JP5889802B2 - 燃料反応性成層を介したエンジンの燃焼制御 - Google Patents
燃料反応性成層を介したエンジンの燃焼制御 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
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Description
米国エネルギー庁(DOE)No.DE-FC26-06NT42628
米国エネルギー庁(DOE)No.DE-AC04-94AL85000。米国政府は、本発明についてのある権利を有する。
を示す。興味深いことに、BTDC約40゜のSOIにおいて、HCおよびISFCのピーク、ならびに(ほぼ)プラトーなCOが認められる。大凡図1に示すような形状の燃焼チャンバを有する対象エンジンの場合、これは、ボア径の63%の噴射先端浸透に対応し、この値は、ピストンのボウルの端部に近い。BTDC40゜以降の噴射タイミングでは、燃焼は、サイクルの極めて初期に生じ、CA50(50%の熱放出)はTDC前に生じ、これにより、燃料消費およびNOx放出が上昇する(高温では、HCの酸化が促進されるものの)。しかしながら、噴射タイミングは、BTDC40゜を超えて進んでいるため、エンジンが新たな燃焼領域に入った際に、HC、CO、およびISFCの大きな抑制が観察される。高反応性および低反応性領域の間の成層によって、より最適に調整された燃焼が得られる(噴射先端浸透がボア径の約70%よりも大きい場合に生じ、これにより、燃焼チャンバの外側の約1/3に、自己点火高反応性領域が生じる)。図4には、別の詳細を示す。図には、ガソリンおよびディーゼル燃料の(計算)分布が示されている。高反応性燃料混合気は、40゜BTDCと60゜BTDCで注入される。評価試験に使用される作動条件の場合、計算結果から、完全燃焼は、局部的な燃料混合が約90%ガソリン未満のときにのみ得られることが示されている。BTDC40゜のSOIでは、ディーゼル燃料は、燃焼チャンバの外側領域に浸透せず、従って、ボウルの端部上に高反応性領域が得られ、ここで、点火が開始される(およびより中央配置の点火により、チャンバの残りの部分に、より迅速に伝播すると考えられる)。しかしながら、噴射タイミングがBTDC60゜に前進すると、燃焼チャンバの外側領域に、より反応性の燃料が導入され、ここに点火サイトが形成され、より最適なHC、CO、およびISFCを与える燃焼タイミングおよび継続が得られる。更なる研究では、BTDC40゜という極めて前進した噴射タイミング、すなわち、非一般的な初期時間での少なくとも第1の高反応性混合気の噴射では、概して優れた結果が得られることが示されている。
本発明で得られる放出は、従来のシステムに比べて低減されるため、方式の実施に使用される機器は、作動寿命が長く、および/またはより低コストで変更することができる。
Claims (18)
- 内部燃焼エンジン用の圧縮点火燃焼方法であって、
当該方法は、
a 内部燃焼エンジンの燃焼チャンバに、エンジンサイクル中に、初期燃料混合気を供給するステップと、
b その後、前記エンジンサイクル中に、前記燃焼チャンバに後続の燃料混合気を供給するステップであって、前記後続の燃料混合気は、前記初期燃料混合気とは異なる反応性を有するステップと、
を有し、
(1)前記初期燃料混合気および前記後続の燃料混合気の一方は、第1の燃料を有し、
(2)前記初期燃料混合気および前記後続の燃料混合気の他方は、前記第1の燃料と、該第1の燃料の反応性を変える添加剤との混合物を含み、
前記初期燃料混合気は、上死点(TDC)前に、十分、前記燃焼チャンバに供給され、
圧縮ストロークが半分完遂した際に、前記初期燃料混合気は、前記燃焼チャンバ内に少なくとも実質的に均一に分散され、
前記後続の燃料混合気は、上死点(TDC)前40゜またはより大きな角度で、前記燃焼チャンバ内に供給され、
前記後続の燃料混合気の前記燃焼チャンバへの供給により、前記燃焼チャンバ内に燃料反応性の成層分布が得られ、最も高い燃料反応性の領域は、最も低い燃料反応性の領域と分離され、
前記後続の燃料混合気は、前記燃焼チャンバ内での点火の前に、前記燃焼チャンバに供給されることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記領域は、燃料燃焼の開始および継続が、
(1)NOx放出が1.0g/kW・h未満となり、
(2)スート放出が0.1g/kW・h未満となるように、前記燃焼チャンバ内に分布されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記領域は、燃料燃焼の開始および継続によって、
(1)48%を超えるエンジンの正味の指示熱効率、および
(2)51%を超えるエンジンの指示総熱効率
の1または2以上が提供されるように、前記燃焼チャンバ内に分布されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記領域は、前記燃焼チャンバ内に分布され、
(1)1.0g/kW・h未満のNOx放出、
(2)0.1g/kW・h未満のスート放出、および
(3)51%を超えるエンジンの指示総熱効率
が提供されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記燃料混合気が供給され、燃焼し、上死点(TDC)で、または上死点後に、ピークシリンダ圧力が得られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料混合気が供給され、燃焼され、上死点(TDC)とTDC後20゜の間に、ピークシリンダ圧力が得られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料混合気が供給され、燃焼され、上死点(TDC)後約5゜から15゜の間に、ピークシリンダ圧力が得られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料混合気が供給され、燃焼され、上死点(TDC)後約0゜から10゜の間に、CA50が得られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記後続の燃料混合気は、圧縮ストローク中、前記燃焼チャンバに供給されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記後続の燃料混合気は、上死点(TDC)前180゜から40゜の間で、前記燃焼チャンバ内に供給されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- a 前記初期燃料混合気は、インテークポートを介して前記燃焼チャンバに供給され、
b 前記後続の燃料混合気は、直接噴射により、前記燃焼チャンバに供給されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記燃焼チャンバには、異なる時間で、2または3以上の後続の燃料混合気が供給され、
