JP5346402B1 - Fuel cell and fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Fuel cell and fuel cell stack Download PDF

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JP5346402B1
JP5346402B1 JP2012166610A JP2012166610A JP5346402B1 JP 5346402 B1 JP5346402 B1 JP 5346402B1 JP 2012166610 A JP2012166610 A JP 2012166610A JP 2012166610 A JP2012166610 A JP 2012166610A JP 5346402 B1 JP5346402 B1 JP 5346402B1
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current collecting
interconnector
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collecting member
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信行 堀田
大祐 小松
直人 松井
しのぶ 岡崎
秀樹 上松
浩也 石川
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

【課題】長期の使用においても良好な電気的接続性が維持可能な燃料電池セル及び燃料電池スタックの提供。
【解決手段】一対のインターコネクタ(以下、ＩＣ)12,13の間に位置し、電解質2の両面に電極14,15が形成されたセル本体20と、電極15とＩＣ13との間に配置され双方を電気的に接続する集電部材190とを備えた燃料電池セル3であって、集電部材190は、ＩＣ13に当接するコネクタ当接部190aと、セル本体20の電極15に当接するセル本体当接部190bと、コネクタ当接部190aとセル本体当接部190bをつなぐ連接部190cとが一連に形成され、コネクタ当接部190aとセル本体当接部190bの間に配置されるスペーサー580を有し、集電部材190とスペーサー580はセル本体20とＩＣ13の前記間隔が拡大する方向に弾性を有すると共にスペーサー580の弾性量は集電部材19の弾性量より大きい。
【選択図】図５Provided are a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack capable of maintaining good electrical connectivity even during long-term use.
A cell body 20 having electrodes 14 and 15 formed on both surfaces of an electrolyte 2 is disposed between a pair of interconnectors (hereinafter referred to as ICs) 12 and 13, and is disposed between the electrode 15 and the IC 13. A fuel battery cell 3 including a current collecting member 190 that electrically connects both of them, and the current collecting member 190 is a cell that contacts a connector abutting portion 190a that abuts on the IC 13 and an electrode 15 of the cell body 20. A main body abutting portion 190b and a connecting portion 190c that connects the connector abutting portion 190a and the cell main body abutting portion 190b are formed in series, and the spacer is disposed between the connector abutting portion 190a and the cell main body abutting portion 190b. The current collecting member 190 and the spacer 580 are elastic in the direction in which the distance between the cell body 20 and the IC 13 is increased, and the elastic amount of the spacer 580 is larger than the elastic amount of the current collecting member 19.
[Selection] Figure 5

Description

本発明は、電解質層の両面に二つの電極を設け、一方の電極（以下燃料極という。）に燃料ガスを供給すると共にもう一方の電極（以下空気極という。）に酸化剤ガスを供給して発電する燃料電池セルと、その燃料電池セルを複数個積層して固定した燃料電池スタックに関する。   In the present invention, two electrodes are provided on both surfaces of an electrolyte layer, and fuel gas is supplied to one electrode (hereinafter referred to as a fuel electrode) and an oxidant gas is supplied to the other electrode (hereinafter referred to as an air electrode). The present invention relates to a fuel cell that generates power and a fuel cell stack in which a plurality of the fuel cells are stacked and fixed.

従来、例えば特許文献１に記載されているように、一対のインターコネクタと、該インターコネクタ間に位置し電解質の一方の面に空気極が形成され他方の面に燃料極が形成されたセル本体と、空気極とインターコネクタ又は燃料極とインターコネクタとの間に配置されて空気極とインターコネクタ又は燃料極とインターコネクタとを電気的に接続する集電部材と、を備えた燃料電池セルがある。   Conventionally, as described in, for example, Patent Document 1, a cell body having a pair of interconnectors and an air electrode formed on one surface of an electrolyte and a fuel electrode formed on the other surface between the interconnectors And a current collecting member that is disposed between the air electrode and the interconnector or between the fuel electrode and the interconnector and electrically connects the air electrode and the interconnector or the fuel electrode and the interconnector. is there.

この燃料電池セルの集電部材は、平板状の集電プレートから爪状の導電性を有する弾性部材を切り起こした構造になっており、集電プレートの平坦面をインターコネクタに接合すると共に導電性を有する弾性部材の先端をセル本体に接触させて電気的接続を行わせるものである。   The current collecting member of this fuel cell has a structure in which an elastic member having a claw-like conductivity is cut and raised from a flat plate-like current collecting plate. The flat surface of the current collecting plate is joined to the interconnector and is electrically conductive. The tip of the elastic member having the property is brought into contact with the cell main body to make electrical connection.

特開２００９−２６６５３３号公報JP 2009-266533 A

従来技術のように、導電性を有する弾性部材の弾性でセル本体に接触させる集電部材は、長期の使用で塑性変形し、発電時の高熱で導電性を有する弾性部材の強度が低下し、さらには導電性を有する弾性部材がクリープ変形の影響を受ける、などして予定した電気的接続を得るための接触力が得られなくなる場合がある。そして、そうした場合には、導電性を有する弾性部材が温度サイクルや燃料圧・空気圧の変動などによるセル本体の変形に追従できなくなって接触が不確実になり、空気極とインターコネクタ又は燃料極とインターコネクタの電気的接続が不確実になるおそれがあった。   As in the prior art, the current collecting member brought into contact with the cell body by the elasticity of the elastic member having conductivity is plastically deformed over a long period of use, and the strength of the elastic member having conductivity due to high heat during power generation is reduced. Furthermore, the contact force for obtaining the planned electrical connection may not be obtained because the elastic member having conductivity is affected by creep deformation. In such a case, the conductive elastic member cannot follow the deformation of the cell body due to temperature cycle, fuel pressure / air pressure fluctuation, etc., and contact becomes uncertain, and the air electrode and the interconnector or fuel electrode The electrical connection of the interconnector may be uncertain.

また、上記した弾性部材の電気的接続を得るための接触力の低下要因が複合的に重なったとき、該弾性部材のセル本体に接触すべき部分が逆にインターコネクタ側に接触する場合がある。一方、集電部材は、平坦面をインターコネクタに接合することからインターコネクタとの接合性に優れた材料で形成されている場合が多い。このため、発電時の高温環境下で弾性部材が前記のようにしてインターコネクタ側に接触すると焼結により接合してしまう場合がある。そうなるとその弾性部材はインターコネクタと一体になるからセル本体との接触が困難になり、空気極とインターコネクタ又は燃料極とインターコネクタの電気的接続が不確実になるおそれがあった。   In addition, when the above-described factors for decreasing the contact force for obtaining the electrical connection of the elastic member are combined, the portion of the elastic member that should contact the cell body may contact the interconnector side in reverse. . On the other hand, the current collecting member is often formed of a material excellent in bondability with the interconnector because the flat surface is bonded to the interconnector. For this reason, when an elastic member contacts the interconnector side in the high temperature environment at the time of electric power generation, it may join by sintering. Then, since the elastic member is integrated with the interconnector, it is difficult to make contact with the cell body, and there is a fear that the electrical connection between the air electrode and the interconnector or the fuel electrode and the interconnector becomes uncertain.

本発明は上記に鑑みなされたもので、その目的は、長期の使用においても良好な電気的接続性が維持可能な燃料電池セル及び燃料電池スタックを提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack capable of maintaining good electrical connectivity even during long-term use.

