、印刷機械やコピー機で紙の送り不良や印刷の不良品の発生などを招くため、多数枚の平判紙を積層してなる積層物に平判紙の折れ込みが存在するか否かを検査する必要がある。 In general, in a paper factory that manufactures printing paper, information paper, etc., when shipping flat paper obtained by cutting a rolled paper into a predetermined size as a product, a laminate made up of a large number of flat paper is used as a conveyor. The laminate is then transported to a packaging machine, and the laminate transported to the packaging machine is packaged with wrapping paper or packaging film before being shipped. In this case, if the folding of the flat paper as shown in FIG. 5 occurs in the laminate, it causes a paper feed failure or a defective printing product in a printing machine or a copying machine. It is necessary to inspect whether or not there is any folding of the flat paper in the laminate formed by laminating.
平判紙の折れ込み検査は、従来、積層物の平判紙積層面を検査員が目視して折れ込みの有無を判断する手法が採られている。この場合、平判紙の積層枚数が数百枚以上になると平判紙の折れ込み部分がその上に積層された平判紙の重みによって潰されてしまい、平判紙の折れ込みを視認することが難しくなり見逃しの発生という問題が発生する。
特許文献１には、チョッパー折り機などで二つ折りにされたシートが鱗重ね状態で搬送されているときにシートの端面部をＣＣＤカメラにより撮像してシート端面部の明度分布画像を得た後、明度分布画像をシートの重ね方向（上下方向）に分割して得られた分割明度分布画像を解析してシートの角折れや破れを検出する技術が記載されている。
Conventionally, a method for inspecting the folding of the flat paper has been adopted in which an inspector visually checks the flat paper laminated surface of the laminate to determine whether or not the paper is folded. In this case, when the number of laminated flat paper sheets is several hundred or more, the folded portion of the flat paper is crushed by the weight of the flat paper laminated thereon, and the folding of the flat paper is visually recognized. This makes it difficult to overlook.
In Patent Literature 1, after a sheet folded in half by a chopper folding machine or the like is conveyed in a scaled state, the end surface portion of the sheet is imaged by a CCD camera to obtain a brightness distribution image of the end surface portion of the sheet. In addition, a technique is described in which a divided lightness distribution image obtained by dividing a lightness distribution image in the sheet stacking direction (vertical direction) is analyzed to detect sheet corner breakage or breakage.
特許文献１に記載された技術によると、鱗重ね状態で搬送されるシートの角折れを検出することは可能であるが、シートの折れた面がカメラ側から見て高さ方向にシートの厚みよりも十分に大きく、かつ一定の面積を持つ必要がある。このため、平判紙の積層枚数が数百枚以上に及ぶ場合には、特許文献１に記載された技術を平判紙の折れ込み検査に適用したとしても平判紙の折れ込みを検知できない可能性がある。
本発明は、上述した問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、多数枚の平判紙からなる積層物に平判紙の折れ込みが存在するか否かを正確に検査することのできる平判紙の折れ込み検査方法および平判紙折れ込み検査装置を提供することを目的とするものである。
According to the technique described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to detect a corner break of a sheet conveyed in a scaled state, but the thickness of the sheet in the height direction when the folded surface of the sheet is viewed from the camera side. Must be sufficiently larger and have a certain area. For this reason, when the number of flat paper sheets is several hundred or more, even if the technique described in Patent Document 1 is applied to the flat paper folding inspection, the folding of the flat paper cannot be detected. there is a possibility.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can be used to accurately inspect whether or not a flat paper fold is present in a laminate composed of a large number of flat papers. An object of the present invention is to provide a paper folding inspection method and a flat paper folding inspection apparatus.
上記課題を解決するために、請求項１の発明は、一定寸法に裁断された平判紙を積層してなる積層物に平判紙の折れ込みが存在するか否かを検査する方法であって、前記積層物の両側に配置された複数の照明装置から前記積層物の平判紙積層面に照明光を前記積層物の横方向から斜めに照射すると共に、前記積層物の両側に配置された複数の撮像装置により前記積層物の平判紙積層面を撮像し、前記撮像装置により撮像された平判紙積層面の画像の端から順に検査を行う画素を設定し、設定した画素の周囲の平均輝度を算出するための平均輝度算出エリアを前記検査を行う画素の上側と下側に設定すると共に、前記平判紙の折れ込みにより発生する暗部を検出するための暗部検出エリアを前記検査を行う画素の左右両側に設定し、前記検査を行う画素の輝度と前記平均輝度算出エリアの平均輝度との輝度差を第１の基準値と比較すると共に、前記平均輝度算出エリアの平均輝度と前記暗部検出エリアの最低輝度との輝度差を第２の基準値と比較して前記折れ込みの有無を検査することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 is a method for inspecting whether or not there is a fold of the flat paper in a laminate formed by laminating flat paper cut to a certain size. And illuminating illumination light obliquely from the lateral direction of the laminate from a plurality of illumination devices arranged on both sides of the laminate, and arranged on both sides of the laminate. The plurality of imaging devices captures the flat paper laminated surface of the laminate, sets pixels to be inspected in order from the edge of the flat paper laminated surface image picked up by the imaging device, and surrounds the set pixels An average luminance calculation area for calculating the average luminance of the image is set on the upper side and the lower side of the pixel to be inspected, and a dark portion detection area for detecting a dark portion caused by the folding of the flat paper is set in the inspection. set on the right and left sides of the pixel to be, the test The luminance difference between the luminance of the pixel and the average luminance of the average luminance calculation area is compared with a first reference value, and the luminance difference between the average luminance of the average luminance calculation area and the minimum luminance of the dark part detection area is Compared with a reference value of 2, the presence or absence of the folding is inspected.
請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の平判紙の折れ込み検査方法において、前記検査を行う画素の輝度と前記検査を行う画素の上側または下側に設定された平均輝度算出エリアの平均輝度との輝度差が前記第１の基準値より大きく、かつ前記検査を行う画素の上側または下側に設定された平均輝度算出エリアの平均輝度と前記検査を行う画素の左側または右側に設定された暗部検出エリアの最低輝度との輝度差が前記第２の基準値より大きいときに前記積層物に平判紙の折れ込みが存在すると判定することを特徴とする。 請 Motomeko 2 of the invention, in the flat-format paper Orekomi inspection method according to claim 1, the upper or the average luminance calculation area set below the pixel to be the test and the luminance of the pixel to be the test The average luminance of the average luminance calculation area set on the upper side or the lower side of the pixel to be inspected and the left side or the right side of the pixel to be inspected is larger than the first reference value. It is characterized in that it is determined that a flat paper fold is present in the laminate when a luminance difference from the set minimum luminance of the dark area detection area is larger than the second reference value.
