JP5574489B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

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JP5574489B2
JP5574489B2 JP2010258571A JP2010258571A JP5574489B2 JP 5574489 B2 JP5574489 B2 JP 5574489B2 JP 2010258571 A JP2010258571 A JP 2010258571A JP 2010258571 A JP2010258571 A JP 2010258571A JP 5574489 B2 JP5574489 B2 JP 5574489B2
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cutter
excavator
outer shell
propulsion
excavation
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JP2012107464A (en
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栄治 酒井
文彦 松元
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株式会社アルファシビルエンジニアリング
ボーディング株式会社
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Description

本発明は、推進工法による掘進途中で障害物に遭遇した際、地表より立坑を設置することなく、掘進機内よりその撤去作業のためにカッター及び駆動部を一体で一時的に推進管内へ引き戻し、再度元の位置へ据え付けを可能とする掘進機に関する。   The present invention, when encountering an obstacle in the middle of excavation by the propulsion method, without setting up a shaft from the surface, temporarily retract the cutter and the drive unit integrally into the propulsion pipe for the removal work from within the excavator, The present invention relates to an excavator that can be installed again in its original position.

推進工法やシールド工法は、都市トンネルの非開削技術として数多くの実績を有している。特に、管路埋設工事に関しては都市部では地上の占用が難しく、近接建造物や地中埋設管の輻輳化により開削工法が不可能と考えられ、非開削技術が非常に有効な施工技術である。そのためには、既設インフラの位置確認やその調査が重要であるが、過去の工事による完成書類の不備や施工条件及びその箇所の変更（埋設位置や高さ）を示した変更書類の管理がおろそかとなり、これらの不備が掘進開始後の試験掘削で発見される場合や、発見されないまま掘進が継続されて掘進途中での既設インフラとの接触で事故やトラブルが発生する場合もある。   The propulsion method and shield method have many achievements as non-cutting technologies for urban tunnels. In particular, pipe burial work is difficult to occupy on the ground in urban areas, and it is considered impossible to cut open due to the congestion of nearby buildings and underground pipes. Non-cutting technology is a very effective construction technique. . To that end, it is important to confirm the location of existing infrastructure and to investigate it, but it is not possible to manage the changed documents that indicate the incompleteness of completed documents due to past construction, the construction conditions, and changes in the location (burial position and height). Thus, there are cases where these deficiencies are discovered in a test excavation after the start of excavation, or the excavation is continued without being discovered and an accident or a trouble occurs due to contact with existing infrastructure during the excavation.

そのような地中におけるトラブルが発生した場合の対策としては、以下のような手段が講じられる。
ａ）現在掘進中の掘進機を停止させ、とりあえず掘進機を回収する立坑をその場に設置し、掘進機を回収して工事を中止する（路上・地表面からの処理）。
ｂ）支障物件となる既設埋設物を切り回し、接触する既設埋設物を立坑設置か、掘進機のカッターで無理矢理破砕し、撤去した後に掘進を再開する（路上・地表面からの処理）。
ｃ）下水道等の自然流下方式では一定勾配であるために不可能であるが、インフラの目的が水道・電力・通信、その他勾配に関係がない都市トンネルの場合は、掘進機をある程度後方へ引き戻し、平面曲線や縦断曲線を伴って既設埋設物の左右もしくは上方や下方に迂回して掘進を続ける。この場合、引き戻す箇所の空隙充填工や地盤改良工が必要となり、地盤を陥没させないために様々な補助工法が活用される（路上及び掘進機内の双方からの対策工が必要）。 The following measures are taken as countermeasures when such underground troubles occur.
a) Stop the excavator that is currently excavating, install a vertical shaft to collect the excavator for the time being, collect the excavator, and stop the construction (processing from the road and the ground surface).
b) Cut the existing buried objects that will become obstacles, and install the existing buried objects that are in contact with shafts or forcefully crush them with a cutter of an excavator, and then resume the excavation after removal (processing from the road and the ground surface).
c) Although it is impossible due to the constant slope of the natural flow method such as sewerage, in the case of urban tunnels where the purpose of the infrastructure is not related to water supply, electricity, communication, or other slopes, the excavator is pulled back to some extent. Continue the excavation by detouring to the left or right or above or below the existing buried object with a plane curve or a longitudinal curve. In this case, a space filling work or a ground improvement work is required at the place to be pulled back, and various auxiliary construction methods are used to prevent the ground from sinking (measure work from both the road and the excavator is required).

