JP5757690B2 - Working machine - Google Patents

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JP5757690B2
JP5757690B2 JP2010073218A JP2010073218A JP5757690B2 JP 5757690 B2 JP5757690 B2 JP 5757690B2 JP 2010073218 A JP2010073218 A JP 2010073218A JP 2010073218 A JP2010073218 A JP 2010073218A JP 5757690 B2 JP5757690 B2 JP 5757690B2
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operation member
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剛志 後野
剛志 後野
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Kubota Corp
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Description

本発明は、バックホー等の作業機に関する。   The present invention relates to a working machine such as a backhoe.

従来より、油圧アクチュエータを作動させることでアームやブーム等のアタッチメントを作動させる作業機の油圧システムが開示されている(例えば、特許文献1)。
特許文献1の作業機の油圧システムでは、運転席に設けられた操作部材を操作すると、操作部材の操作量が制御部に入力され、当該制御部は、操作量に応じた電圧を比例電磁弁に出力して、当該比例電磁弁の電流を変化させることで比例電磁弁を作動させている。比例電磁弁の作動により制御弁のスプールにパイロット油を供給して当該スプールを動かして、制御弁を介して油圧アクチュエータに所定の作動油を供給することで、アタッチメントは動作するようになっている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a hydraulic system for a working machine that operates an attachment such as an arm or a boom by operating a hydraulic actuator has been disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1).
In the hydraulic system for a working machine disclosed in Patent Document 1, when an operation member provided in a driver's seat is operated, an operation amount of the operation member is input to the control unit, and the control unit applies a voltage corresponding to the operation amount to the proportional solenoid valve. And the proportional solenoid valve is operated by changing the current of the proportional solenoid valve. The attachment is operated by supplying pilot oil to the spool of the control valve by operating the proportional solenoid valve, moving the spool, and supplying predetermined hydraulic oil to the hydraulic actuator via the control valve. .

さて、作業者が操作部材を操作している状態から手を離すと、操作部材はスプリング等により勢いよく引き戻されて、中立位置を中心として揺動してしまうことがある。このような場合、比例電磁弁に出力する電流値が安定しないため、油圧アクチュエータが微動作してしまうことがある。操作部材が振動的に揺動した場合でも、油圧アクチュエータの動作を安定させる技術として特許文献2に示すものがある。   When the operator releases his / her hand from operating the operating member, the operating member may be vigorously pulled back by a spring or the like, and may swing around the neutral position. In such a case, since the current value output to the proportional solenoid valve is not stable, the hydraulic actuator may slightly operate. Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for stabilizing the operation of the hydraulic actuator even when the operation member swings in a vibrational manner.

特開2007−92285号公報JP 2007-92285 A 特許第3730801号Japanese Patent No. 3730801

特許文献2では、操作部材が振動的に揺動している(ハンチングしている)か否かを判断するにために、所定時間、操作信号を入力して、その操作信号に対してFFT(高速フーリエ変換)の処理を行っている。そして、特許文献2では、操作部材が振動的に揺動していると判断すると操作信号に対して一次遅れの処理を行うことにより、油圧アクチュエータの動作を安定させている。   In Patent Document 2, in order to determine whether or not the operation member is oscillatingly oscillated (hunted), an operation signal is input for a predetermined time, and FFT ( Fast Fourier transform). And in patent document 2, if it determines that the operation member is oscillating rocking | fluctuating, the operation | movement of a hydraulic actuator will be stabilized by performing the process of a primary delay with respect to an operation signal.

特許文献2では、操作部材が振動的に揺動しているか否かを判断するためにFFT処理をかけているが、FFT処理を行うためには多くのサンプリングデータを取得する必要があり、判断するまでにある程度時間が必要である。そのため、操作部材が振動的に揺動している初期段階では、どうしても油圧アクチュエータが微動作することがある。また、FFT処理を行うためには、処理が大変であると共に、コストもかかる虞がある。   In Patent Document 2, an FFT process is performed to determine whether or not the operating member is oscillating in a vibrating manner. However, in order to perform the FFT process, it is necessary to acquire a large amount of sampling data. It takes some time to do. For this reason, in the initial stage where the operating member is oscillatingly oscillated, the hydraulic actuator may inevitably be finely operated. Moreover, in order to perform an FFT process, a process is serious and there exists a possibility that it may also cost.

本発明は上記問題点に鑑み、操作部材がハンチングした場合であっても、簡単に油圧アクチュエータの動作を安定させることができる作業機を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a working machine that can easily stabilize the operation of a hydraulic actuator even when an operation member is hunted.

この技術的課題を解決するための本発明の技術的手段は、パイロット圧に応じて油圧アクチュエータに作動油を供給する制御弁と、この制御弁へのパイロット圧を作動信号に応じて調整する電磁弁と、この電磁弁の作動信号を制御する制御部とを備えた作業機において、前記制御部は、前記油圧アクチュエータを操作するための操作部材の操作量に対応した大きさの作動信号を出力する第1信号制御手段と、操作部材の操作量の変化量が閾値を超えたときは前記第1信号制御手段による作動信号よりも小さな作動信号を当該第1信号制御手段に代えて電磁弁に出力する第2信号制御手段とを備えている点にある。   The technical means of the present invention for solving this technical problem includes a control valve that supplies hydraulic oil to a hydraulic actuator according to a pilot pressure, and an electromagnetic that adjusts the pilot pressure to the control valve according to an operation signal. In a working machine including a valve and a control unit that controls an operation signal of the solenoid valve, the control unit outputs an operation signal having a magnitude corresponding to an operation amount of an operation member for operating the hydraulic actuator. When the change amount of the operation amount of the first signal control means and the operation member exceeds a threshold value, an operation signal smaller than the operation signal by the first signal control means is substituted for the first signal control means to the electromagnetic valve. And a second signal control means for outputting.