請求項３の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の平判紙の折れ込み検査方法において、前記照明装置から前記積層物の平判紙積層面に照明光を前記平判紙積層面に対して３０°〜７５°の照射角度で前記積層物の横方向から照射することを特徴とする。
請求項４の発明は、請求項３に記載の平判紙の折れ込み検査方法において、前記照明光の照射角度をα、前記撮像装置の撮像角度をβとしたとき、α＋１５°≦β≦９０°を満たす条件で前記積層物の平判紙積層面を前記撮像装置により撮像することを特徴とする。
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the flat paper folding inspection method according to the first or second aspect, illumination light is applied to the flat paper laminated surface of the laminate from the illumination device with respect to the flat paper laminated surface. The irradiation is performed from the lateral direction of the laminate at an irradiation angle of 30 ° to 75 °.
The invention of claim 4 is the flat paper folding inspection method according to claim 3 , wherein α + 15 ° ≦ β ≦ 90, where α is the illumination angle of the illumination light and β is the imaging angle of the imaging device. The flat paper laminated surface of the laminate is imaged by the imaging device under a condition that satisfies the above condition.
請求項５の発明は、請求項１〜４のいずれか一項に記載の平判紙の折れ込み検査方法において、前記照明装置から前記積層物の平判紙積層面に指向性を有する照明光を照射することを特徴とする。
請求項６の発明は、一定寸法に裁断された平判紙を積層してなる積層物に平判紙の折れ込みが発生したか否かを検査する装置であって、前記積層物の両側の平判紙積層面に照明光を前記積層物の横方向から斜めに照射する複数の照明装置と、前記積層物の両側の平判紙積層面を撮像する複数の撮像装置と、該撮像装置により撮像された平判紙積層面の画像の端から順に検査する画素を設定し、前記検査する画素の周辺の平判紙積層面の平均輝度を算出するための平均輝度算出エリアを前記検査する画素の上側と下側に設定すると共に、前記平判紙の折れ込みにより発生する暗部を検出するための暗部検出エリアを前記検査する画素の左右両側に設定するエリア設定手段と、前記検査する画素の輝度と前記平均輝度算出エリアの平均輝度との輝度差を第１の基準値と比較すると共に、前記平均輝度算出エリアの平均輝度と前記暗部検出エリアの最低輝度との輝度差を第２の基準値と比較する比較手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
A fifth aspect of the invention is the flat paper folding inspection method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the illumination light has directivity from the lighting device to the flat paper laminated surface of the laminate. It is characterized by irradiating.
The invention according to claim 6 is an apparatus for inspecting whether or not the folding of the flat paper has occurred in the laminated product obtained by laminating the flat paper cut to a certain size, on both sides of the laminated product. A plurality of illumination devices that irradiate illumination light obliquely from the lateral direction of the laminate on the flat paper laminate surface, a plurality of imaging devices that image the flat paper laminate surfaces on both sides of the laminate, and the imaging device The pixels to be inspected are set as the pixels to be inspected in order from the edge of the image of the captured flat paper laminated surface, and the average luminance calculation area for calculating the average luminance of the flat paper laminated surface around the pixel to be inspected Area setting means for setting a dark part detection area for detecting a dark part caused by folding of the flat paper on both right and left sides of the pixel to be inspected, Luminance of luminance and average luminance of the average luminance calculation area The difference with comparing the first reference value, characterized in that a comparison means for comparing the luminance difference between average luminance and the minimum luminance of the dark portion detection area of the average luminance calculating area and the second reference value And
本発明によれば、平判紙の折れ込み部分の視認が困難な場合や積層物の平判紙積層面に段差やうねりがある場合でも平判紙の折れ込みを検知することが可能となるので、多数枚の平判紙からなる積層物に平判紙の折れ込みが存在するか否かを正確に検査することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to detect the folding of the flat paper even when it is difficult to visually recognize the folded portion of the flat paper or when there is a step or undulation on the flat paper lamination surface of the laminate. Therefore, it is possible to accurately inspect whether or not there is any folding of the flat paper in the laminate composed of a large number of flat paper.
以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
図１は、本発明を実施するときに用いられる平判紙折れ込み検査装置の一例を示す図である。図１に示される平判紙折れ込み検査装置は多数枚の平判紙１からなる積層物２に平判紙の折れ込みが存在するか否かを検査するものであって、積層物搬送機構３、照明装置４１，４２，４３，４４、撮像装置５１，５２、撮像角度調整機構６１，６２、撮像装置移動機構７１，７２、幅方向駆動機構９１，９２および画像処理装置１０を備えている。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a flat paper folding inspection apparatus used when carrying out the present invention. The flat paper folding inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 1 inspects whether or not there is any folding of a flat paper in a laminate 2 made up of a large number of flat papers 1 and includes a laminate transport mechanism. 3, illumination devices 41, 42, 43, 44, imaging devices 51, 52, imaging angle adjustment mechanisms 61, 62, imaging device moving mechanisms 71, 72, width direction driving mechanisms 91, 92, and image processing device 10. .
積層物搬送機構３は積層物２を搬送するものであって、例えばローラコンベア等から構成されている。
照明装置４１〜４４は積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに照明光を積層物２の横方向から照射するものであって、平判紙積層面２ａに対して３０°〜７５°の角度で照明光が照射されるように積層物２の両側に２つずつ配置されている。なお、照明装置４１〜４４の光源としては指向性を有する光を出射できるもの（例えばＬＥＤ等）を用いることが好ましい。
The laminate transport mechanism 3 transports the laminate 2 and is composed of, for example, a roller conveyor.
The illuminating devices 41 to 44 irradiate the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2 with illumination light from the lateral direction of the laminate 2, and have an angle of 30 ° to 75 ° with respect to the flat paper laminated surface 2a. 2 are arranged on each side of the laminate 2 so as to be irradiated with illumination light. In addition, it is preferable to use what can emit the light which has directivity (for example, LED etc.) as a light source of the illuminating devices 41-44.
撮像装置５１，５２は積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像するものであって、下式（１）を満たすように積層物２の両側に配置されている。また、撮像装置５１，５２は複数個（図１（ｂ）で示す本実施形態では６個）のＣＣＤカメラ１１を有し、これらのＣＣＤカメラ１１を積層物２の高さ方向にほぼ等間隔で配置して積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像するように構成されている。
α＋１５°≦β≦９０° …（１）
ただし、α：平判紙積層面に対する照明光の照射角度、β：平判紙積層面に対する撮像装置の撮像角度。また、それぞれの角度の定義を図６（ｂ）に示す。
The imaging devices 51 and 52 image the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2, and are arranged on both sides of the laminate 2 so as to satisfy the following expression (1). The imaging devices 51 and 52 have a plurality of (six in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1B) CCD cameras 11, and these CCD cameras 11 are arranged at almost equal intervals in the height direction of the laminate 2. The flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2 is arranged so as to be imaged.