また、新しい施工法としては、掘進機の前方の地山を自立させる手段（切羽限定圧気工法、薬液注入工法等）を機内から施し、地山の自立を確保して地下水の侵入を防止し、掘進機外殻をそのまま残置し、駆動部やカッターを一体のまま後方へ引き戻し、掘進機外殻内から前方の切羽を開放して人力にて障害物を物理的・機械的に撤去し、その後、駆動部やカッターを掘進機外殻内に再挿入して掘進を再開させる掘進機構造や手順が考えられる。   In addition, as a new construction method, means to make the ground in front of the excavator self-sustained (face limited pressure pneumatic construction method, chemical injection method, etc.) is given from inside the machine, ensuring independence of the natural ground and preventing intrusion of groundwater, Leave the excavator shell as it is, pull the drive unit and cutter back together, open the front face from inside the excavator shell and remove the obstacles physically and mechanically by human power, then An excavator structure and a procedure for restarting excavation by reinserting the drive unit and the cutter into the excavator outer shell can be considered.

この施工法に対する現状の技術としては、ＤＡＰＰＩ工法やバルクヘッド（隔壁）の一部の点検窓を開放する施工法が存在するが、機械的な仕様から比較的小規模の掘削トンネルには活用が難しい。特に、バルクヘッドの開放方式では、駆動ギヤと隔壁が一体となっている掘進機が一般的であるため、ギヤやモーターが縮小化され、掘進時の掘削能力の低下や掘進機が強度不足となりやすい。また、一般的な掘進機は余掘り（オーバーカット）するためにカッター部が掘進機外殻の外側まで達する長さに製作されているから、カッター部を掘進機の内部へ引き戻す際にカッターを縮めない限り掘進機外殻と干渉して引き戻しが困難である。   Current techniques for this construction method include the DAPPI method and the construction method that opens some inspection windows of the bulkhead (partition wall), but it can be used for relatively small excavation tunnels due to mechanical specifications. difficult. In particular, in the open method of the bulkhead, the excavator with the drive gear and bulkhead integrated is common, so the gears and motors are reduced, and the excavation capability during excavation is reduced and the excavator becomes insufficient in strength. Cheap. In addition, the general excavator is manufactured in such a length that the cutter part reaches the outside of the excavator outer shell for over-cutting, so when the cutter part is pulled back into the excavator, Unless retracted, it will be difficult to pull back due to interference with the outer shell of the excavator.

その対策として、十字状のカッター部のスポークに油圧シリンダーを挿入して伸縮自在にしたコピーカッター方式（例えば特許文献１参照）があるが、掘進中の油圧回路の油漏れや衝撃による油圧シリンダーの変形等が発生しやすく、伸縮寸法も限度があるのが実状である。また、コピーカッター方式は外周と内周の周速度が異なるから、掘削・攪拌・混合が不均一となり、流動化された土砂の形成が遅れて掘進速度が低下する場合がある。このように、推進工法における途中での掘進機前面の切羽の開放は、地盤改良効果の是非によっては安全性の確保に問題を残し、事故が発生する可能性が高く、設計管路を計画通り地中に埋設することは困難が伴う。   As a countermeasure, there is a copy cutter system in which a hydraulic cylinder is inserted into the spoke of the cross-shaped cutter part to make it extendable (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The actual condition is that deformation and the like are likely to occur, and there is a limit to the stretchable dimensions. In addition, since the peripheral speed of the outer periphery and the inner periphery of the copy cutter method are different, excavation, stirring, and mixing are not uniform, and formation of fluidized sediment may be delayed and the excavation speed may decrease. In this way, the opening of the front face of the excavator in the middle of the propulsion method leaves a problem in ensuring safety depending on the ground improvement effect, and there is a high possibility that an accident will occur. It is difficult to embed in the ground.