前記作動信号は電流とされており、前記第2信号制御手段は、操作部材の操作量の変化量が前記閾値を超えたときから当該第2信号制御手段における前記作動信号である電流値を徐々に減少させるように構成されていることが好ましい。
前記制御部は、操作部材の操作量の変化量が前記閾値を超えたときから所定時間繰り返して前記第2信号制御手段による制御を行うように構成されていることが好ましい。
The operation signal is a current, and the second signal control unit gradually changes the current value that is the operation signal in the second signal control unit from when the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member exceeds the threshold value. It is preferable that it is comprised so that it may decrease to.
It is preferable that the control unit is configured to perform the control by the second signal control unit repeatedly for a predetermined time from when the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member exceeds the threshold value.

前記制御部は、前記操作部材の操作量の変化量が前記閾値を超えたか否かを判定する判定部を備え、第2信号制御手段は、前記判定部により変化量が閾値を超えたと判断された際に前記第1信号制御手段にて設定された作動信号の大きさに基づいて当該第2信号制御手段における作動信号の大きさを求めるように構成されていることが好ましい。
前記制御部は、前記前記操作部材の操作量の変化量が閾値より小さくなったとき、前記第1信号制御手段による作動信号を出力することが好ましい。
本発明の最も好ましい技術的手段は、パイロット圧に応じて油圧アクチュエータに作動油を供給する制御弁と、この制御弁へのパイロット圧を作動信号に応じて調整する電磁弁と、この電磁弁の作動信号を制御する制御部と、前記油圧アクチュエータを操作するための操作部材とを備えた作業機において、前記制御部は、前記操作部材の操作量の変化量が閾値を超えたか否かを判定する判定部と、前記判定部により変化量が閾値を超えていないと判断された場合に、予め設定された操作量と作動信号とに基づいて前記操作部材の操作量に対応した大きさの作動信号を求め、求めた作動信号を前記電磁弁に出力する第1信号制御手段と、前記判定部により変化量が閾値を超えたと判断された場合に、前記第1信号制御手段にて設定された作動信号の大きさに基づいて当該作動信号よりも小さな作動信号を求め、求めた作動信号を第1信号制御手段に代えて電磁弁に出力する第2信号制御手段と、を備え、前記第1信号制御手段は、前記第2信号制御手段による作動信号の出力後に、新たに操作された操作部材の操作量に対応した新たな作動信号の大きさを求め、前記判定部は、前記第1信号制御手段により求めた新たな作動信号と前記第2信号制御手段により出力した作動信号とを比較して、当該第1信号制御手段により求めた作動信号が前記第2信号制御手段により出力した作動信号よりも大きい場合に、前記操作部材の操作量の変化量が閾値を超えたか否かを判定することを特徴とする。
The control unit includes a determination unit that determines whether or not the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member exceeds the threshold value, and the second signal control unit is determined by the determination unit that the change amount exceeds the threshold value. It is preferable that the magnitude of the actuation signal in the second signal control means is determined based on the magnitude of the actuation signal set by the first signal control means.
The control unit preferably outputs an operation signal from the first signal control means when the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member becomes smaller than a threshold value.
The most preferable technical means of the present invention includes a control valve that supplies hydraulic oil to the hydraulic actuator in accordance with the pilot pressure, an electromagnetic valve that adjusts the pilot pressure to the control valve in accordance with the operation signal, In a working machine including a control unit that controls an operation signal and an operation member for operating the hydraulic actuator, the control unit determines whether or not a change amount of an operation amount of the operation member exceeds a threshold value. And an operation having a magnitude corresponding to the operation amount of the operation member based on a preset operation amount and an operation signal when the determination unit determines that the change amount does not exceed the threshold value. A first signal control means for obtaining a signal and outputting the obtained actuation signal to the solenoid valve; and when the change amount is determined to exceed a threshold value by the determination unit, the first signal control means is set. Operating signal And second signal control means for obtaining an actuation signal smaller than the actuation signal based on the magnitude of the output signal and outputting the obtained actuation signal to the solenoid valve instead of the first signal control means, the first signal control The means obtains the magnitude of a new actuation signal corresponding to the amount of operation of the newly manipulated operation member after the actuation signal is output by the second signal control means, and the determination unit is configured to obtain the first signal control means. The operation signal obtained by the first signal control unit is compared with the operation signal output by the second signal control unit. When it is larger, it is determined whether or not the amount of change in the operation amount of the operation member exceeds a threshold value.

本発明によれば、操作部材がハンチングした場合であっても、簡単に油圧アクチュエータの動作を安定させることができる。   According to the present invention, even when the operating member is hunted, the operation of the hydraulic actuator can be easily stabilized.

油圧システムの制御部の構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the control part of a hydraulic system. 油圧システムの油圧経路の構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the structure of the hydraulic path of a hydraulic system. 操作部材の操作量と比例電磁弁への出力電流との関係を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the relationship between the operation amount of an operation member, and the output current to a proportional solenoid valve. 操作部材を離してハンチングが発生した状態と、操作部材を持って操作したときの状態とを示した図である。It is the figure which showed the state when the operation member was released | separated and the state where hunting generate | occur | produced and the operation member was held and operated. 操作部材の制御の流れを示しフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the flow of control of an operation member. 第2信号制御手段の制御による電流値を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the electric current value by control of a 2nd signal control means. 作業機の全体側面図である。It is the whole working machine side view.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図7は、バックホー等の作業機を示している。
図7に示すように、作業機(バックホー)1は、下部の走行装置2と、上部の旋回体3とから構成されている。
走行装置2は、ゴム製覆帯を有する左右一対の走行体4を備え、両走行体4を走行モータMで駆動するようにしたクローラ式走行装置が採用されている。また、該走行装置2の前部にはドーザ5が設けられている。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 7 shows a working machine such as a backhoe.
As shown in FIG. 7, the work machine (backhoe) 1 includes a lower traveling device 2 and an upper swing body 3.
The traveling device 2 includes a pair of left and right traveling bodies 4 each having a rubber cover, and a crawler traveling device in which both traveling bodies 4 are driven by a traveling motor M is employed. Further, a dozer 5 is provided at the front portion of the traveling device 2.