前記後続の燃料混合気は、
a 前記燃焼チャンバに
(1)前記燃焼チャンバのインテークポート開口の閉止、および
(2)上死点前約40゜
の間で、噴射された第1の後続の燃料混合気と、
b 前記第1の後続の燃料混合気の後、前記燃焼チャンバに噴射された第2の後続の燃料混合気と、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記燃焼チャンバに、異なる時間で、2または3以上の後続の燃料混合気が供給され、
前記後続の燃料混合気は、
a 第1の後続の燃料混合気であって、少なくとも主要な部分は、前記燃焼チャンバを部分的に区画するピストン面の外径または外径近傍に配置された外側領域に向かって噴射される、第1の後続の燃料混合気と、
b 前記初期燃料混合気の後、前記燃焼チャンバに供給される、第2の後続の燃料混合気であって、少なくとも主要な部分は、前記ピストン面の外径から内側に離間した内側領域に向かって噴射される、第2の後続の燃料混合気と、
を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記燃焼チャンバに、異なる時間で、2または3以上の後続の燃料混合気が供給され、
前記後続の燃料混合気は、
a 第1の後続の燃料混合気であって、少なくとも主要な部分は、前記燃焼チャンバを部分的に区画するピストン面の直径の外側1/3の外側に配置された領域に向かって噴射される、第1の後続の燃料混合気と、
b 前記初期燃料混合気の後、前記燃焼チャンバに供給される、第2の後続の燃料混合気であって、少なくとも主要な部分は、前記ピストン面の直径の外側1/4の内側に配置された領域に向かって噴射される、第2の後続の燃料混合気と、
を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 内部燃焼エンジン用の圧縮点火燃焼方法であって、
当該方法は、
a 内部燃焼エンジンの燃焼チャンバに、初期燃料混合気を供給するステップと、
b その後、前記燃焼チャンバに、後続の燃料混合気を供給するステップと、
を有し、
(1)前記初期燃料混合気は、上死点(TDC)前に、十分、前記燃焼チャンバに供給され、圧縮ストロークが半分完遂した際に、前記初期燃料混合気は、前記燃焼チャンバ内に少なくとも実質的に均一に分散され、前記後続の燃料混合気は、圧縮ストローク中、前記燃焼チャンバに供給され、
(2)前記初期燃料混合気および前記後続の燃料混合気の一方は、第1のタンクから供給され、
(3)前記初期燃料混合気および前記後続の燃料混合気の他方は、前記第1のタンクおよび第2のタンクの両方から供給され、
前記後続の燃料混合気の前記燃焼チャンバへの供給により、前記燃焼チャンバ内に燃料反応性の成層分布が得られ、最も高い燃料反応性の領域は、最も低い燃料反応性の領域と分離され、
前記後続の燃料混合気は、前記燃焼チャンバ内での点火の前に、前記燃焼チャンバに供給されることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第1のタンクおよび第2のタンクは、反応性の異なる流体を収容することを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 内部燃焼エンジン用の圧縮点火燃焼方法であって、
当該方法は、同じエンジンサイクル内で、
a エンジンサイクル中、内部燃焼エンジンの燃焼チャンバに、初期燃料混合気を供給するステップであって、前記初期燃料混合気は、上死点(TDC)前に、十分、前記燃焼チャンバに供給され、圧縮ストロークが半分完遂した際に、前記初期燃料混合気は、前記燃焼チャンバ内に少なくとも実質的に均一に分散されるステップと、
b その後、圧縮ストローク中、前記燃焼チャンバに、後続の燃料混合気を供給するステップであって、前記後続の燃料混合気は、上死点(TDC)前40゜またはより大きな角度で、前記燃焼チャンバ内に供給され、前記後続の燃料混合気は、
(1)前記初期燃料混合気よりも低い反応性を有し、
(2)前記燃焼チャンバ内に、燃料反応性の成層分布を発生し、最も高い燃料反応性の領域は、最も低い燃料混合気の領域から分離されるステップと、
を実施することを特徴とする方法。 - a 前記初期燃料混合気および前記後続の燃料混合気の一方は、第1の燃料を含み、
b 前記初期燃料混合気および前記後続の燃料混合気の他方は、前記第1の燃料と、該第1の燃料の反応性を変える添加物との混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
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WO2011100027A2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
US9376955B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
US9080501B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 |
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US20140102406A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
US20110192367A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
EP2534352A4 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
EP2534352A2 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
CN102741526B (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
WO2011100027A3 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
US20150292391A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
HK1174376A1 (en) | 2013-06-07 |
US8616177B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
ES2666416T3 (es) | 2018-05-04 |
EP2534352B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
CN102741526A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
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