JP5569393B2 - Method for producing porous membrane - Google Patents

Method for producing porous membrane Download PDF

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JP5569393B2
JP5569393B2 JP2010532372A JP2010532372A JP5569393B2 JP 5569393 B2 JP5569393 B2 JP 5569393B2 JP 2010532372 A JP2010532372 A JP 2010532372A JP 2010532372 A JP2010532372 A JP 2010532372A JP 5569393 B2 JP5569393 B2 JP 5569393B2
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勝彦 品田
久仁夫 三十尾
雅裕 田中
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D67/00Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/26Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D69/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08Hollow fibre membranes
    • B01D69/087Details relating to the spinning process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06Organic material
    • B01D71/24Rubbers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D71/00Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06Organic material
    • B01D71/66Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
    • B01D71/68Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/04Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
    • C08J2201/046Elimination of a polymeric phase

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  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Description

本発明は、水処理における精密濾過膜または限外濾過膜として好適な、多孔質膜の製造方法に関する。
本願は、2009年7月22日に、日本に出願された特願2009−171121号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
The present invention relates to a method for producing a porous membrane suitable as a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane in water treatment.
This application claims priority on July 22, 2009 based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-171121 for which it applied to Japan, and uses the content for it here.

近年、環境汚染に対する関心の高まりと規制の強化に伴って、分離の完全性やコンパクト性などに優れる点で、濾過膜を用いた膜法による水処理が注目を集めている。このような水処理のための用途において、濾過膜には優れた分離特性や透過性能や機械物性が要求される。   In recent years, with increasing interest in environmental pollution and stricter regulations, water treatment by a membrane method using a filtration membrane has attracted attention because of its excellent separation completeness and compactness. In such water treatment applications, filtration membranes are required to have excellent separation characteristics, permeation performance, and mechanical properties.

従来、透過性能の優れた濾過膜としては、ポリスルホン、ポリアクリロニトリル、セルロースアセテート、ポリフッ化ビニリデンなどの疎水性ポリマーを膜材形成ポリマーとして用い、湿式または乾湿式紡糸法により製造される濾過膜が知られている。これらの濾過膜は、ポリマー溶液をミクロ相分離させた後、前記ポリマー溶液を非溶媒中で凝固させて製造されるものであり、緻密層と支持層とを具備し、高空孔率で且つ非対称な構造を有する。具体的な製膜方法として、膜材形成ポリマーと、相分離を制御する添加剤とを含む製膜液を凝固液中で凝固させる方法が知られている。相分離を制御する添加剤としては、例えばポリエチレングリコールやポリビニルピロリドン等の親水性ポリマーが用いられる。前記相分離を制御する添加剤は凝固後に除去される。   Conventionally, filtration membranes manufactured by a wet or dry wet spinning method using a hydrophobic polymer such as polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, or polyvinylidene fluoride as a membrane material forming polymer are known as filtration membranes with excellent permeation performance. It has been. These filtration membranes are manufactured by microphase separation of a polymer solution and then coagulating the polymer solution in a non-solvent. The filtration membrane includes a dense layer and a support layer, and has a high porosity and an asymmetric property. It has a simple structure. As a specific film forming method, a method of coagulating a film forming solution containing a film material forming polymer and an additive for controlling phase separation in a coagulating solution is known. As an additive for controlling phase separation, for example, a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone is used. The additive controlling phase separation is removed after coagulation.

凝固後に親水性ポリマーを除去する方法として、特許文献1では、酸化剤で親水性ポリマーを分解する方法が提案されており、特許文献2では、親水性ポリマーを化学処理する方法が提案されている。また特許文献3では、ポリビニルピロリドン等の分解性ポリマーを、分解剤を用いて除去する方法が提案されている。   As a method for removing the hydrophilic polymer after coagulation, Patent Document 1 proposes a method of decomposing the hydrophilic polymer with an oxidizing agent, and Patent Document 2 proposes a method of chemically treating the hydrophilic polymer. . Patent Document 3 proposes a method of removing a degradable polymer such as polyvinylpyrrolidone using a decomposing agent.

日本国特許第3196029号公報Japanese Patent No. 3196029 米国特許第5076925号明細書US Pat. No. 5,076,925 日本国特許第3169404号公報Japanese Patent No. 3169404

疎水性ポリマーからなる多孔質膜において、成膜後の多孔質部に親水性ポリマー(相分離を制御する添加剤)が残存していると透過性能が低下するため、かかる相分離を制御する添加剤を、より簡便な方法で、より高度に除去する方法が求められる。
しかしながら上記特許文献1記載の方法は、親水性ポリマーの除去処理に数時間から数十時間以上要するなど生産性の点で不都合がある。
また特許文献2および3記載の方法は、親水性ポリマーの種類によって良好な透過性能が得られない場合があり、必ずしも満足できる方法ではない。
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、相分離を制御する添加剤を、短時間の処理で除去でき、良好な透過性能を有する多孔質膜を製造できる多孔質膜の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
In a porous membrane made of a hydrophobic polymer, the permeation performance deteriorates if a hydrophilic polymer (additive that controls phase separation) remains in the porous portion after film formation. A method for removing the agent at a higher level by a simpler method is required.
However, the method described in Patent Document 1 is disadvantageous in terms of productivity, for example, it takes several hours to several tens of hours or more for the removal treatment of the hydrophilic polymer.
In addition, the methods described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 are not always satisfactory because good permeability may not be obtained depending on the type of hydrophilic polymer.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method for producing a porous membrane that can remove an additive for controlling phase separation in a short time and can produce a porous membrane having good permeability. The purpose is to provide.

前記課題を解決するために本発明の多孔質膜の製造方法は、
膜材形成ポリマーと、相分離を制御する添加剤とを含む製膜液を凝固液中で凝固させて多孔質膜前駆体を得る工程と、前記多孔質膜前駆体中に残存する前記相分離を制御する添加剤を除去する工程とを有する多孔質膜の製造方法であって、前記膜材形成ポリマーがポリフッ化ビニリデンであり、前記相分離を制御する添加剤が、下記の方法で積分分子量分布曲線における高分子量域面積の割合および低分子量域面積の割合をそれぞれ求めたとき、前記高分子量域面積の割合が5%以上11%以下であり、かつ前記低分子量域面積の割合が5%以上13%未満であるポリビニルピロリドンであり、
前記相分離を制御する添加剤を除去する工程が、前記多孔質膜前駆体を、前記相分離を制御する添加剤を分解する薬液で洗浄する工程を含むことを特徴とする多孔質膜の製造方法;
以下の条件のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法により、ポリビニルピロリドンの分子量分布を測定し、横軸(X軸)をLogM(ここで、Mは分子量を示す)、縦軸(Y軸)を積分分布値(質量%)とする積分分子量分布曲線を得て、前記積分分子量分布曲線がY=100に達した点のXの値をPとし、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=Pを表わす直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積を100%とするとき、前記高分子量域面積の割合の値は、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=6を表わす直線とX=Pを表わす直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積の割合として求められ、前記低分子量域面積の割合の値は、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=3.5の直線とX=4.5の直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積の割合として求められる;
ここで、前記ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法の条件は、カラム:TSKgel(登録商標) α−M、7.8mm(ID)×30.0cm(L) 2本(東ソー製)、カラム温度:30℃、移動相(溶離液):0.2mol/LのNaNO水溶液とアセトニトリルの混合液であって、NaNO水溶液/アセトニトリルで表される混合割合は8/2(vol/vol)であり、流量:0.6ml/min、サンプル濃度:1mg/ml、検出器:RI検出器、注入量:20μl、分子量校正PEO:ポリエチレンオキサイド[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]、検量線:標準PEO[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]3次元近似曲線、測定装置:東ソー製HLC−8020GPC、およびサンプルを測定直前にセルロースアセテート製カートリッジフィルター(分画性能0.45μm)でろ過することを含む。
In order to solve the above problems, the method for producing a porous membrane of the present invention comprises:
A step of solidifying a film-forming solution containing a film-forming polymer and an additive for controlling phase separation in a coagulating solution to obtain a porous membrane precursor; and the phase separation remaining in the porous membrane precursor A method for producing a porous membrane having a step of removing an additive for controlling the film, wherein the membrane material-forming polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, and the additive for controlling the phase separation is an integral molecular weight by the following method: When the ratio of the high molecular weight area and the ratio of the low molecular weight area in the distribution curve were respectively determined, the high molecular weight area was 5% or more and 11% or less, and the low molecular weight area was 5%. Ri is less than 13% is polyvinylpyrrolidone der above,
The step of removing the additive for controlling the phase separation includes the step of washing the porous membrane precursor with a chemical solution for decomposing the additive for controlling the phase separation. Method;
The molecular weight distribution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is measured by gel permeation chromatography under the following conditions, the horizontal axis (X axis) is LogM (where M is the molecular weight), and the vertical axis (Y axis) is the integral distribution value. The integral molecular weight distribution curve (mass%) is obtained, the value of X at the point where the integral molecular weight distribution curve reaches Y = 100 is P, the integral molecular weight distribution curve and a straight line representing X = P, and Y = When the area of a region surrounded by a straight line representing 0 is 100%, the value of the ratio of the high molecular weight area is the integral molecular weight distribution curve, a straight line representing X = 6, and a straight line representing X = P. The area ratio of the region surrounded by the straight line representing Y = 0 is calculated as the ratio of the area of the low molecular weight region, and the integrated molecular weight distribution curve, the straight line of X = 3.5, and X = 4.5 And a straight line representing Y = 0 Determined as a percentage of the area of the region;
Here, the conditions of the gel permeation chromatography method are as follows: Column: TSKgel (registered trademark) α-M, 7.8 mm (ID) × 30.0 cm (L), 2 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), column temperature: 30 ° C. , Mobile phase (eluent): 0.2 mol / L NaNO 3 aqueous solution and acetonitrile mixed solution, the mixing ratio represented by NaNO 3 aqueous solution / acetonitrile is 8/2 (vol / vol), flow rate : 0.6 ml / min, sample concentration: 1 mg / ml, detector: RI detector, injection volume: 20 μl, molecular weight calibration PEO: polyethylene oxide (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories), calibration curve: standard PEO [polymer Laboratories (Polymer Laboratories)] 3D approximate curve, measurement Apparatus: Tosoh HLC-8020GPC, and filtering the sample with a cellulose acetate cartridge filter (fractionation performance 0.45 μm) immediately before measurement.

前記相分離を制御する添加剤を除去する工程は、前記多孔質膜前駆体を60〜100℃の熱水で洗浄する工程を含むことが好ましい。
更に、前記ポリビニルピロリドンは、K値が82以下であることが好ましい。
また、前記ポリビニルピロリドンは、K値が78以上であることが好ましい。
The step of removing the additive for controlling the phase separation preferably includes a step of washing the porous membrane precursor with hot water at 60 to 100 ° C.
Furthermore, the polyvinyl pyrrolidone preferably has a K value of 82 or less.
The polyvinyl pyrrolidone preferably has a K value of 78 or more.