α + 15 ° ≦ β ≦ 90 ° (1)
Where α is the irradiation angle of the illumination light with respect to the flat paper laminated surface, and β is the imaging angle of the imaging device with respect to the flat paper laminated surface. Moreover, the definition of each angle is shown in FIG.6 (b).
撮像角度調整機構６１，６２は撮像装置５１，５２の撮像角度βを調整するものであって、撮像装置５１，５２と同様に積層物２の両側に配置されている。
撮像装置移動機構７１，７２は照明装置４１〜４４、撮像装置５１，５２及び撮像角度調整機構６１，６２を積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａと平行に水平移動させるものであって、例えばスライダを左右方向に送り駆動するボールねじや、ボールねじを駆動するボールねじ駆動モータ等から構成されている。
The imaging angle adjustment mechanisms 61 and 62 adjust the imaging angle β of the imaging devices 51 and 52, and are arranged on both sides of the laminate 2 as with the imaging devices 51 and 52.
The imaging device moving mechanisms 71 and 72 horizontally move the illuminating devices 41 to 44, the imaging devices 51 and 52, and the imaging angle adjustment mechanisms 61 and 62 in parallel with the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2, for example, It is composed of a ball screw that feeds and drives the slider in the left-right direction, a ball screw drive motor that drives the ball screw, and the like.
幅方向駆動機構９１，９２は、照明装置４１〜４４、撮像装置５１，５２、撮像角度調整機構６１，６２及び撮像装置移動機構７１，７２を積層物２の幅方向に駆動するものであって、積層物２の両側に配置されている。
画像処理装置１０は撮像装置５１，５２により撮像された平判紙積層面２ａの画像を処理するものであって、例えばＡ／Ｄ変換器１２、記憶装置１３、中央演算処理装置（以下、ＣＰＵという）１４等から構成されている。
The width direction driving mechanisms 91 and 92 drive the illumination devices 41 to 44, the imaging devices 51 and 52, the imaging angle adjustment mechanisms 61 and 62, and the imaging device moving mechanisms 71 and 72 in the width direction of the laminate 2. , Disposed on both sides of the laminate 2.
The image processing apparatus 10 processes an image of the flat sheet laminated surface 2a picked up by the image pickup apparatuses 51 and 52. For example, the A / D converter 12, the storage device 13, a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as CPU) 14) etc.
図２は図１に示した平判紙折れ込み検査装置を用いて平判紙の折れ込みを検査する場合を説明するための図であり、積層物を停止させて撮像装置、照明装置の移動により積層物の側面全範囲の画像を採取する装置の例である。上述した平判紙折れ込み検査装置を平判紙の折れ込みを検査する場合は、図２（ａ）に示すように、例えば照明装置４１〜４４のうち照明装置４１，４２から積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに指向性を持つ照明光（例えばＬＥＤ照明光）を照射する。また、これと同時に、撮像装置移動機構７１，７２により撮像装置５１，５２、撮像角度調整機構６１，６２及び照明装置４１，４２を矢印Ａで示す方向に移動させながら積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像装置５１，５２により撮像する。 FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the case of inspecting the folding of the flat paper using the flat paper folding inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and moving the image pickup apparatus and the illumination apparatus by stopping the laminate. It is an example of the apparatus which extract | collects the image of the side surface whole range of a laminated body. When the above-described flat paper folding inspection apparatus inspects the folding of the flat paper, as shown in FIG. Irradiated illumination light (for example, LED illumination light) is irradiated onto the flat paper laminated surface 2a. At the same time, the image pickup devices 51 and 52, the image pickup angle adjustment mechanisms 61 and 62, and the illumination devices 41 and 42 are moved in the direction indicated by the arrow A by the image pickup device moving mechanisms 71 and 72, and the flat paper of the laminate 2 is used. The laminated surface 2 a is imaged by the imaging devices 51 and 52.
平判紙積層面２ａの一方の端部から他方の端部まで撮像したならば、次に、図２（ｂ）に示すように、照明装置４３，４４から積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに照明光を照射し、撮像装置５１，５２の向きを、照明装置４３，４４の角度から（１）式に示すβとなるように撮像角度調整機構６１，６２により変更する。その後、撮像装置移動機構７１，７２を矢印Ａと逆方向の矢印Ａ'で示す方向に移動させながら積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像装置５１，５２により平判紙積層面２ａの他方の端部から一方の端部まで撮像して折れ込みの検査を行う。 If an image is taken from one end of the flat paper laminate surface 2a to the other end, then the flat paper laminate surface of the laminate 2 from the lighting devices 43 and 44 as shown in FIG. 2a is irradiated with illumination light, and the orientations of the imaging devices 51 and 52 are changed by the imaging angle adjustment mechanisms 61 and 62 so that the angle of the illumination devices 43 and 44 becomes β shown in the equation (1). Thereafter, the planer paper stacking surface 2a of the laminate 2 is moved by the imaging devices 51 and 52 to the planographic paper stacking surface 2a while moving the image pickup device moving mechanisms 71 and 72 in the direction indicated by the arrow A ′ opposite to the arrow A. Folding is inspected by imaging from the other end to one end.
図３は本発明を実施するときに用いられる平判紙折れ込み検査装置の他の例を示し、図３に示される平判紙折れ込み検査装置は、積層物搬送機構３、照明装置４１，４２，４３，４４、撮像装置５１，５２，５３，５４、昇降機構８１，８２、幅方向駆動機構９１，９２および画像処理装置１０を備えている。本例は、積層物のコンベア流れ方向の画像採取は、コンベア側を動かして積層物をピッチ送りしながら行う方式である。 FIG. 3 shows another example of a flat paper folding inspection apparatus used when carrying out the present invention. The flat paper folding inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 3 includes a laminate transport mechanism 3, an illumination device 41, 42, 43, 44, imaging devices 51, 52, 53, 54, elevating mechanisms 81, 82, width direction driving mechanisms 91, 92, and the image processing device 10. In this example, the image collection in the conveyor flow direction of the laminate is performed by moving the conveyor side and pitch-feeding the laminate.
撮像装置５１〜５４は積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像するものであって、式（１）を満たすように積層物２の両側に２つずつ配置されている。
昇降機構８１，８２は照明装置４１〜４４及び撮像装置５１〜５４を上下方向に昇降駆動するものであって、例えばスライダを上下方向に送り駆動するボールねじや、ボールねじを駆動するボールねじ駆動モータ等から構成されている。
幅方向駆動機構９１，９２は照明装置４１〜４４、撮像装置５１〜５４及び昇降機構８１，８２を積層物２の幅方向に駆動するものであって、積層物２の両側に配置されている。
The imaging devices 51 to 54 image the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2 and are arranged two on each side of the laminate 2 so as to satisfy the formula (1).
