JP5478464B2 - Abrasion test equipment - Google Patents

Abrasion test equipment Download PDF

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JP5478464B2
JP5478464B2 JP2010258930A JP2010258930A JP5478464B2 JP 5478464 B2 JP5478464 B2 JP 5478464B2 JP 2010258930 A JP2010258930 A JP 2010258930A JP 2010258930 A JP2010258930 A JP 2010258930A JP 5478464 B2 JP5478464 B2 JP 5478464B2
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specimen
polishing body
rollers
pair
sample specimen
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JP2012108077A (en
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智史 柴田
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Bridgestone Corp
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Description

この発明は、タイヤを構成するゴム材料等の弾性材料からなるサンプル供試体を、その供試体に対し相対変位する研磨体の平坦面上に押圧して、サンプル供試体の摩耗量を、実際のタイヤと高い相関をもって測定する摩耗試験装置に関するものであり、具体的には、摩耗試験において、実際のタイヤの負荷転動に際する、接地面内での周方向、幅方向剪断応力状態および接地圧状態の忠実なる再現を可能として、タイヤの摩耗を、高い精度の下で予測することのできる技術を提案するものである。   In the present invention, a sample specimen made of an elastic material such as a rubber material constituting a tire is pressed onto a flat surface of an abrasive body that is relatively displaced with respect to the specimen, and the amount of wear of the sample specimen is measured. The present invention relates to a wear test apparatus that measures with high correlation with a tire. Specifically, in the wear test, in the load rolling of an actual tire, the circumferential direction in the contact surface, the widthwise shear stress state, and the ground contact The present invention proposes a technology capable of accurately reproducing the pressure state and predicting tire wear with high accuracy.

従来、この種の摩耗試験装置としては特許文献1、2に記載されたものがある。
特許文献1には、「少なくとも一方に駆動源を連結した一対のローラー間にベルト状の研摩体を装架し、該研摩体の平面に対して試料を押圧する試料支持機構を設置した摩耗試験装置」が開示されており、この摩耗試験装置によれば、「試料としてタイヤトレッドを構成するゴム試料を使用した場合にタイヤ走行時の摩耗を正確にシミュレーションすることができる。」としている。
Conventionally, as this type of wear test apparatus, there are those described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
Patent Document 1 states that “a wear test in which a belt-like abrasive body is mounted between a pair of rollers each having a drive source connected to at least one, and a sample support mechanism is installed to press the sample against the flat surface of the abrasive body. According to this wear test device, “wear can be accurately simulated when a rubber sample constituting a tire tread is used as a sample”.

また、特許文献2には、「砥石または擬似路面にゴム試験片を押し付けて、該ゴム試験片の試験を行うゴム試験機であって、前記ゴム試験片を前記砥石または擬似路面に対し変位させて、前記ゴム試験片に、前記砥石または擬似路面に対する粘着および/またはすべりを与えることを特徴とする」ものが記載されており、この装置によれば、「タイヤなどの実際の製品が摩耗する際のゴムの挙動を精度良く再現することができ、これにより、測定されるゴム摩耗度を、実際の摩耗結果に精度よく対応させることの可能なゴム試験機を実現することが可能となった。」とする。   Patent Document 2 states that “a rubber tester that tests a rubber test piece by pressing a rubber test piece against a grindstone or a pseudo road surface, and displaces the rubber test piece with respect to the grindstone or the pseudo road surface. The rubber test piece is characterized by providing adhesion and / or slip to the grindstone or simulated road surface. According to this apparatus, “actual products such as tires are worn out”. It was possible to realize a rubber testing machine that can accurately reproduce the behavior of rubber at the time, and accurately match the measured rubber wear level to the actual wear result. . "

特開平6−34506号公報JP-A-6-34506 特開2009−198276号公報JP 2009-198276 A

しかるに、特許文献1、2に記載されたいずれの装置においても、たとえば水平方向に移動する「研摩体」ないしは「砥石または擬似路面」に対して、「ゴム試験片」等を、上下方向にのみ変位させて押圧することから、実際に路面上を負荷転動するタイヤにおけるトレッド接地面の摩耗を、十分に高い精度で予測することはできなかった。   However, in any of the apparatuses described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example, a “rubber test piece” or the like is moved only in the vertical direction with respect to the “abrasive body” or “whetstone or simulated road surface” that moves in the horizontal direction. Since it is displaced and pressed, the wear of the tread contact surface in a tire that actually loads and rolls on the road surface cannot be predicted with sufficiently high accuracy.

この発明は、従来技術の抱えるこのような問題を解決することを課題とするものであり、それの目的とするところは、タイヤの負荷転動時における接地面での周方向、幅方向剪断応力および接地圧発生状況を忠実に再現することができ、それにより、高い精度下での、タイヤの摩耗の予測を可能とする摩耗試験装置を提供するにある。   An object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to provide circumferential and widthwise shear stresses on the ground contact surface during load rolling of a tire. It is another object of the present invention to provide a wear test apparatus that can faithfully reproduce the state of occurrence of contact pressure and thereby predict tire wear with high accuracy.

