JP5600249B2 - 天然ガスを液化するための装置及びこれと関連した方法 - Google Patents
天然ガスを液化するための装置及びこれと関連した方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5600249B2 JP5600249B2 JP2009145175A JP2009145175A JP5600249B2 JP 5600249 B2 JP5600249 B2 JP 5600249B2 JP 2009145175 A JP2009145175 A JP 2009145175A JP 2009145175 A JP2009145175 A JP 2009145175A JP 5600249 B2 JP5600249 B2 JP 5600249B2
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- Prior art keywords
- natural gas
- stream
- heat exchanger
- cooling
- carbon dioxide
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 234
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Images
Classifications
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/68—Separating water or hydrates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/60—Expansion by ejector or injector, e.g. "Gasstrahlpumpe", "venturi mixing", "jet pumps"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure
- Y10S62/904—Coiled heat exchanger
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/928—Recovery of carbon dioxide
- Y10S62/929—From natural gas
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Description
次に図4乃至図15を参照し、液化プラント102’’で実施されるプロセスの一例を説明する。図14は、図4と同じ(図3の追加の構成要素−例えばコンプレッサー154及び膨張器156、等を組み合わせた)プロセスフローダイヤグラムであるが、明瞭化を図るために構成要素の参照番号が省略してあるということに着目されたい。上文中に図4を参照して一般的プロセスを説明したが、以下の例は、本明細書中において状態点と呼ぶ、プラントに亘る様々な位置での、プラント102’’の計算した作動設計によるガス/液体/スラリーの例示の状態を説明する。
102 天然ガス液化プラント
104 パイプライン
106 圧力レギュレータ
108 供給ガス
110 流量計
112 プラント入口
Claims (19)
- 天然ガスの流れから二酸化炭素を除去する方法において、
天然ガス源からの前記天然ガスの流れを、天然ガスの第1部分と天然ガスの第2部分とに分割する工程と、
前記天然ガスの第1部分を膨張し、前記天然ガスの第1部分の冷却流を形成する工程と、
複数の熱交換器の一つを通して前記天然ガスの第2部分を流すと共に、前記天然ガスの第1部分の冷却流を用いて前記天然ガスの第2部分を冷却する工程と、
前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分をチューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器からなる前記複数の熱交換器の他の熱交換器に他の熱交換器の一つ又はそれ以上のコイルを通して流す工程と、
前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの一部分を分流し、天然ガス及び二酸化炭素のスラリーを形成するために前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの分流された一部分を膨張し、前記複数の熱交換器の前記チューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器の一つ又はそれ以上のコイルを通過する工程と、
少なくとも液体天然ガス及び固体二酸化炭素を含むスラリーを形成するために、前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの他の部分を膨張する工程と、
液体サイクロンを通して前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの膨張された他の部分から形成された液体天然ガス及び固体二酸化炭素のスラリーを流す工程と、
前記液体サイクロンのアンダーフローから固体二酸化炭素及び前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの膨張された他の部分から形成された液体天然ガスの一部を除去し、前記天然ガスの第1部分の冷却流を前記天然ガス源に戻す工程とを含む方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記液体サイクロンのアンダーフローから固体二酸化炭素及び前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの膨張された他の部分から形成された液体天然ガスの一部を除去する工程は、更に、遠心力によって前記液体サイクロン内で固体二酸化炭素及び液体天然ガスの一部を含むスラッシュを形成し、前記スラッシュを前記液体サイクロンのアンダーフローを通して流す工程を備える方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、前記液体サイクロンのオーバーフローを通して、前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの膨張された他の部分から形成された液体天然ガスの残りの部分を流す工程を更に備える方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法において、前記天然ガスの第1部分の冷却流を用いて冷却する前に、前記天然ガスの第2部分を圧縮する工程を更に備える方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法において、少なくとも一つのスクリーンフィルタを通して、前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの膨張された他の部分から形成された液体天然ガスの残りの部分を流す工程を更に備える方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法において、天然ガスの第2部分を冷却する工程は、更に、前記チューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器の冷媒として、前記液体サイクロンのアンダーフローから流れる前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの膨張された他の部分から形成された前記スラッシュを使用する工程を含む方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法において、天然ガスの流れを未純化天然ガス源から引き出す工程を更に備える方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法において、スラッシュの蒸気を形成する工程及びこの蒸気を未純化天然ガス源内に排出する工程を更に備える方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、天然ガス及び二酸化炭素のスラリーを形成するために前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの分流された一部分を膨張する工程、及び、少なくとも液体天然ガス及び固体二酸化炭素を含むスラリーを形成するために、前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの他の部分を膨張する工程は、前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の一部分及び他の部分の各々を少なくとも一つのジュール−トムソンバルブを通して流す工程を含む方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記冷却された天然ガスの第2部分の流れの膨張された他の部分が前記液体サイクロンを通って流れる前に前記天然ガスの第2部分から水を除去する工程を更に備える方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記天然ガスの第1部分を膨張する工程は、前記天然ガスの第1部分をこれから仕事を発生する膨張器を通して流す工程と、前記膨張器が発生した仕事を使用して前記天然ガスの第2部分を圧縮する工程と、膨張された前記天然ガスの第1部分を使用して、前記天然ガスの第2部分を部分的に冷却する工程とを更に備える方法。
- 天然ガスの流れから二酸化炭素を除去するためのシステムおいて、
天然ガス源からの前記天然ガスの流れを、天然ガスのプロセス流と天然ガスの冷却流とに分割するための装置と、
前記天然ガスのプロセス流から、圧縮された天然ガス流を製造するように形成されたコンプレッサーと、
熱交換器の各々が、冷却された圧縮された天然ガス流を形成するために前記圧縮された天然ガス流を受け入れて冷却するように位置決めされており且つ形成された、複数の熱交換器であって、前記複数の熱交換器のうちの一つの熱交換器が、前記天然ガスの冷却流を使用して前記圧縮された天然ガス流を冷却するために配置され、前記複数の熱交換器のうちの他の熱交換器が、チューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器からなり、前記チューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器は、複数のコイルと、複数のコイルの一つのコイルを通した前記圧縮された天然ガス流を維持すると共に、前記圧縮された天然ガス流を前記チューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器の複数のコイルの一つ又はそれ以上の他のコイルに分流する分流器とを有する、
複数の熱交換器と、
前記冷却された圧縮された天然ガス流の一部分を受け入れると共に、天然ガス及び固体二酸化炭素のスラリーを形成するために前記冷却された圧縮された天然ガス流の一部分を膨張するように位置決めされており且つ形成された第1の手段と、
前記第1の手段からのスラリーを前記チューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器に導き、前記第1の手段からのスラリーをチューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器の一つ又はそれ以上のコイルを通過するための第2の手段と、
前記チューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器からの冷却された圧縮された天然ガス流の他の部分を受け入れて膨張し、液体天然ガス及び液体天然ガスの固体二酸化炭素を含むスラリーを形成するように位置決めされており且つ形成された第3の手段と、
前記第3の手段からのスラリーを受け取って、このスラリーを天然ガス蒸気から分離するように位置決めされており且つ形成された液体−ガスセパレーターと、
前記液体−ガスセパレーターからのスラリーを受け取ってこのスラリーを液体天然ガスの第1部分、及び固体二酸化炭素及び液体天然ガスの第2部分を含むスラッシュに分離するように位置決めされており且つ形成された液体サイクロンと、
前記天然ガス源に前記天然ガスの冷却流を戻すための装置とを備えるシステム。 - 請求項12に記載のシステムにおいて、前記天然ガスの冷却流を受け入れるように位置決めされており且つ形成されており、これから天然ガスの膨張した冷却流を製造するターボ膨張器を更に備え、前記ターボ膨張器は前記コンプレッサーに機械的に連結されてコンプレッサーに動力を提供するシステム。
- 請求項13に記載のシステムにおいて、前記複数の熱交換器の一つの熱交換器は、前記ターボ膨張器からの前記膨張した冷却流を前記圧縮された天然ガス流に関して向流をなして流すために受け入れるように位置決めされているシステム。
- 請求項14に記載のシステムにおいて、前記圧縮された天然ガス流が前記一つの熱交換器を通って流れるときに前記圧縮された天然ガス流から水を除去するように位置決めされており且つ形成されたフィルタを更に備えるシステム。
- 請求項15に記載のシステムにおいて、液体天然ガスの前記第1部分を受け取るように位置決めされており且つ形成された少なくとも一つのスクリーンフィルタを更に備えるシステム。
- 請求項16に記載のシステムにおいて、前記少なくとも一つのスクリーンフィルタは、液体天然ガスの前記第1部分の流路に順次配置されたステンレス鋼メッシュ製の複数のスクリーンフィルタを含み、前記流路に沿った連続した前記複数のスクリーンフィルタの各々は、前記流路に沿って上流の隣接したスクリーンフィルタに対してメッシュの大きさが小さいシステム。
- 請求項12に記載のシステムにおいて、少なくとも一つの熱交換器は、複数のアルミニウムプレートを含むシステム。
- 請求項12に記載のシステムにおいて、前記チューブ−イン−シェル型熱交換器は、ステンレス鋼製タンク内で垂直方向に積み重ねられた複数のステンレス鋼製コイルを含むシステム。
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110709661B (zh) * | 2017-01-23 | 2021-12-10 | 持续能源解决有限公司 | 连接至凝华热交换器的循环流化床 |
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