JP5790416B2 - Electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell, method for producing the same, and substrate with transparent conductive layer of dye-sensitized solar cell - Google Patents

Electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell, method for producing the same, and substrate with transparent conductive layer of dye-sensitized solar cell Download PDF

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JP5790416B2
JP5790416B2 JP2011241905A JP2011241905A JP5790416B2 JP 5790416 B2 JP5790416 B2 JP 5790416B2 JP 2011241905 A JP2011241905 A JP 2011241905A JP 2011241905 A JP2011241905 A JP 2011241905A JP 5790416 B2 JP5790416 B2 JP 5790416B2
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啓一 佐原
啓一 佐原
金井 敏正
敏正 金井
耕司 池上
耕司 池上
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Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、色素増感太陽電池の電極、その製造方法及び色素増感太陽電池の透明導電層付基板に関する。   The present invention relates to an electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell, a production method thereof, and a substrate with a transparent conductive layer of the dye-sensitized solar cell.

従来、太陽光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する電池として、種々の太陽電池が知られている。例えば、特許文献1には、色素増感太陽電池が開示されている。   Conventionally, various solar cells are known as batteries that convert solar energy into electrical energy. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a dye-sensitized solar cell.

特開2006−49082号公報JP 2006-49082 A

色素増感太陽電池の電極では、基板の上に配された透明導電層の上に、多孔質酸化物半導体層が設けられる。多孔質酸化物半導体層は、高温下で熱処理されることがある。この熱処理などにより、透明導電層と多孔質酸化物半導体層とが剥がれやすくなる場合がある。   In the electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell, the porous oxide semiconductor layer is provided on the transparent conductive layer disposed on the substrate. The porous oxide semiconductor layer may be heat-treated at a high temperature. By this heat treatment or the like, the transparent conductive layer and the porous oxide semiconductor layer may be easily peeled off.

本発明は、透明導電層と多孔質酸化物半導体層とが剥がれにくい色素増感太陽電池の電極を提供することを主な目的とする。   The main object of the present invention is to provide an electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell in which the transparent conductive layer and the porous oxide semiconductor layer are hardly peeled off.

本発明に係る色素増感太陽電池の電極は、透明導電層付基板と、多孔質酸化物半導体層とを備える。透明導電層付基板は、ガラス基板、下地層、及び透明導電層を有する。下地層は、ガラス基板の一主面の上に配されている。下地層は、ガラス基板とは反対側の表面に凹凸を有する。透明導電層は、下地層の上に配されている。多孔質酸化物半導体層は、透明導電層の上に配されている。   The electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention includes a substrate with a transparent conductive layer and a porous oxide semiconductor layer. The substrate with a transparent conductive layer includes a glass substrate, a base layer, and a transparent conductive layer. The underlayer is disposed on one main surface of the glass substrate. The underlayer has irregularities on the surface opposite to the glass substrate. The transparent conductive layer is disposed on the base layer. The porous oxide semiconductor layer is disposed on the transparent conductive layer.

なお、本発明において、ガラス基板には、結晶化ガラスからなる基板が含まれるものとする。   In the present invention, the glass substrate includes a substrate made of crystallized glass.

下地層のガラス基板とは反対側の表面の表面粗さは、中心線平均粗さRaで5nm以上であることが好ましい。   The surface roughness of the surface of the underlayer opposite to the glass substrate is preferably 5 nm or more in terms of the center line average roughness Ra.

本発明において、中心線平均粗さRaは、JISB0601に規定された方法により測定した値である。   In the present invention, the centerline average roughness Ra is a value measured by a method defined in JISB0601.

透明導電層の厚みは、0.5μm〜1.5μmであることが好ましい。   The thickness of the transparent conductive layer is preferably 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm.

透明導電層のガラス基板とは反対側の表面の表面粗さは、中心線平均粗さRaで5nm以上であることが好ましい。   The surface roughness of the surface of the transparent conductive layer opposite to the glass substrate is preferably 5 nm or more in terms of the center line average roughness Ra.

下地層は、酸化チタンを含むことが好ましい。   The underlayer preferably contains titanium oxide.

多孔質酸化物半導体層は、酸化物粒子の燒結体からなってもよい。   The porous oxide semiconductor layer may consist of a sintered body of oxide particles.

多孔質酸化物半導体層は、酸化チタンを含んでいてもよい。   The porous oxide semiconductor layer may contain titanium oxide.