発明者は、タイヤの負荷転動時の、トレッド接地面内の微小要素への力および滑りの作用に着目し、その微小要素には、接地圧とともに、路面に対するゴム材料の粘着および滑りによる剪断力が作用するとの前提の下で、タイヤの陸部の踏込みから蹴出しまでの間で、接地面内の微小要素に作用する剪断力が、時間の経過に伴って、図1にグラフで示す如く変化することを見出した。   The inventor paid attention to the action of force and slip on the microelements in the tread contact surface at the time of rolling load of the tire, and the microelements include the contact pressure of the rubber material on the road surface and shear due to the slip. Under the premise that force acts, the shearing force acting on the minute elements in the contact surface between the stepping on the land portion of the tire and the kicking out is shown as a graph in FIG. 1 over time. I found that it changed.

すなわち、図2に模式図で示すように、たとえば、図に矢印で示す向きに自由転動するタイヤ100のトレッドブロックは、踏込み位置101aに達した際に、主として、路面110との粘着に基く大きな剪断応力を受けるが、その後、かかる剪断応力は、荷重直下の位置101bまで減少し、蹴出し位置101cに向かうに従い逆方向に増加していき、そして、蹴出し位置101cに達したところで、トレッドブロックには、路面110との間で滑りが生じて、瞬間的に大きな剪断応力が作用する一方で、トレッドブロックの接地面からの解放によって、周方向剪断応力は急激に低下することになる。
なおここで、とくに空気入りタイヤにおいては、接地圧の作用に伴い、トレッド接地面が押込み変形させられることから、踏込み位置101aと蹴出し位置101cとの間では、トレッドブロックは路面に対して実質的に平行な面で接触することになる。
That is, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 2, for example, the tread block of the tire 100 that freely rolls in the direction indicated by the arrow is mainly based on adhesion with the road surface 110 when the tread block 101a is reached. After receiving a large shear stress, the shear stress decreases to a position 101b immediately below the load, increases in the opposite direction toward the kicking position 101c, and reaches the kicking position 101c. The block slips from the road surface 110, and a large shear stress acts instantaneously. On the other hand, the circumferential shear stress rapidly decreases due to the release from the contact surface of the tread block.
Here, particularly in a pneumatic tire, the tread contact surface is pushed and deformed by the action of the contact pressure, so that the tread block is substantially relative to the road surface between the stepping-in position 101a and the kicking-out position 101c. Contact with each other in parallel.

従って、トレッドゴム材料のサンプル供試体を用いた摩耗試験に当っては、図1に示す剪断応力状態を忠実に再現することで、路面を負荷転動するタイヤのトレッド接地面の摩耗度を、実際のタイヤと高い相関をもって、精度良く予測することができると考えた。   Therefore, in the wear test using the sample specimen of the tread rubber material, the degree of wear of the tread ground contact surface of the tire rolling on the road surface by faithfully reproducing the shear stress state shown in FIG. We thought that it was possible to predict with high accuracy with high correlation with actual tires.

このような知見に基き、この発明の摩耗試験装置は、無端環状の研磨体と、該研磨体を巻き掛けられて、少なくとも一方が回転駆動される一対の研磨体ローラとを具えてなり、弾性材料からなるサンプル供試体を、前記研磨体の外周面に押圧して、サンプル供試体の摩耗量を測定するものであって、無端環状に形成したサンプル供試体を、直接的もしくは間接的に巻き掛けられて、少なくとも一方が回転駆動される一対の供試体ローラを、巻き掛けられたサンプル供試体および前記研磨体のそれぞれの外周側の平坦面部分が相互に対向する姿勢で設けるとともに、該一対の供試体ローラを、前記研磨体に対し離隔および接近させる押圧手段を配設してなるものである。   Based on such knowledge, the wear test apparatus of the present invention comprises an endless annular polishing body and a pair of polishing body rollers around which the polishing body is wound, and at least one of which is rotationally driven. A sample specimen made of a material is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the abrasive body to measure the amount of wear of the sample specimen, and the sample specimen formed in an endless ring is directly or indirectly wound. A pair of specimen rollers that are hung and at least one of which is rotationally driven are provided in such a manner that the flat surface portions on the outer peripheral sides of the wound sample specimen and the abrasive body face each other. The specimen roller is provided with pressing means for separating and approaching the polishing body.

ここで、前記研磨体の周方向の複数個所には、該研磨体の周方向および幅方向、ならびに、研磨体の外周面に直交する方向の3方向の分力を測定する3分力センサを取り付けることが好ましい。   Here, at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the polishing body, there are provided three-component force sensors for measuring the three-direction component forces in the circumferential direction and the width direction of the polishing body and in the direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface of the polishing body. It is preferable to attach.

なお好ましくは、一対の供試体ローラの相互の離隔および近接変位をもたらすローラ変位手段を設ける。   Preferably, a roller displacing means is provided for bringing the pair of specimen rollers apart and approaching each other.