旋回体3は、走行装置2上に旋回ベアリング11を介して上下方向の旋回軸回りに左右旋回自在に支持された旋回台12と、該旋回台12の前部に備えられた作業装置13(掘削装置)とを有している。旋回台12上には、エンジン7,ラジエータ8,運転席9,燃料タンク,作動油タンク等が設けられている。また、旋回台12上には運転席9を囲むキャビン14が設けられ、前記エンジン7は左右方向右側に配置されて開閉ボンネット等で覆われている。   The swivel body 3 includes a swivel base 12 supported on the traveling device 2 via a swivel bearing 11 so as to be able to turn left and right around a swivel axis in the vertical direction, and a working device 13 ( Drilling device). On the swivel base 12, an engine 7, a radiator 8, a driver's seat 9, a fuel tank, a hydraulic oil tank, and the like are provided. Further, a cabin 14 surrounding the driver's seat 9 is provided on the turntable 12, and the engine 7 is disposed on the right side in the left-right direction and covered with an open / close bonnet or the like.

作業装置13は、旋回台12の前部に左右方向の中央部よりやや右寄りにオフセットして設けられた支持ブラケット16に上下方向の軸心回りに左右揺動自在に支持されたスイングブラケット17と、該スイングブラケット17に基部側を左右方向の軸心廻りに回動自在に枢着されて上下揺動自在に支持されたブーム18と、該ブーム18の先端側に左右方向の軸心廻りに回動自在に枢着されて前後揺動自在に支持されたアーム19と、該アーム19の先端側にスクイ・ダンプ動作可能に設けられたバケット20とを備えている。   The working device 13 includes a swing bracket 17 supported on a support bracket 16 provided at the front portion of the swivel base 12 so as to be offset slightly to the right from the central portion in the left-right direction, and swingable to the left and right around the vertical axis. The boom 18 is pivotally attached to the swing bracket 17 so that the base side is pivotable about a left-right axis, and is supported so as to be swingable up and down, and on the distal end side of the boom 18 about the left-right axis. The arm 19 is pivotally mounted and supported so as to be able to swing back and forth, and a bucket 20 is provided on the distal end side of the arm 19 so as to be capable of squeezing and dumping.

スイングブラケット17は、旋回台12内に備えられたスイングシリンダの伸縮によって揺動され、ブーム18は、該ブーム18とスイングブラケット17との間に介装されたブームシリンダ22の伸縮によって揺動され、アーム19は、該アーム19とブーム18との間に介装されたアームシリンダ23の伸縮によって揺動され、バケット20は、該バケット20とアーム19との間に介装されたバケットシリンダ21の伸縮によってスクイ・ダンプ動作される。   The swing bracket 17 is swung by expansion and contraction of a swing cylinder provided in the swivel base 12, and the boom 18 is swung by expansion and contraction of a boom cylinder 22 interposed between the boom 18 and the swing bracket 17. The arm 19 is swung by the expansion and contraction of the arm cylinder 23 interposed between the arm 19 and the boom 18, and the bucket 20 is a bucket cylinder 21 interposed between the bucket 20 and the arm 19. Squeezing and dumping is performed by expanding and contracting.

アーム19の先端部には、バケット20の代わりにグラップル,サム,ブレーカ,ブラッシュカッタ,チルトバケット,ロータリーグラーブル等のSP用アタッチメントが装着できるようになっている。
また、アーム19の先端部には、SP用アタッチメントを作動させるためのSP用アクチューエータに対し、作動油を供給する作動油供給部(図示省略)が設けられている。運転席9の近傍又はキャビン14内には、ブームシリンダ22、アームシリンダ23、バケットシリンダ21等の油圧アクチュエータ及びSP用油圧アクチュエータの各種アクチューエータ(各種アタッチメント)を操作する操作部材25が左右方向又は前後方向に揺動自在に支持されている。
Instead of the bucket 20, an SP attachment such as a grapple, thumb, breaker, brush cutter, tilt bucket, or rotary grabber can be attached to the tip of the arm 19.
In addition, a hydraulic oil supply unit (not shown) that supplies hydraulic oil to the SP actuator for operating the SP attachment is provided at the tip of the arm 19. In the vicinity of the driver's seat 9 or in the cabin 14, there are operating members 25 for operating various actuators (various attachments) of hydraulic actuators such as the boom cylinder 22, arm cylinder 23, bucket cylinder 21, and SP hydraulic actuator. Alternatively, it is supported so as to be swingable in the front-rear direction.

図1〜図2は、各種油圧アクチュエータを作動させる油圧システムの構成図を示している。
上述したように、作業機1は複数の油圧アクチュエータを有するものとなっているが、説明の便宜上、油圧システムの説明においては、複数の油圧アクチュエータをまとめたものを油圧アクチュエータAとして説明する。
1 to 2 are configuration diagrams of a hydraulic system for operating various hydraulic actuators.
As described above, the work machine 1 has a plurality of hydraulic actuators. However, for convenience of description, in the description of the hydraulic system, a group of a plurality of hydraulic actuators will be described as a hydraulic actuator A.

図1及び図2に示すように、油圧システム26は、パイロット圧に応じて油圧アクチュエータAに作動油を供給する制御弁27と、この制御弁27のパイロット圧を制御する一対の比例電磁弁28,28と、比例電磁弁28,28にパイロット油を供給する第1ポンプ29と、制御弁27に作動油を供給する第2ポンプ30と、制御部(コントローラ)31とを備えている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hydraulic system 26 includes a control valve 27 that supplies hydraulic oil to the hydraulic actuator A according to the pilot pressure, and a pair of proportional electromagnetic valves 28 that control the pilot pressure of the control valve 27. , 28, a first pump 29 for supplying pilot oil to the proportional solenoid valves 28, 28, a second pump 30 for supplying hydraulic oil to the control valve 27, and a controller (controller) 31.