本発明に係る色素増感太陽電池の透明導電層付基板において、多孔質酸化物半導体層が一主面上に形成される。透明導電層付基板は、ガラス基板と、下地層と、透明導電層とを備える。下地層は、ガラス基板の一主面の上に配されている。下地層は、ガラス基板とは反対側の表面に凹凸を有する。透明導電層は、下地層の上に配されている。   In the substrate with a transparent conductive layer of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention, the porous oxide semiconductor layer is formed on one main surface. The substrate with a transparent conductive layer includes a glass substrate, a base layer, and a transparent conductive layer. The underlayer is disposed on one main surface of the glass substrate. The underlayer has irregularities on the surface opposite to the glass substrate. The transparent conductive layer is disposed on the base layer.

本発明の色素増感太陽電池の電極の製造方法は、ガラス基板の一主面の上に、スプレー法を用いて下地層を形成する工程と、下地層の上に透明導電層を形成する工程と、透明導電層の上に多孔質酸化物半導体層を形成する工程とを備える。   The method for producing an electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention includes a step of forming an underlayer using a spray method on one main surface of a glass substrate, and a step of forming a transparent conductive layer on the underlayer. And a step of forming a porous oxide semiconductor layer on the transparent conductive layer.

本発明によれば、透明導電層と多孔質酸化物半導体層とが剥がれにくい色素増感太陽電池の電極を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell with which a transparent conductive layer and a porous oxide semiconductor layer cannot peel easily can be provided.

本発明の一実施形態に係る色素増感太陽電池の電極の略図的断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of the electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

以下、本発明を実施した好ましい形態の一例について説明する。但し、以下の実施形態は、単なる一例であり、本発明は、以下の実施形態に何ら限定されない。   Hereinafter, an example of the preferable form which implemented this invention is demonstrated. However, the following embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

また、実施形態において参照する図面は、模式的に記載されたものであり、図面に描画された物体の寸法の比率などは、現実の物体の寸法の比率などとは異なる場合がある。具体的な物体の寸法比率などは、以下の説明を参酌して判断されるべきである。   The drawings referred to in the embodiments are schematically described, and the ratio of the dimensions of the objects drawn in the drawings may be different from the ratio of the dimensions of the actual objects. The specific dimensional ratio of the object should be determined in consideration of the following description.

図1は、本実施形態に係る色素増感太陽電池の電極の略図的断面図である。色素増感太陽電池の電極1は、透明導電層付基板2を備える。   FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to this embodiment. The electrode 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell includes a substrate 2 with a transparent conductive layer.

透明導電層付基板2は、ガラス基板3を有する。ガラス基板3の両表面は、平坦である。ガラス基板3の両表面の表面粗さは、中心線平均粗さRaで0.2nm〜2nm程度である。   The substrate 2 with a transparent conductive layer has a glass substrate 3. Both surfaces of the glass substrate 3 are flat. The surface roughness of both surfaces of the glass substrate 3 is about 0.2 nm to 2 nm in terms of the center line average roughness Ra.

ガラス基板3を構成するガラスは、透光性を有するガラスであれば、特に限定されない。ガラス基板3を構成するガラスとしては、無アルカリガラス、ソーダライムガラス、石英ガラスなどが挙げられる。これらの中でも、ガラス基板3を構成するガラスとしては、無アルカリガラスが好ましい。無アルカリガラスは、透光性及び歪み点が高く、製造コストが安いためである。   The glass which comprises the glass substrate 3 will not be specifically limited if it is glass which has translucency. Examples of the glass constituting the glass substrate 3 include alkali-free glass, soda lime glass, and quartz glass. Among these, as glass which comprises the glass substrate 3, an alkali free glass is preferable. This is because alkali-free glass has high translucency and strain point and is low in production cost.

なお、本発明において、無アルカリガラスとは、実質的にLi,Na,Kなどのアルカリ金属成分を含まないガラスをいい、具体的には、アルカリ金属成分の含有量が、酸化物換算で、0.2質量%以下であるガラスをいう。   In the present invention, the alkali-free glass refers to a glass that does not substantially contain an alkali metal component such as Li, Na, K, and specifically, the content of the alkali metal component is calculated in terms of oxide. The glass which is 0.2 mass% or less.