本発明によれば、膜材形成ポリマーと、相分離を制御する添加剤とを含む製膜液を凝固液中で凝固させて多孔質膜前駆体を得る工程と、前記多孔質膜前駆体中に残存する相分離を制御する添加剤を除去する工程とを有する多孔質膜の製造方法において、相分離を制御する添加剤を、短時間の処理で除去でき、良好な透過性能を有する多孔質膜を製造できる。   According to the present invention, a step of solidifying a film-forming solution containing a film-forming polymer and an additive for controlling phase separation in a coagulating liquid to obtain a porous film precursor; In the method for producing a porous membrane having a step of removing the additive that controls the phase separation remaining in the porous film, the additive that controls the phase separation can be removed in a short time, and the porous membrane has good permeation performance A membrane can be manufactured.

本発明の多孔質膜の製造に使用する環状ノズルの一例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the annular nozzle used for manufacture of the porous membrane of this invention. 積分分子量分布曲線の一例である。It is an example of an integral molecular weight distribution curve.

<膜材形成ポリマー>
耐薬品性および耐熱性を向上させる観点からは、膜材形成ポリマーとしてフッ素系樹脂を用いることが好ましい。中でもポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂が好ましい。特に、重量平均分子量(以下、Mwということもある。)100,000〜1,000,000のポリフッ化ビニリデン(A)と、重量平均分子量10,000〜500,000のポリフッ化ビニリデン(B)とを、(A)のMwが(B)のMwより大きく、かつ両者のMwの差が30,000以上となるように組み合わせて用いるのが好ましい。(A)と(B)を組み合わせて用いる場合、(A)/(B)の質量比が0.5〜10の範囲内であることが好ましく、1〜3の範囲内がより好ましい。(A)/(B)の質量比が上記の範囲内であると、膜の孔径の調整を容易にすることができる。
<Film material forming polymer>
From the viewpoint of improving chemical resistance and heat resistance, it is preferable to use a fluororesin as the film-forming polymer. Of these, polyvinylidene fluoride resin is preferred. In particular, polyvinylidene fluoride (A) having a weight average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as Mw) of 100,000 to 1,000,000 and polyvinylidene fluoride (B) having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000. Are preferably used in combination so that the Mw of (A) is larger than the Mw of (B) and the difference between the two Mw is 30,000 or more. When (A) and (B) are used in combination, the mass ratio of (A) / (B) is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 3. When the mass ratio (A) / (B) is within the above range, the pore diameter of the membrane can be easily adjusted.

<相分離を制御する添加剤>
本発明では、相分離を制御する添加剤(以下、単に添加剤という)として、上記の方法で求められる高分子量域面積の割合が11%以下であるポリビニルピロリドンを用いる。
前記高分子量域面積の割合は具体的に以下の手順で求めることができる。
まず、ポリビニルピロリドンを秤量し、下記溶離液をポリビニルピロリドンの濃度(サンプル濃度)が1mg/mlとなるように加え、16時間、静置溶解させ、測定直前にセルロースアセテート製カートリッジフィルター(分画性能0.45μm)でろ過する。得られたろ液をサンプルとして、上記の条件で分子量分布を測定し、積分分子量分布曲線を得る。
図2はポリビニルピロリドンの一例について、上記の方法で分子量分布を測定して得られた積分分子量分布曲線である。横軸(X軸)はLogM(Mは分子量)、縦軸(Y軸)は積分分布値(質量%)である。積分分子量分布曲線がY=100に達した点のXの値をPとする。図中符号aは積分分子量分布曲線、符号bはX=Pを表わす直線、符号cはY=0を表わす直線、符号dはX=6を表わす直線である。
曲線aと直線bと直線cとで囲まれた領域の面積を100%とするとき、曲線aと直線dと直線bと直線cとで囲まれた領域(斜線部分)の面積の割合を高分子量域面積の割合の値として求める。
<Additive for controlling phase separation>
In the present invention, as an additive for controlling phase separation (hereinafter, simply referred to as additive), polyvinylpyrrolidone having a high molecular weight area ratio determined by the above method of 11% or less is used.
The ratio of the high molecular weight area can be specifically determined by the following procedure.
First, polyvinyl pyrrolidone was weighed, and the following eluent was added so that the concentration of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (sample concentration) was 1 mg / ml, allowed to stand for 16 hours and dissolved, and a cellulose acetate cartridge filter (fractionation performance) immediately before the measurement. 0.45 μm). Using the obtained filtrate as a sample, the molecular weight distribution is measured under the above conditions to obtain an integrated molecular weight distribution curve.
FIG. 2 is an integral molecular weight distribution curve obtained by measuring the molecular weight distribution by the above method for an example of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The horizontal axis (X axis) is LogM (M is molecular weight), and the vertical axis (Y axis) is the integral distribution value (mass%). Let P be the value of X at the point where the integral molecular weight distribution curve reaches Y = 100. In the figure, symbol a is an integral molecular weight distribution curve, symbol b is a straight line representing X = P, symbol c is a straight line representing Y = 0, and symbol d is a straight line representing X = 6.
When the area of the region surrounded by the curve a, the straight line b, and the straight line c is 100%, the ratio of the area of the region (the hatched portion) surrounded by the curve a, the straight line d, the straight line b, and the straight line c is increased. Calculated as the ratio of the molecular weight area.

上記の方法で求められる高分子量域面積の割合は、全体の分子量合計のうち、分子量10以上の分子量合計が占める割合を表わす。ポリビニルピロリドンの前記高分子量域面積の割合はビニルピロリドンの重合時間によって制御できる。
添加剤として、この高分子量域面積の割合が11%以下であるポリビニルピロリドンを用いることにより、良好な洗浄性(除去性)が得られる。前記高分子量域面積の割合が11%を超えると洗浄性が低下し、多孔質膜における濾過性能が低下する、もしくは、多孔質膜に微細な割れが発生しやすくなり好ましくない。
前記高分子量域面積の割合はゼロでもよいが、5%以上が好ましく、6%以上がより好ましく、7%以上がさらに好ましい。前記高分子領域面積の割合が5%未満であると、形成される孔径が小さくなり過ぎ、下排水用濾過膜として使用する場合に濾過特性が低下するため、好ましくない。
The ratio of the high molecular weight area determined by the above method represents the ratio of the total molecular weight with a molecular weight of 10 6 or more to the total molecular weight. The ratio of the high molecular weight area of polyvinylpyrrolidone can be controlled by the polymerization time of vinylpyrrolidone.
By using polyvinylpyrrolidone having a high molecular weight area ratio of 11% or less as an additive, good detergency (removability) can be obtained. If the ratio of the high molecular weight area exceeds 11%, the cleaning property is lowered, the filtration performance in the porous membrane is lowered, or fine cracks are easily generated in the porous membrane, which is not preferable.
The ratio of the high molecular weight area may be zero, but is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 6% or more, and further preferably 7% or more. If the ratio of the area of the polymer region is less than 5%, the formed pore size becomes too small, and the filtration characteristics deteriorate when used as a filter membrane for sewage drainage.

添加剤として、積分分子量分布曲線における低分子量域面積の割合が5%以上13%未満であるポリビニルピロリドンを用いることが好ましい。低分子量域面積の割合が5%以上13%未満であると、得られる多孔質膜の透水性能が向上する。
なお、ポリビニルピロリドンの低分子量域面積の割合は以下の方法で測定することができる。
即ち、以下の条件のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法により、ポリビニルピロリドンの分子量分布を測定し、横軸(X軸)をLogM(Mは分子量を示す。)、縦軸(Y軸)を積分分布値(質量%)とする積分分子量分布曲線を得る。前記積分分子量分布曲線がY=100に達した点のXの値をPとする。前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=Pを表わす直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積を100%とするとき、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=3.5の直線と、X=4.5の直線と、Y=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積の割合を、低分子量域面積の割合の値として求める。
(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法の条件)
カラム:TSKgel α−M、7.8mm(ID)×30.0cm(L) 2本(東ソー製)、
カラム温度:30℃、
移動相(溶離液):0.2mol/LのNaNO水溶液とアセトニトリルの混合液、NaNO水溶液/アセトニトリルで表される混合割合は8/2(vol/vol)、
流量:0.6ml/min、
サンプル濃度:1mg/ml、
検出器:RI検出器、
注入量:20μl、
分子量校正PEO:ポリエチレンオキサイド[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]、
検量線:標準PEO[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]3次元近似曲線、測定装置:東ソー製HLC−8020GPC、
サンプルを測定直前にセルロースアセテート製カートリッジフィルター(分画性能0.45μm)でろ過する。
As an additive, it is preferable to use polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a low molecular weight region area ratio of 5% or more and less than 13% in the integral molecular weight distribution curve. When the proportion of the low molecular weight area is 5% or more and less than 13%, the water permeability of the resulting porous membrane is improved.
In addition, the ratio of the low molecular weight area of polyvinylpyrrolidone can be measured by the following method.
That is, the molecular weight distribution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is measured by gel permeation chromatography under the following conditions, the horizontal axis (X axis) is LogM (M is molecular weight), and the vertical axis (Y axis) is the integral distribution value. An integral molecular weight distribution curve with (% by mass) is obtained. Let P be the value of X at the point where the integral molecular weight distribution curve reaches Y = 100. When the area of the region surrounded by the integral molecular weight distribution curve, the straight line representing X = P and the straight line representing Y = 0 is 100%, the integral molecular weight distribution curve, the straight line of X = 3.5, The ratio of the area of the region surrounded by the straight line of = 4.5 and the straight line representing Y = 0 is obtained as the value of the ratio of the low molecular weight area.
(Conditions for gel permeation chromatography)
Column: TSKgel α-M, 7.8 mm (ID) × 30.0 cm (L), 2 (manufactured by Tosoh),
Column temperature: 30 ° C.
Mobile phase (eluent): 0.2 mol / L NaNO 3 aqueous solution and acetonitrile mixed solution, the mixing ratio represented by NaNO 3 aqueous solution / acetonitrile is 8/2 (vol / vol),
Flow rate: 0.6 ml / min,
Sample concentration: 1 mg / ml,
Detector: RI detector,
Injection volume: 20 μl,
Molecular weight calibration PEO: Polyethylene oxide [manufactured by Polymer Laboratories],
Calibration curve: Standard PEO [Polymer Laboratories (Polymer Laboratories)] three-dimensional approximate curve, measuring device: Tosoh HLC-8020GPC,
The sample is filtered through a cellulose acetate cartridge filter (fractionation performance 0.45 μm) immediately before measurement.