この発明の摩耗試験装置によれば、一対の研磨体ローラに巻き掛けられて、周方向に走行駆動される無端状の研磨体の外周面に、前記押圧手段により、一対の供試体ローラに巻き掛けた無端環状のサンプル供試体を、該供試体ローラの回転駆動に基く周方向への走行状態で、たとえば、前記研磨体に対する一定の相対回転速度を付与しつつ押し付けることができ、この場合、サンプル供試体と研磨体との接触が、それぞれの外周側の平坦面部分どうしでなされることになるので、先述したような、実際に路面を負荷転動するタイヤの接地面に生じる、時間の経過に伴って変化する、路面との粘着および滑りのそれぞれに起因する周方向剪断応力を、サンプル供試体の、研磨体への押圧力および、サンプル供試体の、研磨体に対する相対速度のそれぞれを制御することによって忠実に再現することができ、この結果として、タイヤの摩耗を高い精度で予測することができる。   According to the wear test apparatus of the present invention, the pressing means winds around the pair of specimen rollers around the outer peripheral surface of an endless abrasive body that is wound around the pair of abrasive body rollers and driven to travel in the circumferential direction. The endless annular sample specimen can be pressed in a running state in the circumferential direction based on the rotational drive of the specimen roller, for example, while giving a constant relative rotational speed to the abrasive body. Since the contact between the sample specimen and the polishing body is made between the flat surface portions on the respective outer peripheral sides, as described above, the time required to occur on the ground contact surface of the tire that actually rolls on the road surface is reduced. The circumferential shear stress due to adhesion and slippage with the road surface, which changes with the passage of time, is measured by the pressure of the sample specimen against the abrasive body and the relative velocity of the sample specimen relative to the abrasive body. Can be reproduced faithfully by controlling respectively, as a result, it is possible to predict the wear of the tire with high precision.

なお、この摩耗試験装置によれば、研磨体を、走行駆動される無端環状としたことにより、サンプル供試体が、研磨体の外周面で摩耗されることによって生じる摩耗粉は、サンプル供試体が押圧される、研磨体の走行方向の前方に運ばれて研磨体からブラシにより除去することになるので、前記摩耗粉が、サンプル供試体の摩耗状況に及ぼす影響を確実に取り除くことができる。   In addition, according to this wear test apparatus, since the polishing body is an endless ring that is driven to travel, the abrasion powder generated when the sample specimen is worn on the outer peripheral surface of the polishing body is Since it is carried forward in the running direction of the polishing body and removed from the polishing body by the brush, the influence of the wear powder on the wear state of the sample specimen can be surely removed.

ここにおいて、研磨体の周方向の複数個所に3分力センサを取り付けたときは、サンプル供試体が研磨体から受ける各方向の応力を、リアルタイムで測定することができ、そして、かかる測定値を用いて、サンプル供試体の、研磨体への押圧力および、サンプル供試体の、研磨体に対する相対速度のそれぞれをフィードバック制御することで、タイヤの負荷転動時における、接地面での周方向剪断応力の発生状況のより忠実なる再現および、試験条件の所要に応じた変更が可能となる。   Here, when three component force sensors are attached to a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the polishing body, the stress in each direction that the sample specimen receives from the polishing body can be measured in real time, and such measured values are obtained. By using feedback control of the pressing force of the sample specimen to the abrasive body and the relative speed of the sample specimen to the abrasive body, circumferential shear on the ground contact surface during tire rolling A more faithful reproduction of the state of stress generation and a change to the test conditions as required is possible.

なおここで、一対の供試体ローラの相互の離隔および近接変位をもたらすローラ変位手段を設けたときは、供試体ローラの相互の離隔距離を調整することにより、サイズ、種類等の異なる様々なタイヤに対応させて、トレッド接地面の摩耗度を、精度良く予測することができる。   Here, when the roller displacement means for providing the mutual separation and proximity displacement of the pair of specimen rollers is provided, various tires having different sizes and types can be adjusted by adjusting the mutual separation distance of the specimen rollers. Accordingly, the degree of wear of the tread contact surface can be accurately predicted.

路面を負荷転動するタイヤの接地面の、踏込み位置から蹴出し位置に到るまでに、トレッド陸部に発生する周方向剪断応力の経時的な変化を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows a time-dependent change of the circumferential direction shear stress which generate | occur | produces in a tread land part from a stepping position to a kicking position of the contact surface of the tire which carries out load rolling of the road surface. 路面に接触するトレッドブロックの変形態様を模式的に示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows typically the deformation | transformation aspect of the tread block which contacts a road surface. この発明の摩耗試験装置の一の実施形態を示す略線側面図である。It is an approximate line side view showing one embodiment of an abrasion test device of this invention. 図3の装置の要部を拡大して示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which expands and shows the principal part of the apparatus of FIG. 図3の装置の使用状態を示す図3と同様の図である。It is a figure similar to FIG. 3 which shows the use condition of the apparatus of FIG. 試験の途中で、押圧力等を変化させた場合の剪断応力を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the shear stress at the time of changing pressing force etc. in the middle of a test. 図3の装置を用いて行う摩耗試験での制御方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows an example of the control method in the abrasion test performed using the apparatus of FIG. 図3の装置を用いて行う摩耗試験での制御方法の他の例を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the other example of the control method in the abrasion test performed using the apparatus of FIG.