上記の目的を達成するため本発明は、請求項１に記載したように、一対のインターコネクタと、
該インターコネクタのそれぞれと間隔を離してその間に位置し、板状の電解質の上下面にそれぞれ電極が形成されたセル本体と、
前記電極の少なくとも一方と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置され、該電極と前記インターコネクタとを電気的に接続する集電部材と、を備えた燃料電池セルであって、
前記集電部材は、前記インターコネクタに当接するコネクタ当接部と、前記セル本体の前記電極に当接するセル本体当接部と、前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部をつなぐ連接部とが一連に形成され、
前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部との間に配置されるスペーサーを有し、
前記集電部材と前記スペーサーは前記セル本体と前記インターコネクタの前記間隔が拡大する方向に弾性を有すると共に、前記スペーサーの弾性量は前記集電部材の弾性量より大きい燃料電池セルを提供する。 To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pair of interconnectors as set forth in claim 1,
A cell body having electrodes formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like electrolyte, spaced apart from each of the interconnectors,
A fuel cell comprising: a current collecting member disposed between at least one of the electrodes and the interconnector, and electrically connecting the electrode and the interconnector,
The current collecting member includes a connector abutting portion that abuts on the interconnector, a cell body abutting portion that abuts on the electrode of the cell body, and a connecting portion that connects the connector abutting portion and the cell body abutting portion. And are formed in a series,
Having a spacer disposed between the connector contact portion and the cell body contact portion;
The current collecting member and the spacer have elasticity in a direction in which the distance between the cell main body and the interconnector increases, and the elastic amount of the spacer provides a fuel cell that is larger than the elastic amount of the current collecting member.

ここで「弾性」とは、外力を加えると変形し、その外力を取り除くと元に戻ろうとする物体の性質であり、本発明においてスペーサーと集電部材の弾性量の大小は、使用時の形状の試料に同じ条件で厚さ方向に荷重を加えたのち、その荷重を取り除いた場合に、厚さ方向の変位量が大きいほど弾性量が大きく、逆に厚さ方向の変位量が小さいほど弾性量が小さいことを意味する。   Here, “elasticity” is a property of an object that deforms when an external force is applied, and returns to its original state when the external force is removed. When a load in the thickness direction is applied to the sample under the same conditions, and the load is removed, the elastic amount increases as the displacement amount in the thickness direction increases, and conversely, the elasticity decreases as the displacement amount in the thickness direction decreases. Means small amount.

また、請求項２に記載したように、前記連接部が略１８０度に折り曲げられ、前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部が前記スペーサーの両側に配置されている請求項１に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。   Further, as described in claim 2, the connecting portion is bent at about 180 degrees, and the connector contact portion and the cell body contact portion are disposed on both sides of the spacer. A fuel cell is provided.

また、請求項３に記載したように、一対のインターコネクタと、
該インターコネクタのそれぞれと間隔を離してその間に位置し、板状の電解質の上下面にそれぞれ電極が形成されたセル本体と、
前記電極の少なくとも一方と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置され、該電極と前記インターコネクタとを電気的に接続する集電部材と、を備えた燃料電池セルであって、
前記集電部材は、前記インターコネクタに当接するコネクタ当接部と、前記セル本体の前記電極に当接するセル本体当接部と、前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部をつなぐ連接部とが一連に形成され、
前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体との間、及び、前記セル本体当接部と前記インターコネクタとの間のそれぞれに配置されるスペーサーを有し、
前記集電部材と前記スペーサーは前記セル本体と前記インターコネクタの前記間隔が拡大する方向に弾性を有すると共に、前記スペーサーの弾性量は前記集電部材の弾性量より大きい燃料電池セルを提供する。 Further, as described in claim 3, a pair of interconnectors;
A cell body having electrodes formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like electrolyte, spaced apart from each of the interconnectors,
A fuel cell comprising: a current collecting member disposed between at least one of the electrodes and the interconnector, and electrically connecting the electrode and the interconnector,
The current collecting member includes a connector abutting portion that abuts on the interconnector, a cell body abutting portion that abuts on the electrode of the cell body, and a connecting portion that connects the connector abutting portion and the cell body abutting portion. And are formed in a series,
A spacer disposed between the connector contact portion and the cell body, and between the cell body contact portion and the interconnector;
The current collecting member and the spacer have elasticity in a direction in which the distance between the cell main body and the interconnector increases, and the elastic amount of the spacer provides a fuel cell that is larger than the elastic amount of the current collecting member.

また、請求項４に記載したように、一対のインターコネクタと、
該インターコネクタのそれぞれと間隔を離してその間に位置し、板状の電解質の上下面にそれぞれ電極が形成されたセル本体と、
前記電極の少なくとも一方と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置され、該電極と前記インターコネクタとを電気的に接続する集電部材と、を備えた燃料電池セルであって、
前記集電部材は、前記インターコネクタに当接するコネクタ当接部と、前記セル本体の前記電極に当接するセル本体当接部と、前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部をつなぐ連接部とが一連に形成され、
前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体との間、又は、前記セル本体当接部と前記インターコネクタとの間、のどちらか一方に配置されるスペーサーを有し、
前記集電部材と前記スペーサーは前記セル本体と前記インターコネクタの前記間隔が拡大する方向に弾性を有すると共に、前記スペーサーの弾性量は前記集電部材の弾性量より大きい燃料電池セルを提供する。 Moreover, as described in claim 4, a pair of interconnectors;
A cell body having electrodes formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like electrolyte, spaced apart from each of the interconnectors,
A fuel cell comprising: a current collecting member disposed between at least one of the electrodes and the interconnector, and electrically connecting the electrode and the interconnector,
The current collecting member includes a connector abutting portion that abuts on the interconnector, a cell body abutting portion that abuts on the electrode of the cell body, and a connecting portion that connects the connector abutting portion and the cell body abutting portion. And are formed in a series,
Between the connector contact portion and the cell body, or between the cell body contact portion and the interconnector, has a spacer disposed,
The current collecting member and the spacer have elasticity in a direction in which the distance between the cell main body and the interconnector increases, and the elastic amount of the spacer provides a fuel cell that is larger than the elastic amount of the current collecting member.

また、請求項５に記載したように、前記スペーサーは、マイカ、アルミナフェルト、バーミキュライト、カーボン繊維、炭化珪素繊維、シリカの少なくとも何れか１種とする請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。   In addition, as described in claim 5, the spacer is at least one of mica, alumina felt, vermiculite, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and silica. A fuel cell is provided.

また、請求項６に記載したように、前記インターコネクタと、前記セル本体と、前記集電部材とを積層して一体に締め付ける締め付け部材をさらに有し、
前記締め付け部材及び前記スペーサーにより、前記集電部材の前記セル本体当接部が前記セル本体に当接し前記コネクタ当接部が前記インターコネクタに当接するように押圧されている請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。 In addition, as described in claim 6, further comprising a fastening member that laminates the interconnector, the cell body, and the current collecting member and fastens them together.
The clamp member and the spacer are pressed so that the cell main body contact portion of the current collecting member contacts the cell main body and the connector contact portion contacts the interconnector. A fuel cell according to any one of the above items is provided.

また、請求項７に記載したように、前記スペーサーは、前記締め付け部材よりも締め付け方向の熱膨張率が高い請求項６に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。   Moreover, as described in claim 7, the spacer provides the fuel cell according to claim 6, which has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion in the tightening direction than the tightening member.

また、請求項８に記載したように、前記集電部材は、多孔質金属又は金網又はワイヤー又はパンチングメタル製である請求項１〜７のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。   Moreover, as described in Claim 8, the said current collection member is a product made from a porous metal, a metal-mesh, a wire, or a punching metal, The fuel cell of any one of Claims 1-7 is provided.

また、請求項９に記載したように、前記集電部材の前記セル本体当接部が、前記セル本体の前記少なくとも一方の電極の表面に接合されている請求項１〜８のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。   Moreover, as described in claim 9, the cell main body contact portion of the current collecting member is bonded to a surface of the at least one electrode of the cell main body. The fuel cell described in 1. is provided.

また、請求項１０に記載したように、前記集電部材の前記コネクタ当接部が、前記インターコネクタに接合されている請求項１〜９のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。   Further, as described in claim 10, the fuel battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the connector contact portion of the current collecting member is joined to the interconnector. .