The elevating mechanisms 81 and 82 drive the lighting devices 41 to 44 and the imaging devices 51 to 54 up and down. For example, a ball screw that feeds and drives the slider in the up and down direction, and a ball screw drive that drives the ball screw. It consists of a motor and the like.
The width direction driving mechanisms 91 and 92 drive the illumination devices 41 to 44, the imaging devices 51 to 54, and the elevating mechanisms 81 and 82 in the width direction of the laminate 2, and are disposed on both sides of the laminate 2. .
画像処理装置１０は撮像装置５１〜５４により撮像された平判紙積層面２ａの画像を処理するものであって、図１に示したものと同様に、Ａ／Ｄ変換器１２、記憶装置１３、ＣＰＵ１４等から構成されている。
図４は図３に示した平判紙折れ込み検査装置を用いて平判紙の折れ込みを検査する場合を説明するための図であり、上述した平判紙折れ込み検査装置を平判紙の折れ込みを検査する場合は、図４（ａ）に示すように、例えば照明装置４１〜４４のうち照明装置４１，４２から積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに指向性を持つ照明光（例えばＬＥＤ照明光）を照射する。また、これと同時に、昇降機構８１，８２を下降させながら積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像装置５１，５２により撮像する。
The image processing apparatus 10 processes an image of the flat sheet laminated surface 2a picked up by the image pickup apparatuses 51 to 54. Like the one shown in FIG. 1, the A / D converter 12 and the storage device 13 are used. CPU 14 and the like.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the case where the flat paper folding inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is used to inspect the folding of the flat paper. 4A, for example, as shown in FIG. 4A, illumination light having directivity from the illumination devices 41 and 42 to the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2 among the illumination devices 41 to 44, for example. (For example, LED illumination light) is irradiated. At the same time, the image pickup devices 51 and 52 image the flat paper laminated surface 2 a of the laminate 2 while lowering the elevating mechanisms 81 and 82.
次に、昇降機構８１，８２が下端まで降りたら、図４（ｂ）に示すように、照明装置４１，４２を消灯し、照明装置４３，４４を点灯させて昇降機構８１，８２を上昇させながら撮像装置５３，５４で積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像する。
昇降機構８１，８２が上端まで上昇したら、照明装置４３，４４を消灯して撮像装置５３，５４の撮影を終了する。この後、図４（ｃ）に示すように、積層物搬送機構３により積層物２を矢印Ａで示す方向に撮像装置の視野幅分搬送する。そして、再度、昇降機構８１，８２を昇降させて図４（ａ）、図４（ｂ）と同様の撮像を行う。
Next, when the lifting mechanisms 81 and 82 are lowered to the lower end, as shown in FIG. 4B, the lighting devices 41 and 42 are turned off, the lighting devices 43 and 44 are turned on, and the lifting mechanisms 81 and 82 are raised. Then, the image pickup devices 53 and 54 image the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2.
When the elevating mechanisms 81 and 82 are raised to the upper end, the illumination devices 43 and 44 are turned off, and the imaging of the imaging devices 53 and 54 is finished. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4C, the laminate 2 is conveyed by the laminate conveyance mechanism 3 in the direction indicated by the arrow A by the visual field width of the imaging device. Then, the elevating mechanisms 81 and 82 are moved up and down again to perform imaging similar to that shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
図６は、積層物の平判紙積層面に照明光を３０°〜７０°の照射角度で照射した場合を説明するための図である。本実施形態のように、積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに照明光を３０°〜７０°の照射角度αで積層物２の横方向から照射すると共に、撮像装置の撮像角度βをα＋１５°≦β≦９０°に設定して積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像すると、積層物２に平判紙の折れ込みが存在する場合、図６に示すように、積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに照射された照明光のうち平判紙１の折れ込み部分１ａの、平判紙積層面２ａ上での折れ点１ｂで正反射した照明光は撮像装置５１，５２（又は５１〜５４）の１つに入射する反射光Ｌｒ１となる。これに対し、折れ込みが無い正常部分では、積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａで正反射した照明光は撮像装置５１，５２（又は５１〜５４）のいずれにも入射しない反射光Ｌｒ２となり、撮像装置５１，５２（又は５１〜５４）に入射する光は平判紙積層面２ａで乱反射した照明光のみとなる。 FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a case where illumination light is irradiated at an irradiation angle of 30 ° to 70 ° on the flat paper laminated surface of the laminate. As in the present embodiment, illumination light is irradiated onto the flat paper laminate surface 2a of the laminate 2 from the lateral direction of the laminate 2 at an irradiation angle α of 30 ° to 70 °, and the imaging angle β of the imaging device is α + 15. When the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2 is imaged with the setting of ° ≦ β ≦ 90 °, if there is a fold in the flat paper in the laminate 2, as shown in FIG. Of the illumination light irradiated onto the flat paper laminate surface 2a, the illumination light regularly reflected at the folding point 1b of the folded portion 1a of the flat paper 1 on the flat paper laminate surface 2a is image pickup devices 51, 52 ( Or the reflected light Lr1 incident on one of 51 to 54). On the other hand, in the normal part where there is no folding, the illumination light specularly reflected by the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2 becomes reflected light Lr2 that is not incident on any of the imaging devices 51 and 52 (or 51 to 54). The light incident on the imaging devices 51 and 52 (or 51 to 54) is only the illumination light irregularly reflected by the flat paper laminated surface 2a.
図６に示す照明光Ｌｒ３は、折れ込みにより生じた空隙内に入り込み、撮像装置５１，５２（又は５１〜５４）で反射光を取り込むことができず、Ｌｒ１，Ｌｒ２に比べＬｒ３は撮像装置で撮像すると暗く写る。従って、平判紙積層面２ａに折れ込みがある場合、その部分には暗（Ｌｒ３）−明（Ｌｒ１）がペアで存在することになる。この暗−明のペアを探索することにより、平判紙１の折れ込み枚数が１枚の場合や、積層物２の高さが１．５ｍ以上と高く、積層物２の重さによって平判紙１の折れ込み部分が押し潰された状態でも平判紙１の折れ込みが積層物２に存在するか否かを正確に検査することが可能となるため、照明光の照射角度と撮像装置の撮像角度を上記の角度に設定した。 The illumination light Lr3 shown in FIG. 6 enters the gap generated by the folding, and the reflected light cannot be captured by the imaging devices 51 and 52 (or 51 to 54). Lr3 is an imaging device compared to Lr1 and Lr2. When captured, the image appears dark. Therefore, when there is a fold in the flat paper laminated surface 2a, dark (Lr3) -bright (Lr1) exists in a pair in that portion. By searching for this dark-light pair, when the number of folded sheets of flat paper 1 is 1, or the height of the laminate 2 is as high as 1.5 m or more, Even when the folded portion of the paper 1 is crushed, it is possible to accurately inspect whether or not the flat paper 1 is folded in the laminate 2, so that the illumination angle of the illumination light and the imaging device The imaging angle was set to the above angle.