以下に図面を参照しつつ、この発明の実施の形態について説明する。
図3に例示する摩耗試験装置1は、無端環状の研磨体2と、研磨体2を巻き掛けられて、少なくとも一方を、たとえば、図示しないモータに連結すること等によって回転駆動される一対の研磨体ローラ3と、研磨体2から、図では上方に所定の間隔をおいて設けられて、たとえば、タイヤのトレッド部を形成するゴム材料等の、無端環状のサンプル供試体20を直接的に巻き掛けた一対の供試体ローラ4と、一対の供試体ローラ4に巻き掛けたサンプル供試体20と前記研磨体2とのそれぞれの外周側の平坦面部分が相互に対向する姿勢に維持しつつ、一対の供試体ローラ4を、サンプル供試体20とともに、研磨体2に対して離隔および接近させる押圧手段5とを具える。
そして、研磨体ローラ3と同様に、供試体ローラ4の少なくとも一方にも、回転駆動力を付与するべく、図示しないモータ等が連結されている。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
An abrasion test apparatus 1 illustrated in FIG. 3 includes an endless annular polishing body 2 and a pair of polishing bodies wound around the polishing body 2 and rotated at least one of them by, for example, connecting to a motor (not shown). An endless annular sample specimen 20 such as a rubber material that forms a tread portion of a tire is directly wound around the body roller 3 and the polishing body 2 at a predetermined interval in the upper part in the figure. While maintaining a posture in which the flat surface portions on the outer peripheral side of the pair of specimen rollers 4 and the sample specimen 20 wound around the pair of specimen rollers 4 and the abrasive body 2 face each other, A pair of specimen rollers 4, together with the sample specimen 20, includes pressing means 5 that separates and approaches the abrasive body 2.
Similarly to the polishing body roller 3, a motor or the like (not shown) is connected to at least one of the specimen rollers 4 in order to apply a rotational driving force.

ここで、研磨体2は、たとえば、無端環状のゴム部材2aの外周面の全周にわたって、研磨布2bもしくは研磨紙その他の研磨部材を貼着させることにより形成することができる他、ゴム部材2aの外表面に、粉砕石等の研磨材を均一に塗布すること等によっても形成することができる。この研磨部材は、たとえばステンレス製とすることも可能であり、ゴム部材2aの外周面に貼り付けることができるものであれば、様々な材料にて形成することができる。
なお、ここでいう「研磨布」等は、JIS K6264に示されるものとする。
Here, the abrasive body 2 can be formed, for example, by adhering an abrasive cloth 2b or abrasive paper or other abrasive member over the entire outer peripheral surface of the endless annular rubber member 2a, or the rubber member 2a. It can also be formed by uniformly applying an abrasive such as crushed stone on the outer surface. The polishing member can be made of, for example, stainless steel, and can be formed of various materials as long as it can be attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rubber member 2a.
In addition, "abrasive cloth" etc. here shall be shown by JISK6264.

ここにおいて、後述する摩耗試験を行うに際し、サンプル供試体20の、研磨体2への押圧力等をフィードバック制御するため、研磨体2の周方向の複数個所には、研磨体2の周方向および幅方向、ならびに、研磨体2の外周面に直交する方向の3方向の分力を測定する、図示しない3分力センサを設けることが好ましい。
かかる3分力センサは、たとえば、研磨体2もしくは研磨布2b等の内周面に貼り付けるか、または、研磨体2の内部に埋め込んで配置することができ、そして、これらのセンサは、たとえば、スリップリング等を用いて有線で、または無線で、図示しない計測器に連結する。
Here, when performing a wear test to be described later, in order to feedback control the pressing force of the sample specimen 20 to the polishing body 2, etc., the circumferential direction of the polishing body 2 and the circumferential direction of the polishing body 2 It is preferable to provide a three-component force sensor (not shown) that measures component forces in three directions in the width direction and in a direction orthogonal to the outer peripheral surface of the polishing body 2.
Such a three-component force sensor can be disposed, for example, on the inner peripheral surface of the polishing body 2 or the polishing cloth 2b, or embedded in the polishing body 2, and these sensors are, for example, Further, it is connected to a measuring instrument (not shown) in a wired or wireless manner using a slip ring or the like.

またここで、研磨体2を研磨体ローラ3に巻き掛けた後に、その研磨体2に所要の張力を付与することを目的として、一対の研磨体ローラ3間には、それらの相互間の距離を調整する、図示しないピストン、ラックアンドピニオン、ボールねじ等を設けることができる。   Further, here, for the purpose of applying a required tension to the polishing body 2 after the polishing body 2 is wound around the polishing body roller 3, the distance between the pair of polishing body rollers 3 is between them. A piston, a rack and pinion, a ball screw or the like (not shown) can be provided.