ガラス基板3の厚みは、特に限定されず、例えば0.03mm〜2mm程度とすればよい。   The thickness of the glass substrate 3 is not particularly limited, and may be about 0.03 mm to 2 mm, for example.

ガラス基板3の主面3aの上には、下地層4が配されている。下地層4は、ガラス基板3とは反対側の表面4aに凹凸を有する。表面4aの表面粗さは、中心線平均粗さRaで5nm以上であることが好ましく、10nm以上であることがより好ましい。なお、表面4aの中心線平均粗さRaが大きすぎると、多孔質酸化物半導体層が均一に形成されず、太陽電池の変換効率が低下する。このため、表面4aの中心線平均粗さRaは、500nm以下であることが好ましい。   On the main surface 3 a of the glass substrate 3, an underlayer 4 is disposed. The underlayer 4 has irregularities on the surface 4 a opposite to the glass substrate 3. The surface roughness of the surface 4a is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more in terms of the center line average roughness Ra. In addition, when the centerline average roughness Ra of the surface 4a is too large, the porous oxide semiconductor layer is not uniformly formed, and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is lowered. For this reason, the center line average roughness Ra of the surface 4a is preferably 500 nm or less.

下地層4は、酸化チタンを含むことが好ましく、酸化チタンにより構成されていることがより好ましい。   The underlayer 4 preferably contains titanium oxide, and more preferably is made of titanium oxide.

下地層4の厚みは、特に限定されず、例えば0.1μm〜1.5μm程度であってもよい。   The thickness of the foundation layer 4 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, about 0.1 μm to 1.5 μm.

下地層4の表面4aの上には、透明導電層5が配されている。透明導電層5のガラス基板3とは反対側の表面5aは、下地層4のガラス基板3とは反対側の表面4aの形状と対応した形状を有する。よって、表面5aの表面粗さは、表面5aも凹凸を有し、通常、中心線平均粗さRaで5nm以上となる。   A transparent conductive layer 5 is disposed on the surface 4 a of the foundation layer 4. The surface 5 a of the transparent conductive layer 5 opposite to the glass substrate 3 has a shape corresponding to the shape of the surface 4 a of the underlayer 4 opposite to the glass substrate 3. Therefore, the surface roughness of the surface 5a is also uneven, and the center line average roughness Ra is usually 5 nm or more.

透明導電層5を構成する材料は、透光性及び導電性を有するものであれば、特に限定されない。透明導電層5は、例えば、インジウムドープ酸化錫(ITO)、フッ素ドープ酸化錫(FTO)、インジウムドープ酸化亜鉛(IZO)、アルミニウムドープ酸化亜鉛(AZO)、酸化錫、酸化亜鉛、酸化インジウム、酸化チタンなどにより構成される。   The material which comprises the transparent conductive layer 5 will not be specifically limited if it has translucency and electroconductivity. The transparent conductive layer 5 is made of, for example, indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, or oxide. It is composed of titanium or the like.

透明導電層5の厚みは、0.5μm〜1.5μm程度であることが好ましく、0.7μm〜1.2μm程度であることがより好ましい。透明導電層5の厚みが薄すぎると、電気抵抗が大きくなる場合がある。透明導電層5の厚みが厚すぎると、中心線平均粗さRaが小さくなる場合がある。   The thickness of the transparent conductive layer 5 is preferably about 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm, and more preferably about 0.7 μm to 1.2 μm. If the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 5 is too thin, the electrical resistance may increase. When the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 5 is too thick, the center line average roughness Ra may be small.

透明導電層5の表面5aの上には、多孔質酸化物半導体層6が配されている。多孔質酸化物半導体層6において、光エネルギーが電気エネルギーに変換される。   On the surface 5a of the transparent conductive layer 5, a porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 is disposed. In the porous oxide semiconductor layer 6, light energy is converted into electric energy.

多孔質酸化物半導体層6は、酸化物粒子の燒結体、増感色素などを含んでいてもよい。   The porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 may contain a sintered body of oxide particles, a sensitizing dye, and the like.

酸化物粒子を構成する酸化物としては、例えば、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化錫、酸化鉄、酸化ニオブ、酸化セリウム、酸化タングステンなどが挙げられる。   Examples of the oxide constituting the oxide particles include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, and tungsten oxide.

焼結前の酸化物粒子の平均粒子径は、30nm以下であることが好ましく、20nm以下であることがより好ましい。   The average particle diameter of the oxide particles before sintering is preferably 30 nm or less, and more preferably 20 nm or less.