特開２００８−２０８５５０号公報JP 2008-208550 A

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、従来のこれらの問題点を解消し、前記コピーカッター方式での掘進中の油圧回路の油漏れや衝撃による油圧シリンダーの変形等による引き戻し機能の不安を確実に解消し、掘削・攪拌・混合を均一に行わせて掘進速度を向上できるようにすることにある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve these conventional problems, and to ensure the anxiety of the pull back function due to oil leakage of the hydraulic circuit during excavation by the copy cutter method or deformation of the hydraulic cylinder due to impact. The goal is to improve the excavation speed by uniformly excavating, stirring and mixing.

かかる課題を解決した本発明の構成は、
１） 掘進機外殻の前方に地山を掘削する複数のカッターを設け、その各カッターを駆動する掘進機外殻内に設けた駆動装置を掘進機外殻に対して脱着可能に取り付け、掘進機外殻の後端に一定の厚みを有するコンクリート製の推進管を複数接続して最後尾を元押しし、駆動装置でカッターを回転させて地山を掘削しながら推進管を地中に埋入して管路を構築する掘進機において、前記各カッターを駆動装置の前面に備えた回転盤の偏心位置に軸支して自転公転可能にし、その各カッターはその自転軸から左右に伸びる左右片とこれと直角方向に伸びる下片とを略Ｔ字形状に有し、これらの自転軸から複数方向に伸びる片の先端にビットを取り付けた構造とし、その各カッターの下方同士が近接した位置位相において各カッターを推進管の内径より内側となる寸法及び形状に形成し、且つ各カッターの自転軸中心からビット先端までの長さを掘進機外殻の外側まで余掘りできる長さに形成し、さらに駆動装置の外径を推進管の内径より小径に形成したことを特徴とする、掘進機
２） カッターが、その自転軸の中心から各ビットの先端までの距離がそれぞれ同じである、前記１）記載の掘進機
３） 掘進機外殻の内面に推進管の内径より縮径した胴管を取り付け、その胴管内に駆動装置を移動可能に挿入した、前記１）又は２）いずれか記載の掘進機
にある。
The configuration of the present invention that solves this problem is as follows.
1) A plurality of cutters that excavate natural ground are provided in front of the excavator outer shell, and the driving device provided in the excavator outer shell that drives each cutter is detachably attached to the excavator outer shell, Connect a number of concrete propulsion pipes with a certain thickness to the rear end of the machine outer shell, push the tail end forward, rotate the cutter with the drive unit and dig the ground, bury the propulsion pipes in the ground In the excavator that enters and constructs the pipeline, each cutter is pivotally supported by an eccentric position of a rotating disk provided on the front face of the driving device so that it can rotate and revolve, and each cutter extends to the left and right from the rotation axis. It has a structure in which a bit is attached to the tip of a piece that has a piece and a lower piece that extends in a direction perpendicular to it in a substantially T shape, and extends in a plurality of directions from these rotation shafts, and the positions below each cutter are close to each other The inner diameter of the propelling tube for each cutter in phase It is formed to have a size and shape that is more inside, and the length from the center of rotation axis of each cutter to the tip of the bit is formed so that it can be dug to the outside of the outer shell of the excavator, and the outer diameter of the drive unit is further promoted wherein the than the inner diameter of the tube formed in the small diameter, the shield machine 2) cutter, the distance from the center of the rotation axis of that to the tip of each bit is the same, respectively, wherein 1) excavator 3 according) The excavator according to either 1) or 2) above, wherein a cylinder pipe having a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the propulsion pipe is attached to the inner surface of the excavator outer shell, and a drive device is movably inserted into the cylinder pipe .

本発明の前記１）〜３）記載の構成によれば、掘進時はカッターの自転公転で掘進機外殻の外側まで地山を余掘りし、テールボイド層を形成することで推進時の地山との摩擦抵抗を低減する。障害物の撤去等でカッターや駆動部を一時的に引き戻す際は、各カッターの下片同士が近接した位置位相で駆動装置を停止させることで、各カッターが推進管のコンクリートの内面より内側に格納された状態となり、推進管のコンクリートと接触することなくカッターや駆動部を一体のまま推進管内を通じて後方へ引き戻すことができる。
According to the configuration described in the above 1) to 3) of the present invention, during excavation, a natural ground during propulsion is formed by excavating a natural ground to the outside of the outer shell of the excavator by rotating and revolving the cutter and forming a tail void layer. And reduce frictional resistance. When retracting the cutter and drive unit temporarily in removal or the like of the obstacle, by stopping the driving devices at positions置位phase lower piece of the respective cutters are close, from the inner surface of the concrete of each cutter propulsion tube It is in a state of being stored inside, and the cutter and the drive unit can be pulled back backward through the propulsion pipe without being in contact with the concrete of the propulsion pipe.