また、請求項１１に記載したように、前記集電部材は、自己の面方向と交差する方向について曲げ伸ばし自在であり且つ曲げ伸ばしに対する反発力が殆ど生じないように形成されている請求項１〜１０のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。   Further, as described in claim 11, the current collecting member is formed so as to be freely bendable and stretchable in a direction intersecting with the surface direction of the current collecting member and hardly generate a repulsive force against bending and stretching. The fuel battery cell according to any one of 10 to 10.

また、請求項１２に記載したように、前記集電部材は、燃料極と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置されて、Ｎｉ又はＮｉ合金製である請求項１〜１１のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを提供する。   Moreover, as described in Claim 12, the said current collection member is arrange | positioned between a fuel electrode and the said interconnector, and is a product made from Ni or Ni alloy. A fuel cell is provided.

また、請求項１３に記載したように、請求項１〜１２のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを複数個積層し、前記締め付け部材により固定してなる燃料電池スタックを提供する。   Moreover, as described in claim 13, a fuel cell stack is provided in which a plurality of the fuel cells according to any one of claims 1 to 12 are stacked and fixed by the fastening member.

請求項１〜２に記載の燃料電池セルによれば、スペーサーが集電部材のコネクタ当接部とセル本体当接部の間に入って両者の接触を妨げるため、発電時の高熱（燃料電池の作動温度）でコネクタ当接部とセル本体当接部が焼結により接合するようなおそれがない。したがって、コネクタ当接部とセル本体当接部の一体化（焼結による接合）、惹いてはそれに伴う電気的接触の不安定化が防止できる。   According to the fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, since the spacer enters between the connector abutting portion and the cell main body abutting portion of the current collecting member to prevent the contact between the two, high heat during fuel generation (fuel cell) There is no fear that the connector contact portion and the cell body contact portion are joined by sintering. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the connector contact portion and the cell body contact portion from being integrated (joining by sintering), and eventually the instability of electrical contact associated therewith.

請求項３に記載の燃料電池セルによれば、スペーサーが集電部材のコネクタ当接部とセル本体及びセル本体当接部とインターコネクタの間に入って両者の接触を妨げるため、発電時の高熱でコネクタ当接部とセル本体及びセル本体当接部とインターコネクタが焼結により接合するおそれがない。したがって、コネクタ当接部とセル本体及びセル本体当接部とインターコネクタの一体化（焼結による接合）惹いてはそれに伴う電気的接続の不安定化が防止できる。   According to the fuel cell of the third aspect, since the spacer enters between the connector abutting portion of the current collecting member and the cell main body and the cell main body abutting portion and the interconnector to prevent the contact between them, There is no fear that the connector contact portion and the cell body and the cell body contact portion and the interconnector are joined by sintering due to high heat. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the connector contact portion and the cell main body and the cell main body contact portion and the interconnector from being integrated (joining by sintering), and thereby causing unstable electrical connection.

請求項４の記載の燃料電池によれば、スペーサーが集電部材のコネクタ当接部とセル本体又はセル本体当接部とインターコネクタの間に入って両者の接触を妨げるため、発電時の高熱でコネクタ当接部とセル本体又はセル本体当接部とインターコネクタが焼結により接合するおそれがなく、したがってコネクタ当接部とセル本体又はセル本体当接部とインターコネクタの一体化（焼結による接合）惹いてはそれに伴う電気的接続の不安定化が防止できる。   According to the fuel cell of claim 4, since the spacer enters between the connector abutting portion of the current collecting member and the cell main body or the cell main body abutting portion and the interconnector to prevent the contact therebetween, Therefore, there is no fear that the connector abutting portion and the cell body or the cell body abutting portion and the interconnector are joined by sintering. Therefore, the connector abutting portion, the cell body or the cell body abutting portion and the interconnector are integrated (sintered). This can prevent electrical connection from becoming unstable.

さらに、請求項１〜４に記載の燃料電池セルによれば、
（ｉ）熱サイクルなどでセル本体等が変形し、インターコネクタと電極との間の間隔が拡大した場合、つまり集電部材が設置された空間が拡大された場合、スペーサーの弾性量が大きいため、インターコネクタと電極との間の電気的接続が安定する。さらに、一旦集電部材が設置された空間が縮小された後に該空間が拡大された場合にも、スペーサーの弾性量が集電部材よりも大きいため、インターコネクタと電極との間の電気的接続を安定させることが出来る。
（ii）スペーサーは、圧縮方向には柔軟なので、スペーサーからの反発力が過度に作用してセル本体の割れを誘発するおそれがない。すなわち、スペーサーがクッション性を発揮し、組み立て時の締め付け力によって発生する（セル本体に対する）応力集中が抑制され、セル割れが軽減できる
という効果を奏する。 Furthermore, according to the fuel battery cell according to claims 1 to 4.
(I) When the cell body etc. is deformed by a thermal cycle and the interval between the interconnector and the electrode is expanded, that is, when the space where the current collecting member is installed is expanded, the elastic amount of the spacer is large. The electrical connection between the interconnector and the electrode is stabilized. Further, even when the space where the current collecting member is once reduced and then the space is enlarged, the elastic amount of the spacer is larger than that of the current collecting member, so that the electrical connection between the interconnector and the electrode Can be stabilized.
(Ii) Since the spacer is flexible in the compression direction, there is no possibility that the repulsive force from the spacer acts excessively to induce cracking of the cell body. That is, the spacer exhibits cushioning properties, and stress concentration (with respect to the cell main body) generated by the tightening force during assembly is suppressed, and cell cracking can be reduced.

以上のようなスペーサーは、少なくとも請求項５に記載された材質を用いることにより形成することができる。   The spacer as described above can be formed by using at least the material described in claim 5.

また、請求項６に記載の燃料電池セルによれば、インターコネクタと、セル本体と、集電部材とを積層して締め付け部材で締め付けることで、スペーサーの弾性により集電部材のセル本体当接部がセル本体により確実に当接し、或はコネクタ当接部がインターコネクタにより確実に当接するため、集電部材の電気的接点が安定する。   In addition, according to the fuel cell of the sixth aspect, the interconnector, the cell main body, and the current collecting member are stacked and tightened with the fastening member, so that the current collecting member contacts the cell main body due to the elasticity of the spacer. Since the portion abuts reliably with the cell body or the connector abutment portion abuts reliably with the interconnector, the electrical contact of the current collecting member is stabilized.

また、請求項７に記載の燃料電池セルによれば、締め付け部材よりもスペーサーの締付方向の熱膨張率が高いため、発電時の熱で締め付け部材が熱膨張し、それがインターコネクタとセル本体と集電部材を締め付ける締付力の低下要因になっても、スペーサーがそれ以上に熱膨張するから集電部材に対する押圧作用が維持される。   Further, according to the fuel cell of claim 7, since the coefficient of thermal expansion in the tightening direction of the spacer is higher than that of the tightening member, the tightening member is thermally expanded by the heat generated during power generation. Even if the tightening force for tightening the main body and the current collecting member is reduced, the spacer is thermally expanded further, so that the pressing action on the current collecting member is maintained.

また、請求項８に記載したように、集電部材を多孔質金属又は金網又はワイヤー又はパンチングメタルで形成すれば、単純な板材で形成する場合に比べて燃料ガスや酸化剤ガスの拡散性が向上する。   In addition, as described in claim 8, if the current collecting member is formed of a porous metal, a metal mesh, a wire, or a punching metal, the diffusibility of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is improved as compared with the case of forming a simple plate material. improves.

また、請求項９に記載したように、セル本体当接部を、セル本体の少なくとも一方の電極の表面に接合した場合には、温度サイクルや燃料圧・空気圧の変動などによるセル本体の変形に対してセル本体当接部が一体になって追従するため、安定した電気的接続が得られる。   In addition, as described in claim 9, when the cell main body contact portion is joined to the surface of at least one electrode of the cell main body, deformation of the cell main body due to temperature cycle, fuel pressure / air pressure fluctuation, etc. On the other hand, since the cell main body contact portion is integrated and follows, a stable electrical connection can be obtained.