そしてまた、一対の供試体ローラ4間にも、ピストン等の、ローラ相互間の距離を調整するローラ変位手段を設けることが好ましく、この場合は、後述する摩耗試験に際し、供試体ローラ4に巻き掛けたサンプル供試体20に所要の張力を作用させることができる他、再現するタイヤのサイズ、種類等に応じて、一対の供試体ローラ4の相互間距離を適宜変更して、サンプル供試体20と研磨体2との接触長さを調整することで、想定したタイヤと高い相関をもって、トレッド接地面の摩耗を予測することができる。   Also, it is preferable to provide a roller displacing means for adjusting the distance between the rollers, such as a piston, between the pair of specimen rollers 4. In this case, the specimen rollers 4 are wound around the specimen roller 4 during a wear test described later. In addition to being able to apply the required tension to the hung sample specimen 20, the distance between the pair of specimen rollers 4 is appropriately changed according to the size and type of the tire to be reproduced, and the sample specimen 20 By adjusting the contact length between the abrasive body 2 and the abrasive body 2, it is possible to predict the wear of the tread contact surface with a high correlation with the assumed tire.

なお、図示は省略するが、サンプル供試体20を研磨体2に押し付けた際に、研磨体2の曲げ変形を抑制するべく、一対の研磨体ローラ2間に、研磨体2の内周面に当接する一個もしくは複数個の支持ローラを設けることができる。
そして、このような支持ローラは、一対の供試体ローラ4の間に設けることも可能である。
In addition, although illustration is omitted, when the sample specimen 20 is pressed against the polishing body 2, the inner peripheral surface of the polishing body 2 is interposed between the pair of polishing body rollers 2 in order to suppress bending deformation of the polishing body 2. One or a plurality of supporting rollers can be provided.
Such a support roller can be provided between the pair of specimen rollers 4.

図示の装置1では、無端状サンプル供試体20を、一対の供試体ローラ4間に直接的に巻き掛けているが、無端環状のサンプル供試体は、たとえば、金属ベルト、接着材もしくは両面テープ等を介して間接的に、供試体ローラ間に巻き掛けることもできる。
このように、サンプル供試体と供試体ローラ4との間に、好ましくは、サンプル供試体を構成するゴム材料よりも硬質の金属ベルト等を介装させることにより、トレッドゴムの内周側に補強層等を埋設配置してなるタイヤの実際の負荷転動挙動を、より一層忠実に再現することができる。
In the illustrated apparatus 1, the endless sample specimen 20 is directly wound between the pair of specimen rollers 4, but the endless annular sample specimen is, for example, a metal belt, an adhesive, a double-sided tape, or the like. It is also possible to indirectly wind between the specimen rollers via the.
Thus, preferably, a metal belt harder than the rubber material constituting the sample specimen is interposed between the sample specimen and the specimen roller 4 to reinforce the inner peripheral side of the tread rubber. The actual load rolling behavior of a tire in which layers and the like are embedded can be reproduced even more faithfully.

ところで、一対の供試体ローラ4を、それに巻き掛けたサンプル供試体20とともに、研磨体2に対して離隔および接近させる押圧手段5としては、たとえば、図4に拡大断面図で例示するカム機構を用いることができる。
すなわち、図示の押圧手段5は、一対の供試体ローラ4を支持するフレーム6に取り付けられて、一方の端部(図では上端部)を頂壁7aで密閉した筒体7と、その筒体7の内側で筒体7の内周面に対して摺動変位する軸部材8と、軸部材8の先端(図では上端)に取り付けられて、筒体7の頂壁7aの内面を、軸部材8に対し弾性支持するコイルスプリング9と、筒体7の頂壁7aの外面に当接させて設けられ、回転駆動されるカム10とからなる。
By the way, as the pressing means 5 for separating and approaching the pair of specimen rollers 4 together with the sample specimen 20 wound around the abrasive body 2, for example, a cam mechanism illustrated in an enlarged sectional view in FIG. Can be used.
That is, the illustrated pressing means 5 is attached to a frame 6 that supports a pair of specimen rollers 4, and has one end portion (upper end portion in the figure) sealed with a top wall 7a, and the cylindrical body. A shaft member 8 that is slidably displaced with respect to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 7 on the inner side of the cylindrical body 7, and an inner surface of the top wall 7 a of the cylindrical body 7 is attached The coil spring 9 elastically supports the member 8 and a cam 10 which is provided in contact with the outer surface of the top wall 7a of the cylinder 7 and is driven to rotate.