また本発明で用いるポリビニルピロリドンは、K値が82以下であることが好ましい。K値が82を超えると添加剤の洗浄性が低下し、濾過性能が低下するため好ましくない。また、ポリビニルピロリドンのK値が78以上であることが好ましい。K値が78未満であると多孔質膜における孔径が小さくなり過ぎ、下排水用濾過膜として使用する場合に濾過特性が低下するため好ましくない。
なお、ポリビニルピロリドンのK値は、分子量と相関する粘性特性値で、毛細管粘度計により測定される相対粘度値(25℃)を下記に示すFikentscherの式に適用して計算される値である。ポリビニルピロリドンの、前記K値はビニルピロリドンの重合時間によって制御できる。市販品のポリビニルピロリドンはグレードによってそれぞれ固有のK値を有しており、各製品毎にK値が表示されている。
The polyvinyl pyrrolidone used in the present invention preferably has a K value of 82 or less. If the K value exceeds 82, the cleaning property of the additive is lowered and the filtration performance is lowered, which is not preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the K value of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 78 or more. When the K value is less than 78, the pore diameter in the porous membrane becomes too small, and the filtration characteristics deteriorate when used as a filtration membrane for sewage, which is not preferable.
The K value of polyvinylpyrrolidone is a viscosity characteristic value that correlates with the molecular weight, and is a value calculated by applying a relative viscosity value (25 ° C.) measured by a capillary viscometer to the Fikentscher equation shown below. The K value of polyvinylpyrrolidone can be controlled by the polymerization time of vinylpyrrolidone. Commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidone has a unique K value depending on the grade, and the K value is displayed for each product.

Figure 0005569393
Figure 0005569393

本発明において、添加剤として、ポリビニルピロリドン以外の他の添加剤を、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で併用してもよい。前記他の相分離抑制剤としては、疎水性ポリマーと親水性ポリマーとを含む製膜液を凝固液中で凝固させる工程を経て多孔質膜を製造する方法において用いられる公知の親水性ポリマーを適宜用いることができる。例えば、ポリエチレングリコールに代表されるモノオール系、ジオール系、トリオール系などの親水性ポリマーが挙げられる。
使用する添加剤の全体を100質量%とするとき、そのうちポリビニルピロリドン以外の他の添加剤が占める割合は5質量%以下が好ましく、1質量%以下がより好ましく、ゼロが最も好ましい。
In this invention, you may use together other additives other than polyvinylpyrrolidone in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention as an additive. As the other phase separation inhibitor, a known hydrophilic polymer used in a method for producing a porous membrane through a step of coagulating a membrane-forming solution containing a hydrophobic polymer and a hydrophilic polymer in a coagulating solution is appropriately used. Can be used. For example, monool-based, diol-based, triol-based hydrophilic polymers represented by polyethylene glycol can be used.
When the total amount of additives to be used is 100% by mass, the proportion of other additives other than polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, and most preferably zero.

<溶媒>
製膜液は、溶媒に、膜材形成ポリマーおよび添加剤を溶解させて調製する。溶媒としては有機溶媒が好ましい。有機溶媒としてはジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシドなどが用いられる。その中でも得られる多孔質体の透水流量が高いという点で、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミドがより好ましい。
<Solvent>
The film forming solution is prepared by dissolving a film material forming polymer and an additive in a solvent. As the solvent, an organic solvent is preferable. As the organic solvent, dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like are used. Among them, N, N-dimethylacetamide is more preferable in that the porous body obtained has a high water permeation flow rate.

<多孔質膜の製造方法>
本発明の多孔質膜の製造方法の一実施形態として、多孔質中空糸膜の製造方法を例に挙げて説明する。
本実施形態では乾湿式紡糸法を用いる。即ち、環状ノズルから製膜液を吐出させた後、所定時間膜を空走させ、しかる後に凝固液に浸漬させることによって多孔質状の膜材を形成する。
<Method for producing porous membrane>
As an embodiment of the method for producing a porous membrane of the present invention, a method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane will be described as an example.
In this embodiment, a dry and wet spinning method is used. That is, after the film-forming liquid is discharged from the annular nozzle, the film is idled for a predetermined time, and then immersed in the coagulating liquid to form a porous film material.

本実施形態では、概略、基材として組紐を用い、環状ノズルを用いて前記組紐に第一製膜液を塗布し、凝固液中で凝固させて第一多孔質層を形成した後、環状ノズルを用いて前記第一多孔質層の表面に第二製膜液を塗布し、凝固液中で凝固させて第二多孔質層を形成することにより多孔質膜前駆体を得る。
第一製膜液は第二製膜液よりポリマー濃度が低いことが好ましい。すなわち第一製膜液は、組紐中に含浸し易い程度のポリマー濃度であることが好ましい。第二製膜液は多孔質層の形成に好適な程度のポリマー濃度であることが好ましい。このように濃度が異なる第一製膜液および第二製膜液を使用することにより、組紐の主要部分に製膜液を充分に含浸させることができ、膜材(多孔質層)が組紐から剥がれるのを抑制できる。
In this embodiment, a braid is used as a base material, a first film-forming liquid is applied to the braid using an annular nozzle, and solidified in a coagulation liquid to form a first porous layer, and then a ring is formed. A porous film precursor is obtained by applying a second film-forming liquid onto the surface of the first porous layer using a nozzle and coagulating it in a coagulating liquid to form a second porous layer.
The first film-forming solution preferably has a lower polymer concentration than the second film-forming solution. That is, it is preferable that the first film-forming solution has a polymer concentration such that the braid is easily impregnated. The second film-forming solution preferably has a polymer concentration suitable for the formation of the porous layer. By using the first film-forming liquid and the second film-forming liquid having different concentrations in this way, the main part of the braid can be sufficiently impregnated with the film-forming liquid, and the membrane material (porous layer) is removed from the braid. It can suppress peeling.

組紐中への含浸性を考慮すると、第一製膜液中における膜材形成ポリマーの合計の濃度は、12質量%以下が好ましく、10質量%以下がより好ましく、7質量%以下が更に好ましい。下限値は1質量%以上が好ましく、3質量%以上がより好ましい。
この範囲とすることにより、第一製膜液が組紐中へ容易に含浸する。また多孔質中空糸膜に用いられる組紐の空隙率は、一般に90〜95%程度であり、得られる多孔質中空糸膜において、組紐の空隙中に占める膜材形成ポリマーの割合が、第一製膜液中の膜材形成ポリマー濃度と同程度になる。したがって濾過時の膜の透水性を高く保つことができる。さらに、膜材を充分な強度で組紐に付着させることができる。
第一製膜液中における添加剤の濃度は透水性を高く保つ点から0.5質量%以上が好ましく、1質量%以上がより好ましい。上限は、ポリビニルピロリドン洗浄性の点から5質量%以下が好ましく、3質量%以下がより好ましい。
Considering the impregnation property into the braid, the total concentration of the film material forming polymer in the first film-forming liquid is preferably 12% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and further preferably 7% by mass or less. The lower limit is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably 3% by mass or more.
By setting it as this range, the first film-forming solution is easily impregnated into the braid. The porosity of the braid used for the porous hollow fiber membrane is generally about 90 to 95%, and in the obtained porous hollow fiber membrane, the ratio of the membrane material forming polymer in the void of the braid is the first product. The film material forming polymer concentration in the film liquid is approximately the same. Therefore, the water permeability of the membrane during filtration can be kept high. Furthermore, the membrane material can be attached to the braid with sufficient strength.
The concentration of the additive in the first film-forming solution is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more from the viewpoint of keeping the water permeability high. The upper limit is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less from the viewpoint of polyvinyl pyrrolidone detergency.

第二製膜液は、多孔質膜とした際にボイド層が形成されにくく良好な機械的強度を得るためには、上記第一製膜液以上のポリマー濃度を有することが好ましい。具体的には、第二製膜液中における膜材形成ポリマーの合計の濃度は、12%以上が好ましく、15%以上がより好ましい。透過流量を上げるため、前記ポリマー濃度は25%を超えない範囲が好ましい。
第二製膜液中における添加剤の濃度は透水性を高く保つ点から5質量%以上が好ましく、7質量%以上がより好ましい。上限は、ポリビニルピロリドン洗浄性の点から15質量%以下が好ましく、12質量%以下がより好ましい。
The second film-forming liquid preferably has a polymer concentration equal to or higher than that of the first film-forming liquid in order to obtain a good mechanical strength in which a void layer is hardly formed when a porous film is formed. Specifically, the total concentration of the film material forming polymer in the second film-forming solution is preferably 12% or more, and more preferably 15% or more. In order to increase the permeation flow rate, the polymer concentration is preferably in a range not exceeding 25%.
The concentration of the additive in the second film-forming solution is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 7% by mass or more from the viewpoint of keeping the water permeability high. The upper limit is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 12% by mass or less from the viewpoint of polyvinyl pyrrolidone detergency.

膜材形成ポリマーとして上記ポリフッ化ビニリデン(A)と(B)を併用する場合、第一製膜液における(A)/(B)の質量比と、第二製膜液における(A)/(B)の質量比は、同じであっても、異なっていてもよい。透水性を高く保つ点からは同じであることが好ましい。   When the polyvinylidene fluoride (A) and (B) are used in combination as the film-forming polymer, the mass ratio of (A) / (B) in the first film-forming liquid and (A) / ( The mass ratio of B) may be the same or different. The same is preferable from the viewpoint of keeping the water permeability high.

環状ノズルとしては、紐状の基材上に第一多孔質層および第二多孔質層を形成して多孔質中空糸膜を製造する方法に用いられる公知の環状ノズルを適宜用いることができる。
図1は本実施形態の多孔質中空糸膜の製造方法に好適に用いられる環状ノズルの一例を示した断面図である。この環状ノズルは、分配プレート10と、第一分配ノズル9と、環状ノズルの先端部をなす第二分配ノズル8とが、この順で積層されて概略構成されている。
As the annular nozzle, a known annular nozzle used in a method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane by forming a first porous layer and a second porous layer on a string-like substrate may be appropriately used. it can.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an annular nozzle preferably used in the method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane of the present embodiment. The annular nozzle is schematically configured by laminating a distribution plate 10, a first distribution nozzle 9, and a second distribution nozzle 8 forming the tip of the annular nozzle in this order.

分配プレート10は略円盤状の部材であり、その中心には組紐が通過する管路1が形成されている。分配プレート10の、管路1の周囲には、第一製膜液を供給するための第一供給口6と、第二製膜液を供給するための第二供給口7とが設けられている。   The distribution plate 10 is a substantially disk-shaped member, and a pipe line 1 through which a braid passes is formed at the center thereof. A first supply port 6 for supplying the first film-forming solution and a second supply port 7 for supplying the second film-forming solution are provided around the pipe line 1 of the distribution plate 10. Yes.

第一分配ノズル9は、断面形状が概略T字状の部材であり、平面形状が円盤形状の部材である。その中心には、上記第二分配ノズル8内へ突出する突出管状部13が形成されている。この突出管状部13の内部は中空部であり、この中空部は上記管路1と連通して組紐通路100を形成している。第一分配ノズル9と分配プレート10とを同心状に重ねると、それらの中心に組紐通路100が形成される。
第一分配ノズル9の、組紐通路100の周囲には、第一供給口6に連通する中空部と、第二供給口7に連通する中空部とがそれぞれ設けられている。
The first distribution nozzle 9 is a member having a substantially T-shaped cross section and a disk having a disk shape in plan view. At its center, a protruding tubular portion 13 protruding into the second distribution nozzle 8 is formed. The inside of the protruding tubular portion 13 is a hollow portion, and the hollow portion communicates with the pipe line 1 to form a braided passage 100. When the first distribution nozzle 9 and the distribution plate 10 are concentrically overlapped, a braid path 100 is formed at the center thereof.
A hollow part communicating with the first supply port 6 and a hollow part communicating with the second supply port 7 are provided around the braided passage 100 of the first distribution nozzle 9.