本実施形態に係る色素増感太陽電池の電極1は、例えば、次のようにして製造することができる。   The electrode 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment can be manufactured, for example, as follows.

まず、ガラス基板3の上に、下地層4を形成する。下地層4は、例えば、スプレー法により形成することができる。スプレー法を用いることにより、下地層4のガラス基板3とは反対側の表面4aの上に凹凸を形成することができる。具体的には、金属アルコキシドを含有する有機溶剤をスプレー法により5μm〜60μmの大きさの粒子にして吹き付けた後、350〜550℃の温度で加熱し、有機成分を揮発又は燃焼させるとともに、金属成分を酸化させることにより、所望の凹凸を有する下地層4を形成できる。 次に、下地層4の上に透明導電層5を形成する。透明導電層5は、スパッタ法、蒸着法などの成膜方法により形成することができる。   First, the base layer 4 is formed on the glass substrate 3. The underlayer 4 can be formed by, for example, a spray method. By using the spray method, it is possible to form irregularities on the surface 4a of the base layer 4 opposite to the glass substrate 3. Specifically, an organic solvent containing a metal alkoxide is sprayed into particles having a size of 5 μm to 60 μm by a spray method, and then heated at a temperature of 350 to 550 ° C. to volatilize or burn organic components, By oxidizing the components, the underlayer 4 having the desired irregularities can be formed. Next, the transparent conductive layer 5 is formed on the base layer 4. The transparent conductive layer 5 can be formed by a film forming method such as sputtering or vapor deposition.

次に、透明導電層5の上に、酸化物粒子の燒結体、増感色素などを含む多孔質酸化物半導体層6を形成する。透明導電層5を形成する方法としは、特に限定されず、公知の方法が採用できる。   Next, a porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 containing a sintered body of oxide particles, a sensitizing dye, and the like is formed on the transparent conductive layer 5. It does not specifically limit as a method of forming the transparent conductive layer 5, A well-known method is employable.

本実施形態に係る色素増感太陽電池の電極1は、ガラス基板3とは反対側の表面4aに凹凸を有する下地層4を備える。表面4aの上には、透明導電層5が配されており、透明導電層5のガラス基板3とは反対側の表面5aは、表面4aの形状と対応した形状を有する。このため、透明導電層5と透明導電層5の表面5aの上に配された多孔質酸化物半導体層6とは、アンカー効果により剥がれにくい。   The electrode 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment includes a base layer 4 having irregularities on the surface 4 a opposite to the glass substrate 3. The transparent conductive layer 5 is disposed on the surface 4a, and the surface 5a on the opposite side of the transparent conductive layer 5 from the glass substrate 3 has a shape corresponding to the shape of the surface 4a. For this reason, the transparent conductive layer 5 and the porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 disposed on the surface 5a of the transparent conductive layer 5 are difficult to peel off due to the anchor effect.

色素増感太陽電池の電極1において、下地層4の表面4aの中心線平均粗さが5nm以上、特に10nm以上である場合、表面4aの形状と対応した形状を有する透明導電層5の表面5aと多孔質酸化物半導体層6とは、剥がれにくい。   In the electrode 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell, when the center line average roughness of the surface 4a of the base layer 4 is 5 nm or more, particularly 10 nm or more, the surface 5a of the transparent conductive layer 5 having a shape corresponding to the shape of the surface 4a. And the porous oxide semiconductor layer 6 are difficult to peel off.

色素増感太陽電池の電極1において、透明導電層5の厚みが、0.5μm〜1.5μm
程度、特に0.7μm〜1.2μm程度である場合、透明導電層5の表面5aの形状が下地層4の表面4aの形状と対応した形状となりやすいため好ましい。
In the electrode 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell, the transparent conductive layer 5 has a thickness of 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm.
When the thickness is about 0.7 μm to 1.2 μm, the shape of the surface 5 a of the transparent conductive layer 5 tends to be a shape corresponding to the shape of the surface 4 a of the underlayer 4.

色素増感太陽電池の電極1において、下地層4が酸化チタンを含む場合、酸化チタンはガラス基板3及び透明導電層5との親和性が高く、ガラス基板3と下地層4及び下地層4と透明導電層5とが剥がれにくいため好ましい。   In the electrode 1 of the dye-sensitized solar cell, when the base layer 4 contains titanium oxide, the titanium oxide has high affinity with the glass substrate 3 and the transparent conductive layer 5, and the glass substrate 3, the base layer 4, and the base layer 4 This is preferable because the transparent conductive layer 5 is difficult to peel off.