このように、カッターの動作は自転公転のみで伸縮等の動作は無いから、従来技術のコピーカッター方式のように掘進時の油圧回路の油漏れや衝撃による油圧シリンダーの変形等がなく、安定した掘進を長期に渡って継続できる。また、カッターの自転公転により地山が一定の周速度で均一に掘削されるから、従来技術のコピーカッター方式と比較して大きなトルク機能を有することが可能となり、掘削・攪拌・混合の効果が高く、掘進速度を向上できる。   In this way, the cutter only rotates and revolves, and there is no movement such as expansion and contraction. Therefore, unlike the conventional copy cutter method, there is no oil leakage of the hydraulic circuit during excavation or deformation of the hydraulic cylinder due to impact, and it is stable. You can continue digging for a long time. In addition, since the natural ground is excavated uniformly at a constant peripheral speed due to the rotation and revolution of the cutter, it is possible to have a large torque function compared to the copy cutter method of the prior art, and the effect of excavation, stirring and mixing is High and can improve the excavation speed.

また、本発明の前記３）記載の構成によれば、駆動装置の掘進機外殻内での移動は内側に設置した胴管によってガイドされるから、掘進機外殻内から推進管内まで円滑に引き戻すことができる。また、再挿入時も駆動装置は推進管内から掘進機外殻内へ円滑に移動でき、さらに隔壁の開口部にズレなく容易に再据え付けできる。 Further, according to the configuration described in 3 ) of the present invention, since the movement of the driving device within the outer shell of the excavator is guided by the trunk pipe installed on the inner side, the drive unit smoothly moves from the inner shell of the excavator to the inside of the propulsion pipe. Can be pulled back. In addition, the drive device can be smoothly moved from the propelling pipe into the excavator shell even during re-insertion, and can be easily re-installed in the opening of the partition wall without displacement.

実施例の掘進機の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the excavation machine of an Example. 実施例のカッターを格納した掘進機の正面図である。It is a front view of the excavation machine which stored the cutter of the Example. 実施例の他の例のカッターを格納した掘進機の正面図である。It is a front view of the excavation machine which stored the cutter of the other example of an Example. 実施例のカッターによる余掘りを示す掘進機の正面図である。It is a front view of the excavation machine which shows the surplus digging by the cutter of an Example. 実施例のカッターの自転公転を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the rotation revolution of the cutter of an Example. 実施例のカッターの回転軌跡を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the rotation locus | trajectory of the cutter of an Example. 実施例のカッターの引き戻しを示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows pullback of the cutter of an Example.

以下、本発明を実施するための形態を実施例と図面に基づいて具体的に説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described based on examples and drawings.

図１は実施例の掘進機の縦断面図、図２は実施例のカッターを格納した掘進機の正面図、図３は実施例の他の例のカッターを格納した掘進機の正面図、図４は実施例のカッターによる余掘りを示す掘進機の正面図、図５は実施例のカッターの自転公転を示す説明図、図６は実施例のカッターの回転軌跡を示す説明図、図７は実施例のカッターの引き戻しを示す説明図である。   1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the excavator of the embodiment, FIG. 2 is a front view of the excavator storing the cutter of the embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the excavator storing the cutter of another example of the embodiment, FIG. 4 is a front view of an excavator showing extra digging by the cutter of the embodiment, FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the rotation and revolution of the cutter of the embodiment, FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the rotation trajectory of the cutter of the embodiment, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows pullback of the cutter of an Example.

図中、１は掘進機、２は掘進機外殻、２ａは隔壁、２ｂは胴管、２ｃはシール材、３は方向修正ジャッキ、４は駆動装置、４ａは回転盤、５はカッター、５ａは自転軸、５ｂはビット、６は排土装置、６ａは排土口、７は推進管である。   In the figure, 1 is an excavator, 2 is an excavator shell, 2a is a partition wall, 2b is a trunk tube, 2c is a sealing material, 3 is a direction correcting jack, 4 is a drive device, 4a is a rotating disk, 5 is a cutter, 5a Is a rotation shaft, 5b is a bit, 6 is a soil removal device, 6a is a soil discharge port, and 7 is a propulsion pipe.