図５は平判紙を積層したときに発生する折れ込みの種類を示し、多数枚の平判紙１を積層したときに発生する折れ込みの種類としては、図５（ａ）に示す正方向折れ、図５（ｂ）に示す９０°折れＡ、図５（ｃ）に示す９０°折れＢ、図５（ｄ）に示す逆方向折れなどがある。図６で示した測定原理上、図５（ａ）、（ｂ）と図５（ｃ）、（ｄ）とでは、撮像装置と照明装置の方向（向き）を変える必要がある。これは、撮像装置と照明装置の向きが図５（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す向きでは図６のＬｒ１が撮像装置に入射せず、図５（ｃ）、（ｄ）に示す９０°折れＢや逆方向折れを検出できないためである。従って、図５に示す折れ込みが積層物２に存在するか否かを検査する場合は、図２に示す方法では、撮像装置と照明装置の向きを図２（ａ）に示す向きにした状態で撮像装置と照明装置を移動させながら積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像した後、撮像装置と照明装置の向きを図２（ｂ）に示す向きに変更して積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを再度撮像する必要がある。 FIG. 5 shows the types of folds that occur when flat papers are stacked, and the types of folds that occur when a large number of flat papers 1 are stacked include the positive direction shown in FIG. Folding includes a 90 ° bend A shown in FIG. 5 (b), a 90 ° bend B shown in FIG. 5 (c), and a reverse bend shown in FIG. 5 (d). In the measurement principle shown in FIG. 6, it is necessary to change the directions (directions) of the imaging device and the illumination device in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) and FIGS. 5 (c) and 5 (d). This is because Lr1 of FIG. 6 does not enter the imaging device when the orientation of the imaging device and the illumination device is the orientation shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, and the 90 ° folding shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D is performed. This is because B and reverse folding cannot be detected. Therefore, when inspecting whether or not the folding shown in FIG. 5 exists in the laminate 2, the method shown in FIG. 2 is a state in which the orientation of the imaging device and the illumination device is the orientation shown in FIG. 2, the flat sheet laminated surface 2 a of the laminate 2 is imaged while moving the imaging device and the illumination device, and then the orientation of the imaging device and the illumination device is changed to the orientation shown in FIG. It is necessary to take an image of the paper laminate surface 2a again.
図７は図１及び図３に示す判紙折れ込み検査装置のＣＰＵ１４により処理される画像データの処理フローを示す図、図８はＣＰＵ１４により設定される平均輝度算出エリアと暗部検出エリアの一例を示す図であり、以下、図７及び図８を参照して本発明に係る平判紙の折れ込み検査方法について説明する。
積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａが図１に示す撮像装置５１，５２または図３に示す撮像装置５１〜５４により撮像されると、撮像装置５１，５２（又は５１〜５４）から画像信号が出力される。このとき、撮像装置５１，５２（又は５１〜５４）から出力された画像信号は、Ａ／Ｄ変換器１２でデジタル信号に変換された後、平判紙積層面２ａの画像データとして記憶装置１３に格納される。
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a processing flow of image data processed by the CPU 14 of the sheet folding inspection apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, and FIG. 8 shows an example of an average luminance calculation area and a dark part detection area set by the CPU 14. Hereinafter, the method for inspecting the folding of the flat paper according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG.
When the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2 is imaged by the imaging devices 51 and 52 shown in FIG. 1 or the imaging devices 51 to 54 shown in FIG. 3, an image signal is output from the imaging devices 51 and 52 (or 51 to 54). Is output. At this time, the image signals output from the imaging devices 51 and 52 (or 51 to 54) are converted into digital signals by the A / D converter 12, and then stored as image data of the flat paper laminated surface 2a. Stored in
平判紙積層面２ａの画像データが記憶装置１３に格納されると、画像処理装置１０のＣＰＵ１４は記憶装置１３に格納された画像データを取り込み、ステップＳ１で取り込んだ画像データから折れ込み検査を行う画素を設定する。これは、取り込んだ画像の端から順番に設定する。そして、次のステップＳ２で図８に示すような平均輝度算出エリアＹ１，Ｙ２を、検査を行う画素の上側と下側に設定する。 When the image data of the flat sheet laminated surface 2a is stored in the storage device 13, the CPU 14 of the image processing device 10 captures the image data stored in the storage device 13, and performs a folding test from the image data captured in step S1. Set the pixel to perform. This is set in order from the edge of the captured image. In the next step S2, average luminance calculation areas Y1 and Y2 as shown in FIG. 8 are set on the upper and lower sides of the pixel to be inspected.
平均輝度算出エリアＹ１，Ｙ２は平判紙積層面２ａの検査する画素周辺の平均輝度を算出するためのエリアであり、検査する画素の上側と下側に平均輝度算出エリアＹ１，Ｙ２が設定されると、ＣＰＵ１４は平均輝度算出エリアＹ１，Ｙ２の平均輝度をステップＳ３で算出した後、下式（２）及び（３）で表される輝度差ΔＬA，ΔＬBをステップＳ４で求める。
検査する画素の輝度値−エリアＹ１の平均輝度＝ΔＬA …（２）
検査する画素の輝度値−エリアＹ２の平均輝度＝ΔＬB …（３）
The average luminance calculation areas Y1 and Y2 are areas for calculating the average luminance around the pixel to be inspected on the flat paper laminated surface 2a. The average luminance calculation areas Y1 and Y2 are set above and below the pixel to be inspected. If that, CPU 14 after calculating the average luminance of the average luminance calculation area Y1, Y2 in step S3, determined brightness difference [Delta] L a of the following formula (2) and (3), the [Delta] L B in step S4.