この押圧手段5によれば、偏芯軸周りで回転駆動されるカム10の回動に基く、軸部材8に対してばね付勢された筒体7の、図に矢印で示す上下変位に伴って、筒体7に取り付けたフレーム6および、そのフレーム6に支持された一対の供試体ローラ4が、サンプル供試体20とともに、研磨体2に対して離隔および接近変位することになる。
なお、かかる押圧手段5のカム機構に変えて、図示は省略するが、ボールねじもしくは、ラックアンドピニオン等を押圧手段5として用いることもでき、この場合は、より大きな離隔および接近変位をも十分高い精度の下で行わせることができる。
According to the pressing means 5, the cylinder 7 that is spring-biased with respect to the shaft member 8 based on the rotation of the cam 10 that is rotationally driven around the eccentric shaft is accompanied by the vertical displacement indicated by the arrow in the drawing. Thus, the frame 6 attached to the cylinder 7 and the pair of specimen rollers 4 supported by the frame 6 are separated and approached to the polishing body 2 together with the sample specimen 20.
It should be noted that, although not shown in the figure, a ball screw or a rack and pinion can be used as the pressing means 5 instead of the cam mechanism of the pressing means 5, and in this case, a larger separation and approaching displacement are sufficient. Can be done under high accuracy.

そして、この摩耗試験装置1を、図示しない恒温槽内に設置することで、実際のタイヤの使用状態での気温を再現することができ、また、研磨体2に、これも図示しないヒータを取り付けることによって、実際の路面の温度状況を再現することができる。   And by installing this abrasion test apparatus 1 in a thermostat (not shown), it is possible to reproduce the temperature of the actual tire in use, and a heater (not shown) is also attached to the polishing body 2. Thus, the actual temperature condition of the road surface can be reproduced.

以上に述べた摩耗試験装置1を用いて試験を行うに当っては、はじめに、図3に示すように、無端環状に形成したサンプル供試体20を、一対の供試体ローラ4間に巻き掛けて装着するとともに、サンプル供試体20および研磨体2のそれぞれを、供試体ローラ4および研磨体ローラ3の各々への、モータ等による回転駆動力の付与に基き、周方向へ、たとえば図に矢印で示すように走行させる。
ここにおいて、この試験では、実際の負荷転動時のタイヤと高い相関をもって、サンプル供試体20の摩耗を測定するため、たとえば、サンプル供試体20の走行速度V1を、研磨体2の、反時計回りの走行速度V2に対して相対的に相違させることで、後述する、サンプル供試体20と研磨体2との相互の接触姿勢で、それらの間に滑りを生じさせる。
なお、摩耗試験装置1を用いて、サンプル供試体20の、研磨体2に対する相対速度が0、つまり、サンプル供試体20と研磨体2とを等速で走行させた状態で、摩耗試験を行うことも可能である。
In conducting the test using the wear test apparatus 1 described above, first, as shown in FIG. 3, a sample specimen 20 formed in an endless annular shape is wound between a pair of specimen rollers 4. At the same time, the sample specimen 20 and the abrasive body 2 are moved in the circumferential direction, for example, with arrows in the figure, based on the application of rotational driving force by a motor or the like to each of the specimen roller 4 and the abrasive body roller 3. Run as shown.
Here, in this test, in order to measure the wear of the sample specimen 20 with a high correlation with the tire at the time of actual load rolling, for example, the traveling speed V1 of the sample specimen 20 is set to the counterclockwise of the polishing body 2. By making the relative difference with respect to the traveling speed V2, the slippage between the sample specimen 20 and the polishing body 2 is caused between them in the mutual contact posture described later.
The wear test apparatus 1 is used to perform the wear test while the relative speed of the sample specimen 20 with respect to the abrasive body 2 is 0, that is, the sample specimen 20 and the abrasive body 2 are run at a constant speed. It is also possible.

しかる後、一対の供試体ローラ4を、サンプル供試体20とともに、図に白抜き矢印で示す如く下降させて研磨体2に接近させ、図5に示すように、サンプル供試体20の外周側の平坦面部分を、研磨体2の外周側の平坦面部分に、所定の長さにわたって接触させるとともに、前記押圧手段5の作用下で、所要の力で押圧する。   Thereafter, the pair of specimen rollers 4 together with the sample specimen 20 are lowered as shown by the white arrows in the figure to approach the abrasive body 2 and, as shown in FIG. The flat surface portion is brought into contact with the flat surface portion on the outer peripheral side of the polishing body 2 over a predetermined length, and is pressed with a required force under the action of the pressing means 5.

このとき、サンプル供試体20の、図では右側に位置する一方の供試体ローラ4a側の、研磨体2への接触部分では、実際の、タイヤ接地面の踏込み領域での周方向の剪断応力状態を、また、一対の供試体ローラ4a、4b間の平坦面状の接触部分では、タイヤ接地面の、接地圧の作用により押込み変形される荷重直下の領域での剪断応力状態を、そして、図では左側に位置する他方の供試体ローラ4b側の接触部分では、蹴出し領域での剪断応力を、それぞれ高い相関の下に再現することができる。   At this time, in the contact portion of the sample specimen 20 on the side of one specimen roller 4a located on the right side in the drawing with the abrasive body 2, the actual shear stress state in the circumferential direction in the stepping area of the tire ground contact surface Further, in the flat surface contact portion between the pair of specimen rollers 4a and 4b, the state of the shear stress in the region immediately below the load that is pushed and deformed by the action of the contact pressure on the tire contact surface is shown in FIG. Then, at the contact portion on the other specimen roller 4b side located on the left side, the shear stress in the kick-out area can be reproduced with high correlation.