図１に示すように、掘進機外殻２は断面円形で、分割した前後の内面に方向修正ジャッキ３を取り付けて方向修正を可能にし、その掘進機外殻２の隔壁２ａの開口部に対して駆動装置４をボルト（図示せず）で内側から脱着可能に取り付けている。駆動装置４は前面に回転盤４ａを有し、その回転盤４ａの偏心位置に２体のカッター５を対向して軸支し、駆動装置４で回転盤４ａと各カッター５を駆動すると、各カッター５が時計回りに自転公転するようになっている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the excavator outer shell 2 has a circular cross section, and a direction correcting jack 3 is attached to the front and rear inner surfaces of the excavator outer shell 2 so that the direction can be corrected. Then, the drive device 4 is detachably attached from the inside with a bolt (not shown). The driving device 4 has a rotating disk 4a on the front surface. Two cutters 5 are opposed to and supported by the eccentric position of the rotating disk 4a. When the driving device 4 drives the rotating disk 4a and each cutter 5, The cutter 5 rotates and revolves clockwise.

回転盤４ａの中央部は排土口６ａを開口し、その排土口６ａに排土装置６を取り付けて駆動装置４を貫通している。この排土装置６と駆動装置４と各カッター５は一体化している。掘進機外殻２の内面に推進管７の内径より少し縮径した胴管２ｂを取り付け、その内面に土砂を遮断するシール材２ｃを複数設置し、その胴管２ｂ内に駆動装置４を移動可能に挿入して隔壁２ａの開口部に脱着可能に取り付けている。この胴管２ｂは、推進管７内への駆動装置４の引き戻し及び掘進機外殻２内への再挿入を円滑にするガイドとなるものである。駆動装置４の外径は推進管７の内径よりやや小径に形成している。推進管７は一定の厚みを有する鉄筋コンクリート製である。   A central portion of the rotating disk 4a opens a soil discharge port 6a, and a soil discharge device 6 is attached to the soil discharge port 6a to penetrate the drive device 4. The earth removing device 6, the driving device 4, and each cutter 5 are integrated. A barrel pipe 2b having a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the propelling pipe 7 is attached to the inner surface of the excavator outer shell 2, and a plurality of sealing materials 2c for blocking earth and sand are installed on the inner surface, and the drive unit 4 is moved into the trunk pipe 2b. It is inserted in such a manner that it is detachably attached to the opening of the partition wall 2a. The trunk pipe 2b serves as a guide for smoothly pulling back the drive device 4 into the propulsion pipe 7 and reinserting it into the outer shell 2 of the excavator. The outer diameter of the drive device 4 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the propulsion pipe 7. The propulsion pipe 7 is made of reinforced concrete having a certain thickness.

カッター５は、自転軸５ａから左右に伸びる左右片と自転軸５ａから下方に伸びる下片の先端にビット５ｂを取り付け、左右片の外端を緩やかな山形に起伏させた略Ｔ字形状である。例えば、φ１０００ｍｍ呼び径の推進管７を埋設する場合、図２に示すように、各カッター５の下片同士が近接した対称の向きとなる位置位相において、回転盤４ａの中心から前記起伏の先端までの長さＬ１及び左右端までの長さＬ２を４７５ｍｍに形成し、自転軸５ａの中心から各ビット５ｂの先端までの長さａをそれぞれ同じ長さに形成している。推進管７の内側半径ｒは５００ｍｍである。これにより、この位置位相で各カッター５を停止させると、推進管７の内面より内側に格納されるようになっている。図３に示すカッター５は実施例の他の例で、左右の下片が斜めに伸びる異形となっている点が異なるのみで、左右片の外端の起伏や回転盤４ａの中心から前記起伏の先端までの長さＬ１及び左右端までの長さＬ２、自転軸５ａの中心から各ビット５ｂの先端までの長さは実施例のカッター５と同じである。 The cutter 5 has a substantially T shape in which a bit 5b is attached to the tip of a left and right piece extending left and right from the rotation shaft 5a and a lower piece extending downward from the rotation shaft 5a, and the outer ends of the left and right pieces are undulated in a gentle mountain shape. . For example, when embedding a propulsion pipe 7 having a nominal diameter of φ1000 mm, as shown in FIG. 2, the tip of the undulation from the center of the rotating disk 4 a in a position phase where the lower pieces of the cutters 5 are in close proximity and symmetrical to each other. up to lengths up to L 1 and the left and right ends of the length L 2 was formed on 475 mm, to form a length a to the tip of each bit 5b the same length each from the center of the rotation axis 5a. The inner radius r of the propulsion tube 7 is 500 mm. Thus, when each cutter 5 is stopped at this position phase, it is stored inside the inner surface of the propelling tube 7. The cutter 5 shown in FIG. 3 is another example of the embodiment, except that the left and right lower pieces are deformed so as to extend obliquely, and the undulations of the outer ends of the left and right pieces and the center of the rotary disk 4a are different. length L 2 to a length L 1 and the right and left ends to the tip, the length from the center to the tip of the bit 5b of rotation axis 5a is the same as the cutter 5 of example.