Luminance value of pixel to be inspected−average luminance in area Y1 = ΔL A (2)
Luminance value of pixel to be inspected−average luminance in area Y2 = ΔL B (3)
輝度差ΔＬA，ΔＬBがステップＳ４で算出されると、ＣＰＵ１４は輝度差ΔＬA，ΔＬBが第１の基準値より大きいか否かをステップＳ５，Ｓ６で判定する。第１の基準値は、事前の装置調整で得られた折れ込み画像のデータより求めた輝度差値が設定されている。ここで、輝度差ΔＬA，ΔＬBが第１の基準値以下の場合、ステップＳ１４に進み、検査を行う画素は周辺の画素よりも明るいＬｒ１の候補では無いと認識し、次にＣＰＵ１４はステップＳ１６に進む。ステップＳ１６で撮像装置の撮像範囲を全て検査したかどうかを確認し、残りがある場合はステップＳ１７でＬｒ１の有無を検査する画素を１個ずつ移動させ、再度判定処理を実施し、撮像装置で撮像した全領域を全て検査して行く。撮像装置を複数台設置しているケースでは、全ての撮像装置でその視野範囲内にＬｒ１が存在しなければ、平判紙積層面２ａの全領域でＬｒ１が存在しないと判定し、ステップ１８で平判紙１の折れ込みが積層物２に存在しないことを図示しない表示装置等に出力する。また、輝度差ΔＬA，ΔＬBのいずれかが第１の基準値より大きい場合、ＣＰＵ１４はステップＳ７へ進み、図８に示すような暗部検出エリアＸ１，Ｘ２を、検査する画素の左右両側に設定する。 When the luminance differences ΔL A and ΔL B are calculated in step S4, the CPU 14 determines in steps S5 and S6 whether the luminance differences ΔL A and ΔL B are larger than the first reference value. As the first reference value, a luminance difference value obtained from data of a folded image obtained by prior apparatus adjustment is set. If the luminance differences ΔL A and ΔL B are equal to or smaller than the first reference value, the process proceeds to step S14, where the pixel to be inspected is recognized as not being a candidate for Lr1 brighter than the surrounding pixels, and the CPU 14 then proceeds to step S14. Proceed to S16. In step S16, it is confirmed whether or not the entire imaging range of the imaging apparatus has been inspected. If there is a remaining area, in step S17, the pixel to be inspected for Lr1 is moved one by one, and the determination process is performed again. All the captured areas are inspected. In the case where a plurality of image pickup devices are installed, if Lr1 does not exist within the field of view of all the image pickup devices, it is determined that Lr1 does not exist in the entire area of the flat paper laminated surface 2a. The fact that the folding of the flat paper 1 does not exist in the laminate 2 is output to a display device (not shown). The luminance difference [Delta] L A, if any of the [Delta] L B is greater than the first reference value, CPU 14 proceeds to step S7, the dark portion detection area X1, X2, as shown in FIG. 8, the left and right sides of the pixel to be inspected Set.
暗部検出エリアＸ１，Ｘ２は平判紙１の折れ込みにより発生する暗部（空隙部）を検出するためのエリアであり、検査する画素の左右両側に暗部検出エリアＸ１，Ｘ２が設定されると、ＣＰＵ１４は暗部検出エリアＸ１，Ｘ２の最低輝度をステップＳ８で算出した後、下式（４）〜（７）で表される輝度差ΔＬC，ΔＬD，ΔＬE，ΔＬFをステップＳ９で求める。ここで、暗部検出エリアＸ１，Ｘ２の最低輝度を算出する理由は、平判紙のように高く積層されることによって大きな荷重がかかるケースでは、折れ込み部が押し潰されて暗部の高さ、幅が小さくなるケースが発生し、平均輝度では差が出にくい（感度が低い）ためである。
エリアＹ１の平均輝度−エリアＸ１の最低輝度＝ΔＬC …（４）
エリアＹ１の平均輝度−エリアＸ２の最低輝度＝ΔＬD …（５）
エリアＹ２の平均輝度−エリアＸ１の最低輝度＝ΔＬE …（６）
エリアＹ２の平均輝度−エリアＸ２の最低輝度＝ΔＬF …（７）
The dark part detection areas X1 and X2 are areas for detecting dark parts (gap parts) caused by folding of the flat paper 1. When the dark part detection areas X1 and X2 are set on the left and right sides of the pixel to be inspected, After calculating the minimum luminance of the dark part detection areas X1 and X2 in step S8, the CPU 14 obtains luminance differences ΔL C , ΔL D , ΔL E , and ΔL F expressed by the following equations (4) to (7) in step S9. . Here, the reason for calculating the minimum luminance of the dark part detection areas X1 and X2 is that in the case where a large load is applied due to being stacked as high as flat paper, the folded part is crushed and the height of the dark part, This is because there is a case where the width becomes small, and it is difficult to produce a difference in average luminance (sensitivity is low).
Average luminance of area Y1−Minimum luminance of area X1 = ΔL C (4)
Average luminance of area Y1−minimum luminance of area X2 = ΔL D (5)
Average luminance of area Y2−minimum luminance of area X1 = ΔL E (6)
Average luminance of area Y2−minimum luminance of area X2 = ΔL F (7)
輝度差ΔＬC，ΔＬD，ΔＬE，ΔＬFがステップＳ９で算出されると、ＣＰＵ１４は輝度差ΔＬC〜ΔＬFが第２の基準値より大きいか否かをステップＳ１０〜Ｓ１３で判定する。第２の基準値は、事前の装置調整で得られた折れ込み画像のデータより求めた輝度差値が設定されている。ここで、輝度差ΔＬC〜ΔＬFが第２の基準値以下の場合、検査を行う画素は周辺の画素よりも暗いＬｒ３の候補では無いとステップＳ１４で認識し、次にＣＰＵ１４はステップＳ１６へ進む。ステップＳ１６で撮像装置の撮像範囲を全て検査したかどうかを確認し、残りがある場合はステップＳ１７でＬｒ１の有無を検査する画素を１つずつ移動させ、再度判定処理を実施し、撮像装置で撮像した全領域を検査して行く。撮像装置を複数台設置しているケースでは、全ての撮像装置でその視野範囲内にＬｒ１−Ｌｒ３のペアが存在しなければ、撮像装置で撮像した範囲にはＬｒ１−Ｌｒ３のペアが存在しないとし、全ての撮像装置でその視野範囲内にＬｒ１−Ｌｒ３のペアが存在しなければ、平判紙積層面２ａの全領域で折れ込みが存在しないと判定し、ステップＳ１８で平判紙１の折れ込みが積層物２に存在しないことを図示しない表示装置等に出力する。 When the luminance differences ΔL C , ΔL D , ΔL E , and ΔL F are calculated in step S9, the CPU 14 determines whether the luminance differences ΔL C to ΔL F are larger than the second reference value in steps S10 to S13. . As the second reference value, a luminance difference value obtained from data of a folded image obtained by prior device adjustment is set. Here, when the luminance differences ΔL C to ΔL F are equal to or smaller than the second reference value, it is recognized in step S14 that the pixel to be inspected is not a candidate for Lr3 darker than the surrounding pixels, and then the CPU 14 proceeds to step S16. move on. In step S16, it is confirmed whether or not the entire imaging range of the imaging apparatus has been inspected. If there is a remaining area, the pixel to be inspected for the presence of Lr1 is moved one by one in step S17, and the determination process is performed again. Inspect the entire imaged area. In a case where a plurality of imaging devices are installed, if there is no Lr1-Lr3 pair in the field of view of all the imaging devices, there is no Lr1-Lr3 pair in the range imaged by the imaging device. If there is no Lr1-Lr3 pair in the field of view of all the imaging devices, it is determined that there is no folding in the entire area of the flat paper laminated surface 2a, and the flat paper 1 is folded in step S18. The fact that no inclusions are present in the laminate 2 is output to a display device (not shown).
また、輝度差ΔＬC〜ΔＬFのいずれかが第２の基準値より大きい場合、検査を行う画素（ステップＳ５，Ｓ６によりＬｒ１候補と判定）の左右に周辺の画素より暗いＬｒ３が存在すると認識する。ＣＰＵ１４はステップＳ１５へ進み、明（Ｌｒ１）−暗（Ｌｒ３）のペアが存在すると認識し、ステップＳ１６へ進む。ステップＳ１６で撮像装置の撮像範囲を全て検査したかどうかを確認し、残りがある場合はステップＳ１７でＬｒ１の有無を検査する画素を１つずつ移動させ、再度判定処理を実施し、撮像装置で撮像した全領域を検査して行く。撮像装置を複数台設置しているケースでは、全ての撮像装置の全撮像領域を検査し、Ｌｒ１−Ｌｒ３のペアが１つでも存在していれば、折れ込み有りという検査結果を図示しない表示装置等に出力する。 Also, recognize that any of the luminance difference ΔL C ~ΔL F is greater than the second reference value, Lr3 darker than surrounding pixels on the left and right of the pixel to be inspected (in step S5, S6 determines that Lr1 candidate) is present To do. The CPU 14 proceeds to step S15, recognizes that a bright (Lr1) -dark (Lr3) pair exists, and proceeds to step S16. In step S16, it is confirmed whether or not the entire imaging range of the imaging apparatus has been inspected. If there is a remaining area, the pixel to be inspected for the presence of Lr1 is moved one by one in step S17, and the determination process is performed again. Inspect the entire imaged area. In the case where a plurality of imaging devices are installed, the entire imaging region of all imaging devices is inspected, and if there is even one pair of Lr1-Lr3, a display device that does not show an inspection result indicating that there is a fold. Etc.
折れ込み有りを表示装置等に出力する場合は、画像上のどの位置に折れ込みが存在するかという（Ｌｒ１−Ｌｒ３のペアの画素の位置）情報から、平判紙積層面２ａ面内の位置情報に変換し、折れ込みの有無と位置情報を出力する。この情報から、オペレータは折れ込みを確認し、修正作業を実施する。 When outputting the presence of folding to a display device or the like, the position within the plane paper laminated surface 2a is determined from the information on the position of the folding in the image (the position of the pixel of the pair of Lr1-Lr3). Converts to information and outputs the presence / absence of folding and position information. From this information, the operator confirms the fold and performs correction work.
上述のように、積層物２の両側に配置された照明装置４１〜４４から積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに指向性のある照明光を積層物２の横方向から斜めに照射すると共に、積層物２の両側に配置された撮像装置５１，５２又は５１〜５４により積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａを撮像することにより、折れ込み部が周囲よりも明るく且つその左右が周囲よりも暗くなるという特徴的な状態となり、撮像装置５１，５２又は５１〜５４により撮像された平判紙積層面２ａの画像から折れ込みを認識しやすくなる。これは、その状態をカメラで取込み処理する場合以外に目視検査の場合も折れ込み部が明るく目立つようになるため、認識し易くなる効果がある。このように折れ込み部がカメラでの撮影および目視に対して認識しやすい状態になることで、平判紙１の折れ込み部分の認識が確実となり、平判紙１の折れ込みを正確に検知することが可能となる。 As described above, the illuminating devices 41 to 44 disposed on both sides of the laminate 2 irradiate the illuminating light having directivity to the flat paper laminate surface 2a of the laminate 2 obliquely from the lateral direction of the laminate 2. By imaging the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2 with the imaging devices 51, 52 or 51 to 54 arranged on both sides of the laminate 2, the folded portion is brighter than the surroundings and the left and right sides are more than the surroundings. It becomes a characteristic state that the image becomes dark, and it becomes easy to recognize the fold from the image of the flat paper laminated surface 2a imaged by the imaging devices 51, 52 or 51-54. This has the effect of facilitating recognition because the folded portion becomes bright and conspicuous not only when the state is taken in by the camera but also during visual inspection. In this way, the folded portion is in a state where it can be easily recognized for photographing and visual observation by the camera, so that the folded portion of the flat paper 1 can be reliably recognized, and the folding of the flat paper 1 is accurately detected. It becomes possible to do.
また、平判紙１の折れ込みがない平判紙積層面２ａの平均輝度を算出するための平均輝度算出エリアＹ１，Ｙ２を検査する画素の上側と下側に設定すると共に、平判紙１の折れ込みにより発生する暗部を検出するための暗部検出エリアＸ１，Ｘ２を検査する画素の左右両側に設定し、検査する画素の輝度と平均輝度算出エリアＹ１，Ｙ２の平均輝度との輝度差ΔＬA，ΔＬBを第１の基準値と比較すると共に、平均輝度算出エリアＹ１，Ｙ２の平均輝度と暗部検出エリアＸ１，Ｘ２の最低輝度との輝度差ΔＬC，ΔＬD，ΔＬE，ΔＬFを第２の基準値と比較するという処理により、折れ込みの判断基準が局所的かつ上下・左右それぞれで２重に比較エリアが設定される。これにより、以下のような利点が生じる。すなわち、積層物２の高さが例えば１．８ｍ、幅が例えば１．３ｍである場合、積層物２の平判紙積層面全体を均一な明るさで照明することは非常に困難である。特に積層物２にうねりや段差がある場合は、照明と積層物側面（平判紙積層面）と撮像装置の配置関係が変化してしまい、撮像装置で撮像される積層物側面の明るさがうねりや段差によって変化してしまう。 Further, the average luminance calculation areas Y1 and Y2 for calculating the average luminance of the flat paper laminated surface 2a where the flat paper 1 is not folded are set above and below the pixel to be inspected, and the flat paper 1 Are set on the left and right sides of the pixel to be inspected, and a luminance difference ΔL between the luminance of the pixel to be inspected and the average luminance of the average luminance calculation areas Y1 and Y2 is set. A and ΔL B are compared with the first reference value, and luminance differences ΔL C , ΔL D , ΔL E and ΔL F between the average luminance of the average luminance calculation areas Y1 and Y2 and the lowest luminance of the dark area detection areas X1 and X2 are compared. Is compared with the second reference value, so that the comparison criteria are set in a double manner, with the determination criterion of folding being locally and vertically and horizontally. This produces the following advantages. That is, when the height of the laminate 2 is, for example, 1.8 m and the width is, for example, 1.3 m, it is very difficult to illuminate the entire flat paper laminate surface of the laminate 2 with uniform brightness. In particular, when the laminate 2 has undulations or steps, the arrangement relationship between the illumination, the side surface of the laminate (flat paper laminate surface), and the imaging device changes, and the brightness of the side of the laminate imaged by the imaging device changes. It changes depending on the swell and level difference.