なおここで、試験の途中、たとえば、試験開始から5分が経過した時点で、サンプル供試体20の、研磨体2への押圧力や、サンプル供試体20の走行速度V1を変化させることで、図6に破線で示すような剪断応力を再現することも可能である。   Here, in the middle of the test, for example, when 5 minutes have elapsed from the start of the test, by changing the pressing force of the sample specimen 20 to the polishing body 2 or the traveling speed V1 of the sample specimen 20, It is also possible to reproduce the shear stress as shown by the broken line in FIG.

そして、研磨体2の周方向に複数の3分力センサを設けた場合は、それらのセンサからの、サンプル供試体20の、研磨体2への押圧力、ならびに、研磨体2の周方向および幅方向の剪断力のそれぞれの測定値に基き、図では右側の供試体ローラ4a側から左側の供試体ローラ4b側に到るまでの、サンプル供試体20の、研磨体2との接触部分への周方向剪断応力が、図1に示す、実際のタイヤの接地面が路面から受ける周方向剪断応力と対応する波形となるように、サンプル供試体20の、研磨体2への押圧力および、サンプル供試体20および研磨体2のそれぞれの走行速度を制御することにより、タイヤの摩耗を、より一層高い精度の下で予測することができる。   When a plurality of three component force sensors are provided in the circumferential direction of the polishing body 2, the pressing force of the sample specimen 20 on the polishing body 2 from these sensors, and the circumferential direction of the polishing body 2 and Based on the respective measured values of the shearing force in the width direction, in the drawing, to the contact portion of the sample specimen 20 with the polishing body 2 from the right specimen roller 4a side to the left specimen roller 4b side. The pressing force of the sample specimen 20 to the polishing body 2 is such that the circumferential shear stress of FIG. 1 has a waveform corresponding to the circumferential shear stress that the actual tire contact surface receives from the road surface as shown in FIG. By controlling the traveling speeds of the sample specimen 20 and the abrasive body 2, the wear of the tire can be predicted with higher accuracy.

かかる制御方法の一例を、図7にフローチャートで示す。
図7に示す制御方法では、はじめに、サンプル供試体20の押圧力の測定値が、予め設定した範囲内に入るか否かを検討して、押圧力の測定値がこの範囲から外れる場合は、押圧手段5による押圧力を調整する。
一方、前記押圧力の測定値が、設定範囲内である場合は、次いで、研磨体2の周方向の剪断力の測定値が、予め設定した範囲内に入るか否かを検討して、周方向の剪断力の測定値がこの範囲内から外れる場合は、サンプル供試体20の走行速度V1の、研磨体2の走行速度V2に対する相対値を調整する。
An example of such a control method is shown in the flowchart of FIG.
In the control method shown in FIG. 7, first, whether or not the measured value of the pressing force of the sample specimen 20 falls within a preset range, and if the measured value of the pressing force is out of this range, The pressing force by the pressing means 5 is adjusted.
On the other hand, if the measured value of the pressing force is within the set range, then, it is examined whether or not the measured value of the shearing force in the circumferential direction of the polishing body 2 falls within the preset range. When the measured value of the shear force in the direction is out of this range, the relative value of the traveling speed V1 of the sample specimen 20 with respect to the traveling speed V2 of the polishing body 2 is adjusted.

このことにより、サンプル供試体20の、研磨体2への押圧力、ならびに、研磨体2の周方向の剪断力を、所期したとおりに制御できるので、装置1によって、図1に示すような、実際のタイヤの負荷転動に際する、接地面内での周方向剪断応力状態を忠実に再現することができる。   As a result, the pressing force of the sample specimen 20 on the polishing body 2 and the shearing force in the circumferential direction of the polishing body 2 can be controlled as expected. In the actual rolling load of the tire, the circumferential shear stress state in the contact surface can be faithfully reproduced.

ところで、図3に示す摩耗試験装置1に、一対の供試体ローラ4を、研磨体2の外周側の平坦面に対する垂直軸の周りに回転可能とする角度付与手段、より詳細には、たとえば、一対の供試体ローラ4を支持するフレーム6を取り付けた筒体7を、筒体7の内側の軸部材8の周りで回転させる角度付与手段(図示せず)を設けることが好ましく、この角度付与手段により、研磨体2の走行方向に対して、サンプル供試体20の走行方向に所定の角度を付与した状態で、摩耗試験を実施することができるので、摩耗試験装置1によって、スリップアングルが付与された状態で負荷転動する実際のタイヤの摩耗を、高い精度の下で予測することが可能となる。   By the way, in the abrasion test apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 3, an angle applying means that enables the pair of specimen rollers 4 to rotate around a vertical axis with respect to the flat surface on the outer peripheral side of the abrasive body 2, more specifically, for example, It is preferable to provide an angle applying means (not shown) for rotating the cylinder 7 to which the frame 6 supporting the pair of specimen rollers 4 is attached around the shaft member 8 inside the cylinder 7. Since the wear test can be performed in a state where a predetermined angle is given to the running direction of the sample specimen 20 with respect to the running direction of the polishing body 2 by means, a slip angle is given by the wear test apparatus 1. Thus, it is possible to predict the wear of an actual tire that performs load rolling in a state with high accuracy with high accuracy.

