JP5794982B2 - 電源装置及び充電回路 - Google Patents
電源装置及び充電回路 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5794982B2 JP5794982B2 JP2012514814A JP2012514814A JP5794982B2 JP 5794982 B2 JP5794982 B2 JP 5794982B2 JP 2012514814 A JP2012514814 A JP 2012514814A JP 2012514814 A JP2012514814 A JP 2012514814A JP 5794982 B2 JP5794982 B2 JP 5794982B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- charging
- battery body
- circuit
- power supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims description 196
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 35
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010278 pulse charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
(二次電池体10)
(定電流源発生回路20)
(選択スイッチ切替回路30)
(選択スイッチ31)
(サイリスタ32)
(制御回路40)
(均等化回生動作)
(チョッパ回路)
(実施例2 均等化充電及び均等化回生)
(回生用スイッチ24)
(実施例3)
(実施例4)
(実施例5)
(実施例6)
(実施例7)
(電圧検出手段26)
(タイミングチャート)
10、10A、10B、10C、10D、10N…二次電池体
20…定電流源発生回路
22…充電用スイッチ
23…充電用ダイオード
24…回生用スイッチ
25…回生用ダイオード
26…電圧検出手段
30…選択スイッチ切替回路
31、31A〜31H…選択スイッチ
32、32A〜32H…サイリスタ
40…制御回路
90…充電状態調整装置
91…単位セル
92…均等充電用コンデンサ
93…サイクリック接続手段
EP…外部電源
OT…供給出力端子
IT…供給入力端子
LD…負荷
PC…正極側充電経路
NC…負極側充電経路
L…リアクトル
Claims (7)
- 各々正極と負極を備え、相互に直列接続された複数の二次電池体(10)と、
前記二次電池体(10)を充電するための電力を供給する供給出力端子(OT)と供給入力端子(IT)を備える定電流源発生回路(20)と、
前記定電流源発生回路(20)で各二次電池体(10)に対して、個別に異なる充電電流を供給可能な選択スイッチ切替回路(30)と、
を備える電源装置であって、
前記選択スイッチ切替回路(30)が、各二次電池体(10)と各々に接続され、該二次電池体(10)を充電する充電経路を個別に構成可能な選択スイッチ(31)と、
前記複数の選択スイッチ(31)のON/OFFを制御する制御回路(40)と、
を有し、
前記制御回路(40)が、前記選択スイッチ(31)のON/OFFを制御することにより、任意の二次電池体(10)に対する充電経路を構成すると共に、他の二次電池に対する充電経路を解除するものであり、
前記定電流源発生回路(20)は、
前記供給出力端子(OT)及び供給入力端子(IT)の間に接続されたリアクトル(L)と、
前記リアクトル(L)と直列に接続され、前記制御回路(40)でON/OFFを制御される充電用スイッチ(22)と、
で構成されたチョッパ回路を備えており、
前記チョッパ回路を外部電源(EP)と接続して、前記二次電池体(10)を充電するよう構成しており、
電源装置はさらに、前記リアクトル(L)の両端電圧を検出する電圧検出手段(26)を備えており、
前記制御回路(40)が、任意の二次電池体(10)を、該二次電池体(10)と前記リアクトル(L)とを繋ぐ正極側充電経路(PC)及び負極側充電経路(NC)に配置された各選択スイッチ(31)をそれぞれONに切り替えると共に、他の選択スイッチ(31)をOFFに切り替えることで、該二次電池体(10)のみを前記リアクトル(L)と接続させ、これにより該二次電池体(10)の電池電圧を前記電圧検出手段(26)で検出可能に構成してなることを特徴とする電源装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電源装置であって、
前記制御回路(40)が、時分割で各二次電池体(10)の電池電圧を測定してなることを特徴とする電源装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の電源装置であって、
前記制御回路(40)が、任意の複数の二次電池体(10)を同時に充電するよう前記選択スイッチ(31)をON/OFF制御可能に構成してなることを特徴とする電源装置。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか一に記載の電源装置であって、
前記選択スイッチ(31)が、自己消弧能力のない素子であることを特徴とする電源装置。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一に記載の電源装置であって、
前記選択スイッチ(31)がサイリスタ(32)であることを特徴とする電源装置。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか一に記載の電源装置であって、
前記二次電池体(10)が、複数の電池セルを直列又は並列に接続して構成されてなることを特徴とする電源装置。 - 各々正極と負極を備え、相互に直列接続された複数の二次電池体(10)を充電可能な充電回路であって、
二次電池体(10)を充電するための電力を供給する供給出力端子(OT)と供給入力端子(IT)を備える定電流源発生回路(20)と、
前記定電流源発生回路(20)で各二次電池体(10)を充電するため、
各二次電池体(10)の正極と前記供給出力端子(OT)とを各々接続可能な複数の正極側充電経路(PC)と、
各二次電池体(10)の負極と前記供給入力端子(IT)とを各々接続可能な複数の負極側充電経路(NC)と、
前記正極側充電経路(PC)及び負極側充電経路(NC)に各々設けられた複数のサイリスタ(32)と、
前記複数のサイリスタ(32)のON制御を個別に制御可能な制御回路(40)と、
を備えており、
前記定電流源発生回路(20)は、
前記供給出力端子(OT)及び供給入力端子(IT)の間に接続されたリアクトル(L)と、
前記リアクトル(L)と直列に接続され、前記制御回路(40)でON/OFFを制御される充電用スイッチ(22)と、
で構成されたチョッパ回路を備えており、
前記チョッパ回路を外部電源(EP)と接続して、前記二次電池体(10)を充電するよう構成しており、
充電回路はさらに、前記リアクトル(L)の両端電圧を検出する電圧検出手段(26)を備えており、
前記制御回路(40)が、任意の二次電池体(10)を、該二次電池体(10)と前記リアクトル(L)とを繋ぐ正極側充電経路(PC)及び負極側充電経路(NC)に配置された各選択スイッチ(31)をそれぞれONに切り替えると共に、他の選択スイッチ(31)をOFFに切り替えることで、該二次電池体(10)のみを前記リアクトル(L)と接続させ、これにより該二次電池体(10)の電池電圧を前記電圧検出手段(26)で検出可能に構成してなることを特徴とする充電回路。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012514814A JP5794982B2 (ja) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-10 | 電源装置及び充電回路 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010109711 | 2010-05-11 | ||
JP2010109711 | 2010-05-11 | ||
JP2012514814A JP5794982B2 (ja) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-10 | 電源装置及び充電回路 |
PCT/JP2011/060788 WO2011142369A2 (ja) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-10 | 電源装置及び充電回路 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPWO2011142369A1 JPWO2011142369A1 (ja) | 2013-07-22 |
JP5794982B2 true JP5794982B2 (ja) | 2015-10-14 |
Family
ID=44914778
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012514814A Expired - Fee Related JP5794982B2 (ja) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-10 | 電源装置及び充電回路 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP5794982B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20130079419A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102934317A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011142369A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE112018002809T5 (de) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-03-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Stromversorgungseinrichtung |
CN107444561B (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2022-10-11 | 二工防爆科技股份有限公司 | 一种防爆电动自行车 |