また、請求項１０に記載したように、集電部材のコネクタ当接部をインターコネクタに接合しておけば、温度サイクルや燃料圧・空気圧の変動などによりセル本体に変形が生じても、コネクタ当接部とインターコネクタの電気的接続は、安定的に継続し得る。   In addition, as described in claim 10, if the connector contact portion of the current collecting member is joined to the interconnector, the connector can be used even if the cell body is deformed due to temperature cycle, fuel pressure / air pressure fluctuation, etc. The electrical connection between the contact portion and the interconnector can be continued stably.

また、請求項１１に記載したように、集電部材を自己の面方向と交差する方向について曲げ伸ばし自在であり且つ曲げ伸ばしに対する反発力が殆ど生じないように形成すれば、温度サイクルや燃料圧・空気圧の変動などによるセル本体の変形に対してはスペーサーが対応し、電気的接続については集電部材が対応する、というように役割分担が明確になるため、それぞれの役割に応じて最適な材質や形状が選択できる。   In addition, as described in claim 11, if the current collecting member is bent and stretched in a direction intersecting with the surface direction of the current collecting member and hardly causes a repulsive force against bending and stretching, the temperature cycle and the fuel pressure are increased.・ As the division of roles becomes clear such that the spacer responds to deformation of the cell body due to fluctuations in air pressure, etc., and the current collecting member corresponds to electrical connection, it is optimal for each role Material and shape can be selected.

また、請求項１２に記載したように、集電部材を燃料ガスに対応する電極と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置してＮｉ又はＮｉ合金で形成すれば、燃料電池セルを組み立てた後に加熱するだけで集電部材のセル本体当接部やコネクタ当接部を当該電極やインターコネクタに接合することができる。
すなわち、Ｎｉ又はＮｉ合金は、材質上、燃料ガスに対応する電極やインターコネクタとの接合性に優れており、しかも集電部材のセル本体当接部やコネクタ当接部は、主としてスペーサーの弾性によってセル本体やインターコネクタに確実に接触しているから、組み立て完了後に加熱すればセル本体当接部がセル本体の前記電極中のＮｉと拡散接合し、或はコネクタ当接部がインターコネクタに拡散接合して一体になる。このようにセル本体当接部やコネクタ当接部がそれぞれセル本体やインターコネクタに接合して一体になると、セル本体とインターコネクタの電気的接続が安定する。
なお、燃料電池の発電時の温度は７００℃前後〜１０００℃に達するため、発電時の熱でセル本体当接部やコネクタ当接部を前記電極側のセル本体やインターコネクタに接合することができる。したがって、加熱のための工程を省略してエネルギーを節約することができる。 Further, as described in claim 12, if the current collecting member is disposed between the electrode corresponding to the fuel gas and the interconnector and is formed of Ni or Ni alloy, the fuel cell is heated after being assembled. Only the cell main body contact portion and the connector contact portion of the current collecting member can be joined to the electrode and the interconnector.
In other words, Ni or Ni alloy is superior in bonding property to the electrode corresponding to the fuel gas and the interconnector due to its material, and the cell main body contact portion and connector contact portion of the current collecting member are mainly elastic of the spacer. Since the cell body and the interconnector are reliably in contact with each other, the cell body contact part diffuses and joins with the Ni in the electrode of the cell body when heated after the assembly is completed, or the connector contact part becomes the interconnector. Diffusion bonding and unity. As described above, when the cell main body contact portion and the connector contact portion are joined and integrated with the cell main body and the interconnector, the electrical connection between the cell main body and the interconnector is stabilized.
In addition, since the temperature at the time of power generation of the fuel cell reaches about 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C., it is possible to join the cell main body contact portion and the connector contact portion to the electrode side cell main body and interconnector by heat during power generation. it can. Therefore, energy can be saved by omitting the step for heating.

また、請求項１３に記載した燃料電池スタックは、請求項１〜１２の何れか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを複数個積層して締め付け部材で固定したものであるため、長期の使用においても良好な電気的接続性が維持可能である。   Moreover, since the fuel cell stack described in claim 13 is formed by stacking a plurality of the fuel cells according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and fixing them with a fastening member, even in long-term use. Good electrical connectivity can be maintained.

燃料電池の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a fuel cell. 燃料電池セルの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a fuel cell. 燃料電池セルの分解斜視図である。It is a disassembled perspective view of a fuel cell. 分解パーツを絞った燃料電池セルの分解斜視図である。It is a disassembled perspective view of the fuel battery cell which narrowed down decomposition parts. 燃料電池セルの中間を省略した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which abbreviate | omitted the middle of the fuel cell. 図５を分解して示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which decomposes | disassembles and shows FIG. 図５のＡ−Ａ線断面図である。It is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. 図５のＢ−Ｂ線断面図である。FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 5. 集電部材の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a current collection member. （ａ）はスペーサーの斜視図、（ｂ）は集電部材のスペーサー装着前の斜視図である。(A) is a perspective view of a spacer, (b) is a perspective view before mounting the spacer of a current collection member. 図１０（ｂ）の変形例を示す集電部材の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the current collection member which shows the modification of FIG.10 (b). 集電部材とスペーサーについて、荷重と変位量の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between a load and a displacement amount about a current collection member and a spacer. 他の形態に係る燃料電池セルの中間を省略した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which abbreviate | omitted the middle of the fuel battery cell which concerns on another form. 他の形態に係る燃料電池セルの中間を省略した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which abbreviate | omitted the middle of the fuel battery cell which concerns on another form. 他の形態に係る燃料電池セルの中間を省略した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which abbreviate | omitted the middle of the fuel battery cell which concerns on another form. 他の形態に係る燃料電池セルの中間を省略した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which abbreviate | omitted the middle of the fuel battery cell which concerns on another form.

現在、燃料電池には電解質の材質により大別して、高分子電解質膜を電解質とする固体高分子形燃料電池（ＰＥＦＣ）と、リン酸を電解質とするリン酸形燃料電池（ＰＡＦＣ）と、Ｌｉ−Ｎａ／Ｋ系炭酸塩を電解質とする溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池（ＭＣＦＣ）と、例えばＺｒＯ２系セラミックを電解質とする固体酸化物形燃料電池（ＳＯＦＣ）の４タイプがある。各タイプは、作動温度（イオンが電解質中を移動できる温度）が異なるのであって、現時点において、ＰＥＦＣは常温〜約９０℃、ＰＡＦＣは約１５０℃〜２００℃、ＭＣＦＣは約６５０℃〜７００℃、ＳＯＦＣは約７００℃〜１０００℃である。 Currently, fuel cells are roughly classified according to the material of the electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte membrane is used as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) using phosphoric acid as an electrolyte, and Li- There are four types: a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) using Na / K carbonate as an electrolyte and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using ZrO 2 ceramic as an electrolyte, for example. Each type has a different operating temperature (the temperature at which ions can move through the electrolyte). At present, PEFC is at room temperature to about 90 ° C, PAFC is about 150 ° C to 200 ° C, and MCFC is about 650 ° C to 700 ° C. , SOFC is about 700 ° C to 1000 ° C.

[実施形態１]
図１〜図１１に示した実施形態１の燃料電池１は、例えばＺｒＯ２系セラミックを電解質２とするＳＯＦＣである。この燃料電池１は、発電の最小単位である燃料電池セル３と、該燃料電池セル３に空気を供給する空気供給流路４と、その空気を外部に排出する空気排気流路５と、同じく燃料電池セル３に燃料ガスを供給する燃料供給流路６と、その燃料ガスを外部に排出する燃料排気流路７と、該燃料電池セル３を複数セット積層してセル群となし該セル群を固定して燃料電池スタック８となす固定部材９と、燃料電池スタック８を納める容器１０と、燃料電池スタック８で発電した電気を出力する出力部材１１と、から概略構成される。 [Embodiment 1]
The fuel cell 1 of Embodiment 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 11 is an SOFC using, for example, a ZrO 2 -based ceramic as an electrolyte 2. The fuel cell 1 includes a fuel cell 3 that is a minimum unit of power generation, an air supply channel 4 that supplies air to the fuel cell 3, and an air exhaust channel 5 that discharges the air to the outside. A fuel supply channel 6 for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell 3, a fuel exhaust channel 7 for discharging the fuel gas to the outside, and a plurality of sets of the fuel cells 3 are stacked to form a cell group. Is fixed to a fuel cell stack 8, a container 10 for storing the fuel cell stack 8, and an output member 11 for outputting electricity generated by the fuel cell stack 8.

［燃料電池セル］
燃料電池セル３は平面視正方形であり、図３に示したように、四角い板形態で導電性を有するフェライト系ステンレス等で形成された上（※ここでの「上」又は「下」は図面の記載を基準とするが、これはあくまでも説明の便宜上のものであって絶対的な上下を意味しない。以下同じ。）のインターコネクタ１２と、同じく四角い板形態で導電性を有するフェライト系ステンレス等で形成された下のインターコネクタ１３と、上下のインターコネクタ１２，１３のほぼ中間に位置すると共に電解質２の上のインターコネクタ１２の内面（下面）に対向する面に電極（以下、「空気極」という。）１４を形成すると共に下のインターコネクタ１３の内面（上面）に対向する面にもう一方の電極（以下、「燃料極」という。）１５を形成したセル本体２０と、上のインターコネクタ１２と空気極１４との間に形成された空気室１６と、下のインターコネクタ１３と燃料極１５との間に形成された燃料室１７と、空気室１６の内部に配置され空気極１４と上のインターコネクタ１２とを電気的に接続する空気極１４側の集電部材１８０と、前記燃料室１７の内部に配置され燃料極１５と下のインターコネクタ１３とを電気的に接続する燃料極１５側の集電部材１９０と、を有し、正方形のコーナー部分に前記固定部材９の後述する締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄを通すコーナー通孔４７，４７…を貫通状態に形成したものである。 [Fuel battery cell]
The fuel cell 3 has a square shape in plan view, and as shown in FIG. 3, it is formed of a ferritic stainless steel having conductivity in the form of a square plate (* "up" or "down" here is a drawing) However, this is merely for convenience of explanation and does not mean absolute top and bottom. The same shall apply hereinafter.), A ferritic stainless steel having conductivity in the form of a square plate, etc. An electrode (hereinafter referred to as an “air electrode”) is formed on the surface of the lower interconnector 13 formed in the above and the upper and lower interconnectors 12, 13 and substantially opposite the inner surface (lower surface) of the interconnector 12 on the electrolyte 2. ) 14 and the other electrode (hereinafter referred to as “fuel electrode”) 15 is formed on the surface facing the inner surface (upper surface) of the lower interconnector 13. A body 20, an air chamber 16 formed between the upper interconnector 12 and the air electrode 14, a fuel chamber 17 formed between the lower interconnector 13 and the fuel electrode 15, and the air chamber 16. A current collecting member 180 on the air electrode 14 side that is disposed inside and electrically connects the air electrode 14 and the upper interconnector 12, a fuel electrode 15 disposed inside the fuel chamber 17, and the lower interconnector 13 A current collecting member 190 on the fuel electrode 15 side that electrically connects to each other, and through-holes through corner through holes 47, 47... Passing through tightening members 46a to 46d (to be described later) of the fixing member 9 through a square corner portion. Is formed.

［電解質］
前記電解質２は、ＺｒＯ２系セラミックの他、ＬａＧａＯ３系セラミック、ＢａＣｅＯ３系セラミック、ＳｒＣｅＯ３系セラミック、ＳｒＺｒＯ３系セラミック、ＣａＺｒＯ３系セラミック等で形成される。 [Electrolytes]
The electrolyte 2 is made of LaGaO 3 ceramic, BaCeO 3 ceramic, SrCeO 3 ceramic, SrZrO 3 ceramic, CaZrO 3 ceramic, etc. in addition to ZrO 2 ceramic.

［燃料極］
前記燃料極１５の材質は、Ｎｉ及びＦｅ等の金属と、Ｓｃ、Ｙ等の希土類元素のうちの少なくとも１種により安定化されたジルコニア等のＺｒＯ２系セラミック、ＣｅＯ２系セラミック等のセラミックのうちの少なくとも１種との混合物が挙げられる。また、燃料極１５の材質は、Ｐｔ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｉｒ、Ｒｕ、Ｒｈ、Ｎｉ及びＦｅ等の金属でもよく、これらの金属は１種のみでもよいし、２種以上の合金にしてもよい。さらに、これらの金属及び／又は合金と、上記セラミックの各々の少なくとも１種との混合物（サーメットを含む。）が挙げられる。また、Ｎｉ及びＦｅ等の金属の酸化物と、上記セラミックの各々の少なくとも１種との混合物等が挙げられる。 [Fuel electrode]
The material of the fuel electrode 15 is made of a metal such as Ni and Fe and a ceramic such as ZrO 2 ceramic such as zirconia stabilized by at least one kind of rare earth elements such as Sc and Y, and CeO 2 ceramic. A mixture with at least one of them is mentioned. The material of the fuel electrode 15 may be a metal such as Pt, Au, Ag, Pb, Ir, Ru, Rh, Ni and Fe. These metals may be only one kind, or two or more kinds of alloys. Also good. Furthermore, a mixture (including cermet) of these metals and / or alloys and at least one of each of the above ceramics may be mentioned. Moreover, the mixture etc. of metal oxides, such as Ni and Fe, and at least 1 type of each of the said ceramic are mentioned.

［空気極］
前記空気極１４の材質は、例えば各種の金属、金属の酸化物、金属の複酸化物等を用いることができる。前記金属としてはＰt、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｉｒ、Ｒｕ及びＲｈ等の金属又は２種以上の金属を含有する合金が挙げられる。さらに、金属の酸化物としては、Ｌａ、Ｓｒ、Ｃｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ及びＦｅ等の酸化物（Ｌａ２Ｏ３、ＳｒＯ、Ｃｅ２Ｏ３、Ｃｏ２Ｏ３、ＭｎＯ２及びＦｅＯ等）が挙げられる。また、複酸化物としては、少なくともＬａ、Ｐｒ、Ｓｍ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｃｏ、Ｆｅ及びＭｎ等を含有する複酸化物（Ｌａ１−ＸＳｒＸＣｏＯ３系複酸化物、Ｌａ１−ＸＳｒＸＦｅＯ３系複酸化物、Ｌａ１−ＸＳｒＸＣｏ１−ｙＦｅＯ３系複酸化物、Ｌａ１−ＸＳｒＸＭｎＯ３系複酸化物、Ｐｒ１−ＸＢａＸＣｏＯ３系複酸化物及びＳｍ１−ＸＳｒＸＣｏＯ３系複酸化物等）が挙げられる。 [Air electrode]
As the material of the air electrode 14, for example, various metals, metal oxides, metal double oxides, and the like can be used. Examples of the metal include metals such as Pt, Au, Ag, Pb, Ir, Ru, and Rh, or alloys containing two or more metals. Further, examples of the metal oxide include oxides such as La, Sr, Ce, Co, Mn and Fe (La 2 O 3 , SrO, Ce 2 O 3 , Co 2 O 3 , MnO 2 and FeO). It is done. As the double oxide, a double oxide containing at least La, Pr, Sm, Sr, Ba, Co, Fe, Mn, etc. (La 1-X Sr X CoO 3 -based double oxide, La 1-X Sr X FeO 3 -based double oxide, La 1-X Sr X Co 1-y FeO 3 -based double oxide, La 1-X Sr X MnO 3 -based double oxide, Pr 1-X Ba X CoO 3 -based double oxide And Sm 1-X Sr X CoO 3 -based double oxide).