この場合、研磨体2の周方向に複数個設けた3分力センサで、サンプル供試体20の、研磨体2への押圧力、サンプル供試体20および研磨体2のそれぞれの走行速度、ならびに、サンプル供試体20の走行方向の、研磨体2の走行方向に対する角度のそれぞれを制御するには、たとえば、図8に例示するように、はじめに、図7に示す方法と同様に、押圧力の測定値および、研磨体2の周方向の剪断力の測定値のそれぞれが、予め設定した範囲内に入るか否かを検討し、これらの測定値がいずれも設定範囲内である場合は、次いで、研磨体2の幅方向の剪断力の測定値が設定範囲内であるか否かを検討する。
この幅方向剪断力の測定値が設定範囲から外れる場合は、研磨体2に対する、サンプル供試体20の角度を調整する。
In this case, a plurality of three-component force sensors provided in the circumferential direction of the polishing body 2, the pressing force of the sample specimen 20 on the polishing body 2, the traveling speed of each of the sample specimen 20 and the polishing body 2, and In order to control each angle of the traveling direction of the sample specimen 20 with respect to the traveling direction of the polishing body 2, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 8, first, as in the method illustrated in FIG. Each of the measured value and the measurement value of the shearing force in the circumferential direction of the polishing body 2 is examined to determine whether or not it falls within a preset range. If these measured values are both within the set range, then, It is examined whether or not the measured value of the shearing force in the width direction of the polishing body 2 is within the set range.
When the measured value of the shear force in the width direction is out of the set range, the angle of the sample specimen 20 with respect to the polishing body 2 is adjusted.

かかる制御方法を用いることにより、実際のタイヤで、スリップアングルを付与して横力が作用した際の、接地面内での周方向および幅方向剪断応力状態ならびに、接地圧状態を忠実に再現することができる。   By using such a control method, the actual tires faithfully reproduce the circumferential and width direction shear stress state and the contact pressure state in the contact surface when a slip force is applied and a lateral force is applied. be able to.

1 摩耗試験装置
2 研磨体
2a ゴム部材
2b 研磨布
3 研磨体ローラ
4 供試体ローラ
5 押圧手段
6 フレーム
7 筒体
7a 頂壁
8 軸部材
9 コイルスプリング
10 カム
20 サンプル供試体
V1 サンプル供試体の走行速度
V2 研磨体の走行速度
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Abrasion test apparatus 2 Abrasive body 2a Rubber member 2b Polishing cloth 3 Abrasive body roller 4 Specimen roller 5 Pressing means 6 Frame 7 Cylindrical body 7a Top wall 8 Shaft member 9 Coil spring 10 Cam 20 Sample specimen V1 Sample specimen running Speed V2 Abrasive speed

Claims (3)

無端環状の研磨体と、該研磨体を巻き掛けられて、少なくとも一方が回転駆動される一対の研磨体ローラとを具えてなり、弾性材料からなるサンプル供試体を、前記研磨体の外周面に押圧して、サンプル供試体の摩耗量を測定する摩耗試験装置であって、
無端環状に形成したサンプル供試体を、直接的もしくは間接的に巻き掛けられて、少なくとも一方が回転駆動される一対の供試体ローラを、巻き掛けられたサンプル供試体および前記研磨体のそれぞれの外周側の平坦面部分が相互に対向する姿勢で設けるとともに、該一対の供試体ローラを、前記研磨体に対し離隔および接近させる押圧手段を配設してなる摩耗試験装置。
An endless annular polishing body and a pair of polishing body rollers around which the polishing body is wound and at least one of which is rotationally driven are provided, and a sample specimen made of an elastic material is placed on the outer peripheral surface of the polishing body. A wear test device that presses and measures the amount of wear of a sample specimen,
A sample specimen formed in an endless annular shape is directly or indirectly wound, and a pair of specimen rollers, at least one of which is rotationally driven. A wear test apparatus comprising a flat surface portion on the side facing each other and a pressing means for separating and approaching the pair of specimen rollers with respect to the polishing body.
前記研磨体の周方向の複数個所に、該研磨体の周方向および幅方向、ならびに、研磨体の外周面に直交する方向の3方向の分力を測定する3分力センサを取り付けてなる請求項1に記載の摩耗試験装置。   A three-component force sensor that measures component forces in three directions in a circumferential direction and a width direction of the polishing body and a direction orthogonal to the outer peripheral surface of the polishing body is attached to a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the polishing body. Item 2. The wear test apparatus according to Item 1. 前記一対の供試体ローラの相互の離隔および近接変位をもたらすローラ変位手段を設けてなる請求項1もしくは2に記載の摩耗試験装置。   The wear test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising roller displacement means for bringing the pair of specimen rollers apart from each other and causing proximity displacement.
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