JP6955624B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-10-27 | オッポ広東移動通信有限公司Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. | 複数のセルの充電方法、装置及び電子機器 |
CN112994126A (zh) | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-18 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | 充电电路、电子设备、充电方法和装置 |
US20230055759A1 (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2023-02-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Power supply device and battery pack charging method |
CN112550073B (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 嘉兴东大智宇科技有限公司 | 一种电动叉车用动力电池主动均衡*** |
JP7020737B1 (ja) | 2021-09-16 | 2022-02-16 | 大西 徳生 | 充電制御装置 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07147734A (ja) * | 1993-11-25 | 1995-06-06 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | 直列電池の充電装置 |
JP2000324710A (ja) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-11-24 | Okamura Kenkyusho:Kk | 直並列切り換え型キャパシタ蓄電装置 |
JP2009148149A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-07-02 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | 昇降圧チョッパ回路の制御方法 |
JP2009296820A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | 二次電池の充電制御装置および充電制御方法ならびに電動車両 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005160251A (ja) * | 2003-11-27 | 2005-06-16 | Ntt Power & Building Facilities Inc | 電力供給システム |
CN101645610A (zh) * | 2009-09-03 | 2010-02-10 | 深圳市晖谱能源科技有限公司 | 一种电池均衡充电装置及方法 |
CN101640430B (zh) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-09-14 | 清华大学 | 车用动力电池动态均衡装置及动态均衡方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-05-10 JP JP2012514814A patent/JP5794982B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-10 KR KR1020127031700A patent/KR20130079419A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-10 WO PCT/JP2011/060788 patent/WO2011142369A2/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-05-10 CN CN2011800233256A patent/CN102934317A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07147734A (ja) * | 1993-11-25 | 1995-06-06 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | 直列電池の充電装置 |
JP2000324710A (ja) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-11-24 | Okamura Kenkyusho:Kk | 直並列切り換え型キャパシタ蓄電装置 |
JP2009148149A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-07-02 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | 昇降圧チョッパ回路の制御方法 |
JP2009296820A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | 二次電池の充電制御装置および充電制御方法ならびに電動車両 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2011142369A1 (ja) | 2013-07-22 |
WO2011142369A2 (ja) | 2011-11-17 |
KR20130079419A (ko) | 2013-07-10 |
WO2011142369A3 (ja) | 2012-02-02 |
CN102934317A (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5794982B2 (ja) | 電源装置及び充電回路 | |
EP2115850B1 (en) | Charge equalization apparatus | |
US7061207B2 (en) | Cell equalizing circuit | |
US7378818B2 (en) | Bidirectional power converter for balancing state of charge among series connected electrical energy storage units | |
US8692508B2 (en) | Battery voltage monitoring device | |
JP3706565B2 (ja) | ハイブリッドカー用の電源装置 | |
US9490639B2 (en) | Charge equalization system for batteries | |
EP2605364A2 (en) | Battery pack | |
TW201218576A (en) | Dc power supply device | |
EP3314718B1 (en) | Battery balancing circuit | |
JP6427574B2 (ja) | パワーバッテリーの素子の充電平衡化装置 | |
JP5187406B2 (ja) | 補機バッテリ充電装置 | |
US9083188B2 (en) | Balance correcting apparatus and electricity storage system | |
US20070092763A1 (en) | Fuel cell system | |
Momayyezan et al. | A load-sharing strategy for the state of charge balancing between the battery modules of integrated reconfigurable converter | |
US11894702B2 (en) | Energy transfer circuit and power storage system | |
JP2009148110A (ja) | 充放電器とこれを用いた電源装置 | |
US20210351598A1 (en) | Energy transfer circuit and power storage system | |
Hoque et al. | Voltage equalization for series connected lithium-ion battery cells | |
Kim et al. | Charge equalization converter with parallel primary winding for series connected Lithium-Ion battery strings in HEV | |
JP5604947B2 (ja) | 電源装置及び電圧調整方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20140421 |
|
A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711 Effective date: 20140421 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20140502 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20140421 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20150303 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20150501 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20150728 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20150811 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5794982 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |