JP5474693B2 - Iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper for white porcelain, method for producing ceramic having iron crystal kiln modulation pattern, and ceramic having iron crystal kiln modulation pattern - Google Patents

Iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper for white porcelain, method for producing ceramic having iron crystal kiln modulation pattern, and ceramic having iron crystal kiln modulation pattern Download PDF

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JP5474693B2
JP5474693B2 JP2010165634A JP2010165634A JP5474693B2 JP 5474693 B2 JP5474693 B2 JP 5474693B2 JP 2010165634 A JP2010165634 A JP 2010165634A JP 2010165634 A JP2010165634 A JP 2010165634A JP 5474693 B2 JP5474693 B2 JP 5474693B2
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真紀子 今井
敏行 三方
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Noritake Co Ltd
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本発明は、白磁に結晶窯変調の加飾を施すための転写紙および結晶窯変調の加飾が施された陶磁器に関する。   The present invention relates to a transfer paper for decorating white porcelain with crystal kiln modulation and ceramic with crystal kiln modulation decoration.

食器等の陶磁器を製造するに際しては、例えば、その表面に釉薬を用いて種々の加飾が施される。工業的に大量生産される陶磁器では、安定した加飾を施し得る品質の安定性が特に要求される。そのため、一般に、陶磁器の製造工程では、所望の色相等を得るべく品質変動要因を極力排除することが行われている。例えば、陶磁器の焼成過程においては、焼成雰囲気・温度・釉薬の厚み等の違いにより「窯変」と称される発色変化が生じ得るので、本来の色相が得られるようにそれら変動要因が制御される。   When manufacturing ceramics such as tableware, for example, various decorations are applied to the surface using glaze. Ceramics that are mass-produced industrially are particularly required to have stable quality that can be stably decorated. Therefore, in general, in a ceramic manufacturing process, quality variation factors are eliminated as much as possible in order to obtain a desired hue and the like. For example, in the firing process of ceramics, color changes called “kiln changes” can occur due to differences in firing atmosphere, temperature, glaze thickness, etc., so these fluctuation factors are controlled so that the original hue is obtained. The

上記のように偶然生み出される「窯変」は、安定した品質を得る観点では避けるべきものである。その一方、窯変模様には独特の面白みがあることから、近年、陶磁器の画付け技法の一つとして窯変の面白みを生かす試みも進められている。しかしながら、窯変は窯の中の様々な要因の絡み合いで生ずるため、釉薬の種類、掛け方、焼成条件等を制御して一定の窯変模様を発生させることは極めて困難で、工業的に安定して生産することは事実上不可能である。   The “kiln change” accidentally generated as described above should be avoided from the viewpoint of obtaining stable quality. On the other hand, because of the unique interest of kiln modification patterns, in recent years, attempts have been made to make use of the fun of kiln modification as one of the painting techniques of ceramics. However, kiln changes occur due to entanglement of various factors in the kiln, so it is extremely difficult to control the type of glaze, how to hang it, firing conditions, etc. to generate a certain kiln change pattern, and it is industrially stable. It is virtually impossible to produce.

特公平06−047510号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-047510 特公平06−047512号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-047512 特開平06−183866号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-183866 特許2739695号公報Japanese Patent No. 2737995 特開平06−321667号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-321667 特開平08−133870号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-133870 特開平06−144970号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-144970 特開昭50−155511号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-155511

これに対して、軟化屈服点が90(℃)以上、熱膨張係数が0.2×10-6(/℃)以上異なる釉薬等を重ね合わせて施釉して、焼成処理を施すことにより、窯変調模様を得ることが提案されている(例えば、前記特許文献1を参照。)。 On the other hand, a kiln modulation pattern is obtained by applying and baking a glaze with different softening yield points of 90 (° C) or higher and thermal expansion coefficients of 0.2 × 10 -6 (/ ° C) or higher. Has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

また、陶磁器の素地表面に施されたベース釉薬の上にそれよりも低融点の釉薬を施し、更に、その上にベース釉薬よりも高融点の釉薬を施した後、焼成処理を施すことにより窯変調模様を形成することが提案されている(例えば、前記特許文献2を参照。)。   In addition, by applying a glaze having a lower melting point on the base glaze applied to the surface of the ceramic body, and further applying a glaze having a melting point higher than that of the base glaze on the base glaze, firing is performed. It has been proposed to form a modulation pattern (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

また、タイル素地の上に互いに組成の異なる第1着色釉および第2着色釉を一方をボタ掛け施釉すると共に他方を幕掛け施釉し、更に、その上に透光性の第3釉薬を施すことにより、窯変調タイルを製造することが提案されている(例えば、前記特許文献3を参照。)。この方法によれば、第1着色釉と第2着色釉の適度な反応性が得られるので、それらの反応によって窯変調模様が得られる。   Also, on the tile substrate, first and second colored wrinkles having different compositions from each other are covered and applied, and the other is applied and a translucent third glaze is applied thereon. Has been proposed to manufacture kiln modulation tiles (see, for example, Patent Document 3). According to this method, since moderate reactivity of the first colored soot and the second colored soot can be obtained, a kiln modulation pattern can be obtained by those reactions.

また、陶磁器素地の表面にマット釉薬を下釉薬として表面が平滑になるように施すと共に、その上にその下釉薬よりも耐火度の高い中釉薬を島状に施し、更にそれらの上に透光性の上釉薬を掛けて焼成することで質感のある模様を得ることが提案されている(例えば、前記特許文献4を参照。)。この方法によって得られる模様は、窯変調模様に類似するものと考えられる。しかしながら、これら特許文献1〜特許文献4の何れの方法も、釉薬の化学反応を利用するものであることから、焼成条件等の影響を排除し得ないので、安定した窯変調模様を得ることは困難である。   In addition, the surface of the ceramic body is coated with matte glaze as a glaze so that the surface is smooth, and a medium glaze with a higher fire resistance than that of the glaze is applied in an island shape, and light is further transmitted over them. It has been proposed to obtain a textured pattern by applying a characteristic upper glaze (see, for example, Patent Document 4). The pattern obtained by this method is considered to be similar to the kiln modulation pattern. However, since any method of these patent documents 1-patent documents 4 utilizes the chemical reaction of a glaze, since the influence of baking conditions etc. cannot be excluded, obtaining a stable kiln modulation pattern is not possible. Have difficulty.

これらに対して、釉掛けしたタイル上に窯変調模様を印刷し、更に有色釉を数種類スプレーして斑点状に付着させて焼き付けることにより、窯変調タイルを製造することが提案されている(例えば、前記特許文献5を参照。)。この方法によれば、印刷によって窯変調模様の全体の絵柄が形成されると共に、スプレーによって輪郭のぼやけた模様が得られるため、不安定な焼成条件等の影響を受けることなく窯変調模様を得ることができる。しかしながら、スプレーはばらつきが大きいので、安定した品質で大量生産することは未だ困難である。   On the other hand, it has been proposed to produce a kiln modulation tile by printing a kiln modulation pattern on a tile that has been hung, and further spraying several kinds of colored kites and attaching them in the form of spots and baking them (for example, , See Patent Document 5). According to this method, the entire pattern of the kiln modulation pattern is formed by printing, and a pattern with a blurred outline is obtained by spraying, so that the kiln modulation pattern is obtained without being affected by unstable firing conditions or the like. be able to. However, since sprays vary widely, mass production with stable quality is still difficult.

本発明は、以上の事情を背景として為されたものであって、その目的は、安定した品質で大量生産可能な窯変調模様の陶磁器およびその製造に好適な転写紙を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in the background of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic having a kiln modulation pattern which can be mass-produced with a stable quality and a transfer paper suitable for the production thereof.

斯かる目的を達成するため、第1発明の要旨とするところは、白磁表面に鉄結晶窯変調模様を形成するための転写紙であって、(a)フラックスと硫化銅とを含む絵具により形成された下側絵具層と、(b)フラックスと酸化鉄と酸化クロムとを含む絵具により前記下側絵具層の上に重ねて形成された上側絵具層とを、含み、前記下側絵具層は、硫化銅を10〜40(wt%)の範囲で含むものであることにある。
In order to achieve such an object, the subject matter of the first invention is a transfer paper for forming an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern on a white porcelain surface, which is formed by (a) a paint containing flux and copper sulfide. a lower paint layers, (b) an upper paint layer formed on top of the paint containing chromium oxide as flux and the iron oxide the lower paint layer, seen including, the lower paint layer Is to contain copper sulfide in the range of 10 to 40 (wt%) .

また、第2発明の要旨とするところは、第1発明において、前記上側絵具層は、酸化鉄を15〜35(wt%)、酸化クロムを5〜25(wt%)の範囲で含むものである。
また、第3発明の要旨とするところは、第1発明又は第2発明の白磁用鉄結晶窯変調転写紙を用いて鉄結晶窯変調模様を有する陶磁器を製造する方法であって、前記白磁用鉄結晶窯変調転写紙からその台紙を剥がし、該台紙上の前記下側絵具層およびその上に重ねられた上側絵具層を前記白磁表面に転写する転写工程と、 該転写工程により前記下側絵具層およびその上に重ねられた上側絵具層が転写された白磁を950〜1300(℃)の温度で焼成する焼成工程とを、含むことにある。
また、第4発明の要旨とするところは、第3発明の製造方法により製造された白磁表面に結晶窯変調模様が施された陶磁器であって、(a)硫化銅を含む組成の絵具の熔融により生じた多数の微細な気泡を有し且つ表面にその気泡に起因する凹凸を有する下層と、(b)酸化鉄および酸化クロムを含む組成の絵具により前記下層の上に重ねて形成され且つ結晶風模様を有する上層とを、含むことにある。
The gist of the second invention is that, in the first invention, the upper paint layer contains iron oxide in a range of 15 to 35 (wt%) and chromium oxide in a range of 5 to 25 (wt%).
The gist of the third invention is a method for producing a ceramic having an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern using the iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper for white porcelain of the first invention or the second invention. A transfer step of peeling the mount from the iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper, and transferring the lower paint layer on the mount and the upper paint layer superimposed thereon onto the white porcelain surface, and the lower paint by the transfer step A firing step of firing the white porcelain to which the layer and the upper paint layer superimposed thereon are transferred at a temperature of 950 to 1300 (° C.).
The gist of the fourth invention is a ceramic having a white porcelain surface produced by the production method of the third invention and an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern, wherein (a) a paint having a composition containing copper sulfide is used. A lower layer having a large number of fine bubbles generated by melting and having irregularities due to the bubbles on the surface thereof, and (b) formed over the lower layer by a paint having a composition containing iron oxide and chromium oxide, and And an upper layer having a crystal-like pattern.

前記第1発明によれば、下側絵具層にフラックスと10〜40(wt%)の硫化銅とが含まれることから、これを焼成するとそれらの反応により硫化銅が僅かに発泡し、下側絵具層から生成される下層内に多数の微細な気泡が生じる。また、上側絵具層にフラックスと酸化鉄と酸化クロムとが含まれることから、これを焼成するとそれらの反応により上側絵具層から生成される上層内に細かな鉄結晶風の外観(模様)が無数に生成され、ざらざらした質感のマット調の表面が得られる。このとき、下層内で生成した多数の微細な気泡により上層表面の凹凸が一層顕著になるので、結晶窯変調の凹凸表面が容易に得られることになる。また、このような鉄結晶窯変調模様は、転写紙に下側絵具層および上側絵具層を重ねて設け、これを白磁表面に転写して焼成処理を施すことで得られるから、安定した品質で大量生産することも可能である。
According to the first invention, since the lower paint layer contains flux and 10 to 40 (wt%) of copper sulfide, when this is fired, the copper sulfide is slightly foamed by their reaction, and the lower side A large number of fine bubbles are generated in the lower layer generated from the paint layer. In addition, since the upper paint layer contains flux, iron oxide, and chromium oxide, the appearance (pattern) of fine iron crystal winds is innumerable in the upper layer generated from the upper paint layer by their reaction when fired. This produces a matte surface with a rough texture. At this time, since the irregularities on the upper layer surface become more prominent due to a large number of fine bubbles generated in the lower layer, the irregular surface of the crystal kiln modulation can be easily obtained. In addition, such an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern can be obtained by providing a transfer paper with a lower paint layer and an upper paint layer stacked on top of each other, transferring them to a white porcelain surface, and performing a firing process. Mass production is also possible.

また、前記第2発明によれば、第1発明の上側絵具層は、酸化鉄を15〜35(wt%)、酸化クロムを5〜25(wt%)の範囲で含むことにより、一般的なフラックスを用い且つ特に酸化鉄量や酸化クロム量を調整したり他の添加成分を加える等の調整を施すことなく、容易に適度なマット調表面が得られる利点がある。
また、第3発明によれば、第1発明又は第2発明の白磁用鉄結晶窯変調転写紙の台紙上の下側絵具層およびその上に重ねられた上側絵具層が表面に転写された白磁が、表面に転写された後、950〜1300(℃)の温度で焼成されることにより、鉄結晶窯変調模様を有する陶磁器が製造される。
また、前記第3発明によれば、第2発明の製造方法によって、硫化銅を含む絵具の熔融により生じた多数の微細な気泡を層内に有し且つ表面にその気泡に起因する凹凸を有する下層が白磁表面に備えられると共に、その下層に重ねて酸化鉄および酸化クロムを含む結晶風模様を有する上層が備えられることから、それら酸化鉄および酸化クロムが含まれることによってざらざらした質感のマット調表面を有する上層は、下層表面の凹凸の影響を受けて鉄結晶窯変調の表面性状を備えたものとなる。したがって、鉄結晶窯変調模様を有する陶磁器が容易に得られる。また、このような鉄結晶窯変調模様は、前記第1発明の転写紙を用いて白磁表面に転写して焼成処理を施すことで得られるから、安定した品質で大量生産することも可能である。
According to the second aspect of the invention, the upper paint layer of the first aspect of the present invention generally contains iron oxide in the range of 15 to 35 (wt%) and chromium oxide in the range of 5 to 25 (wt%). There is an advantage that an appropriate mat-like surface can be easily obtained without using flux and adjusting the amount of iron oxide or chromium oxide or adjusting other additive components.
According to the third invention, the white porcelain on which the lower paint layer on the mount of the iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper for white porcelain of the first invention or the second invention and the upper paint layer superimposed thereon are transferred to the surface. After being transferred to the surface, it is fired at a temperature of 950 to 1300 (° C.) to produce a ceramic having an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern.
Further, according to the third invention, the manufacturing method of the second invention has a number of fine bubbles generated by melting of the paint containing copper sulfide in the layer, and the surface has irregularities due to the bubbles. Since the lower layer is provided on the white porcelain surface and the upper layer having a crystal-like pattern containing iron oxide and chromium oxide is provided on the lower layer, the matte texture is rough due to the inclusion of iron oxide and chromium oxide. The upper layer having the surface is provided with the surface property of the iron crystal kiln modulation under the influence of the unevenness of the lower surface. Therefore, a ceramic having an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern can be easily obtained. Moreover, since such an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern is obtained by transferring to the white porcelain surface using the transfer paper of the first invention and firing it, it can be mass-produced with stable quality. .

因みに、窯変調模様或いはそれに類する凹凸表面の施釉面を備えた陶磁器の製造方法は、従来から種々提案されている。例えば、前記特許文献6には、素地に施釉して本焼成およびブラスト処理を施した後、釉の軟化温度よりも高く且つ本焼成温度よりも低い温度で再焼成する施釉製品の製造方法が記載されている。従来から知られている施釉タイルの表面を粗くし或いは艶消しをして光沢を低くするために、素地に施釉し焼成した後に施釉面をブラスト処理したタイルは、ブラスト処理により表面に微細な凹凸が形成されるために汚れが付着し易く、且つ付着した汚れを容易に除去できない問題があったため、上記製造方法はこれに対処したものである。この製造方法は、凹凸のある施釉面を作る点では本願発明と共通するが、ブラストで生じた微細な凹凸の先鋭な部分を滑らかにすることが目的である。そのため、本願発明のように、絵具を反応させて窯変調模様を作製することは記載されていない。   Incidentally, various methods for producing ceramics having a kiln modulation pattern or a glazed surface with an uneven surface similar thereto have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 6 describes a method for producing a glazed product which is baked at a temperature higher than the softening temperature of the cocoon and lower than the main calcination temperature after glazing and calcination and blasting on the substrate. Has been. In order to reduce the gloss by roughening or matting the surface of glazed tiles that have been known in the past, tiles that have been glazed and baked after being glazed and fired on the substrate have fine irregularities on the surface. In the manufacturing method described above, there is a problem in that dirt is likely to adhere due to the formation of and the attached dirt cannot be easily removed. Although this manufacturing method is common to the present invention in that a glazed surface having irregularities is formed, the objective is to smooth sharp points of fine irregularities generated by blasting. Therefore, it is not described that the kiln modulation pattern is produced by reacting the paint as in the present invention.

また、前記特許文献7には、下釉とそれよりも高融点の上釉とを重ねて塗布して下釉の融点以上の温度で焼成することにより、陶磁器の施釉面に凹凸を形成する方法が記載されている。凹凸を形成するために下釉と同じ材料で上釉を部分的に施す方法では上釉の形状や輪郭が明瞭で自然な凹凸感が得られないことから、上記施釉方法はこれに対処したものである。この製造方法によれば、下釉が溶融して下釉に上釉が浮遊した状態になり、冷却時には上釉のない下釉の部分が遅れて凝固することから、凝固収縮によりその高さ位置が低くなるので、凹凸形状の施釉面が得られる。この施釉方法は、凹凸のある施釉面を作る点では本願発明と共通するが、上記施釉方法は自然な凹凸を形成することが目的であり、絵具を反応させて窯変調模様を作製することは全く記載されていない。   Further, in Patent Document 7, a method for forming irregularities on the glazed surface of a ceramic by applying a lower glazing and an upper glazing having a melting point higher than the lower glazing and firing at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the lower glazing. Is described. The above glazing method addressed this because the upper heel is partially made of the same material as the lower heel to form the undulations, because the shape and contour of the upper heel are clear and natural undulations cannot be obtained. It is. According to this manufacturing method, the lower iron melts and the upper iron floats on the lower iron, and the portion of the lower iron without the upper iron is solidified with delay during cooling. As a result, the concavo-convex shaped glazed surface is obtained. Although this glazing method is common to the present invention in that it forms an uneven glazed surface, the above glazing method is intended to form natural unevenness, and it is possible to produce a kiln modulation pattern by reacting paints. It is not described at all.

また、前記特許文献8には、タイル表面に釉薬による無数のクレーター状泡沫模様を顕出する窯変装飾技法が記載されている。この装飾技法は、耐火度の低い低火度釉を全面に厚く施し、その全面または適当な部分に耐火度の高い高火度釉を施して焼成するものである。クレーター模様を顕出するためには、釉薬に適量の発泡剤を入れ、発泡した釉薬の泡沫をタイル上面に付着させて絵付けし、焼成処理を施すことが行われていたが、単一色で平面的な模様になると共に複雑な装置が必要になるため、上記装飾技法はこれに対処したものである。上記装飾技法によれば、低火度釉が沸騰することで、高火度釉面に大小無数のクレーター模様が顕出されるものとされている。この装飾技法は、凹凸のある施釉面を作る点では本願発明と共通するが、上記特許文献8でいう「窯変」は無数のクレーター模様であって、本願発明で実現しようとする備前焼に現れるような焼き色を意味する「窯変」とは全く相違する。しかも、上記装飾技法は釉薬の溶融により表面形状を変化させるもので、絵具に含まれる金属酸化物の反応による焼き色の変化は記載されていない。   Moreover, the said patent document 8 describes the kiln modification decoration technique which reveals the countless crater-like foam pattern by a glaze on the tile surface. In this decoration technique, a low-fire flame with low fire resistance is thickly applied on the entire surface, and a high-fire flame with high fire-resistance is applied on the entire surface or an appropriate portion and fired. In order to reveal the crater pattern, an appropriate amount of foaming agent was added to the glaze, and the foamed glaze was attached to the top surface of the tile, painted, and baked. The decorative technique addresses this because it requires a flat pattern and a complex device. According to the above-mentioned decoration technique, it is supposed that a large number of large and small crater patterns are revealed on the surface of the high-fired firewood by boiling the low-fired firewood. This decoration technique is common to the present invention in that it has an uneven glazed surface. However, the “kiln change” referred to in Patent Document 8 is an infinite number of crater patterns, and appears in Bizen ware to be realized in the present invention. This is completely different from “Kihen-hen”, which means such a baked color. Moreover, the decoration technique changes the surface shape by melting the glaze, and does not describe the change in the baked color due to the reaction of the metal oxide contained in the paint.

ここで、第1発明では、前記下側絵具層は、硫化銅を10〜40(wt%)の範囲で含むものである。このようにすれば、鉄結晶窯変調模様に一層好ましい発泡状態が得られる添加量が少なくなると発泡が少なくなり延いては凹凸が少なくなる傾向があり、添加量が多くなると発泡が激しくなって白磁との密着性が低下する傾向がある。これらの傾向は、フラックスの組成や他の添加物を適宜調整することで緩和することができるが、上記範囲内とすれば、例えば一般的なフラックスを用い且つ特に他の添加成分を加える等の調整を施すことなく、容易に適度な発泡状態が得られる利点がある。
Here, in the first invention, the lower paint layer contains copper sulfide in a range of 10 to 40 (wt%). In this way, a more preferable foaming state can be obtained for the iron crystal kiln modulation pattern . When the amount added is small, foaming decreases and the unevenness tends to decrease, and when the amount is large, foaming becomes intense and the adhesion with white porcelain tends to decrease. These tendencies can be alleviated by appropriately adjusting the composition of the flux and other additives. However, within the above range, for example, a general flux is used and particularly other additive components are added. There is an advantage that an appropriate foamed state can be easily obtained without adjustment.

また、硫化銅の添加量は、上記観点から15〜30(wt%)の範囲内とすることが一層好ましい。また、硫化銅は一般に1価のCu2Sと2価のCuSが知られており、何れを用いても同様な効果を享受できる。但し、2価のCuSの方が紫外線安定性が高いことから、工業的にはこれを用いることが好ましい。なお、絵具に添加される銅化合物としては酸化銅が良く用いられているが、硫化銅に代えて酸化銅を添加しても反応が起きず発泡が得られない。 Further, the addition amount of copper sulfide is more preferably in the range of 15 to 30 (wt%) from the above viewpoint. Further, monovalent Cu 2 S and divalent CuS are generally known as copper sulfide, and the same effect can be enjoyed by using either of them. However, since bivalent CuS has higher ultraviolet stability, it is preferable to use it industrially. In addition, although copper oxide is often used as the copper compound added to the paint, even if copper oxide is added instead of copper sulfide, no reaction occurs and foaming is not obtained.

また、第2発明では、上側絵具層は、酸化鉄を15〜35(wt%)の範囲で含むものである。このようにすれば、鉄結晶窯変調模様に一層好ましいマット調表面が得られる。酸化鉄の添加量は特に限定されず、種々の添加量において程度の相違はあるものの窯変調模様形成に資するマット調表面を得ることができるが、酸化鉄はフラックスの熔融を制御する作用があるため、添加量が少なくなるとフラックスが熔け易くなることから、下側絵具層で生じた気泡が上側絵具層を抜け出易くなり、その後、熔けたフラックスが表面を覆うので、凹凸が無く且つマット調表面が得られ難くなる傾向がある。一方、添加量が多くなるとフラックスが熔け難くなることから、下側絵具層で生じた気泡が上側絵具層の絵具粒子の隙間から抜け、下側絵具層の発泡による上側絵具層の質感変化が得られ難くなる。これらの傾向は、フラックスの組成や酸化クロムを含む他の添加物を適宜調整することで緩和することができるが、上記範囲内とすれば、例えば一般的なフラックスを用い且つ特に酸化クロム量を調整したり他の添加成分を加える等の調整を施すことなく、容易に適度なマット調表面が得られる利点がある。また、酸化鉄の添加量は、上記観点から20〜30(wt%)の範囲が一層好ましい。
In the second invention, the upper paint layer contains iron oxide in the range of 15 to 35 (wt%). In this way, a matte surface more preferable for the iron crystal kiln modulation pattern can be obtained. The addition amount of iron oxide is not particularly limited, and although there is a difference in degree in various addition amounts, a mat-like surface that contributes to the formation of a kiln modulation pattern can be obtained, but iron oxide has the effect of controlling flux melting. Therefore, since the flux is easily melted when the addition amount is small, bubbles generated in the lower paint layer easily escape from the upper paint layer, and then the melted flux covers the surface, so there is no unevenness and a mat-like surface Tends to be difficult to obtain. On the other hand, since the flux becomes difficult to melt when the added amount increases, bubbles generated in the lower paint layer escape from the gaps between the paint particles of the upper paint layer, and the texture change of the upper paint layer due to foaming of the lower paint layer is obtained. It becomes difficult to be. These tendencies can be alleviated by appropriately adjusting the composition of the flux and other additives including chromium oxide. There is an advantage that an appropriate mat-like surface can be easily obtained without adjusting or adding other additive components. Further, the amount of iron oxide added is more preferably in the range of 20 to 30 (wt%) from the above viewpoint.

また、第2発明では、前記上側絵具層は、酸化クロムを5〜25(wt%)の範囲で含むものである。このようにすれば、鉄結晶窯変調模様に一層好ましいマット調表面が得られる。酸化クロムの添加量は特に限定されず、種々の添加量において程度の相違はあるものの窯変調模様形成に資するマット調表面を得ることができるが、酸化クロムはフラックスの熔融を制御する作用があるため、添加量が少なくなるとフラックスが熔け易くなることから、下側絵具層で生じた気泡が上側絵具層を抜け出易くなり、その後、熔けたフラックスが表面を覆うので、凹凸が無く且つマット調表面が得られ難くなる傾向がある。一方、添加量が多くなるとフラックスが熔け難くなることから、下側絵具層で生じた気泡が上側絵具層の絵具粒子の隙間から抜け、下側絵具層の発泡による上側絵具層の質感変化が得られ難くなる。これらの傾向は、フラックスの組成や酸化鉄を含む他の添加物を適宜調整することで緩和することができるが、上記範囲内とすれば、例えば一般的なフラックスを用い且つ特に酸化鉄量を調整したり他の添加成分を加える等の調整を施すことなく、容易に適度なマット調表面が得られる利点がある。また、酸化クロムの添加量は、上記観点から10〜20(wt%)の範囲が一層好ましい。 In the second invention, the upper paint layer contains chromium oxide in a range of 5 to 25 (wt%). In this way, a matte surface more preferable for the iron crystal kiln modulation pattern can be obtained. The addition amount of chromium oxide is not particularly limited, and although there is a difference in degree in various addition amounts, a mat-like surface that contributes to the formation of a kiln modulation pattern can be obtained, but chromium oxide has an action of controlling the melting of the flux. Therefore, since the flux is easily melted when the addition amount is small, bubbles generated in the lower paint layer easily escape from the upper paint layer, and then the melted flux covers the surface, so there is no unevenness and a mat-like surface Tends to be difficult to obtain. On the other hand, since the flux becomes difficult to melt when the added amount increases, bubbles generated in the lower paint layer escape from the gaps between the paint particles of the upper paint layer, and the texture change of the upper paint layer due to foaming of the lower paint layer is obtained. It becomes difficult to be. These tendencies can be alleviated by adjusting the composition of the flux and other additives including iron oxide as appropriate, but within the above range, for example, a general flux is used and the amount of iron oxide is particularly reduced. There is an advantage that an appropriate mat-like surface can be easily obtained without adjusting or adding other additive components. Further, the addition amount of chromium oxide is more preferably in the range of 10 to 20 (wt%) from the above viewpoint.

また、好適には、前記鉄結晶窯変調転写紙は、前記下側絵具層および前記上側絵具層に加えて、それらの上側或いは下側に他の絵具層が更に備えられていてもよい。他の絵具層は、例えば相互にパターンの異なる複数の絵具層を重ね合わせることで、2層では得られない様々な模様や質感を得るために追加されるもので、得ようとする窯変調模様に応じて適宜のものを採用すればよい。なお、3層以上が積層された重版とすることで、一層多彩な窯変調模様を得ることができるが、積層数が多くなり過ぎると下側に設けた層の色相や質感が表面に現れるように設計することが困難になるので、積層数は4層程度に留めることが好ましい。   Preferably, the iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper may further include another paint layer on the upper side or the lower side in addition to the lower paint layer and the upper paint layer. Other paint layers are added to obtain various patterns and textures that cannot be obtained with two layers by, for example, overlapping a plurality of paint layers having different patterns from each other. Appropriate ones may be adopted depending on the situation. In addition, it is possible to obtain a more versatile kiln modulation pattern by making a stencil with three or more layers laminated, but the hue and texture of the layer provided on the lower side appear on the surface when the number of laminated layers becomes too large Therefore, the number of stacked layers is preferably limited to about four layers.

また、前記下側絵具層および上側絵具層、或いは3層以上の重版とされる場合の他の絵具層に添加される成分は、得ようとする色調や表面性状等に応じて適宜定められるものである。例えば、黒系の色調を有する窯変調模様を得ようとする場合には、上側材料層に酸化コバルトを添加する等により実現することができる。また、マット調表面を得ようとする場合には、従来から陶磁器の釉薬にマット材として用いられているアルミナ、珪酸ジルコニウム、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等、適宜のものを添加すればよい。   In addition, the components added to the lower paint layer and the upper paint layer, or other paint layers in the case of three or more layers are appropriately determined according to the color tone or surface property to be obtained. It is. For example, when obtaining a kiln modulation pattern having a black color tone, it can be realized by adding cobalt oxide to the upper material layer. In order to obtain a mat-like surface, an appropriate material such as alumina, zirconium silicate, titanium oxide, or zinc oxide, which has been conventionally used as a mat material in ceramic glazes, may be added.

また、好適には、前記陶磁器に前記窯変調転写紙を転写した後の焼成処理は、1100〜1250(℃)で施される。通常の白磁等の硬釉磁器の絵付けは例えば800〜850(℃)で焼成処理が施されるが、下側絵具層に添加した硫化銅や上側絵具層に添加した酸化鉄および酸化クロムを十分に反応させるためには、1100(℃)以上の高温が好ましい。   Preferably, the baking treatment after transferring the kiln modulation transfer paper to the ceramic is performed at 1100 to 1250 (° C.). Ordinary white porcelain such as white porcelain is painted at a temperature of 800 to 850 (° C), for example, with copper sulfide added to the lower paint layer and iron oxide and chromium oxide added to the upper paint layer. A high temperature of 1100 (° C.) or higher is preferable for sufficient reaction.

本発明の一実施例の転写紙を側面視にて示す図である。It is a figure which shows the transfer paper of one Example of this invention by a side view. 図1の転写紙の製造工程およびこれを用いた絵付け工程を説明する工程図である。It is process drawing explaining the manufacturing process of the transfer paper of FIG. 1, and the painting process using the same. 図2の転写工程の実施過程を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the implementation process of the transcription | transfer process of FIG. 転写により絵付けされた陶磁器の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the ceramics painted by transcription | transfer. 図4の陶磁器の要部断面を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure which shows typically the principal part cross section of the ceramics of FIG. 図4の陶磁器において突起が形成された状態を模式的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows typically the state in which the protrusion was formed in the ceramics of FIG. 硫化銅が過剰に添加された場合の図6に対応する図であって、上層に孔が生じた状態を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure corresponding to Drawing 6 when copper sulfide is added excessively, and is a figure showing typically the state where the hole was generated in the upper layer.

以下、本発明の一実施例を図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、以下の実施例において図は適宜簡略化或いは変形されており、各部の寸法比および形状等は必ずしも正確に描かれていない。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the drawings are appropriately simplified or modified, and the dimensional ratios, shapes, and the like of the respective parts are not necessarily drawn accurately.

図1は、本発明の一実施例の白磁用鉄結晶窯変調転写紙10(以下、転写紙10という)の断面を模式的に示す図である。図1において、転写紙10は、白磁の転写絵付けに通常用いられるものと同様に、台紙12の上に下側絵具層14および上側絵具層16が形成され、更にその上側絵具層16を覆うトップコート18が設けられたもので、この転写紙10を適用しようとする白磁の形状に応じて、例えばドーナツ型の平面形状を備えている。   FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a white porcelain iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper 10 (hereinafter referred to as transfer paper 10) according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a transfer paper 10 has a lower paint layer 14 and an upper paint layer 16 formed on a mount 12 and covers the upper paint layer 16 in the same manner as that normally used for white porcelain transfer painting. A top coat 18 is provided and has a donut-shaped planar shape, for example, according to the shape of white porcelain to which the transfer paper 10 is applied.

上記の下側絵具層14は、フラックス、硫化銅、有機結合材、および有機溶剤から構成される。上記フラックスは、例えば、Li2O、Na2O、K2O、MgO、CaO、ZnO、B2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、ZrO2等から選択される3種以上の成分、例えば、K2O-Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系ガラスから成るもので、例えば、4.3×10-6(/℃)程度の熱膨張係数と、700(℃)程度の軟化点とを備えている。具体的組成の一例を下記の表1に示す。また、硫化銅は例えば2価のCuSである。また、下側絵具層14には、焼成後に残存する成分について、例えば、フラックスが75(wt%)、硫化銅が25(wt%)の割合で含まれている。 The lower paint layer 14 is composed of flux, copper sulfide, an organic binder, and an organic solvent. The flux includes, for example, three or more components selected from Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, MgO, CaO, ZnO, B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , ZrO 2, etc. For example, it is made of K 2 O-Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass, for example, a thermal expansion coefficient of about 4.3 × 10 -6 (/ ° C) and 700 (° C) With a softening point of a degree. An example of a specific composition is shown in Table 1 below. The copper sulfide is, for example, divalent CuS. Further, the lower paint layer 14 contains, for example, a flux of 75 (wt%) and copper sulfide of 25 (wt%) with respect to the components remaining after firing.

Figure 0005474693
Figure 0005474693

また、前記上側絵具層16は、フラックス、金属酸化物、有機結合材、および有機溶剤から構成される。上記フラックスは、例えば下側絵具層14と同一のものが用いられるが、これに限られず異なる組成を有するガラスが用いられても良い。また、上記金属酸化物は、例えば、酸化鉄 Fe2O3および酸化クロム Cr2O3であるが、何れも異なる価数のものであっても差し支えない。この上側絵具層16には、焼成後に残存する成分について、例えば、フラックスが60(wt%)、酸化鉄が30(wt%)、酸化クロムが10(wt%)の割合で含まれている。 The upper paint layer 16 is composed of a flux, a metal oxide, an organic binder, and an organic solvent. For example, the same flux as that of the lower paint layer 14 is used as the flux, but the present invention is not limited to this, and glass having a different composition may be used. Also, the metal oxide is, for example, iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 and chromium oxide Cr 2 O 3, no problem even any of different valences. The upper paint layer 16 contains, for example, the components remaining after firing in such a ratio that the flux is 60 (wt%), iron oxide is 30 (wt%), and chromium oxide is 10 (wt%).

図2は、上記転写紙10の製造工程およびこれを用いた陶磁器の絵付け工程の要部を説明する工程図である。なお、調合工程S1〜印刷工程S5は、下側絵具層14および上側絵具層16のそれぞれについて実施される。調合工程S1では、前記組成のフラックスが得られるように定められた割合でガラス原料を調合する。次いで、熔融工程S2では、例えば1400(℃)でガラス原料を溶融し、冷却後、粉砕工程S3でポットミル等を用いて乾式粉砕する。粉砕後の粒径は印刷時に用いられる目開きが60(μm)程度のスクリーンメッシュを容易に通過する大きさで、例えば10(μm)以下である。   FIG. 2 is a process diagram for explaining a main part of the manufacturing process of the transfer paper 10 and a ceramic painting process using the same. The blending step S1 to the printing step S5 are performed for each of the lower paint layer 14 and the upper paint layer 16. In the blending step S1, glass raw materials are blended at a ratio determined so as to obtain the flux having the above composition. Next, in the melting step S2, for example, the glass raw material is melted at 1400 (° C.), and after cooling, dry pulverization is performed using a pot mill or the like in the pulverizing step S3. The particle size after pulverization is such that the mesh used for printing easily passes through a screen mesh having an opening of about 60 (μm), for example, 10 (μm) or less.

次いで、混合工程S4では、ガラス粉末に前記無機成分およびビヒクルを添加し、三本ロールミル等を用いて湿式混合する。これにより、前記下側絵具層14および上側絵具層16をそれぞれ形成するための印刷用絵具が得られる。なお、ビヒクルの添加量は、印刷が容易な粘度が得られるように適宜定めればよい。次いで、印刷工程S5では、例えば厚膜スクリーン印刷の手法を用いて、適宜のパターンで下側絵具層14および上側絵具層16を順次に重ねて印刷する。これにより、前記図1に示される転写紙10が得られる。   Next, in the mixing step S4, the inorganic component and the vehicle are added to the glass powder and wet mixed using a three-roll mill or the like. As a result, printing paints for forming the lower paint layer 14 and the upper paint layer 16 are obtained. Note that the amount of the vehicle added may be appropriately determined so that a viscosity that allows easy printing can be obtained. Next, in the printing step S5, for example, using a thick film screen printing technique, the lower paint layer 14 and the upper paint layer 16 are sequentially overlapped and printed in an appropriate pattern. Thereby, the transfer paper 10 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

次いで、転写工程S6では、絵付けを施す陶磁器を用意し、台紙12を剥がして転写紙10をその所定の位置に貼り付ける。図3は、この貼り付け過程を示したもので、絵付けする皿素地20の外周縁よりもやや内周側の位置にドーナツ型の転写紙10が皿素地20と同心に貼り付けられている。この皿素地20は、例えば白磁から成るもので、素地自体の焼成処理および全体を覆う釉薬の焼成処理が施されたものである。   Next, in the transfer step S6, a ceramic to be painted is prepared, the mount 12 is peeled off, and the transfer paper 10 is attached to the predetermined position. FIG. 3 shows this affixing process, and the donut-shaped transfer paper 10 is affixed concentrically with the dish base 20 at a position slightly inside the outer peripheral edge of the dish base 20 to be painted. . This dish base 20 is made of, for example, white porcelain, and is subjected to a firing process of the base itself and a glaze firing process covering the whole.

このようにして転写紙10を貼り付けた後、焼成工程S7において、下側絵具層14および上側絵具層16の組成に応じた950〜1300(℃)の範囲内の適宜の温度、例えば1220(℃)で焼成処理を施す。これにより、下側絵具層14および上側絵具層16からビヒクルやトップコート等の有機物が焼失し、且つそれらに含まれるフラックスが溶融させられることにより、下地層26および上層28(図5参照)が生成され、図4に例示されるような窯変調模様22が形成された皿24が得られる。図5に、下地層26および上層28が形成された皿24の外周縁部断面を模式的に示す。なお、下地層26および上層28の実際の厚さ寸法は皿厚みに比して無視できる程度に薄いが、図5では図示の都合により皿24の厚みに対して下地層26および上層28の厚みが著しく厚く描かれている。   After pasting the transfer paper 10 in this way, in the firing step S7, an appropriate temperature within the range of 950 to 1300 (° C.) according to the composition of the lower paint layer 14 and the upper paint layer 16, for example, 1220 ( ℃)). As a result, organic substances such as vehicles and top coats are burned out from the lower paint layer 14 and the upper paint layer 16, and the flux contained therein is melted, whereby the base layer 26 and the upper layer 28 (see FIG. 5) are formed. A dish 24 is obtained which is produced and formed with a kiln modulation pattern 22 as illustrated in FIG. FIG. 5 schematically shows a cross section of the outer peripheral edge of the dish 24 on which the base layer 26 and the upper layer 28 are formed. The actual thickness dimension of the base layer 26 and the upper layer 28 is negligibly thin compared to the thickness of the dish, but in FIG. 5, the thickness of the base layer 26 and the upper layer 28 with respect to the thickness of the dish 24 for convenience of illustration. Is markedly thick.

このとき、本実施例においては、下側絵具層14および上側絵具層16をそれぞれ構成するフラックスが前記のような組成を有することから、下側絵具層14から生成される下地層26内では硫化銅の反応により多数の微細な気泡が生成される。一方、上側絵具層16から生成される上層28では、酸化鉄および酸化クロムの反応により、マット調表面が得られるが、このとき、下地層26の表面には生成された内部気泡に応じて多数の微細な凹凸が形成されているので、その凹凸が上層28の表面にも反映され、マット調表面の凹凸が一層明瞭になる。これにより、鉄結晶窯変調模様22を有する皿24が得られる。   At this time, in this embodiment, since the fluxes constituting the lower paint layer 14 and the upper paint layer 16 have the above-described composition, they are sulfided in the base layer 26 generated from the lower paint layer 14. Many fine bubbles are generated by the reaction of copper. On the other hand, in the upper layer 28 generated from the upper paint layer 16, a mat-like surface is obtained by the reaction of iron oxide and chromium oxide. At this time, the surface of the base layer 26 has a large number according to the generated internal bubbles. Therefore, the unevenness is reflected on the surface of the upper layer 28, and the unevenness of the matte surface becomes clearer. Thereby, the dish 24 having the iron crystal kiln modulation pattern 22 is obtained.

なお、図示は困難であるため省略するが、上記下側絵具層14および上側絵具層16を備えた転写紙10を白磁に転写して昇温しながら高温顕微鏡で観察したところ、焼成温度である1220(℃)に達して保持時間に入ると、発泡する様子が観察された。また、硫化銅を含む下側絵具層14に代えて酸化銅(CuO)を含む絵具層を設けて同様に観察したところ、発泡は殆ど認められなかった。この実験結果によれば、本実施例において、窯変調模様が得られる原因は、硫化銅を含む下側絵具層14の発泡によるものであると考えられる。   Although not shown because it is difficult to illustrate, the transfer paper 10 provided with the lower paint layer 14 and the upper paint layer 16 is transferred to white porcelain and observed with a high-temperature microscope while raising the temperature. When reaching 1220 (° C.) and entering the holding time, foaming was observed. Further, when a paint layer containing copper oxide (CuO) was provided instead of the lower paint layer 14 containing copper sulfide and observed in the same manner, almost no foaming was observed. According to this experimental result, in this example, it is considered that the cause of obtaining the kiln modulation pattern is due to foaming of the lower paint layer 14 containing copper sulfide.

ここで、種々の絵具組成について、前述した実施例と同様にして前記転写紙10に代えて4層構成の転写紙を作製し、絵付けを行った試験結果を説明する。下記の表2は、転写紙の各層の絵具組成と、得られたガラス層の質感とをまとめたものである。台紙上に1版から順に絵具層を積層し、4版で形成した絵具層の表面をトップコートで覆った。各層に用いたフラックスは、全て前記表1に示したものである。また、表2において、No.1、8が実施例で、No.2〜7は適切な窯変調模様が得られなかった比較例である。また、各絵具組成においては金属成分のみを示しているが、硫化銅 CuSの他は全て酸化物で、SPAは珪酸ジルコニウムである。なお、以下の説明においては、1版、2版等の語を、適宜これらから皿素地上に生成された焼成前或いは焼成後の層を意味するものとして用いる。   Here, with respect to various paint compositions, a test result in which a transfer paper having a four-layer structure is produced in place of the transfer paper 10 in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, and painting is performed will be described. Table 2 below summarizes the paint composition of each layer of the transfer paper and the texture of the resulting glass layer. The paint layer was laminated in order from the first plate on the mount, and the surface of the paint layer formed by the 4th plate was covered with a top coat. All the fluxes used for each layer are shown in Table 1 above. In Table 2, Nos. 1 and 8 are examples, and Nos. 2 to 7 are comparative examples in which an appropriate kiln modulation pattern was not obtained. In addition, in each paint composition, only the metal component is shown, but all other than copper sulfide CuS is an oxide, and SPA is zirconium silicate. In the following description, terms such as 1st edition, 2nd edition, etc. are used to mean layers before and after firing, which are appropriately formed on the plate substrate.

Figure 0005474693
Figure 0005474693

上記の表2において、2版が前記の下側絵具層14に相当し、3版が前記の上側絵具層に相当する。上記評価例では、これらの上下に1版および4版を追加したものとなっている。No.1〜7は、何れも茶系の窯変調模様を得るための組成であり、1版および4版は全て共通である。2版が25(wt%)の硫化銅を含み、3版が30(wt%)の酸化鉄と10(wt%)の酸化クロムを含むNo.1の絵具組成では、良好な茶系の窯変模様が得られた。これに対して、2版の硫化銅が5(wt%)のNo.2の組成では、凹凸が十分に形成されず、窯変調模様が得られなかった。硫化銅が過少であるため、発泡が不十分になったものと考えられる。また、2版の硫化銅が45(wt%)のNo.3の組成では、発泡が著しく剥離も生じる結果となった。硫化銅が過剰であるため、発泡が過剰になったものと考えられる。この結果によれば、硫化銅は、10〜40(wt%)程度の範囲が好ましいものと考えられる。   In Table 2 above, version 2 corresponds to the lower paint layer 14 and version 3 corresponds to the upper paint layer. In the above evaluation example, the first and fourth plates are added above and below. Nos. 1 to 7 are compositions for obtaining a tea-based kiln modulation pattern, and the first and fourth plates are all common. With the No. 1 paint composition in which the second edition contains 25 (wt%) copper sulfide and the third edition contains 30 (wt%) iron oxide and 10 (wt%) chromium oxide, a good tea-based kiln A strange pattern was obtained. On the other hand, in the composition of No. 2 in which the second version of copper sulfide was 5 (wt%), the unevenness was not sufficiently formed, and the kiln modulation pattern was not obtained. It is thought that foaming was insufficient because copper sulfide was too small. In addition, the No. 3 composition with 45 wt% copper sulfide in the second version resulted in significant foaming and exfoliation. It is considered that foaming was excessive because copper sulfide was excessive. According to this result, it is considered that the copper sulfide is preferably in the range of about 10 to 40 (wt%).

図6は、上述した2版に硫化銅が適量添加されたNo.1等の絵具組成で窯変調模様が形成される作用を前記図4に示す皿24を用いて説明する図である。上述したように下側絵具層14に適量の硫化銅を含む絵具が用いられると、下地層26内で適度な発泡が生じ、その下地層26内に閉じ込められた気泡30が上層28を突き上げて突起32が生じる。この結果、鉄結晶風の外観を有する窯変調模様が得られる。   FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the action of forming a kiln modulation pattern with a paint composition such as No. 1 in which an appropriate amount of copper sulfide is added to the above-described two plates, using the plate 24 shown in FIG. As described above, when a paint containing an appropriate amount of copper sulfide is used for the lower paint layer 14, appropriate foaming occurs in the base layer 26, and the bubbles 30 trapped in the base layer 26 push up the upper layer 28. A protrusion 32 is generated. As a result, a kiln modulation pattern having an iron crystal-like appearance is obtained.

これに対して、図7は、2版の絵具に硫化銅が過剰に添加されたNo.3の絵具組成で良好な窯変調模様が得られなくなる作用を説明する図である。硫化銅が過剰になると、発泡が著しくなり、気泡が上層28を破ることになる。そのため、図7に示すように穴34が生じるので、鉄結晶風の外観が得られない。なお、図7においては下地層24および上層26共に剥離にまでは至っていないが、上述したように甚だしい場合はこれらの剥離が生じる。   On the other hand, FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an operation in which a good kiln modulation pattern cannot be obtained with the No. 3 paint composition in which copper sulfide is excessively added to the two-plate paint. When the copper sulfide becomes excessive, foaming becomes remarkable and bubbles break the upper layer 28. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, since the hole 34 is produced, the appearance of an iron crystal style cannot be obtained. In FIG. 7, both the underlayer 24 and the upper layer 26 have not been peeled off. However, as described above, these peelings occur.

また、3版の酸化鉄量が10(wt%)のNo.4では、凹凸が十分に形成されず窯変調模様が得られなかった。酸化鉄が過少であることからフラックスが熔けすぎたため、2版で生じた気泡が3版を抜け出てしまい、その後、熔けたフラックスが表面を覆ったものと考えられる。また、3版の酸化鉄量が40(wt%)のNo.5では、3版により得られるマット調の質感が強く現れ、良好な窯変調模様が得られなかった。酸化鉄が過剰であることからフラックスの熔融が不十分になったため、2版からの気泡が3版の絵具粒子の隙間から抜け、2版の発泡による3版の質感変化が得られなかったものと考えられる。この結果によれば、酸化鉄は15〜35(wt%)程度の範囲が好ましいものと考えられる。   In No. 4 where the iron oxide content of the third plate was 10 (wt%), the unevenness was not sufficiently formed, and the kiln modulation pattern was not obtained. Since the flux was too melted because iron oxide was too small, it was considered that bubbles generated in the 2nd plate escaped from the 3rd plate, and then the melted flux covered the surface. In No. 5 where the amount of iron oxide in the 3rd plate was 40 (wt%), the mat-like texture obtained by the 3rd plate appeared strongly, and a good kiln modulation pattern could not be obtained. Since the flux was insufficiently melted due to the excess of iron oxide, the bubbles from the 2nd plate were removed from the gaps between the 3rd version of the paint particles, and the texture change of the 3rd plate was not obtained due to the 2nd plate foaming. it is conceivable that. According to this result, it is considered that the iron oxide is preferably in the range of about 15 to 35 (wt%).

また、3版の酸化クロム量が3(wt%)のNo.6では、凹凸が十分に形成されず窯変調模様が得られなかった。酸化クロムが過少であることからフラックスが熔けすぎたため、2版で生じた気泡が3版を抜け出てしまい、その後、熔けたフラックスが表面を覆ったものと考えられる。また、3版の酸化クロム量が30(wt%)のNo.7では、3版により得られるマット調の質感が強く現れ、良好な窯変調模様が得られなかった。酸化クロムが過剰であることからフラックスの熔融が不十分になったため、2版からの気泡が3版の絵具粒子の隙間から抜け、2版の発泡による3版の質感変化が得られなかったものと考えられる。この結果によれば、酸化クロムは5〜25(wt%)程度の範囲が好ましいものと考えられる。   Further, in No. 6 in which the amount of chromium oxide in the third plate was 3 (wt%), the unevenness was not sufficiently formed, and the kiln modulation pattern was not obtained. Since the flux was too melted because chromium oxide was too small, bubbles generated in the 2nd plate escaped from the 3rd plate, and then it is considered that the melted flux covered the surface. In No. 7 in which the amount of chromium oxide in the third plate was 30 (wt%), the mat-like texture obtained by the third plate appeared strongly, and a good kiln modulation pattern could not be obtained. The flux was insufficiently melted because of the excess of chromium oxide, so the bubbles from the 2nd plate were removed from the gaps between the 3rd version of the paint particles, and the texture of the 3rd plate was not changed due to the foaming of the 2nd plate. it is conceivable that. According to this result, it is considered that chromium oxide is preferably in the range of about 5 to 25 (wt%).

なお、前記表2において、各成分が過少或いは過剰と判断された組成においても、これらの評価は他の成分が上記の通りの場合における判断である。すなわち、例えばCuSが5(wt%)のNo.2の組成においても、フラックスの成分を変更し、或いは1版や3版の組成を変更することでCuSの反応を促進すれば、十分な発泡を得て窯変調模様を得ることができる。他の比較例の組成においても同様である。   In Table 2, even in a composition in which each component is judged to be insufficient or excessive, these evaluations are judgments when other components are as described above. That is, for example, even in the composition of No. 2 with 5% by weight of CuS, if the flux component is changed or the CuS reaction is promoted by changing the composition of the 1st plate or 3rd plate, sufficient foaming is achieved. The kiln modulation pattern can be obtained. The same applies to the compositions of other comparative examples.

また、表2のNo.8は、1版に酸化マンガンに代えて酸化コバルトおよび珪酸ジルコニウムを添加すると共に、3版の酸化鉄のうち10(wt%)を酸化コバルトに置き換えたものであるが、黒色系でNo.1と同様な窯変調模様を得ることができた。この結果によれば、絵具組成を若干変更して他の金属酸化物を添加することで様々な色調の窯変調模様が得られることが推察される。   No. 8 in Table 2 is obtained by adding cobalt oxide and zirconium silicate to the first plate instead of manganese oxide, and replacing 10% (wt%) of the three plates of iron oxide with cobalt oxide. A black kiln modulation pattern similar to No. 1 could be obtained. According to this result, it is inferred that kiln modulation patterns of various colors can be obtained by slightly changing the paint composition and adding other metal oxides.

以上、本発明を図面を参照して詳細に説明したが、本発明は更に別の態様でも実施でき、その主旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更を加え得るものである。   As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated in detail with reference to drawings, this invention can be implemented also in another aspect, A various change can be added in the range which does not deviate from the main point.

10:窯変調転写紙、12:台紙、14:下側絵具層、16:上側絵具層、18:トップコート、20:皿素地、22:窯変調模様、24:皿、26:下地層、28:上層 10: Kiln modulation transfer paper, 12: Mount, 14: Lower paint layer, 16: Upper paint layer, 18: Top coat, 20: Plate base, 22: Kiln modulation pattern, 24: Plate, 26: Underlayer, 28 : Upper layer

Claims (4)

白磁表面に鉄結晶窯変調模様を形成するための転写紙であって、
フラックスと硫化銅とを含む絵具により形成された下側絵具層と、
フラックスと酸化鉄と酸化クロムとを含む絵具により前記下側絵具層の上に重ねて形成された上側絵具層とを、含み、
前記下側絵具層は、硫化銅を10〜40(wt%)の範囲で含む
ことを特徴とする白磁用鉄結晶窯変調転写紙。
A transfer paper for forming an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern on the white porcelain surface,
A lower paint layer formed by paint containing flux and copper sulfide;
An upper paint layer formed on the lower paint layer by a paint containing flux, iron oxide and chromium oxide ,
2. The iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper for white porcelain, wherein the lower paint layer contains copper sulfide in a range of 10 to 40 (wt%) .
前記上側絵具層は、酸化鉄を15〜35(wt%)、酸化クロムを5〜25(wt%)の範囲で含むものである請求項1の白磁用鉄結晶窯変調転写紙。   2. The iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper for white porcelain according to claim 1, wherein the upper paint layer contains iron oxide in a range of 15 to 35 (wt%) and chromium oxide in a range of 5 to 25 (wt%). 請求項1または2の白磁用鉄結晶窯変調転写紙を用いて鉄結晶窯変調模様を有する陶磁器を製造する方法であって、A method for producing a ceramic having an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern using the iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper for white porcelain according to claim 1 or 2,
前記白磁用鉄結晶窯変調転写紙からその台紙を剥がし、該台紙上の前記The mount is peeled off from the iron crystal kiln modulation transfer paper for white porcelain, and the mount on the mount
下側絵具層およびその上に重ねられた上側絵具層を前記白磁表面に転写する転写工程と、A transfer step of transferring the lower paint layer and the upper paint layer superimposed thereon onto the white porcelain surface;
該転写工程により前記下側絵具層およびその上に重ねられた上側絵具層が転写  The lower paint layer and the upper paint layer overlaid thereon are transferred by the transfer process.
された白磁を950〜1300(℃)の温度で焼成する焼成工程とFiring process of firing the white porcelain at a temperature of 950-1300 (° C);
を、含むことを特徴とする白磁表面に鉄結晶窯変調模様を有する陶磁器の製造方法。  A method for producing ceramics having an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern on a white porcelain surface.
請求項3の製造方法により製造された白磁表面に結晶窯変調模様が施された陶磁器であって、
硫化銅を含む組成の絵具の熔融により生じた多数の微細な気泡を有し且つ表面にその気泡に起因する凹凸を有する下層と、
酸化鉄および酸化クロムを含む組成の絵具により前記下層の上に重ねて形成され且つ結晶風模様を有する上層と
を、含むことを特徴とする鉄結晶窯変模様を有する陶磁器。
A ceramic having an iron crystal kiln modulation pattern on a white porcelain surface produced by the production method of claim 3 ,
A lower layer having a large number of fine bubbles generated by melting a paint having a composition containing copper sulfide and having irregularities due to the bubbles on the surface;
A ceramic having an iron crystal kiln modified pattern, characterized by comprising an upper layer formed on the lower layer by a paint having a composition containing iron oxide and chromium oxide and having a crystal-like pattern.
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