分配プレート10の下面と第一分配ノズル9の上面とが接触するように、これらを同心状に重ねた状態で、上記第一供給口6に連通する第一液プール部11が形成されるように、分配プレート10の下面および第一分配ノズル9の上面に、それぞれ溝が形成されている。また、これらを同心状に重ねた状態で、組紐通路100の周壁の全周に渡って第一吐出口2が形成されるように、環状スリットが形成されている。この第一吐出口2は上記第一液プール部11と連通している。さらに、上記第一液プール部11と第一吐出口2とは連通している。
分配プレート10と第一分配ノズル9とを同心状に重ね、第一供給口6に液を供給すると、供給された液を第一プール部11に貯め、次いで第一吐出口2から組紐通路100に向かって液を吐出させることができる。
The first liquid pool portion 11 communicating with the first supply port 6 is formed in a state where the lower surface of the distribution plate 10 and the upper surface of the first distribution nozzle 9 are concentrically stacked so that they contact each other. In addition, grooves are formed in the lower surface of the distribution plate 10 and the upper surface of the first distribution nozzle 9, respectively. In addition, an annular slit is formed so that the first discharge port 2 is formed over the entire circumference of the peripheral wall of the braided passage 100 in a state where these are concentrically stacked. The first discharge port 2 communicates with the first liquid pool portion 11. Further, the first liquid pool part 11 and the first discharge port 2 communicate with each other.
When the distribution plate 10 and the first distribution nozzle 9 are concentrically overlapped and liquid is supplied to the first supply port 6, the supplied liquid is stored in the first pool portion 11, and then the braided passage 100 from the first discharge port 2. The liquid can be discharged toward

第二分配ノズル8も円盤状の部材であり、その中心には第二液プール部12が形成され、さらに第二液プール部12と連通する中空部が形成されている。この中空部は、第一分配ノズル9に形成された第二供給口7に連通する中空部を介して、上記第二供給口7に連通している。第二分配ノズル8と第一分配ノズル9とを同心状に重ねることにより、第一分配ノズル9の突出管状部13の周囲に第二液プール部12が形成される。具体的には、突出環状部13の基端に連なる、第一分配ノズル9の端面と、突出管状部13の外壁と、第二分配ノズル8の上面とで形成された空間が第二液プール部12となる。上記第二液プール部12は、第一分配ノズル9の突出管状部13の先端方向に向かってその断面積が小さくなるように形成されている。つまり、第二分配ノズル8の内壁が突出環状部13に向かって徐々に張り出している。   The second distribution nozzle 8 is also a disk-shaped member, and a second liquid pool portion 12 is formed at the center thereof, and a hollow portion communicating with the second liquid pool portion 12 is further formed. The hollow portion communicates with the second supply port 7 through a hollow portion that communicates with the second supply port 7 formed in the first distribution nozzle 9. By overlapping the second distribution nozzle 8 and the first distribution nozzle 9 concentrically, the second liquid pool portion 12 is formed around the protruding tubular portion 13 of the first distribution nozzle 9. Specifically, the space formed by the end surface of the first distribution nozzle 9, the outer wall of the protruding tubular portion 13, and the upper surface of the second distribution nozzle 8, which is connected to the base end of the protruding annular portion 13, is the second liquid pool. Part 12. The second liquid pool portion 12 is formed such that its cross-sectional area decreases toward the distal end of the protruding tubular portion 13 of the first distribution nozzle 9. That is, the inner wall of the second distribution nozzle 8 gradually protrudes toward the projecting annular portion 13.

さらに第二プール液部12の先端部には第二突出口3が形成されている。つまり、突出管状部13の先端部の外壁と、第二分配ノズル8の内壁とで第二吐出口3を形成している。
特に、突出環状部13の先端面、つまり組紐通路100の先端面110は、第二吐出口3の先端面5、つまり第二分配ノズル8の先端面5よりも環状ノズルの内方に位置することが好ましい。
言い換えると、突出環状部13の先端面、つまり組紐通路先端面110と、第二吐出口3の先端面5、つまり第二分配ノズル8の先端面5との距離4(以下、液シール長という。)が、0.5〜150mmとなるように構成されていることが好ましい。液シール長の下限は0.6mm以上であることがより好ましく、0.8mm以上であることが更に好ましい。液シール長が0.5mm未満である場合、第一多孔質層の表面にコーティングされる第二製膜液は、コーティング圧力がほとんどかかることなく吐出される。このため第二多孔質層は、第一多孔質層が形成された膜の外径が細い部分があっても、同じ径で吐出されることになる。その結果、第一多孔質層と第二多孔質層との間に大きな隙間が発生する恐れがある。多孔質中空糸膜を水処理に実際に使用する場合、一次側と二次側とを仕切るために、通常合成樹脂等の固定部材を使用するが、第一多孔質層と第二多孔質層との間にこのような隙間が形成されると、固定部材を構成する樹脂が前記隙間に入り込み、処理すべき水が多孔質膜全体に含浸し難くなる可能性が高くなる。上記液シール長を適切な長さにすると、吐出される製膜液のコーティング圧力が大きくなる傾向にある。したがって第一多孔質層と第二多孔質層との間に大きな隙間が形成されることを防ぐことができる。
なお、液シール長の上限は、コーティング圧力の観点からは特にないが、あまり長くし過ぎると環状ノズルを製造し難くなる傾向にある。したがって液シール長の上限は150mm以下であることが好ましい。液シール長の上限は100mm以下であることが好ましく、50mm以下であることが更に好ましい。
Further, a second protruding port 3 is formed at the tip of the second pool liquid portion 12. That is, the second discharge port 3 is formed by the outer wall of the distal end portion of the protruding tubular portion 13 and the inner wall of the second distribution nozzle 8.
In particular, the front end surface of the protruding annular portion 13, that is, the front end surface 110 of the braided passage 100 is located more inward of the annular nozzle than the front end surface 5 of the second discharge port 3, that is, the front end surface 5 of the second distribution nozzle 8. It is preferable.
In other words, the distance 4 between the distal end surface of the projecting annular portion 13, that is, the braided passage distal end surface 110, and the distal end surface 5 of the second discharge port 3, that is, the distal end surface 5 of the second distribution nozzle 8 (hereinafter referred to as the liquid seal length). ) Is preferably configured to be 0.5 to 150 mm. The lower limit of the liquid seal length is more preferably 0.6 mm or more, and still more preferably 0.8 mm or more. When the liquid seal length is less than 0.5 mm, the second film-forming liquid coated on the surface of the first porous layer is discharged with almost no coating pressure. For this reason, even if there exists a part with a thin outer diameter of the film | membrane in which the 1st porous layer was formed, the 2nd porous layer will be discharged by the same diameter. As a result, a large gap may be generated between the first porous layer and the second porous layer. When the porous hollow fiber membrane is actually used for water treatment, a fixing member such as a synthetic resin is usually used to partition the primary side and the secondary side, but the first porous layer and the second porous If such a gap is formed with the porous layer, the resin constituting the fixing member enters the gap, and there is a high possibility that the water to be treated will not easily be impregnated into the entire porous membrane. When the liquid seal length is set to an appropriate length, the coating pressure of the discharged film forming liquid tends to increase. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a large gap from being formed between the first porous layer and the second porous layer.
The upper limit of the liquid seal length is not particularly limited from the viewpoint of coating pressure, but if it is too long, it tends to be difficult to manufacture the annular nozzle. Therefore, the upper limit of the liquid seal length is preferably 150 mm or less. The upper limit of the liquid seal length is preferably 100 mm or less, and more preferably 50 mm or less.

かかる構成の環状ノズルにあっては、分配プレート10、第一分配ノズル9、および第二分配ノズル8を同心状に重ね合わせた状態で、第二供給口7に液を供給すると、供給された液は第一分配ノズル9の中空部および第一分配ノズル9と第二分配ノズル8とで形成された中空部を介して、第二プール部12に貯められ、次いで第二吐出口3から組紐通路100に向かって吐出させることができる。   In the annular nozzle having such a configuration, when the liquid is supplied to the second supply port 7 in a state where the distribution plate 10, the first distribution nozzle 9, and the second distribution nozzle 8 are concentrically superimposed, the liquid is supplied. The liquid is stored in the second pool portion 12 through the hollow portion of the first distribution nozzle 9 and the hollow portion formed by the first distribution nozzle 9 and the second distribution nozzle 8, and then the braid from the second discharge port 3. The ink can be discharged toward the passage 100.

このような構造の環状ノズルを用いて多孔質膜を製造するには、まず組紐を管路1から組紐通路100に供給し、第一供給口6から第一液プール部11に第一製膜液を供給し、第二供給口7から第二液プール部12に第二製膜液を供給する。
管路1に組紐を供給しつつ、つまり組紐を組紐通路100中で移動させながら、第一吐出口2から第一製膜液を吐出して組紐に含浸させ、第二吐出口3からは第二製膜液を吐出して組紐に含浸させる。
In order to manufacture a porous film using the annular nozzle having such a structure, first, a braid is supplied from the pipe line 1 to the braid path 100, and the first film is formed from the first supply port 6 to the first liquid pool section 11. The liquid is supplied, and the second film-forming liquid is supplied from the second supply port 7 to the second liquid pool section 12.
While supplying the braid to the pipe line 1, that is, while moving the braid in the braid passage 100, the first film forming liquid is discharged from the first discharge port 2 to impregnate the braid, and the second discharge port 3 Two film-forming liquids are discharged to impregnate the braid.

吐出される際の各製膜液の温度は、20℃未満であると、製膜液が低温ゲル化するおそれがあり好ましくない。一方、40℃以上であると孔径制御が困難であり、その結果大腸菌などの細菌や浮遊物質の透過を生じ実用的に好ましくない。したがって第一製膜液および第二製膜液の吐出時の温度はいずれも20〜40℃の範囲が好ましい。   When the temperature of each film-forming solution at the time of discharge is less than 20 ° C., the film-forming solution may be gelled at low temperature, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the temperature is 40 ° C. or higher, it is difficult to control the pore size. Accordingly, the temperature during discharge of the first film-forming liquid and the second film-forming liquid is preferably in the range of 20 to 40 ° C.