制御部31には、操作部材25の操作量(例えば、操作角度θ)に対応した電圧等が入力され、この電圧に基づいて求められた電流(作動信号S1)が比例電磁弁28,28に入力されるものとなっている。操作部材(操作レバー)25は、油圧アクチュエータA(アタッチメント)を操作するものであって、前後又は左右に揺動自在に支持されると共に、操作軸25aに嵌め込まれた弾性部材(例えば、スプリング)25bによって中立位置に戻るように付勢されている。操作部材25の操作量は、センサ25b(例えば、ポジションメータ)で検出されるようになっている。なお、操作部材25は、弾性部材25bによって中立位置に戻るように支持されていればよく、当該操作部材25の支持機構は、ジョイスティック型など、どのようなものであってもよい。   A voltage or the like corresponding to an operation amount (for example, an operation angle θ) of the operation member 25 is input to the control unit 31, and a current (operation signal S <b> 1) obtained based on this voltage is input to the proportional solenoid valves 28 and 28. It is supposed to be entered. The operating member (operating lever) 25 operates the hydraulic actuator A (attachment), is supported so as to be swingable back and forth or right and left, and is an elastic member (for example, a spring) fitted into the operating shaft 25a. It is urged by 25b to return to the neutral position. The operation amount of the operation member 25 is detected by a sensor 25b (for example, a position meter). The operation member 25 may be supported by the elastic member 25b so as to return to the neutral position, and the support mechanism of the operation member 25 may be any type such as a joystick type.

一方の比例電磁弁28Lは、1つの制御弁27に対してそのスプールの一方に所定のパイロット圧のパイロット油を供給し、他方の比例電磁弁28Rは、制御弁27のスプールの他方に所定のパイロット圧のパイロット油を供給するものとなっている。
詳しくは、操作部材25を中立位置より一方(例えば、左側)に揺動させると、制御部31は操作部材25の操作量に応じた電流を左側用の比例電磁弁28Lのソレノイド32Lに出力し、ソレノイド32Lの電流を制御するものとなっている。ソレノイド32Lの電流に応じてブランジャが移動し、制御弁27へ供給されるパイロット油のパイロット圧が変化する。
One proportional solenoid valve 28L supplies a pilot oil of a predetermined pilot pressure to one of the spools to one control valve 27, and the other proportional solenoid valve 28R supplies a predetermined pilot pressure to the other spool of the control valve 27. Pilot oil of pilot pressure is supplied.
Specifically, when the operation member 25 is swung from one position (for example, the left side) from the neutral position, the control unit 31 outputs a current corresponding to the operation amount of the operation member 25 to the solenoid 32L of the proportional solenoid valve 28L for the left side. The current of the solenoid 32L is controlled. The plunger moves according to the current of the solenoid 32L, and the pilot pressure of the pilot oil supplied to the control valve 27 changes.

一方で、操作部材25を中立位置側より他方(例えば、右側)に揺動させると、制御部31は操作部材25の操作量に応じた電流を右側用の比例電磁弁28Rのソレノイド32Rに出力し、ソレノイド32Rの電流を制御するものとなっている。ソレノイド32Rの電流に応じてブランジャが移動し、制御弁27へ供給されるパイロット油のパイロット圧が変化する。   On the other hand, when the operation member 25 is swung from the neutral position side to the other (for example, the right side), the control unit 31 outputs a current corresponding to the operation amount of the operation member 25 to the solenoid 32R of the right proportional solenoid valve 28R. The current of the solenoid 32R is controlled. The plunger moves according to the current of the solenoid 32R, and the pilot pressure of the pilot oil supplied to the control valve 27 changes.

このように、操作部材25の操作量に応じて比例電磁弁28L,28Rを操作することで、制御弁27のスプールに対して2方向からパイロット油を供給し、2方向に油圧アクチュエータAが動作してアタッチメントが作動する。なお、上記では、操作部材25を左右に揺動させた場合について説明したが、操作部材25を前後に揺動させた場合も左右に揺動させた場合と同じであるため説明を省略する。   Thus, by operating the proportional solenoid valves 28L and 28R according to the operation amount of the operation member 25, the pilot oil is supplied to the spool of the control valve 27 from two directions, and the hydraulic actuator A operates in two directions. Then the attachment is activated. In the above description, the case where the operation member 25 is swung left and right has been described. However, since the case where the operation member 25 is swung back and forth is the same as the case where the operation member 25 is swung left and right, description thereof will be omitted.

制御部31は、操作部材25の操作に応じて電流(作動信号S1)を出力して各比例電磁弁28,28を制御するものであって、第1信号制御手段40と、第2信号制御手段41と、判定部42とを備えている。
第1信号制御手段40は、操作部材25の操作量に対応した大きさの電流(作動信号S1)を比例電磁弁(電磁弁)28、28に出力するものである。第2信号制御手段41は、操作部材25の操作量の変化量が急峻であるとき、即ち、操作部材の操作量の変化量が予め定められた閾値を超えたとき、第1信号制御手段40による電流よりも小さな電流を第1信号制御手段40に代えて比例電磁弁28、28に出力するものである。判定部42は、操作部材25の操作量の変化量が急峻であるか否か、即ち、操作部材25の操作量の変化量が閾値を超えたか否かを判定するものである。
The control unit 31 outputs a current (actuation signal S1) according to the operation of the operation member 25 to control the proportional solenoid valves 28, 28. The control unit 31 includes a first signal control unit 40 and a second signal control. Means 41 and a determination unit 42 are provided.
The first signal control means 40 outputs a current (operation signal S 1) having a magnitude corresponding to the operation amount of the operation member 25 to the proportional solenoid valves (solenoid valves) 28 and 28. When the amount of change in the operation amount of the operation member 25 is steep, that is, when the amount of change in the operation amount of the operation member exceeds a predetermined threshold, the second signal control means 41 Instead of the first signal control means 40, a current smaller than the current due to is output to the proportional solenoid valves 28, 28. The determination unit 42 determines whether or not the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member 25 is steep, that is, whether or not the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member 25 exceeds a threshold value.