［燃料室］
前記燃料室１７は、図３〜図５に示したように、集電部材１９０の周りを囲う状態にして下のインターコネクタ１３の上面に設置された額縁形態の燃料極ガス流路形成用絶縁フレーム（以下、「燃料極絶縁フレーム」ともいう。）２１と、額縁形態であって前記燃料極絶縁フレーム２１の上面に設置される燃料極フレーム２２と、によって四角い部屋状に形成されている。 [Fuel chamber]
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the fuel chamber 17 surrounds the current collecting member 190 and is installed on the upper surface of the lower interconnector 13 to form a fuel electrode gas flow path forming insulator in a frame shape. The frame (hereinafter also referred to as “fuel electrode insulating frame”) 21 and a fuel electrode frame 22 which is in the form of a frame and installed on the upper surface of the fuel electrode insulating frame 21 are formed in a square room shape.

［燃料室側の集電部材］
燃料室１７側の集電部材１９０は、例えば真空中１０００℃で１時間の熱処理をして焼き鈍し（ＨＶ硬度で２００以下）を行ったＮｉで形成されており、下のインターコネクタ１３に当接するコネクタ当接部１９０ａと、セル本体２０の燃料極１５に当接するセル本体当接部１９０ｂと、コネクタ当接部１９０ａとセル本体当接部１９０ｂとをつなぐＵ字状の連接部１９０ｃとが一連に形成されている。実施形態の集電部材１９０は、厚さ３０μｍ程度の箔材で形成されており、したがって連接部１９０ｃは、面と交差する方向について曲げ伸ばし自在であり且つ曲げ伸ばしに対する反発力が殆ど生じない。 [Current collector on the fuel chamber side]
The current collecting member 190 on the fuel chamber 17 side is formed of, for example, Ni that has been annealed (HV hardness is 200 or less) by heat treatment at 1000 ° C. for one hour in a vacuum, and contacts the lower interconnector 13. A series of a connector contact portion 190a, a cell body contact portion 190b that contacts the fuel electrode 15 of the cell body 20, and a U-shaped connecting portion 190c that connects the connector contact portion 190a and the cell body contact portion 190b. Is formed. The current collecting member 190 of the embodiment is formed of a foil material having a thickness of about 30 μm. Therefore, the connecting portion 190c can be bent and stretched in the direction intersecting the surface and hardly generates a repulsive force against bending and stretching.

なお、燃料室１７側の集電部材１９０は、前記のように箔材で形成する場合の他、例えばＮｉ製の多孔質金属又は金網又はワイヤー又はパンチングメタルで形成するようにしてもよい。また、燃料室１７側の集電部材１９０は、Ｎｉの他、Ｎｉ合金やステンレス鋼など酸化に強い金属で形成するようにしてもよい。   The current collecting member 190 on the fuel chamber 17 side may be formed of, for example, a porous metal made of Ni, a metal mesh, a wire, or a punching metal in addition to the case of forming the foil material as described above. Further, the current collecting member 190 on the fuel chamber 17 side may be formed of a metal resistant to oxidation such as Ni alloy or stainless steel in addition to Ni.

この集電部材１９０は、燃料室１７に数十〜百個程度（もちろん燃料室の大きさにより異なる。）設けられており、それらを個々にインターコネクタ１３上に並べて溶接（例えばレーザー溶接や抵抗溶接）するようにしてもよいが、好ましくは図１０（ｂ）に示したように前記箔材を燃料室１７に整合する四角い平板１９０ｐに加工し、この平板１９０ｐにセル本体当接部１９０ｂと連接部１９０ｃに対応する切込線１９０ｄを形成し、そうして図９の拡大部に示したように連接部１９０ｃをＵ字状に曲げてセル本体当接部１９０ｂがコネクタ当接部１９０ａの上方に間隔ｔ（図５拡大部参照）を空けて被さるようにしてある。したがって、セル本体当接部１９０ｂを曲げ起こして残った穴あき状態の平板１９０ｐがコネクタ当接部１９０ａの集合体であり、実施形態では平板１９０ｐのコネクタ当接部１９０ａが下のインターコネクタ１３にレーザー溶接や抵抗溶接により接合されている。   The current collecting member 190 is provided in the fuel chamber 17 with several tens to hundreds (of course, depending on the size of the fuel chamber), and these are individually arranged on the interconnector 13 and welded (for example, laser welding or resistance). However, preferably, the foil material is processed into a square flat plate 190p aligned with the fuel chamber 17 as shown in FIG. 10B, and the cell main body abutting portion 190b is connected to the flat plate 190p. A cut line 190d corresponding to the connecting portion 190c is formed, and the connecting portion 190c is bent into a U shape as shown in the enlarged portion of FIG. An interval t (see the enlarged portion in FIG. 5) is provided above the cover. Therefore, the perforated flat plate 190p left by bending and raising the cell main body contact portion 190b is an assembly of the connector contact portions 190a. In the embodiment, the connector contact portion 190a of the flat plate 190p is attached to the lower interconnector 13. Joined by laser welding or resistance welding.

なお、集電部材１９０の前記切込線１９０ｄは、図１１に示したように、セル本体当接部１９０ｂと連接部１９０ｃを列単位で纏めた形にしてもよい。こうすることによりセル本体当接部１９０ｂと連接部１９０ｃの加工が効率よく行える。   The cut line 190d of the current collecting member 190 may have a shape in which the cell main body abutting portion 190b and the connecting portion 190c are grouped as shown in FIG. By doing so, the cell main body contact portion 190b and the connecting portion 190c can be processed efficiently.

［スペーサー］
前記集電部材１９０には、図５に示したようにスペーサー５８０が併設されている。該スペーサー５８０は、セル本体２０と下のインターコネクタ１３の間の燃料室１７内において、コネクタ当接部１９０ａとセル本体当接部１９０ｂを隔てるように両者の間に配置され、厚さ方向に弾性力を有し、少なくとも燃料電池作動温度域での該スペーサー５８０の厚さ方向の熱膨張によってセル本体当接部１９０ｂとコネクタ当接部１９０ａをそれぞれの当接方向、すなわちセル本体当接部１９０ｂをセル本体２０に向けて、一方、コネクタ当接部１９０ａをインターコネクタ１３に向けて押圧し得るようにするべく、燃料電池作動温度域である７００℃〜１０００℃において、熱膨張によって拡大する前記間隔ｔをさらなる熱膨張によって上回る厚みと材質で形成されている。 [spacer]
The current collecting member 190 is provided with a spacer 580 as shown in FIG. The spacer 580 is disposed in the fuel chamber 17 between the cell body 20 and the lower interconnector 13 so as to separate the connector abutting portion 190a and the cell body abutting portion 190b, and in the thickness direction. The cell body contact portion 190b and the connector contact portion 190a are brought into contact with each other, that is, the cell body contact portion by thermal expansion in the thickness direction of the spacer 580 at least in the fuel cell operating temperature range. In order to be able to press 190b toward the cell main body 20 and the connector abutting portion 190a toward the interconnector 13, it expands by thermal expansion in the fuel cell operating temperature range of 700 ° C to 1000 ° C. It is formed of a thickness and material that exceeds the distance t by further thermal expansion.