次いで組紐上に塗布された製膜液を空走させた後、凝固液に浸漬させて第一製膜液および第二製膜液を凝固させることにより、第一多孔質膜前駆体を形成する。
空走時間は0.01秒以下であると濾過性能が低くなり好ましくない。走行時間に上限はないが実用的には4秒あれば十分である。したがって空走時間は0.01〜4秒の範囲が好ましい。
凝固液としては、製膜液に用いられる溶剤を含む水溶液が好適に用いられる。使用する溶剤の種類にも依存するが、例えば製膜液の溶剤として、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミドを使用する場合、凝固液中のN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドの濃度は1〜50%が好ましい。
凝固液の温度は、機械的強度を上げる観点からは低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、凝固液の温度を下げすぎるとできあがった膜の透水流量が低下するため、通常、90℃以下、より好ましくは50℃以上85℃以下の範囲に選択する。
Next, after running the film-forming solution applied on the braid, the first porous film precursor is formed by immersing in the coagulating solution and coagulating the first film-forming solution and the second film-forming solution. To do.
If the idling time is 0.01 seconds or less, the filtration performance is lowered, which is not preferable. There is no upper limit to the travel time, but 4 seconds is sufficient for practical use. Accordingly, the idle time is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 4 seconds.
As the coagulation liquid, an aqueous solution containing a solvent used for the film forming liquid is preferably used. Although depending on the type of solvent used, for example, when N, N-dimethylacetamide is used as the solvent for the film-forming solution, the concentration of N, N-dimethylacetamide in the coagulation liquid is preferably 1 to 50%.
The temperature of the coagulation liquid is preferably low from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical strength. However, if the temperature of the coagulating liquid is lowered too much, the water permeation flow rate of the resulting film is lowered, so that it is usually selected in the range of 90 ° C. or lower, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 85 ° C. or lower.

凝固させた後、60℃〜100℃の熱水中で溶剤を洗浄することが好ましい。この段階で膜表面に付着している添加剤の一部が除去される。
この洗浄浴温度は、第一多孔質膜同士が融着しない範囲で、できるだけ高温にすることが効果的である。この観点から、洗浄浴の温度は60℃以上が好ましい。
After solidifying, it is preferable to wash the solvent in hot water at 60 ° C to 100 ° C. At this stage, a part of the additive adhering to the film surface is removed.
It is effective to make this cleaning bath temperature as high as possible within a range in which the first porous membranes are not fused. From this viewpoint, the temperature of the washing bath is preferably 60 ° C. or higher.

熱水洗浄の後に次亜塩素酸などで薬液洗浄を施すことが好ましい。これにより膜内部の添加剤が分解、除去される。この段階で相分離を制御する添加剤の大部分を除去することができる。
次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を使用する場合、その濃度は10〜120,000mg/Lの範囲であることが好ましい。次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液の濃度が10mg/L未満であるときはできあがった膜の透水流量が低下するため好ましくない。次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液の濃度に上限はないが、実用的には120,000mg/Lあれば十分である。
次いで、薬液洗浄後の膜を60℃〜100℃の熱水中で洗浄することが好ましい。これにより、残存している相分離を制御する添加剤を除去することができる。
It is preferable to perform chemical cleaning with hypochlorous acid after hot water cleaning. Thereby, the additive inside the film is decomposed and removed. At this stage, most of the additives that control phase separation can be removed.
When using sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, it is preferable that the density | concentration is the range of 10-120,000 mg / L. When the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is less than 10 mg / L, it is not preferable because the water flow rate of the completed membrane decreases. There is no upper limit to the concentration of the aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, but 120,000 mg / L is sufficient for practical use.
Next, it is preferable to wash the membrane after chemical cleaning in hot water at 60 ° C to 100 ° C. Thereby, the additive which controls the remaining phase separation can be removed.

その後、60℃以上120℃未満で1分間以上24時間未満乾燥させることが好ましい。60℃未満では、乾燥処理時間がかかりすぎ,生産コストが上昇するため工業生産上好ましくない。120℃以上では,乾燥工程で膜が収縮しすぎ、膜表面に微小な亀裂が発生する恐れが有るので好ましくない。
乾燥後の膜は、ボビンまたはカセに巻き取ることが好ましい。
こうして組紐の周囲に第一多孔質層(多層膜)が形成された紐状体が得られる。
Thereafter, it is preferably dried at 60 ° C. or more and less than 120 ° C. for 1 minute or more and less than 24 hours. If it is less than 60 degreeC, since a drying process time will take too much and production cost will rise, it is unpreferable on industrial production. When the temperature is 120 ° C. or higher, the film is excessively shrunk in the drying step, and there is a possibility that minute cracks are generated on the film surface.
The dried film is preferably wound on a bobbin or a cassette.
Thus, a string-like body in which the first porous layer (multilayer film) is formed around the braid is obtained.

次に、形成された第一多孔質層上に第二多孔質層を形成するが、第一多孔質層と第二多孔質層とが完全に接着すると透水性が低下することから、これを防止するため、第二多孔質層を形成する前に、第一多孔質層の表面に、膜材を溶解しない溶液を付着させることが好ましい。
かかる膜材を溶解しない溶液としては、製膜液に用いられる溶剤を含む水溶液が好適に用いられる。例えば、製膜液の溶剤としてN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドを使用する場合、溶剤を溶解しない溶液中のN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドの濃度は1〜50%が好ましい。その他に好ましい膜材を溶解しない溶液として、有機溶媒、有機溶媒と水の混合物、またはそれらにグリセリンなどを主成分とする添加剤を添加した溶液が好ましく用いられる。
Next, a second porous layer is formed on the formed first porous layer, but water permeability decreases when the first porous layer and the second porous layer are completely bonded. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to attach a solution that does not dissolve the membrane material to the surface of the first porous layer before forming the second porous layer.
As the solution that does not dissolve the film material, an aqueous solution containing a solvent used for the film-forming solution is preferably used. For example, when N, N-dimethylacetamide is used as the solvent for the film forming solution, the concentration of N, N-dimethylacetamide in the solution that does not dissolve the solvent is preferably 1 to 50%. In addition, as a solution that does not dissolve a preferable film material, an organic solvent, a mixture of an organic solvent and water, or a solution obtained by adding an additive containing glycerin or the like as a main component thereto is preferably used.

前記第一多孔質層の表面に膜材を溶解しない溶液を付着させる工程と、その上に第二製膜液を塗布する工程は、例えば図1に示す構造の環状ノズルを用いて連続的に行うことが好ましい。また第一多孔質層の形成に用いた環状ノズルを引き続き使用し、第一製膜液の代わりに膜材を溶解しない溶液を供給し、既に供給されている第二製膜液をそのまま用いてもよい。
すなわち上記で得た、第一多孔質層を有する紐状体を、管路1から組紐通路100に供給し、第一供給口6に膜材を溶解しない溶液を供給し、第一吐出口2から膜材を溶解しない溶液を吐出させて第一多孔質層の表面に前記溶液を塗布する。また、第二供給口7から供給されて第二液プール部12に蓄えられていた第二製膜液を再度第二吐出口3から吐出させて、第一多孔質層の表面に塗布する。
次いで、第一多孔質層を形成する工程と同様に凝固液に浸漬させ、第二製膜液を凝固させることにより、第二多孔質膜前駆体を形成する。
この後、第一多孔質層を形成する工程と同様にして、熱水および薬剤洗浄して前記第二多孔質膜前駆体中に残存する添加剤を除去し、乾燥させ、巻き取ることにより、組紐の周囲に第一多孔質層および第二多孔質層が形成された多孔質中空糸膜が得られる。
The step of attaching a solution that does not dissolve the membrane material to the surface of the first porous layer and the step of applying the second film-forming solution thereon are continuously performed using, for example, an annular nozzle having the structure shown in FIG. It is preferable to carry out. In addition, the annular nozzle used for forming the first porous layer is continuously used, and a solution that does not dissolve the membrane material is supplied instead of the first film-forming solution, and the already-supplied second film-forming solution is used as it is. May be.
That is, the string-like body having the first porous layer obtained above is supplied from the pipe line 1 to the braided string path 100, a solution that does not dissolve the membrane material is supplied to the first supply port 6, and the first discharge port A solution that does not dissolve the membrane material is discharged from 2 to apply the solution onto the surface of the first porous layer. Moreover, the 2nd film forming liquid supplied from the 2nd supply port 7 and stored in the 2nd liquid pool part 12 is again discharged from the 2nd discharge port 3, and is apply | coated to the surface of a 1st porous layer. .
Next, in the same manner as the step of forming the first porous layer, the second porous film precursor is formed by immersing in the coagulating liquid and coagulating the second film forming liquid.
Thereafter, in the same manner as in the step of forming the first porous layer, hot water and chemical cleaning are performed to remove the additive remaining in the second porous membrane precursor, and then drying and winding up are performed. Thus, a porous hollow fiber membrane in which the first porous layer and the second porous layer are formed around the braid is obtained.

本実施形態によれば、添加剤として、上記の方法で求められる高分子量域面積の割合の値が特定の範囲にあるポリビニルピロリドンを用いることにより、多孔質膜前駆体中に残存する添加剤の洗浄性(除去性)が向上する。したがって、添加剤を短時間の処理で高度に除去でき、良好な透過性能を有する多孔質膜が得られる。
かかる高分子量域面積の割合が添加剤の除去性に関与しているということは驚くべき知見である。その理由は明確ではないが、高分子領域面積の割合が少なすぎる場合、透水性が低下し、高分子領域面積の割合が多すぎる場合、添加剤の分解・除去性が低下する傾向にある。
According to the present embodiment, as an additive, by using polyvinyl pyrrolidone in which the ratio value of the high molecular weight area obtained by the above method is in a specific range, the additive remaining in the porous membrane precursor Detergency (removability) is improved. Therefore, the additive can be removed to a high degree by a short treatment, and a porous membrane having good permeability can be obtained.
It is a surprising finding that the proportion of the high molecular weight area is involved in the removability of the additive. The reason for this is not clear, but if the ratio of the polymer region area is too small, the water permeability decreases, and if the ratio of the polymer region area is too large, the decomposition / removability of the additive tends to decrease.

また本発明において、添加剤として、上記高分子量域面積の割合の値が特定の範囲にあるとともに、K値が特定の範囲にあるポリビニルピロリドンを用いることにより、多孔質膜前駆体中に残存する添加剤の洗浄性(除去性)がより向上する。
前記K値が添加剤の除去性に関与しているということは驚くべき知見である。その理由は明確ではないが、K値が低すぎる場合、形成される孔径が小さくなり過ぎることにより透水性が低下し、K値が高すぎる場合、添加剤の分解・除去性が低下する傾向にある。
Further, in the present invention, as the additive, polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a ratio of the high molecular weight area in a specific range and a K value in a specific range is used to remain in the porous membrane precursor. The detergency (removability) of the additive is further improved.
It is a surprising finding that the K value is involved in the removability of the additive. The reason for this is not clear, but if the K value is too low, the water permeability decreases due to the pore size being formed too small, and if the K value is too high, the decomposition / removability of the additive tends to decrease. is there.