本検査方法では、平均輝度算出エリアと暗部検出エリアを検査画素の直近数ミリの位置に設定し、その中で判断を行う。前述のように、うねりなどで明るさが変化しても、上下及び左右の両方向とも数ミリの狭い範囲しか見ない（局所的）ため、その範囲内では照明（明るさ）は均一であると考えられ、安定した検査を行うことができる。 In this inspection method, the average luminance calculation area and the dark part detection area are set at a position of the nearest several millimeters of the inspection pixel, and a determination is made therein. As mentioned above, even if the brightness changes due to swell, etc., only a narrow range of several millimeters is seen in both the top and bottom and left and right directions (local), so that the illumination (brightness) is uniform within that range. Possible and stable inspection can be performed.
また、段差の場合は段差の上と下で明るさが急激に変化してしまうが、この場合、平均輝度エリアを検査画素の上下に設定しているため、折れ込みが段差の上側にあれば上側の平均輝度エリアで、また折れ込みが段差の下側にあれば下側の平均輝度エリアで折れ込みを検出することができる。このように積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに段差やうねりがある場合でも平判紙１の折れ込みを正確に検知することが可能となる。 In the case of a step, the brightness changes suddenly above and below the step. In this case, since the average luminance area is set above and below the inspection pixel, if the fold is above the step, If the fold is in the average luminance area and the fold is below the step, the fold can be detected in the lower average luminance area. Thus, even when there is a step or undulation on the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2, it is possible to accurately detect the folding of the flat paper 1.
本装置の照明方法により、折れ込みが周囲より明るくなり、その左右が折れ込みの浮き上がりにより周囲より暗くなるという特徴を持つため、輝度差ΔＬAまたは輝度差ΔＬBが第１の基準値より大きく、かつ輝度差ΔＬC，ΔＬD，ΔＬE，ΔＬFのいずれかが第２の基準値より大きいときに積層物２に平判紙の折れ込みが存在すると判定することで、多数枚の平判紙１からなる積層物２に平判紙１の折れ込みが存在するか否かを正確に検査することができる。 The illumination method of the present apparatus, Orekomi becomes brighter than the surrounding, to have a feature that becomes darker than the surrounding by lifting the left and right Orekomi, the luminance difference [Delta] L A or the luminance difference [Delta] L B greater than the first reference value In addition, when any of the luminance differences ΔL C , ΔL D , ΔL E , and ΔL F is greater than the second reference value, it is determined that there is a fold of the flat paper in the laminate 2, thereby It is possible to accurately inspect whether or not the flat paper 1 is folded in the laminate 2 made of the paper 1.
また、上述した本実施形態のように、積層物２の平判紙積層面２ａに指向性を有する照明光を照射することで、単に折れ込み部分で発生した正反射光Ｌｒ１のみを観察するのではなく、暗（Ｌｒ３）−明（Ｌｒ１）のペアで折れ込みを検知することが可能となり、これにより、大きな紙粉の付着や紙痛みなどによる凹凸が平判紙積層面に生じ、平判紙積層面に生じた凹凸によって周囲より明るい点や暗い点が単独で存在していても、紙粉の付着や紙痛みなどによる影響を受けることなく折れ込みの有無を正確に検査することができる。 Further, as in the present embodiment described above, only the regular reflection light Lr1 generated at the folded portion is observed by irradiating the illuminating light having directivity to the flat paper laminated surface 2a of the laminate 2. Rather than the dark (Lr3) -bright (Lr1) pair, it is possible to detect folding, which causes unevenness due to large paper dust adhesion or paper pain on the flat paper laminate surface. Even if bright spots and dark spots exist alone due to unevenness on the paper lamination surface, it is possible to accurately inspect the presence or absence of folding without being affected by adhesion of paper dust or paper pain. .
なお、上述した本発明の一実施形態では、平判紙積層面の画像を処理する画像処理装置として、撮像装置から出力された画像信号をデジタル信号に変換するＡ／Ｄ変換器を有するものを示したが、これに限られるものではなく、例えば撮像装置内で画像信号をデジタル化して画像処理装置に出力するようにしても良い。 In the embodiment of the present invention described above, an image processing apparatus that processes an image on a flat paper laminated surface has an A / D converter that converts an image signal output from an imaging apparatus into a digital signal. Although shown, it is not restricted to this, For example, you may make it digitize an image signal within an imaging device, and may output it to an image processing apparatus.
１…平判紙
２…積層物
２ａ…平判紙積層面
３…積層物搬送機構
４１，４２，４３，４４…照明装置
５１，５２，５３，５４…撮像装置
６１，６２…撮像角度調整機構
７１，７２…撮像装置移動機構
８１，８２…昇降機構
９１，９２…幅方向駆動機構
１０…画像処理装置
１１…ＣＣＤカメラ
１２…Ａ／Ｄ変換器
１３…記憶装置
１４…中央演算処理装置（ＣＰＵ）
Ｙ１，Ｙ２…平均輝度算出エリア
Ｘ１，Ｘ２…暗部検出エリア
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Flat paper 2 ... Laminate 2a ... Flat paper laminated surface 3 ... Laminate conveyance mechanism 41, 42, 43, 44 ... Illumination device 51, 52, 53, 54 ... Imaging device 61, 62 ... Imaging angle adjustment mechanism 71, 72 ... Imaging device moving mechanism 81, 82 ... Elevating mechanism 91, 92 ... Width direction driving mechanism 10 ... Image processing device 11 ... CCD camera 12 ... A / D converter 13 ... Storage device 14 ... Central processing unit (CPU) )
Y1, Y2 ... average luminance calculation area X1, X2 ... dark area detection area
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| JP3834692B2 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2006-10-18 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Sheet monitoring apparatus, sheet conveying apparatus, and sheet monitoring method |
| JP2002243655A (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-28 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Method and equipment for visual inspection of electronic component |
| JP2005249415A (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-15 | Seiko Epson Corp | Stain defect detecting method and stain defect detector |
| JP5116462B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2013-01-09 | Ｊｆｅ電制株式会社 | Quality evaluation device for paper cut surface and quality evaluation method using the same |
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