また、図４に示すように、カッター５の左右のビット５ｂの先端間の長さＬ３を６４０ｍｍに形成し、自転軸５ａの中心から下片のビット５ｂの先端までの長さＬ４を３２０ｍｍに形成し、自転軸５ａの中心位置（公転半径）を余掘りのラインと掘進機１の中心との間の中間より１０ｍｍほど外側にしている。掘進機外殻２の外側半径Ｒは６００ｍｍである。これにより、各カッター５が自転公転すると、先端のビット５ｂが掘進機外殻２の外側まで達して余掘りするようになっている。以上のように、どのような管呼び径寸法であっても、その内径以下にカッター５が停止、収納できる構造となっている。 Further, as shown in FIG. 4, to form a length L 3 between the tip of the bit 5b of the right and left of the cutter 5 to 640 mm, the length L 4 from the center of the rotation axis 5a to the tip of the bit 5b of the lower piece The center position (revolution radius) of the rotation shaft 5a is set to be about 10 mm outside the middle between the extra digging line and the center of the excavator 1. The outer radius R of the excavator outer shell 2 is 600 mm. Thereby, when each cutter 5 rotates and revolves, the bit 5b at the tip reaches the outside of the excavator outer shell 2 and digs further. As described above, the cutter 5 can be stopped and housed within the inner diameter of any pipe diameter size.

本実施例では、掘進機外殻２の後端に推進管７を複数接続し、その推進管列の最後尾を元押しして地中を掘進しながら管路を構築する。各カッター５は、図５，６に示すように自転公転しながら地山を掘進機外殻２の外側まで掘削し、掘削された土砂は排土口６ａから取り込まれて排土装置６で後方へ搬送される。この余掘り（テールボイド層）により推進時の地山との摩擦抵抗を低減する。また、自転公転により地山が一定の周速度で均一に掘削され、従来技術のコピーカッター方式によりカッターを縮径する方法と比較して掘削・攪拌・混合の効果が高くなり、掘進速度を向上できる。   In this embodiment, a plurality of propulsion pipes 7 are connected to the rear end of the excavator outer shell 2, and the pipe line is constructed while excavating the ground by pushing the tail end of the propulsion pipe row. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, each cutter 5 excavates the natural ground to the outside of the excavator outer shell 2 while rotating and revolving, and the excavated earth and sand is taken in from the earth discharge port 6 a and is rearward by the earth removal device 6. It is conveyed to. This extra excavation (tail void layer) reduces the frictional resistance with the natural ground during propulsion. In addition, the natural ground is evenly excavated at a constant peripheral speed due to rotation and revolution, and the excavation, agitation, and mixing effects are enhanced and the excavation speed is improved compared to the method of reducing the diameter of the cutter by the conventional copy cutter method. it can.