1…色素増感太陽電池の電極
2…透明導電層付基板
3…ガラス基板
3a…ガラス基板の主面
4…下地層
4a…下地層の表面
5…透明導電層
5a…透明導電層の表面
6…多孔質酸化物半導体層
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrode 2 of dye-sensitized solar cell ... Substrate with transparent conductive layer 3 ... Glass substrate 3a ... Main surface 4 of glass substrate ... Underlayer 4a ... Surface 5 of transparent layer ... Transparent conductive layer 5a ... Surface 6 of transparent conductive layer ... Porous oxide semiconductor layer

Claims (9)

ガラス基板、前記ガラス基板の一主面の上に配されており、前記ガラス基板とは反対側の表面に凹凸を有する酸化チタンを含む下地層、及び前記下地層の上に直接配された透明導電層を有する透明導電層付基板と、
前記透明導電層の上に配された、多孔質酸化物半導体層と、
を備える、色素増感太陽電池の電極。
A glass substrate, disposed on one main surface of the glass substrate , a base layer containing titanium oxide having irregularities on the surface opposite to the glass substrate, and a transparent disposed directly on the base layer A substrate with a transparent conductive layer having a conductive layer;
A porous oxide semiconductor layer disposed on the transparent conductive layer;
An electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising:
前記下地層の前記ガラス基板とは反対側の表面の表面粗さが、中心線平均粗さRaで5nm以上である、請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池の電極。   The electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the surface of the underlayer opposite to the glass substrate is 5 nm or more in terms of centerline average roughness Ra. 前記透明導電層の厚みが、0.5μm〜1.5μmである、請求項1または2に記載の色素増感太陽電池の電極。   The electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transparent conductive layer has a thickness of 0.5 µm to 1.5 µm. 前記透明導電層の前記ガラス基板とは反対側の表面の表面粗さが、中心線平均粗さRaで5nm以上である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の色素増感太陽電池の電極。   The dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a surface roughness of the surface of the transparent conductive layer opposite to the glass substrate is 5 nm or more in terms of a center line average roughness Ra. Electrodes. 前記多孔質酸化物半導体層は、酸化物粒子の燒結体からなる、請求項1〜のいずれか一項に記載の色素増感太陽電池の電極。 The electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the porous oxide semiconductor layer is formed of a sintered body of oxide particles. 前記多孔質酸化物半導体層は、酸化チタンを含む、請求項1〜のいずれか一項に記載の色素増感太陽電池の電極。 The electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the porous oxide semiconductor layer contains titanium oxide. 前記ガラス基板は、無アルカリガラスにより構成される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の色素増感太陽電池の電極。  The said glass substrate is an electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell as described in any one of Claims 1-6 comprised with an alkali free glass. 多孔質酸化物半導体層が一主面上に形成される、色素増感太陽電池の透明導電層付基板であって、
ガラス基板と、
前記ガラス基板の一主面の上に配されており、前記ガラス基板とは反対側の表面に凹凸を有する酸化チタンを含む下地層と、
前記下地層の上に直接配された透明導電層と、
を備える色素増感太陽電池の透明導電層付基板。
A substrate with a transparent conductive layer of a dye-sensitized solar cell, in which a porous oxide semiconductor layer is formed on one main surface,
A glass substrate;
An underlayer containing titanium oxide , which is disposed on one main surface of the glass substrate and has irregularities on the surface opposite to the glass substrate;
A transparent conductive layer directly disposed on the underlayer;
A substrate with a transparent conductive layer of a dye-sensitized solar cell.
ガラス基板の一主面の上に、スプレー法を用いて酸化チタンを含む下地層を形成する工程と、
前記下地層の上に透明導電層を形成する工程と、
前記透明導電層の上に多孔質酸化物半導体層を形成する工程と、
を備える、色素増感太陽電池の電極の製造方法。
Forming a base layer containing titanium oxide on one main surface of the glass substrate using a spray method;
Forming a transparent conductive layer on the underlayer;
Forming a porous oxide semiconductor layer on the transparent conductive layer;
A method for producing an electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell.
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