次に、第1信号制御手段、第2信号制御手段及び判定部について詳しく説明する。
図3は、第1信号制御手段の制御による操作部材の操作量と、比例電磁弁への出力電流との関係を示したものである。なお、説明の便利上、中立位置(原点O)における電流値を零として、操作部材を一方側に操作したときの電流値をプラス側と他方側に操作したときをマイナス側として説明する。
Next, the first signal control unit, the second signal control unit, and the determination unit will be described in detail.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the operation amount of the operation member controlled by the first signal control means and the output current to the proportional solenoid valve. For convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the current value at the neutral position (origin O) is zero, and the current value when the operating member is operated to one side is the negative side.

図3に示すように、第1信号制御手段40は、操作部材25を一方側又は他方側に操作して当該操作部材25の操作量を徐々に大きくすると、その操作量に対応して比例電磁弁28の電流値(絶対値)を徐々に大きくし、操作部材25の操作量が徐々に小さくすると比例電磁弁28への電流値(絶対値)を徐々に小さくなるように制御する。言い換えれば、第1信号制御手段40は、操作部材25の操作量に比例して比例電磁弁28の電流を次第に増減させる変換線(変換関数)L1又は制御マップ(操作量を電流に置き換えるマップ)を有しており、変換線(変換関数)L1又は制御マップにより比例電磁弁28の電流を調整する。   As shown in FIG. 3, when the operation member 25 is operated to one side or the other side and the operation amount of the operation member 25 is gradually increased, the first signal control means 40 is proportional to the proportional electromagnetic. When the current value (absolute value) of the valve 28 is gradually increased and the operation amount of the operation member 25 is gradually decreased, the current value (absolute value) to the proportional solenoid valve 28 is controlled to gradually decrease. In other words, the first signal control means 40 is a conversion line (conversion function) L1 or a control map (map for replacing the operation amount with the current) that gradually increases or decreases the current of the proportional solenoid valve 28 in proportion to the operation amount of the operation member 25. The current of the proportional solenoid valve 28 is adjusted by the conversion line (conversion function) L1 or the control map.

作業者(オペレータ)が操作部材25を手でもって左右に動かすと、その操作量が制御部31に入力され、入力された操作部材25の操作量に応じて第1信号制御手段40により比例電磁弁28の電流値が決定され、油圧アクチュエータAを操作することができる。
第2信号制御手段41は、操作部材25の変化量が急峻にあるときに、第1信号制御手段40に代えて比例電磁弁28の電流を制御するものである。
When an operator (operator) moves the operation member 25 left and right with his / her hand, the operation amount is input to the control unit 31, and proportional electromagnetic is generated by the first signal control means 40 according to the input operation amount of the operation member 25. The current value of the valve 28 is determined, and the hydraulic actuator A can be operated.
The second signal control means 41 controls the current of the proportional solenoid valve 28 instead of the first signal control means 40 when the change amount of the operation member 25 is steep.

例えば、作業者が操作部材25を持って一方側又は他方側に揺動させた状態から操作部材25を手から離すと、操作部材25は弾性部材25bの付勢力によって中立位置へと引き戻されることになる。図4に示すように、このときの操作部材25の引き戻しの速さは、通常、作業者が操作部材25を手でもって操作する速さよりも速く(作業者が急に操作したときよりも早く)、操作部材25の変化量は急峻となる。そして、図4の点線に示すように、操作部材25は中立位置を中心として両方向に移動するハンチングが発生する。   For example, when the operator removes the operating member 25 from the hand holding the operating member 25 and swinging it to one side or the other side, the operating member 25 is pulled back to the neutral position by the biasing force of the elastic member 25b. become. As shown in FIG. 4, the speed at which the operating member 25 is pulled back at this time is usually faster than the speed at which the operator operates the operating member 25 with his / her hand (faster than when the operator suddenly operates the operating member 25). ), The amount of change of the operating member 25 is steep. Then, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4, hunting occurs in which the operation member 25 moves in both directions around the neutral position.

このように、操作部材25の変化量が急峻(作業者が手で持って操作部材25を急激に操作したときの変化量よりも弾性部材25bの付勢力によって引き戻される変化量の方が大きい状態)になると、制御部31の制御は、第1信号制御手段40から第2信号制御手段41へと切り替わり、第2信号制御手段41によって比例電磁弁28を制御する。言い換えれば、操作部材25の変化量が、図4の実線で示すような変化量よりも大きくなって閾値を超えたときに、制御部31の制御は、第1信号制御手段40から第2信号制御手段41へと切り替わり、第2信号制御手段41によって比例電磁弁28を制御する。   Thus, the amount of change of the operating member 25 is steep (the amount of change pulled back by the biasing force of the elastic member 25b is larger than the amount of change when the operator holds the operating member 25 suddenly with his hand. ), The control of the control unit 31 is switched from the first signal control means 40 to the second signal control means 41, and the proportional electromagnetic valve 28 is controlled by the second signal control means 41. In other words, when the change amount of the operation member 25 is larger than the change amount as indicated by the solid line in FIG. 4 and exceeds the threshold value, the control of the control unit 31 is performed from the first signal control means 40 to the second signal. The control means 41 is switched, and the proportional solenoid valve 28 is controlled by the second signal control means 41.