なお、上記実施形態では、組紐に膜材を一部含浸させるように形成して多孔質中空糸膜を形成したが、多孔質膜の形状および構造はこれに限らない。
特に多孔質中空糸膜であると生産コストを低くできる点で好ましい。
また水処理用途に使用される多孔質膜にあっては、膜透過の一次側の液を膜面に対して流動させる必要がある。この膜面流により膜が揺動し、引っ張られるため、十分な機械的強度が必要である。特に、組紐を基材に用いた多孔質中空糸膜は、この機械的強度を組紐が担うため優れた機械的強度を有する。
In the above embodiment, the porous hollow fiber membrane is formed by forming the braid so as to partially impregnate the membrane material, but the shape and structure of the porous membrane are not limited thereto.
In particular, a porous hollow fiber membrane is preferable in that the production cost can be reduced.
In the case of a porous membrane used for water treatment, it is necessary to cause the liquid on the primary side of the membrane to flow with respect to the membrane surface. Since the membrane is swung and pulled by this membrane surface flow, sufficient mechanical strength is required. In particular, a porous hollow fiber membrane using a braid as a base material has excellent mechanical strength because the braid bears this mechanical strength.

また、上記実施形態では、膜材が第一多孔質層と第二多孔質層とからなる多孔質膜を説明したが、膜構成はこれに限らない。
膜材は、少なくとも1層の緻密層を有していればよいが、2層以上の緻密層を有する膜材が配設されていることが、膜の耐久性を向上させるため、より好ましい。また、本実施形態における第二多孔質層の上に、更に多層の緻密層を設けても構わない。その場合、第一多孔質層上に第二多孔質層を形成する手順と同様にして、順次多孔質層を形成すればよい。
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the film | membrane material demonstrated the porous film which consists of a 1st porous layer and a 2nd porous layer, film | membrane structure is not restricted to this.
The film material only needs to have at least one dense layer, but it is more preferable that a film material having two or more dense layers is provided in order to improve the durability of the film. Moreover, you may provide a multilayer dense layer further on the 2nd porous layer in this embodiment. In that case, what is necessary is just to form a porous layer sequentially like the procedure of forming a 2nd porous layer on a 1st porous layer.

以下に実施例を用いて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。以下において含有率および濃度の表記に用いる「%」は質量%を表す。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail using examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following, “%” used for notation of content and concentration represents mass%.

各物性値は以下に示す方法で測定した。
[高分子量域面積の割合]
ポリビニルピロリドンの高分子量域面積の割合は以下の方法で測定した。
即ち、以下の条件のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法により、ポリビニルピロリドンの分子量分布を測定し、横軸(X軸)をLogM(Mは分子量を示す)、縦軸(Y軸)を積分分布値(質量%)とする積分分子量分布曲線を得る。前記積分分子量分布曲線がY=100に達した点のXの値をPとする。前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=Pを表わす直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積を100%とするとき、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=6を表わす直線とX=Pを表わす直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積の割合を、高分子量域面積の割合の値として求める。
(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法の条件)
カラム:TSKgel α−M、7.8mm(ID)×30.0cm(L) 2本(東ソー製)、
カラム温度:30℃、
移動相(溶離液):0.2mol/LのNaNO水溶液とアセトニトリルの混合液、NaNO水溶液/アセトニトリルで表される混合割合は8/2(vol/vol)、
流量:0.6ml/min、
サンプル濃度:1mg/ml、
検出器:RI検出器、
注入量:20μl、
分子量校正PEO:ポリエチレンオキサイド[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]、
検量線:標準PEO[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]3次元近似曲線、測定装置:東ソー製HLC−8020GPC、
サンプルを測定直前にセルロースアセテート製カートリッジフィルター(分画性能0.45μm)でろ過する。
Each physical property value was measured by the following method.
[Ratio of high molecular weight area]
The ratio of the high molecular weight area of polyvinylpyrrolidone was measured by the following method.
That is, the molecular weight distribution of polyvinylpyrrolidone was measured by gel permeation chromatography under the following conditions, the horizontal axis (X axis) is LogM (M is molecular weight), and the vertical axis (Y axis) is the integral distribution value ( An integral molecular weight distribution curve (mass%) is obtained. Let P be the value of X at the point where the integral molecular weight distribution curve reaches Y = 100. When the area of the region surrounded by the integral molecular weight distribution curve, the straight line representing X = P, and the straight line representing Y = 0 is 100%, the integral molecular weight distribution curve, the straight line representing X = 6, and X = P The ratio of the area of the region surrounded by the straight line representing Y and the straight line representing Y = 0 is determined as the ratio value of the high molecular weight area.
(Conditions for gel permeation chromatography)
Column: TSKgel α-M, 7.8 mm (ID) × 30.0 cm (L), 2 (manufactured by Tosoh),
Column temperature: 30 ° C.
Mobile phase (eluent): 0.2 mol / L NaNO 3 aqueous solution and acetonitrile mixed solution, the mixing ratio represented by NaNO 3 aqueous solution / acetonitrile is 8/2 (vol / vol),
Flow rate: 0.6 ml / min,
Sample concentration: 1 mg / ml,
Detector: RI detector,
Injection volume: 20 μl,
Molecular weight calibration PEO: Polyethylene oxide [manufactured by Polymer Laboratories],
Calibration curve: Standard PEO [Polymer Laboratories (Polymer Laboratories)] three-dimensional approximate curve, measuring device: Tosoh HLC-8020GPC,
The sample is filtered through a cellulose acetate cartridge filter (fractionation performance 0.45 μm) immediately before measurement.

[低分子量域面積の割合]
ポリビニルピロリドンの低分子量域面積の割合は以下の方法で測定した。
即ち、以下の条件のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法により、ポリビニルピロリドンの分子量分布を測定し、横軸(X軸)をLogM(Mは分子量を示す)、縦軸(Y軸)を積分分布値(質量%)とする積分分子量分布曲線を得る。前記積分分子量分布曲線がY=100に達した点のXの値をPとする。前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=Pを表わす直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積を100%とするとき、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=3.5の直線と、X=4.5の直線と、Y=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積の割合を、低分子量域面積の割合の値として求める。
(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法の条件)
カラム:TSKgel α−M、7.8mm(ID)×30.0cm(L) 2本(東ソー製)、
カラム温度:30℃、
移動相(溶離液):0.2mol/LのNaNO水溶液とアセトニトリルの混合液、NaNO水溶液/アセトニトリルで表される混合割合は8/2(vol/vol)、
流量:0.6ml/min、
サンプル濃度:1mg/ml、
検出器:RI検出器、
注入量:20μl、
分子量校正PEO:ポリエチレンオキサイド[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]、
検量線:標準PEO[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]3次元近似曲線、測定装置:東ソー製HLC−8020GPC、
サンプルを測定直前にセルロースアセテート製カートリッジフィルター(分画性能0.45μm)でろ過する。
[Ratio of low molecular weight area]
The ratio of the low molecular weight area of polyvinylpyrrolidone was measured by the following method.
That is, the molecular weight distribution of polyvinylpyrrolidone was measured by gel permeation chromatography under the following conditions, the horizontal axis (X axis) is LogM (M is molecular weight), and the vertical axis (Y axis) is the integral distribution value ( An integral molecular weight distribution curve (mass%) is obtained. Let P be the value of X at the point where the integral molecular weight distribution curve reaches Y = 100. When the area of the region surrounded by the integral molecular weight distribution curve, the straight line representing X = P and the straight line representing Y = 0 is 100%, the integral molecular weight distribution curve, the straight line of X = 3.5, The ratio of the area of the region surrounded by the straight line of = 4.5 and the straight line representing Y = 0 is obtained as the value of the ratio of the low molecular weight area.
(Conditions for gel permeation chromatography)
Column: TSKgel α-M, 7.8 mm (ID) × 30.0 cm (L), 2 (manufactured by Tosoh),
Column temperature: 30 ° C.
Mobile phase (eluent): 0.2 mol / L NaNO 3 aqueous solution and acetonitrile mixed solution, the mixing ratio represented by NaNO 3 aqueous solution / acetonitrile is 8/2 (vol / vol),
Flow rate: 0.6 ml / min,
Sample concentration: 1 mg / ml,
Detector: RI detector,
Injection volume: 20 μl,
Molecular weight calibration PEO: Polyethylene oxide [manufactured by Polymer Laboratories],
Calibration curve: Standard PEO [Polymer Laboratories (Polymer Laboratories)] three-dimensional approximate curve, measuring device: Tosoh HLC-8020GPC,
The sample is filtered through a cellulose acetate cartridge filter (fractionation performance 0.45 μm) immediately before measurement.

[K値]
K値は、毛細管粘度計で相対粘度値(25℃)を測定し、前記のFikentscherの式に適用して計算した。
なお、K値は同じ規格の製品であっても、製造ロットにより若干の差がある。また、自己酸化等により経時的に分子量が低下することもある。
[K value]
The K value was calculated by measuring the relative viscosity value (25 ° C.) with a capillary viscometer and applying it to the Fikentscher equation.
In addition, even if the K value is a product of the same standard, there is a slight difference depending on the production lot. In addition, the molecular weight may decrease over time due to autooxidation or the like.

[バブルポイント]
バブルポイントは、JIS K 3832に従って、エチルアルコールを測定媒体として測定した。前記バブルポイントの値は最大孔径の指標となる値であり、この値が大きいほど最大孔径が小さいことを示す。
また添加剤の洗浄性(除去性)が悪いと膜表面に微細な亀裂等の大きな欠陥が発生し、その結果バブルポイントの値が低くなる。
[残存PVP]
赤外吸収分析法(IR法)により下記の手順で測定した。装置はVarian社製、FTS−40(製品名)を用いた。
(1)まず、膜をDMAc(N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド)に溶解し、スライドガラス上で薄く延ばし、フィルム状にする。
(2)前記フィルムについて、IRスペクトルを測定し、その波形から1700cm−1周辺のピーク値(PVP値)と、1400cm−1周辺のピーク値(PVDF値)を読み取る。
(3)下記の計算式に代入して値を求める。
残存PVP量(%)=PVP値×a/PVDF値×100
(式中のaは、検量線より求めた定数。この場合、26.3。)
[Bubble point]
The bubble point was measured in accordance with JIS K 3832 using ethyl alcohol as a measurement medium. The value of the bubble point is a value serving as an index of the maximum pore diameter, and the larger the value, the smaller the maximum pore diameter.
Further, if the cleaning property (removability) of the additive is poor, large defects such as fine cracks are generated on the film surface, and as a result, the bubble point value is lowered.
[Remaining PVP]
The measurement was carried out by the following procedure by infrared absorption analysis (IR method). As the apparatus, FTS-40 (product name) manufactured by Varian was used.
(1) First, the membrane is dissolved in DMAc (N, N-dimethylacetamide) and thinly stretched on a slide glass to form a film.
(2) for the film, and IR spectrum, read the peak value around 1700 cm -1 from the waveform (PVP value), 1400 cm -1 near the peak value (PVDF value).
(3) A value is obtained by substituting into the following formula.
Residual PVP amount (%) = PVP value × a / PVDF value × 100
(A in the formula is a constant obtained from a calibration curve. In this case, 26.3.)