なお、図６に示す回転軌跡は一例であって、カッター５の自転公転比により回転軌跡の形状は変化する。例えば、公転１回転に対して自転４回転の場合、自転回転数（４回転）×ビット５ｂの個数（３個）×カッター５の軸数（２軸）＝２４箇所余掘りすることになる（９０°面で６箇所）。よって、自転公転比を大きくする（自転速度を速くするか又は公転速度を遅くする）ほど公転１回転当りの掘削箇所の数が増加し、より円形に近い形状に余掘りできる。硬質地盤では自転速度が速いと掘削され難いため、公転速度を遅くする。   Note that the rotation locus shown in FIG. 6 is an example, and the shape of the rotation locus changes depending on the rotation / revolution ratio of the cutter 5. For example, in the case of 4 rotations with respect to 1 revolution, the number of rotations (4 rotations) × the number of bits 5b (3) × the number of axes of the cutter 5 (2 axes) = 24 locations are dug ( 6 locations on the 90 ° plane). Therefore, as the rotation / revolution ratio is increased (the rotation speed is increased or the rotation speed is decreased), the number of excavation sites per revolution is increased, so that it is possible to excavate in a shape closer to a circle. In hard ground, if the rotation speed is high, it is difficult to excavate, so the revolution speed is slowed down.

ここで、掘進中に障害物が発見された場合、図２，３に示すように、各カッター５の下片同士が近接した対称の向きとなる位置位相でカッター５及び駆動装置４を停止する。そして、掘進機１の前方の地山に対して切羽限定圧気工法や薬液注入工法等を機内から施し、地山の自立を確保して地下水の侵入を防止する。なお、駆動装置４は、カッター５が自動的に前記の位置位相で停止するように制御できるものが望ましい。   Here, when an obstacle is discovered during excavation, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cutter 5 and the driving device 4 are stopped at a position phase where the lower pieces of the cutters 5 are close to each other in a symmetrical direction. . Then, the face limited pressure pneumatic method, the chemical solution injection method, etc. are applied to the ground in front of the excavator 1 from inside the machine to ensure the independence of the ground and prevent the intrusion of groundwater. The drive device 4 is preferably one that can be controlled so that the cutter 5 automatically stops at the position phase.

この状態で方向修正ジャッキ３及び推進管７の内径以下に存在する装置や備品を全て先に取り外し、続いて駆動装置４とカッター５と排土装置６を掘進機外殻２から取り外して後方へ引き戻し、掘進機外殻２を地中に残置する（図７参照）。このとき、カッター５は推進管７のコンクリートの内面より内側に格納された状態で且つ駆動装置４の外径が推進管７の内径より小径であるから、推進管７のコンクリートと接触することなく一体のまま後方へ引き戻すことができる。しかも、駆動装置４の掘進機外殻２内での移動は胴管２ｂによってガイドされ、推進管７内まで円滑に引き戻すことができる。   In this state, all the devices and equipment existing below the inner diameter of the direction correcting jack 3 and the propelling pipe 7 are removed first, and then the drive device 4, the cutter 5 and the earth removing device 6 are removed from the excavator outer shell 2 and moved backward. Pull back and leave the excavator shell 2 in the ground (see FIG. 7). At this time, since the cutter 5 is housed inside the concrete inner surface of the propulsion pipe 7 and the outer diameter of the drive device 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the propulsion pipe 7, it does not come into contact with the concrete of the propulsion pipe 7. It can be pulled back backwards as a unit. In addition, the movement of the driving device 4 in the excavator outer shell 2 is guided by the trunk tube 2 b and can be smoothly pulled back into the propulsion tube 7.

その後、前方の切羽を開放して障害物を物理的・機械的に撤去し、引き戻した駆動装置４とカッター５と排土装置６を掘進機外殻２内に再挿入して取り付け（必要に応じてカッター５のビット５ｂを機内で交換しておく）、続いて方向修正ジャッキ３を取り付け、掘進を再開させる。この再挿入時も、駆動装置４は胴管２ｂによってガイドされ、推進管７内から掘進機外殻２内へ円滑に移動でき、さらに隔壁２ａの開口部にズレなく容易に再据え付けできる。このように、カッター５の動作は自転公転のみで伸縮等の動作は無いから、従来技術のコピーカッター方式のように掘進時の油圧回路の油漏れや衝撃による油圧シリンダーの変形等がなく、掘削トルクを向上でき、安定した掘進を長期に渡って継続できる。   After that, the front face is opened and the obstacle is physically and mechanically removed, and the pulled-back drive device 4, cutter 5 and soil removal device 6 are reinserted into the excavator outer shell 2 and attached (necessary) Accordingly, the bit 5b of the cutter 5 is exchanged in the machine), and then the direction correcting jack 3 is attached and the excavation is resumed. Also at the time of reinsertion, the drive device 4 is guided by the trunk tube 2b, can be smoothly moved from the propulsion tube 7 into the outer shell 2 of the excavator, and can be easily re-installed in the opening of the partition wall 2a without displacement. In this way, the cutter 5 only rotates and revolves, and does not expand or contract. Therefore, unlike the conventional copy cutter method, there is no oil leakage in the hydraulic circuit during excavation or deformation of the hydraulic cylinder due to impact. Torque can be improved and stable excavation can be continued for a long time.