なお、スペーサー５８０の厚みは、燃料電池作動温度域での状態でセル本体当接部１９０ｂとコネクタ当接部１９０ａの間隔ｔ（図５参照）を上回るものであればよいが、好ましくは、燃料電池非作動時の常温状態で少なくともセル本体当接部１９０ｂとコネクタ当接部１９０ａの間隔ｔとほぼ同じにするかまたは若干大きく設定するのがよい。そうすることにより発電開始から作動温度域に達するまでの間においても、スペーサー５８０によってコネクタ当接部１９０ａとインターコネクタ１３及びセル本体当接部１９０ｂとセル本体２０の電気的接触を安定的にすることができる。   The spacer 580 may have a thickness that exceeds the distance t (see FIG. 5) between the cell main body contact portion 190b and the connector contact portion 190a in the fuel cell operating temperature range. It is preferable to set the distance between the cell main body contact portion 190b and the connector contact portion 190a to be approximately the same or slightly larger at room temperature when the battery is not operated. By doing so, the electrical contact between the connector contact portion 190a and the interconnector 13 and the cell body contact portion 190b and the cell body 20 is stabilized by the spacer 580 even during the period from the start of power generation to the operating temperature range. be able to.

また、スペーサー５８０は、厚さ方向に対して集電部材１９０より大きな弾性量を有する材質が選定されており、温度サイクルや燃料圧・空気圧の変化による燃料室１７の間隔の変動に対し比較的弾性量の小さい集電部材１９０に比べて厚さが大きく増減する。具体的には燃料室１７の前記間隔の縮小に対して厚さ方向に縮んで緩衝作用を発揮し、そうしてセル本体２０の割れを防止し、逆に、前記間隔の拡大に対して厚さ方向への復元力で電気的接点を安定させる。   In addition, the spacer 580 is made of a material having an elastic amount larger than that of the current collecting member 190 in the thickness direction, and is relatively resistant to fluctuations in the interval between the fuel chambers 17 due to changes in temperature cycle, fuel pressure, and air pressure. The thickness is greatly increased or decreased as compared with the current collecting member 190 having a small elastic amount. Specifically, the fuel chamber 17 contracts in the thickness direction with respect to the reduction in the interval to exert a buffering action, thereby preventing the cell main body 20 from cracking, and conversely, with respect to the increase in the interval, the thickness increases. The electrical contact is stabilized by the restoring force in the vertical direction.

ここで、スペーサー５８０と集電部材１９０の弾性量の具体的な比較方法は、次のような圧縮試験で弾性量を計測することにより行うことができる。
まず、スペーサー５８０と集電部材１９０のそれぞれについて圧縮試験用の試料を準備する。サイズは、実際のスペーサー５８０と集電部材との接触面積に合わせ、６.５ｍｍ×４ｍｍで、厚さは、実際のスペーサー厚さ０．４ｍｍと集電部材厚さ３０μｍとした。ここでスペーサー５８０、集電部材１９０厚さは使用時の形状に合わせることが望ましく、大きさは両者が同じであれば任意のサイズで構わない。
次に、圧縮試験機にて、試料を１０Ｋｇで圧縮し、そのときの厚みの変位量（ｍｍ）を測定し、最大変位量とする。
さらに、１０ｋｇの圧縮を開放し、最大変位量からの復元変位量（図１２のグラフ参照）を測定する。
なお、厚さが３０μｍと薄い集電部材１９０などは、変位量が僅かで、圧縮試験機の精度によっては測定できないことがある。その場合は、厚さが薄い集電部材１９０を何枚か（例えば１０枚）重ねて前記圧縮試験を行い、得られた変位量を重ねた枚数で割って、最大変位量と復元変位量を測定することが出来る。
使用時の形状の試料であれば、復元変位量が大きい方が弾性量が大きいことを意味し、逆に復元変位量が小さい方が弾性量が小さいことを意味する。
本発明のスペーサー５８０と集電部材１９０について上記試験を実施した場合、図１２のグラフに示したように、集電部材１９０に対してスペーサー５８０の方が圧倒的に大きい変位量を示す。 Here, a specific method for comparing the elastic amount of the spacer 580 and the current collecting member 190 can be performed by measuring the elastic amount by the following compression test.
First, a sample for a compression test is prepared for each of the spacer 580 and the current collecting member 190. The size was 6.5 mm × 4 mm in accordance with the contact area between the actual spacer 580 and the current collecting member, and the thickness was 0.4 mm and the current collecting member thickness was 30 μm. Here, the thickness of the spacer 580 and the current collecting member 190 is desirably matched to the shape at the time of use, and the size may be any size as long as both are the same.
Next, the sample is compressed with 10 kg with a compression tester, and the displacement (mm) of the thickness at that time is measured to obtain the maximum displacement.
Further, the compression of 10 kg is released, and the restoration displacement amount (see the graph of FIG. 12) from the maximum displacement amount is measured.
In addition, the current collecting member 190 having a thickness of 30 μm has a small amount of displacement and may not be measured depending on the accuracy of the compression tester. In that case, the compression test is performed by stacking several (for example, 10) thin current collecting members 190, and the obtained displacement is divided by the number of the stacked sheets to obtain the maximum displacement and the restored displacement. It can be measured.
In the case of a sample having a shape at the time of use, a larger restoration displacement means that the elasticity is larger, and conversely, a smaller restoration displacement means that the elasticity is smaller.
When the above test is performed on the spacer 580 and the current collecting member 190 of the present invention, the spacer 580 exhibits an overwhelmingly large displacement with respect to the current collecting member 190 as shown in the graph of FIG.

また、スペーサー５８０は、燃料電池作動温度域で集電部材１９０と焼結しない性質を持った材料で形成されており、したがって、セル本体当接部１９０ｂとコネクタ当接部１９０ａとが直接触れ合って焼結するおそれがないことはもちろん、セル本体当接部１９０ｂとコネクタ当接部１９０ａがスペーサー５８０を介して焼結するおそれもない。   The spacer 580 is formed of a material that does not sinter with the current collecting member 190 in the fuel cell operating temperature range. Therefore, the cell main body contact portion 190b and the connector contact portion 190a are in direct contact with each other. Of course, there is no risk of sintering, and there is no risk of the cell body contact portion 190b and the connector contact portion 190a being sintered via the spacer 580.

以上の条件を満たすスペーサー５８０の材質としては、マイカ、アルミナフェルト、バーミキュライト、カーボン繊維、炭化珪素繊維、シリカの何れか１種か、或は複数種を組み合わせたものでもよい。また、これらを例えばマイカのような薄い板状体の積層構造にしておけば、積層方向への荷重に対し適度な弾性が付与される。なお、これらの材質により形成されるスペーサー５８０は、厚さ方向（積層方向）の熱膨張率が、後述する締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄの軸方向の熱膨張率より高くなるようになっている。   As a material of the spacer 580 satisfying the above conditions, any one of mica, alumina felt, vermiculite, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and silica, or a combination of a plurality of types may be used. Moreover, if these are made into the laminated structure of a thin plate-like body like mica, moderate elasticity with respect to the load to a lamination direction is provided. The spacers 580 formed of these materials have a thermal expansion coefficient in the thickness direction (stacking direction) higher than the thermal expansion coefficient in the axial direction of fastening members 46a to 46d described later.