[透過性能]
透過性能の評価は、以下の方法で、圧力差あたりの透過流束(透過度)の値を測定した。この値が大きいほど透過性能が良いことを示す。下排水ろ過の用途においてはこの値が30以上であることが要求される。
(測定方法)
下記の方法で中空糸膜を用いてミニモジュール(中空糸膜の有効長は約4cm)を作製し、中空糸膜の中空部に200kPaの圧力がかかる条件で、下記足部のキャップから水を圧入し、中空糸膜の内壁部から外壁部に向かう方向に水を透過させ、その1分間の流出量から水フラックスを算出する。
(ミニモジュールの作製方法)
(1)有効長約4cmの膜の足部にキャップを取り付ける。
(2)ポッティング剤(コロネート4403(日本ポリウレタン工業社製) 52% :ニッポラン4423(日本ポリウレタン工業社製) 48%の割合で調合)を、スパチュラで攪拌する。
(3)調合したポッティング剤をキャップの足部に垂らす。
(4)40℃に設定した乾燥機中で3時間放置し、ポッティング剤を硬化させる。
(5)先端部を(2)と同様にして調合したポッティング剤で封止する。
(6)(4)と同様にして40℃の乾燥機中でポッティング剤を硬化させる。
[透水性能発現率]
上記透水性能測定に使用した中空糸膜と同様にして採取した中空糸膜を1m測り取り、有効塩素濃度12%の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液1Lに5分間浸漬した後、100℃の熱水で5分間処理するという操作を2回繰り返した後、110℃で10分間処理し、乾燥させる(サンプルB)。上記透水性能評価値を透水値A、サンプルBの透水性評価値を透水値Bと定義した際、下記の計算式に代入して、透水性能発現率を求める。
透水性能発現率(%)=透水値A/透水値B×100
透水性能が低く、透水性能発現率も低い場合、洗浄不良であることを意味し、透水性能が低いにもかかわらず、透水性能発現率が高い場合は、形成される孔径が小さいことにより透水性能が低下していることを意味する。
[Transmission performance]
The permeation performance was evaluated by measuring the value of permeation flux (permeability) per pressure difference by the following method. The larger this value, the better the transmission performance. This value is required to be 30 or more for use in sewage filtration.
(Measuring method)
A mini module (effective length of the hollow fiber membrane is about 4 cm) is manufactured using the hollow fiber membrane by the following method, and water is discharged from the foot cap below under the condition that a pressure of 200 kPa is applied to the hollow portion of the hollow fiber membrane. It press-fits, allows water to permeate in the direction from the inner wall portion to the outer wall portion of the hollow fiber membrane, and calculates the water flux from the outflow amount for 1 minute.
(Mini-module manufacturing method)
(1) A cap is attached to the foot of a membrane having an effective length of about 4 cm.
(2) Potting agent (Coronate 4403 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.) 52%: Nippon Run 4423 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.) 48%) is stirred with a spatula.
(3) The prepared potting agent is hung on the foot of the cap.
(4) The potting agent is cured by leaving it in a dryer set at 40 ° C. for 3 hours.
(5) The tip is sealed with a potting agent prepared in the same manner as (2).
(6) The potting agent is cured in a dryer at 40 ° C. as in (4).
[Permeability performance rate]
A hollow fiber membrane collected in the same manner as the hollow fiber membrane used for the water permeability measurement was measured for 1 m, immersed in 1 L of a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution having an effective chlorine concentration of 12% for 5 minutes, and then heated with hot water at 100 ° C. The operation of treating for 5 minutes is repeated twice, and then treated at 110 ° C. for 10 minutes and dried (sample B). When the water permeation performance evaluation value is defined as the water permeation value A and the water permeation evaluation value of the sample B is defined as the water permeation value B, the permeation performance expression rate is obtained by substituting it into the following calculation formula.
Permeability performance rate (%) = water permeability value A / water permeability value B × 100
If the water permeability performance is low and the water permeability performance rate is low, it means that the cleaning is poor.If the water permeability performance rate is high even though the water permeability performance is low, the water permeability performance is due to the small pore diameter formed. Means that is falling.

(実施例1)
添加剤として、高分子量域面積の割合が10.1%、K値が81.4であるポリビニルピロリドン(ISP社製、商品名:K−90)を用い、膜材形成ポリマーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデンA(アトフィナジャパン社製、商品名:カイナー301F、Mw500,000)およびポリフッ化ビニリデンB(アトフィナジャパン製、商品名カイナー9000LD、Mw20,000)を用い、溶媒としてN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドを用いて、表1に示す組成を有する第一製膜液および第二製膜液を調製した。
Example 1
As an additive, polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name: K-90, manufactured by ISP Co., Ltd.) having a high molecular weight area ratio of 10.1% and a K value of 81.4 is used, and polyvinylidene fluoride A is used as a film material forming polymer. (Trade name: Kyner 301F, Mw 500,000, manufactured by Atofina Japan) and polyvinylidene fluoride B (product name, Kyner 9000LD, Mw 20,000, manufactured by Atofina Japan), and N, N-dimethylacetamide as a solvent. A first film-forming solution and a second film-forming solution having the compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared.

Figure 0005569393
Figure 0005569393

図1に示す構成の環状ノズルを用いて多孔質中空糸膜を製造した。
すなわち、外径2.5mm、内径2.4mmの、30℃に保温した環状ノズルの管路1にポリエステルマルチフィラメント単織組紐(マルチフィラメント;トータルデシテックス830/96フィラメント、16打ち)を導入し、第一吐出口2から第一製膜液を吐出させ、第二吐出口3から第二製膜液を吐出させた。第一および第二製膜液が塗布された組紐を、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド5質量%および水95質量%からなる80℃に保温した凝固浴中に導き、第一および第二製膜液を凝固させて第一多孔質膜前駆体を得た。
この第一多孔質膜前駆体を98℃の熱水中で1分間脱溶剤させた後、50,000mg/Lの次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬後、90℃の熱水中で10分間洗浄し、90℃で10分間乾燥させワインダーで巻き取った。こうして第一多孔質層を有する紐状体を得た。
次に、外径2.7mm、内径2.6mmからなる30℃に保温した図1に示す環状ノズルの管路1に、上記第一多孔質層を有する紐状体を導入し、第一吐出口2から、膜材を溶解しない溶液としてグリセリン(和光純薬工業社製、一級)を吐出させ、第二吐出口3からは第二製膜液を吐出させた。これにより第一多孔質層の上に第二製膜液が塗布された。これをN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド5質量%、水95質量%からなる80℃に保温した凝固浴中に導き、第二製膜液を凝固させて第二多孔質膜前駆体を得た。
この第二多孔質膜前駆体を98℃の熱水中で1分間脱溶剤させた後、50,000mg/Lの次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬後、90℃の熱水中で10分間洗浄し、90℃で10分間乾燥させワインダーで巻き取った。こうして多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
A porous hollow fiber membrane was manufactured using an annular nozzle having the configuration shown in FIG.
That is, a polyester multifilament monowoven braid (multifilament; total decitex 830/96 filament, 16 beats) is introduced into the pipe 1 of the annular nozzle having an outer diameter of 2.5 mm and an inner diameter of 2.4 mm and kept at 30 ° C., The first film forming liquid was discharged from the first discharge port 2, and the second film forming liquid was discharged from the second discharge port 3. The braid coated with the first and second film-forming solutions is led into a coagulation bath kept at 80 ° C. composed of 5% by mass of N, N-dimethylacetamide and 95% by mass of water. Was solidified to obtain a first porous membrane precursor.
This first porous membrane precursor was desolvated in 98 ° C. hot water for 1 minute, immersed in a 50,000 mg / L sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, and then in 90 ° C. hot water for 10 minutes. It was washed, dried at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, and wound up with a winder. Thus, a string-like body having the first porous layer was obtained.
Next, the string-like body having the first porous layer is introduced into the pipe line 1 of the annular nozzle shown in FIG. 1 and maintained at 30 ° C. having an outer diameter of 2.7 mm and an inner diameter of 2.6 mm. Glycerin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., first grade) was discharged from the discharge port 2 as a solution that did not dissolve the film material, and the second film forming solution was discharged from the second discharge port 3. Thereby, the 2nd film forming liquid was apply | coated on the 1st porous layer. This was introduced into a coagulating bath composed of 5% by mass of N, N-dimethylacetamide and 95% by mass of water and kept at 80 ° C., and the second film-forming solution was coagulated to obtain a second porous membrane precursor.
The second porous membrane precursor was desolvated in hot water at 98 ° C. for 1 minute, then immersed in a 50,000 mg / L aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, and then in hot water at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes. It was washed, dried at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, and wound up with a winder. A porous hollow fiber membrane was thus obtained.

得られた多孔質中空糸膜の外径/内径は約2.8/1.1mm、膜厚は900μm、組紐から表面までの樹脂層の厚みは400μmであった。
上記の方法でバブルポイント、透過性能、透水性能発現率および残存PVP量を評価した。その結果を表2に示す。表2には、使用したポリビニルピロリドンの高分子量域面積の割合およびK値を合わせて示す(以下、同様。)。
The obtained porous hollow fiber membrane had an outer diameter / inner diameter of about 2.8 / 1.1 mm, a film thickness of 900 μm, and a thickness of the resin layer from the braid to the surface of 400 μm.
The bubble point, permeation performance, water permeation performance rate, and residual PVP amount were evaluated by the above methods. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 also shows the ratio of the high molecular weight area and the K value of the polyvinylpyrrolidone used (the same applies hereinafter).

