JP5550747B2 - 異方性金属ナノ粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
異方性金属ナノ粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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Description
−1次元のナノ粒子であるナノ繊維、すなわちナノ粒子が1方向に異方的に延びたもので、文献上ではナノシリンダ、ナノロッド、ナノワイヤ又はナノチューブとしてよく見出すことができる。
−2次元のナノ粒子であるナノディスク、すなわちナノ構造が2方向に成長した2次元のもの、例えばナノ三角物、ナノ正方形物等である。
−3つ以上の方向に延びたナノ構造体、すなわち3次元構造体、例えばナノ星形、ナノ立方体、ナノ四面体又はナノプリズム。
25℃の水1Lを、機械的に攪拌しながら10Lのガラス容器に導入する。次に、10mg/Lの濃度を有する2〜5個の原子Ag2〜Ag5のAg AQCのAgクラスター溶液30mLを添加する。続いて、アスコルビン酸3.5gを攪拌下で導入し、5分後に水4Lを添加する。最後に、硝酸銀3.4gを強力な攪拌下で添加する。反応物を4時間絶えず攪拌する。Agナノ繊維を攪拌により再度分散した沈殿物として得る。総ナノ粒子に対する繊維の概算百分率は、走査型電子顕微鏡の図から求めることができ(図5参照)、この百分率は98重量%よりも大きい。反応の全収率は約100%である。
25℃の水1Lを、機械的に攪拌しながら10Lのガラス容器に導入する。次に、10mg/Lの濃度を有する2〜5個の原子Ag2〜Ag5のAg AQCのAgクラスター溶液15mLを添加する。続いて、アスコルビン酸2gを攪拌下で導入し、5分後に水4Lを添加する。最後に、1gのHAuCl4・3H2Oを強力な攪拌下で添加する。反応物を1時間絶えず攪拌する。Auナノ粒子を攪拌により再度分散した沈殿物として得る。約1に等しいRの値での実施例1と比べて、約2に等しいRでの合成におけるAgクラスターでの触媒作用は、ほぼ三角形ナノ粒子のみの形成につながることを観察し得る。総ナノ粒子に対するナノ三角形の概算百分率は、走査型電子顕微鏡法の図から求めることができ(図8を参照)、この百分率は95重量%よりも大きい。反応の全収率は約100%である。
25℃の水1Lを、機械的に攪拌しながら10Lのガラス容器に導入する。次に、10mg/Lの濃度を有する2〜5個の原子Ag2〜Ag5のAg AQCのAgクラスター溶液25mLを添加する。続いて、アスコルビン酸2gを攪拌下で導入し、5分後に水4Lを添加する。最後に、1gのHAuCl4・3H2Oを強力な攪拌下で添加する。反応物を1時間絶えず攪拌する。Auナノ粒子を攪拌により再度分散した沈殿物として得る。それぞれ約1及び2に等しいRの値での実施例1及び実施例2と比べて、約3.2に等しいRでの合成におけるAgクラスターでの触媒作用は、ほぼ星形ナノ粒子のみの形成につながることを観察し得る。総ナノ粒子に対するナノ星形の概算百分率は、走査型電子顕微鏡法の図から求めることができ(図9及び図10を参照)、この百分率は90重量%よりも大きい。反応の全収率は約100%である。
Claims (16)
- 異方性金属ナノ粒子を製造する方法であって、
金属原子200個未満でサイズ2nm未満のゼロ酸化状態金属原子によってのみ形成される材料からなる原子量子クラスター及び溶媒の存在下で、金属カチオンを酸化状態ゼロに還元して、サイズ2nm〜4nmの小さなナノ粒子からなるコアを形成するステップと、
コア濃度に対する原子量子クラスター濃度の比を制御して、前記コアを前記原子量子クラスターに接触させることにより、前記異方性金属ナノ粒子を形成するステップと、
を備える異方性金属ナノ粒子を製造する方法。 - 前記溶媒を水、アルコール、ケトン、環状エーテル、グリコール、トルエン、ベンゼン、又はそれらの組み合わせから選択する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属カチオンが、金属塩形態の遷移金属カチオンであり、該遷移金属の金属カチオンをAu、Ag、Co、Cu、Pt、Fe、Cr、Pd、Ni、Rh及びPbから選択する請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記金属カチオンをAu、Ag、Cu及びFeから選択する請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記金属塩は、硝酸塩、酢酸塩、クエン酸塩、塩化物から選択したアニオンを含む請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 前記金属塩のアニオンが硝酸塩又は塩化物である請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記金属カチオンを酸化状態ゼロに還元するための還元作因を化学還元剤並びに紫外線乃至可視光線及び超音波から選択される物理的還元作因から選択する請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記化学還元剤を、
アルキルアミン、糖、ポリマー及び有機酸から選択した有機還元剤と、
ホウ化水素ナトリウム、ヒドラジン、水素化リチウムアルミニウム、ヒドロキシルアミン及び次亜リン酸ナトリウムから選択した無機還元剤と
から選択する請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記化学還元剤がアスコルビン酸である請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記原子量子クラスターが、平均で金属原子2個〜55個、又は金属原子2個〜5個を含む請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記原子量子クラスターの遷移金属をAu、Ag、Co、Cu、Pt、Fe、Cr、Pd、Ni、Rh、Pb及びそれらの組み合わせのいずれかから選択する請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記原子量子クラスターの遷移金属をAu、Ag、Cu及びFeから選択する請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 成長抑制剤をさらに添加することを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- シードをさらに添加することを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記異方性金属ナノ粒子がナノ繊維、ナノ三角形、ナノ星形、ナノディスク、ナノ立方体、ナノ四面体又はナノプリズムである請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 異方性金属ナノ粒子を調製するための原子量子クラスターを使用する方法であって、
前記原子量子クラスターは、金属原子200個未満でサイズ2nm未満のゼロ酸化状態金属原子によってのみ形成される材料からなり、
前記原子量子クラスターは、溶媒内に酸化状態ゼロに還元される金属カチオンと共にあって、前記金属カチオンの金属原子からなるコアを形成し、かつ、前記コアの濃度に対する前記原子量子クラスターの濃度の比が制御されることを特徴とする原子量子クラスターを使用する方法。
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