例えば、まず、判定部42によって、制御部31に入力されている操作部材25の操作量に基づいて所定時間当たり(例えば、0.01秒秒)の操作量の変化量を算出する。そして、判定部42にて算出された変化量が急峻に相当する値以上、即ち、図4の実線に示すような作業者が手で持って急激に操作したときの値(閾値)よりも大きいときに、操作部材25の操作量の変化量が急峻であると判定して、第1信号制御手段40の制御から第2信号制御手段41へと切り替える。なお、制御部31には、作業者が手で持って急激に操作したときの値(閾値)が記憶されている。   For example, first, the determination unit 42 calculates a change amount of the operation amount per predetermined time (for example, 0.01 second) based on the operation amount of the operation member 25 input to the control unit 31. The amount of change calculated by the determination unit 42 is not less than the value corresponding to the steep value, that is, larger than the value (threshold value) when the operator suddenly operates with the hand as shown by the solid line in FIG. Sometimes, it is determined that the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member 25 is steep, and the control is switched from the control of the first signal control means 40 to the second signal control means 41. Note that the control unit 31 stores a value (threshold value) when the operator holds the hand and suddenly operates it.

第2信号制御手段41は、第1信号制御手段40とは別に、比例電磁弁28の電流を制御するための変換線(関数)又は制御マップを有している。例えば、第2信号制御手段41は、式(1)に示す関数を備えており、比例電磁弁28に出力される出力電流(制御電流)は、式(1)から求められるものとなる。
n+1=In−ΔI×αn (n=1、2、3・・・) ・・・(1)
ここで、
n+1:比例電磁弁へ出力する出力電流(mA)
n:所定時間前の比例電磁弁の制御電流(mA)
ΔI:電流の変化量(mA)
αn :係数(倍率)
式(1)は、操作部材25の変化量が急峻と判断されたとき(変化量が閾値を超えたとき)に適用されるもので、急峻と判断されてから式(1)による制御が開始される。具体的には、I1(n=1)は、急峻直前の第1信号制御手段40で求められる(設定される)電流値となり、I2(n=2)が急峻時の比例電磁弁28の出力電流となる。急峻と判定されてから続いて急峻状態が続くと、所定時間毎にnがカウントアップされ、第2信号制御手段41による制御が繰り返し行われるようになっている。式(1)に示すように、比例電磁弁28に出力する出力電流は、第1信号制御手段40に設定される電流値から電流の変化量を減算しているためため、当該比例電磁弁28に出力する電流は、操作部材25が同じ位置であっても、第1信号制御手段40よりも小さな値となる。また、第2信号制御手段41により、操作部材25の操作量の変化量が急峻となったときから出力電流値は徐々に減少するものとなる。
The second signal control means 41 has a conversion line (function) or a control map for controlling the current of the proportional solenoid valve 28 separately from the first signal control means 40. For example, the second signal control means 41 has a function shown in Expression (1), and the output current (control current) output to the proportional solenoid valve 28 is obtained from Expression (1).
I n + 1 = I n −ΔI × α n (n = 1, 2, 3...) (1)
here,
In + 1 : Output current (mA) output to the proportional solenoid valve
I n: a control current for a predetermined time before the proportional solenoid valve (mA)
ΔI: Amount of change in current (mA)
α n : Coefficient (magnification)
Expression (1) is applied when the change amount of the operation member 25 is determined to be steep (when the change amount exceeds a threshold value), and control according to Expression (1) starts after the determination that the change amount is steep. Is done. Specifically, I 1 (n = 1) is a current value obtained (set) by the first signal control means 40 immediately before steepness, and I 2 (n = 2) is the proportional solenoid valve 28 when steep. Output current. When the steep state continues after the steep determination, n is counted up every predetermined time, and the control by the second signal control means 41 is repeatedly performed. As shown in Expression (1), the output current output to the proportional solenoid valve 28 is obtained by subtracting the amount of change in current from the current value set in the first signal control means 40. Even when the operation member 25 is at the same position, the current output to the output signal is smaller than that of the first signal control means 40. Further, the output current value gradually decreases from when the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member 25 becomes steep by the second signal control means 41.

つまり、第2信号制御手段41は、操作部材41の操作量の変化量が急峻であるとき(変化量が閾値を超えたとき)は第1信号制御手段40にて求められる電流よりも小さな電流を第1信号制御手段40に代わって徐々に減少して出力できるように構成されている。
また、上述したように、第2信号制御手段41は、第1信号制御手段40にて設定された作動信号の大きさ(電流値)に基づいて当該第2信号制御手段41における作動信号の大きさ(電流値)を求めるように構成されている。
That is, the second signal control means 41 has a current smaller than the current required by the first signal control means 40 when the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member 41 is steep (when the change amount exceeds the threshold). Instead of the first signal control means 40, the signal can be gradually decreased and output.
Further, as described above, the second signal control means 41 is based on the magnitude (current value) of the actuation signal set by the first signal control means 40 and the magnitude of the actuation signal in the second signal control means 41. (Current value) is obtained.

このように、通常動作のときの電流値(第1信号制御手段40による電流値)を基準として、急激に操作したときの電流値(第2信号制御手段41による電流値)を設定しているので、操作部材25がハンチングを起こした場合であっても、比例電磁弁28に多大な電流が出力されることを確実に防止することができ、油圧アクチュエータの動作が不安定となるショックを緩和することができる。   In this way, the current value (current value by the second signal control means 41) when operating suddenly is set based on the current value during normal operation (current value by the first signal control means 40) as a reference. Therefore, even when the operating member 25 causes hunting, it is possible to reliably prevent a large amount of current from being output to the proportional solenoid valve 28 and to reduce the shock that causes the hydraulic actuator to become unstable. can do.

図5は、本発明の作業機における操作部材の制御の流れを示したものである。
まず、判定部42は、ポジションメータ25bにより検出された所定時間毎の操作量から操作部材25の変化量を算出し、当該変化量が閾値以上であるか否かを判定する(S1)。判定部42において、変化量が閾値以上であり、操作部材25の位置が通常とは異なり急激(急峻)に変化したと判断すると(S1、yes)、S2へ進む。
FIG. 5 shows a flow of control of the operation member in the working machine of the present invention.
First, the determination unit 42 calculates a change amount of the operation member 25 from an operation amount for each predetermined time detected by the position meter 25b, and determines whether or not the change amount is equal to or greater than a threshold value (S1). When the determination unit 42 determines that the amount of change is equal to or greater than the threshold value and the position of the operation member 25 has changed abruptly (steeply) unlike normal (S1, yes), the process proceeds to S2.

次に、第2信号制御手段41により、例えば、上述した式(1)を用いて比例電磁弁28の出力電流を算出し(S2、In+1)、算出した出力電流を比例電磁弁28に出力して比例電磁弁28の制御を行う(S3)。そして、ポジションメータ25bから操作部材25の操作量を検出して、当該操作量と第1信号制御手段40の変換線L1又は制御マップを用いて、第1信号制御手段40による暫定電流値を求める(S4)。 Next, the output current of the proportional solenoid valve 28 is calculated by the second signal control means 41 using, for example, the above-described equation (1) (S2, In + 1 ), and the calculated output current is calculated as the proportional solenoid valve 28. To control the proportional solenoid valve 28 (S3). Then, the operation amount of the operation member 25 is detected from the position meter 25b, and the provisional current value by the first signal control means 40 is obtained using the operation amount and the conversion line L1 or the control map of the first signal control means 40. (S4).

制御部31にて、S4の処理にて求めた暫定電流値と、S2の処理にて求めた出力電流値(In+1)とを比較し、暫定電流値が出力電流値(In+1)よりも小であると(S5、No)、操作部材25の操作量の変化量が急峻である可能性があることからS1へ戻る処理となる。
一方、S4の処理にて求めた暫定電流値と、S2の処理にて求めた出力電流値(In+1)とを比較し、暫定電流値が出力電流値(In+1)よりも大であると(S5、yes)、S6に進み、暫定電流値を比例電磁弁28に出力する。即ち、S4からS6へ至る処理では、第1信号制御手段40によって、操作部材25の操作量に対応した電流値(暫定電流値)を出力して比例電磁弁28を制御していることになる。
The control unit 31 compares the provisional current value obtained in the process of S4 with the output current value (I n + 1 ) obtained in the process of S2, and the provisional current value is determined as the output current value (I n + If it is smaller than 1 ) (S5, No), there is a possibility that the amount of change in the operation amount of the operation member 25 may be steep, so that the process returns to S1.
On the other hand, the provisional current value obtained in the process of S4 is compared with the output current value (I n + 1 ) obtained in the process of S2, and the provisional current value is larger than the output current value (I n + 1 ). If it is large (S5, yes), the process proceeds to S6, and the provisional current value is output to the proportional solenoid valve 28. That is, in the process from S4 to S6, the first signal control means 40 outputs a current value (provisional current value) corresponding to the operation amount of the operation member 25 to control the proportional solenoid valve 28. .

加えて、S4からS5の処理によって操作部材25急峻に移動している状態から通常通りに戻っているか否かを判断することができる。例えば、作業者が所定位置から操作部材25を離して、一瞬、操作部材25が急峻な動きをした後に、作業者が操作部材25を持って操作し直したことを、S4からS5の処理によって検知することができる。
つまり、制御部31は、操作部材25の操作量の変化量が閾値より小さくなったとき、第1信号制御手段40による作動信号を出力している。これにより、作業者が、操作部材25から一旦手を離したが、その後直ぐに操作部材25を手で持って操作したときに、直ちに通常の動作に戻ることができて、操作しやすい。
In addition, it is possible to determine whether or not the operation member 25 has returned sharply from the state in which the operation member 25 is moving sharply by the processing from S4 to S5. For example, the processing of S4 to S5 indicates that the operator has moved the operation member 25 away from a predetermined position, and the operation member 25 has moved sharply for a moment, and then the operator has operated the operation member 25 again. Can be detected.
That is, the control unit 31 outputs the operation signal from the first signal control means 40 when the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member 25 becomes smaller than the threshold value. As a result, the operator once released the hand from the operation member 25, but immediately after that, when the operation member 25 is held and operated by hand, it can immediately return to the normal operation and is easy to operate.

また、S5からS1の処理によって操作部材25の操作量の変化量が閾値を超えたときから所定時間繰り返して第2信号制御手段41による制御を行うことができる。
作業者が操作部材25を揺動させた状態から操作部材25から手を離すと、当該操作部材25は弾性部材25bによって勢い良く中立位置への引き戻され、図4に示すように、操作部材25が中立位置を中心として揺動するハンチングが発生する。従来のように、操作部材25がハンチングしている間も、その操作量に応じて比例電磁弁への出力電流を制御すると、比例電磁弁28が正逆動作し、その結果、油圧アクチュエータの動作が不安定となってショックが発生する。中立位置を中心とし、手を離したときの位置から反対側へ操作部材25が移動してしまうと、場合によっては、油圧アクチュエータが意図としない方向(操作部材25を手を離す直前と異なる逆の方向)に動作してしまう虞もある。
Further, the second signal control means 41 can perform the control repeatedly for a predetermined time after the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member 25 exceeds the threshold value by the processing of S5 to S1.
When the operator releases his / her hand from the state in which the operation member 25 is swung, the operation member 25 is vigorously pulled back to the neutral position by the elastic member 25b, and as shown in FIG. Hunting occurs that swings around the neutral position. Even when the operating member 25 is hunting as in the prior art, if the output current to the proportional solenoid valve is controlled in accordance with the amount of operation, the proportional solenoid valve 28 operates forward and backward, resulting in the operation of the hydraulic actuator. Becomes unstable and a shock occurs. If the operation member 25 moves to the opposite side from the position when the hand is released with the neutral position as the center, depending on the case, the hydraulic actuator may not be in the intended direction (the reverse is different from immediately before the operation member 25 is released). There is also a risk of moving in the direction of