(実施例2)
添加剤として、高分子量域面積の割合が9.0%、K値が79.9であるポリビニルピロリドン(日本触媒社製、商品名:K−80)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
得られた多孔質中空糸膜の外径/内径は約2.8/1.2mm、膜厚は800μm、組紐から表面までの樹脂層の厚みは400μmであった。
実施例1と同様に、バブルポイント、透過性能、透水性能発現率および残存PVP量を評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
(Example 2)
The same as Example 1 except that polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name: K-80, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) having a high molecular weight area ratio of 9.0% and a K value of 79.9 was used as an additive. Thus, a porous hollow fiber membrane was obtained.
The obtained porous hollow fiber membrane had an outer diameter / inner diameter of about 2.8 / 1.2 mm, a film thickness of 800 μm, and a thickness of the resin layer from the braid to the surface of 400 μm.
In the same manner as in Example 1, the bubble point, the permeation performance, the water permeation performance rate, and the residual PVP amount were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(実施例3)
添加剤として、高分子量域面積の割合が7.9%、K値が78.5であるポリビニルピロリドン(日本触媒社製、商品名:K−80)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
得られた多孔質中空糸膜の外径/内径は約2.8/1.2mm、膜厚は800μm、組紐から表面までの樹脂層の厚みは400μmであった。
実施例1と同様に、バブルポイント、透過性能、透水性能発現率および残存PVP量を評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
(Example 3)
Except for using polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name: K-80, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) having a high molecular weight area ratio of 7.9% and a K value of 78.5 as an additive, the same as Example 1. Thus, a porous hollow fiber membrane was obtained.
The obtained porous hollow fiber membrane had an outer diameter / inner diameter of about 2.8 / 1.2 mm, a film thickness of 800 μm, and a thickness of the resin layer from the braid to the surface of 400 μm.
In the same manner as in Example 1, the bubble point, the permeation performance, the water permeation performance rate, and the residual PVP amount were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(実施例4)
添加剤として、高分子量域面積の割合が9.2%、K値が84であるポリビニルピロリドン(ISP社製、商品名:K−90)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
実施例1と同様に、バブルポイント、透過性能、透水性能発現率および残存PVP量を評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
(実施例5)
添加剤として、低分子量域面積の割合が8.9%、K値が81であるポリビニルピロリドン(ISP社製、商品名:K−90)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
実施例1と同様に、バブルポイント、透過性能、透水性能発現率および残存PVP量を評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
(Example 4)
Porous in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name: K-90, manufactured by ISP) having a high molecular weight area ratio of 9.2% and a K value of 84 was used as an additive. A hollow fiber membrane was obtained.
In the same manner as in Example 1, the bubble point, the permeation performance, the water permeation performance rate, and the residual PVP amount were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
(Example 5)
Porous in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name: K-90, manufactured by ISP Co., Ltd.) having a low molecular weight area ratio of 8.9% and a K value of 81 was used as an additive. A hollow fiber membrane was obtained.
In the same manner as in Example 1, the bubble point, the permeation performance, the water permeation performance rate, and the residual PVP amount were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(比較例1)
添加剤として、高分子量域面積の割合が13.2%、K値が82.9であるポリビニルピロリドン(ISP社製、商品名:K−90)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
得られた多孔質中空糸膜の表面に微細な亀裂が観察された。実施例1と同様にバブルポイントを測定したところ20kPaに低下し、製品合格率が著しく低下した。
(Comparative Example 1)
The same procedure as in Example 1 was used except that polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name: K-90, manufactured by ISP Co.) having a high molecular weight area ratio of 13.2% and a K value of 82.9 was used as an additive. As a result, a porous hollow fiber membrane was obtained.
Fine cracks were observed on the surface of the obtained porous hollow fiber membrane. When the bubble point was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, it was reduced to 20 kPa, and the product pass rate was significantly reduced.

(比較例2)
添加剤として、高分子量域面積の割合が11.4%であるポリビニルピロリドン(ISP社製、商品名K81/86)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
得られた多孔質中空糸膜の表面に微細な亀裂が観察された。実施例1と同様にバブルポイントを測定したところ30kPaに低下し、製品合格率が著しく低下した。
参考例6)
添加剤として、低分子量域面積の割合が15.3%、K値73.7であるポリビニルピロリドン(ISP社製、商品名K90)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
(Comparative Example 2)
A porous hollow fiber membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name K81 / 86, manufactured by ISP Co.) having a high molecular weight area of 11.4% was used as an additive. It was.
Fine cracks were observed on the surface of the obtained porous hollow fiber membrane. When the bubble point was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, it was reduced to 30 kPa, and the product pass rate was significantly reduced.
( Reference Example 6)
Porous hollow in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyvinylpyrrolidone (trade name K90, manufactured by ISP Co.) having a low molecular weight area ratio of 15.3% and a K value of 73.7 was used as an additive. A yarn membrane was obtained.

Figure 0005569393
Figure 0005569393

表2の結果に示されるように、実施例1〜5で得られた多孔質中空糸膜は、透水性能発現率が高く、残存PVP量が少なく、バブルポイントが高く、良好な透過性能を有する。参考例6は透水性能は低いものの、良好な透水性能発現率を示した。これに対して比較例1,2は、バブルポイント、透水性能、透水性能発現率が大きく低下した。
As shown in the results of Table 2, the porous hollow fiber membranes obtained in Examples 1 to 5 have a high water permeability performance rate, a small amount of residual PVP, a high bubble point, and a good permeation performance. . Although Reference Example 6 had a low water permeability, it exhibited a good water permeability performance. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the bubble point, water permeability performance, and water permeability performance expression rate were greatly reduced.

本発明の多孔質膜の製造方法によれば、添加剤の洗浄性に優れ、濾過性能に優れた多孔質膜が得られる。本発明の方法により得られる多孔質膜は透過性能が高いため、使用膜面積が少なくなり、設備をコンパクト化することも可能である。   According to the method for producing a porous membrane of the present invention, a porous membrane having excellent cleaning properties of additives and excellent filtration performance can be obtained. Since the porous membrane obtained by the method of the present invention has high permeation performance, the membrane area used can be reduced and the equipment can be made compact.

1 管路
2 第一吐出口
3 第二突出口
4 組紐通路先端面と第二分配ノズルの先端面との距離(液シール長)
5 第二分配ノズルの先端面
6 第一供給口
7 第二供給口
8 第二分配ノズル
9 第一分配ノズル
10 分配プレート
11 第一液プール部
12 第二液プール部
13 突出管状部
100 組紐通路
110 組紐通路先端面
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pipe line 2 1st discharge port 3 2nd protrusion port 4 Distance (liquid seal length) of the braid string channel | path front end surface and the front end surface of a 2nd distribution nozzle
5 Front end surface of second distribution nozzle 6 First supply port 7 Second supply port 8 Second distribution nozzle 9 First distribution nozzle 10 Distribution plate 11 First liquid pool section 12 Second liquid pool section 13 Projecting tubular section 100 Braided passage 110 Braid path front face

Claims (4)

膜材形成ポリマーと、相分離を制御する添加剤とを含む製膜液を凝固液中で凝固させて多孔質膜前駆体を得る工程と、前記多孔質膜前駆体中に残存する前記相分離を制御する添加剤を除去する工程とを有する多孔質膜の製造方法であって、
前記膜材形成ポリマーがポリフッ化ビニリデンであり、
前記相分離を制御する添加剤が、下記の方法で積分分子量分布曲線における高分子量域面積の割合および低分子量域面積の割合をそれぞれ求めたとき、前記高分子量域面積の割合が5%以上11%以下であり、かつ前記低分子量域面積の割合が5%以上13%未満であるポリビニルピロリドンであり、
前記相分離を制御する添加剤を除去する工程が、前記多孔質膜前駆体を、前記相分離を制御する添加剤を分解する薬液で洗浄する工程を含むことを特徴とする多孔質膜の製造方法;
以下の条件のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法により、ポリビニルピロリドンの分子量分布を測定し、
横軸(X軸)をLogM(ここで、Mは分子量を示す)、縦軸(Y軸)を積分分布値(質量%)とする積分分子量分布曲線を得て、
前記積分分子量分布曲線がY=100に達した点のXの値をPとし、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=Pを表わす直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積を100%とするとき、
前記高分子量域面積の割合の値は、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=6を表わす直線とX=Pを表わす直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積の割合として求められ、
前記低分子量域面積の割合の値は、前記積分分子量分布曲線とX=3.5の直線とX=4.5の直線とY=0を表わす直線とで囲まれた領域の面積の割合として求められる;
ここで、前記ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法の条件は、カラム:TSKgel(登録商標) α−M、7.8mm(ID)×30.0cm(L) 2本(東ソー製)、カラム温度:30℃、移動相(溶離液):0.2mol/LのNaNO水溶液とアセトニトリルの混合液であって、NaNO水溶液/アセトニトリルで表される混合割合は8/2(vol/vol)であり、流量:0.6ml/min、サンプル濃度:1mg/ml、検出器:RI検出器、注入量:20μl、分子量校正PEO:ポリエチレンオキサイド[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]、検量線:標準PEO[ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)社製]3次元近似曲線、測定装置:東ソー製HLC−8020GPC、およびサンプルを測定直前にセルロースアセテート製カートリッジフィルター(分画性能0.45μm)でろ過することを含む。
A step of solidifying a film-forming solution containing a film-forming polymer and an additive for controlling phase separation in a coagulating solution to obtain a porous membrane precursor; and the phase separation remaining in the porous membrane precursor A method for producing a porous membrane having a step of removing an additive for controlling
The film material forming polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride,
When the additive controlling the phase separation was determined for the high molecular weight area and the low molecular weight area in the integral molecular weight distribution curve by the following method, the high molecular weight area ratio was 5% or more and 11 % or less, and the and Ri polyvinylpyrrolidone der proportion is less than 5% more than 13% of the low molecular weight region area,
The step of removing the additive for controlling the phase separation includes the step of washing the porous membrane precursor with a chemical solution for decomposing the additive for controlling the phase separation. Method;
By measuring the molecular weight distribution of polyvinylpyrrolidone by gel permeation chromatography under the following conditions,
Obtain an integrated molecular weight distribution curve in which the horizontal axis (X axis) is LogM (where M represents molecular weight) and the vertical axis (Y axis) is the integrated distribution value (mass%),
The value of X at the point where the integral molecular weight distribution curve reaches Y = 100 is P, and the area of the region surrounded by the integral molecular weight distribution curve, the straight line representing X = P and the straight line representing Y = 0 is 100. %
The ratio value of the high molecular weight area is determined as the ratio of the area of the region surrounded by the integral molecular weight distribution curve, a straight line representing X = 6, a straight line representing X = P, and a straight line representing Y = 0. ,
The ratio value of the area of the low molecular weight area is the ratio of the area of the area surrounded by the integrated molecular weight distribution curve, a straight line of X = 3.5, a straight line of X = 4.5, and a straight line representing Y = 0. Desired;
Here, the conditions of the gel permeation chromatography method are as follows: Column: TSKgel (registered trademark) α-M, 7.8 mm (ID) × 30.0 cm (L), 2 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), column temperature: 30 ° C. , Mobile phase (eluent): 0.2 mol / L NaNO 3 aqueous solution and acetonitrile mixed solution, the mixing ratio represented by NaNO 3 aqueous solution / acetonitrile is 8/2 (vol / vol), flow rate : 0.6 ml / min, sample concentration: 1 mg / ml, detector: RI detector, injection volume: 20 μl, molecular weight calibration PEO: polyethylene oxide (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories), calibration curve: standard PEO [polymer Laboratories (Polymer Laboratories)] 3D approximate curve, measurement Apparatus: Tosoh HLC-8020GPC, and filtering the sample with a cellulose acetate cartridge filter (fractionation performance 0.45 μm) immediately before measurement.
前記相分離を制御する添加剤を除去する工程が、前記多孔質膜前駆体を60〜100℃の熱水で洗浄する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の多孔質膜の製造方法。The method for producing a porous membrane according to claim 1, wherein the step of removing the additive that controls the phase separation includes a step of washing the porous membrane precursor with hot water at 60 to 100 ° C. 前記ポリビニルピロリドンのK値が82以下である、請求項1または2に記載の多孔質膜の製造方法。   The method for producing a porous membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polyvinyl pyrrolidone has a K value of 82 or less. 前記ポリビニルピロリドンのK値が78以上である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質膜の製造方法。   The manufacturing method of the porous membrane of any one of Claims 1-3 whose K value of the said polyvinylpyrrolidone is 78 or more.
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