本発明の技術は、地上の占用が難しく、近接建造物や地中埋設管の輻輳化により開削工法が困難な都市トンネルの工事に有用である。   The technology of the present invention is useful for the construction of urban tunnels where it is difficult to occupy the ground and the open-cut method is difficult due to the congestion of nearby buildings and underground pipes.

１ 掘進機
２ 掘進機外殻
２ａ 隔壁
２ｂ 胴管
２ｃ シール材
３ 方向修正ジャッキ
４ 駆動装置
４ａ 回転盤
５ カッター
５ａ 自転軸
５ｂ ビット
６ 排土装置
６ａ 排土口
７ 推進管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Digging machine 2 Digging machine outer shell 2a Bulkhead 2b Trunk pipe 2c Sealing material 3 Direction correction jack 4 Drive device 4a Turning board 5 Cutter 5a Rotating shaft 5b Bit 6 Earth removing device 6a Earth exit 7 Propulsion tube

Claims (3)

掘進機外殻の前方に地山を掘削する複数のカッターを設け、その各カッターを駆動する掘進機外殻内に設けた駆動装置を掘進機外殻に対して脱着可能に取り付け、掘進機外殻の後端に一定の厚みを有するコンクリート製の推進管を複数接続して最後尾を元押しし、駆動装置でカッターを回転させて地山を掘削しながら推進管を地中に埋入して管路を構築する掘進機において、前記各カッターを駆動装置の前面に備えた回転盤の偏心位置に軸支して自転公転可能にし、その各カッターはその自転軸から左右に伸びる左右片とこれと直角方向に伸びる下片とを略Ｔ字形状に有し、これらの自転軸から複数方向に伸びる片の先端にビットを取り付けた構造とし、その各カッターの下方同士が近接した位置位相において各カッターを推進管の内径より内側となる寸法及び形状に形成し、且つ各カッターの自転軸中心からビット先端までの長さを掘進機外殻の外側まで余掘りできる長さに形成し、さらに駆動装置の外径を推進管の内径より小径に形成したことを特徴とする、掘進機。 A plurality of cutters that excavate natural ground are provided in front of the outer shell of the excavator, and the driving device provided in the outer shell of the excavator that drives each cutter is detachably attached to the outer shell of the excavator. Connect a number of concrete propulsion pipes with a certain thickness to the rear end of the shell, push the tail end forward, rotate the cutter with a drive unit and dig the ground, and embed the propulsion pipes in the ground In each of the excavating machines for constructing pipelines, each cutter is supported by an eccentric position of a rotating disk provided on the front surface of the driving device so as to be able to rotate and revolve, and each cutter has left and right pieces extending from the rotation axis to the left and right. It has a substantially T-shape with a lower piece extending in a perpendicular direction, and has a structure in which a bit is attached to the tip of a piece extending in a plurality of directions from these rotation axes, and in a position phase where the lower portions of each cutter are close to each other Each cutter from the inner diameter of the propelling tube The length from the center of the rotation axis of each cutter to the tip of the bit is formed so that it can be dug up to the outside of the outer shell of the excavator, and the outer diameter of the drive device is the propulsion pipe An excavation machine characterized in that it has a smaller diameter than the inner diameter. カッターが、その自転軸の中心から各ビットの先端までの距離がそれぞれ同じである、請求項１記載の掘進機。 Cutter, the distance from the center of the rotation axis of that to the tip of each bit is the same, respectively, excavator according to claim 1. 掘進機外殻の内面に推進管の内径より縮径した胴管を取り付け、その胴管内に駆動装置を移動可能に挿入した、請求項１又は２いずれか記載の掘進機。
 Inner surface fitted with a cylinder tube with diameter than the inner diameter of the propulsion tube of excavation outer compartment was inserted movably driving device for the barrel tube, excavator according to any one of claims 1 or 2.
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