一方、本発明によれば、第1信号制御手段40に加えて、操作部材25の操作量の変化量が急峻であるとき(変化量が閾値を超えたとき)は第1信号制御手段40による電流値よりも小さな電流値を当該第1信号制御手段40に代えて電磁弁に出力する第2信号制御手段41を備えているため、操作部材25を離したときの電流値を図6のように滑らかにすることができる。   On the other hand, according to the present invention, in addition to the first signal control means 40, when the change amount of the operation amount of the operation member 25 is steep (when the change amount exceeds the threshold value), the first signal control means 40 Since the second signal control means 41 for outputting a current value smaller than the current value to the electromagnetic valve instead of the first signal control means 40 is provided, the current value when the operation member 25 is released is as shown in FIG. Can be smoothed.

そのため、作業者が操作部材25を揺動させた状態から操作部材25から手を離し、操作部材25がハンチングしたとしても、図6に示すように、比例制御弁28の出力電流は、時間がたつにしたがって徐々に減少するものとなるため、上述したような問題は生じず、油圧アクチュエータの動作が不安定となるショックを緩和することができると共に、油圧アクチュエータAが意図しない方向に動作することを防止することができる。   Therefore, even if the operator releases the operation member 25 from the state in which the operation member 25 is swung and the operation member 25 is hunted, the output current of the proportional control valve 28 is as follows. Therefore, the above-mentioned problem does not occur, the shock that causes the hydraulic actuator to become unstable can be mitigated, and the hydraulic actuator A operates in an unintended direction. Can be prevented.

なお、今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
上記の実施形態では、比例電磁弁28に出力する出力電流を、例えば、式(1)により求めるものとしているが、これに代え、図6に示すように、出力電流を時間が経過するにつれて徐々に減少させる別の関数や制御マップを予め用意していて第2信号制御手段41による制御を行っても良い。
The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.
In the above embodiment, the output current output to the proportional solenoid valve 28 is obtained by, for example, the equation (1), but instead, as shown in FIG. 6, the output current is gradually increased as time elapses. Alternatively, another function or control map to be decreased may be prepared in advance and the control by the second signal control means 41 may be performed.

1 作業機
25 操作部材
27 制御弁
28 電磁弁(比例電磁弁)
31 制御部(コントローラ)
40 第1信号制御手段
41 第2信号制御手段
A 油圧アクチュエータ
S1 操作信号
1 Work Machine 25 Operation Member 27 Control Valve 28 Solenoid Valve (Proportional Solenoid Valve)
31 Controller (Controller)
40 First signal control means 41 Second signal control means A Hydraulic actuator S1 Operation signal

Claims (2)

パイロット圧に応じて油圧アクチュエータに作動油を供給する制御弁と、この制御弁へのパイロット圧を作動信号に応じて調整する電磁弁と、この電磁弁の作動信号を制御する制御部と、前記油圧アクチュエータを操作するための操作部材とを備えた作業機において、
前記制御部は、
前記操作部材の操作量の変化量が閾値を超えたか否かを判定する判定部と、
前記判定部により変化量が閾値を超えていないと判断された場合に、予め設定された操作量と作動信号とに基づいて前記操作部材の操作量に対応した大きさの作動信号を求め、求めた作動信号を前記電磁弁に出力する第1信号制御手段と、
前記判定部により変化量が閾値を超えたと判断された場合に、前記第1信号制御手段にて設定された作動信号の大きさに基づいて当該作動信号よりも小さな作動信号を求め、求めた作動信号を第1信号制御手段に代えて電磁弁に出力する第2信号制御手段と、
を備え、
前記第1信号制御手段は、前記第2信号制御手段による作動信号の出力後に、新たに操作された操作部材の操作量に対応した新たな作動信号の大きさを求め、
前記判定部は、前記第1信号制御手段により求めた新たな作動信号と前記第2信号制御手段により出力した作動信号とを比較して、当該第1信号制御手段により求めた作動信号が前記第2信号制御手段により出力した作動信号よりも大きい場合に、前記操作部材の操作量の変化量が閾値を超えたか否かを判定することを特徴とする作業機。
A control valve for supplying hydraulic oil to the hydraulic actuator in accordance with the pilot pressure, a solenoid valve for adjusting the pilot pressure to the control valve in accordance with the actuation signal, a control unit for controlling the actuation signal of the solenoid valve, In a working machine having an operation member for operating a hydraulic actuator,
The controller is
A determination unit that determines whether or not a change amount of the operation amount of the operation member exceeds a threshold ;
When the determination unit determines that the change amount does not exceed the threshold value, an operation signal having a magnitude corresponding to the operation amount of the operation member is obtained based on the operation amount and the operation signal set in advance. First signal control means for outputting the actuated signal to the solenoid valve;
When the determination unit determines that the amount of change exceeds a threshold value, an operation signal smaller than the operation signal is obtained based on the magnitude of the operation signal set by the first signal control unit, and the obtained operation Second signal control means for outputting a signal to the solenoid valve instead of the first signal control means;
With
The first signal control means obtains the magnitude of a new operation signal corresponding to the operation amount of the newly operated operation member after the operation signal is output by the second signal control means,
The determination unit compares the new operation signal obtained by the first signal control unit with the operation signal output by the second signal control unit, and determines that the operation signal obtained by the first signal control unit is the first signal. A work machine characterized by determining whether or not the amount of change in the operation amount of the operation member exceeds a threshold when the operation signal is greater than the operation signal output by the two-signal control means.
前記制御部は、前記操作部材の操作量の変化量が閾値より小さくなったとき、前記第1信号制御手段による作動信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の作業機。   2. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein the control unit outputs an operation signal from the first signal control unit when a change amount of an operation amount of the operation member becomes smaller than a threshold value. 3.
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