なお、実施形態の集電部材１９０は、前記のようにコネクタ当接部１９０ａの集合体である平板１９０ｐでつながった一体構造になっており、これに合わせてスペーサー５８０も図１０（ａ）に示したように、平板１９０ｐとほぼ同幅で平板１９０ｐより若干短い（具体的には、１つの（セル本体当接部１９０ｂ＋連接部１９０ｃ）の長さ相当分短い）四角形にした１枚の材料シートから、セル本体当接部１９０ｂと連接部１９０ｃに対応する部分を横１列分ずつ纏めて切り抜いて横格子状に形成されている。
そして、このスペーサー５８０を集電部材１９０の加工前の図１０（ｂ）に示した平板１９０ｐに重ね、その状態で図９拡大部に示したように連接部１９０ｃをＵ字状に曲げるようにすれば、予めスペーサー５８０を組み込んだ集電部材１９０ができる。
ところで図９拡大部では、セル本体当接部１９０ｂが左角部に位置するものから右に向かって段階的に曲げられる状態になっているが、これは専ら加工手順を説明するために描いたものであり、セル本体当接部１９０ｂの曲げ加工は全部を一斉に行ってもよいし、加工上都合の良い部分から順に行ってもよい。 In addition, the current collecting member 190 of the embodiment has an integral structure connected by the flat plate 190p that is an assembly of the connector contact portions 190a as described above, and the spacer 580 is also shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, one piece of rectangular material that is substantially the same width as the flat plate 190p and slightly shorter than the flat plate 190p (specifically, a length corresponding to the length of one (cell main body contact portion 190b + connecting portion 190c)). The portions corresponding to the cell main body abutting portion 190b and the connecting portion 190c are cut out from the sheet by one horizontal row and formed in a horizontal lattice shape.
Then, this spacer 580 is overlaid on the flat plate 190p shown in FIG. 10B before processing the current collecting member 190, and in this state, the connecting portion 190c is bent into a U shape as shown in the enlarged portion of FIG. By doing so, the current collecting member 190 in which the spacer 580 is incorporated in advance is obtained.
By the way, in the enlarged portion of FIG. 9, the cell main body contact portion 190b is bent in a stepwise manner from the one located at the left corner portion, but this is drawn only to explain the processing procedure. Therefore, the bending of the cell main body contact portion 190b may be performed all at once, or may be sequentially performed from a portion convenient for processing.

［空気室］
前記空気室１６は、図３〜図５に示したように、四角い額縁形態であって下面に前記電解質２が取着された導電性を有する薄い金属製のセパレータ２３と、該セパレータ２３と上のインターコネクタ１２との間に設置されて集電部材１８０の周りを囲う額縁形態の空気極ガス流路形成用絶縁フレーム（以下、「空気極絶縁フレーム」ともいう。）２４と、によって四角い部屋状に形成されている。 [Air chamber]
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the air chamber 16 has a rectangular frame shape and has a conductive thin metal separator 23 with the electrolyte 2 attached to the lower surface thereof, and the separator 23 and the upper side. A frame-shaped insulating frame for forming an air electrode gas flow channel (hereinafter also referred to as “air electrode insulating frame”) 24 that is installed between the interconnector 12 and surrounds the current collecting member 180. It is formed in a shape.

［空気室側の集電部材］
空気室１６側の集電部材１８０は、細長い角材形状で、緻密な導電部材である例えばステンレス材で形成され、電解質２の上面の空気極１４と上のインターコネクタ１２の下面（内面）に当接する状態にして複数本を平行に且つ一定の間隔をおいて配設されている。なお、空気室１６側の集電部材１８０は、燃料室１７側の集電部材１９０と同じ構造（後述する実施形態２を含む。）にしてもよい。 [Current collector on the air chamber side]
The current collecting member 180 on the air chamber 16 side has a long and narrow rectangular shape and is formed of a dense conductive member such as stainless steel, and contacts the air electrode 14 on the upper surface of the electrolyte 2 and the lower surface (inner surface) of the upper interconnector 12. Plural pieces are arranged in parallel and at a constant interval in contact with each other. The current collecting member 180 on the air chamber 16 side may have the same structure as that of the current collecting member 190 on the fuel chamber 17 side (including a second embodiment described later).

以上のように燃料電池セル３は、下のインターコネクタ１３と、燃料極絶縁フレーム２１と、燃料極フレーム２２と、セパレータ２３と、空気極絶縁フレーム２４と、上のインターコネクタ１２と、の組合せによって燃料室１７と空気室１６を形成し、その燃料室１７と空気室１６を電解質２で仕切って相互に独立させ、さらに、燃料極絶縁フレーム２１と空気極絶縁フレーム２４で燃料極１５側と空気極１４側を電気的に絶縁している。   As described above, the fuel cell 3 includes a combination of the lower interconnector 13, the fuel electrode insulating frame 21, the fuel electrode frame 22, the separator 23, the air electrode insulating frame 24, and the upper interconnector 12. To form the fuel chamber 17 and the air chamber 16, partition the fuel chamber 17 and the air chamber 16 with the electrolyte 2 to make them independent from each other, and further, connect the fuel electrode insulating frame 21 and the air electrode insulating frame 24 to the fuel electrode 15 side. The air electrode 14 side is electrically insulated.

また、燃料電池セル３は、空気室１６の内部に空気を供給する空気供給流路４を含む空気供給部２５と、空気室１６から空気を外部に排出する空気排気流路５を含む空気排気部２６と、燃料室１７の内部に燃料ガスを供給する燃料供給流路６を含む燃料供給部２７と、燃料室１７から燃料ガスを外部に排出する燃料排気流路７を含む燃料排気部２８と、を備えている。   The fuel cell 3 also includes an air supply unit 25 including an air supply channel 4 that supplies air into the air chamber 16, and an air exhaust including an air exhaust channel 5 that discharges air from the air chamber 16 to the outside. A fuel supply unit 27 including a fuel supply channel 6 for supplying fuel gas to the inside of the fuel chamber 17 and a fuel exhaust unit 28 including a fuel exhaust channel 7 for discharging the fuel gas from the fuel chamber 17 to the outside. And.

［空気供給部］
空気供給部２５は、四角い燃料電池セル３の一辺側中央に上下方向に開設した空気供給通孔２９と、該空気供給通孔２９に連通するように空気極絶縁フレーム２４に開設した長孔状の空気供給連絡室３０と、該空気供給連絡室３０と空気室１６の間を仕切る隔壁３１の上面を複数個等間隔に窪ませて形成した空気供給連絡部３２と、前記空気供給通孔２９に挿通して外部から前記空気供給連絡室３０に空気を供給する前記空気供給流路４と、を備えている。 [Air supply section]
The air supply unit 25 has an air supply through hole 29 opened in the vertical direction at the center of one side of the square fuel cell 3 and a long hole formed in the air electrode insulating frame 24 so as to communicate with the air supply through hole 29. The air supply communication chamber 30, the air supply communication portion 32 formed by recessing a plurality of upper surfaces of the partition wall 31 partitioning the air supply communication chamber 30 and the air chamber 16 at equal intervals, and the air supply through hole 29. And the air supply flow path 4 for supplying air to the air supply communication chamber 30 from the outside.

［空気排気部］
空気排気部２６は、燃料電池セル３の空気供給部２５の反対側の一辺側中央に上下方向に開設した空気排気通孔３３と、該空気排気通孔３３に連通するように空気極絶縁フレーム２４に開設した長孔状の空気排気連絡室３４と、該空気排気連絡室３４と空気室１６の間を仕切る隔壁３５の上面を複数個等間隔に窪ませて形成した空気排気連絡部３６と、前記空気排気通孔３３に挿通して空気排気連絡室３４から外部に空気を排出する管状の前記空気排気流路５と、を備えている。 [Air exhaust part]
The air exhaust unit 26 includes an air exhaust passage 33 opened in the vertical direction at the center of one side opposite to the air supply unit 25 of the fuel cell 3, and an air electrode insulating frame so as to communicate with the air exhaust passage 33. 24, an air exhaust communication chamber 34 having a long hole shape, and an air exhaust communication portion 36 formed by recessing a plurality of upper surfaces of partition walls 35 partitioning the air exhaust communication chamber 34 and the air chamber 16 at equal intervals. And the tubular air exhaust passage 5 which is inserted into the air exhaust hole 33 and exhausts air from the air exhaust communication chamber 34 to the outside.

［燃料供給部］
燃料供給部２７は、四角い燃料電池セル３の残り二辺のうちの一辺側中央に上下方向に開設した燃料供給通孔３７と、該燃料供給通孔３７に連通するように燃料極絶縁フレーム２１に開設した長孔状の燃料供給連絡室３８と、該燃料供給連絡室３８と燃料室１７の間を仕切る隔壁３９の上面を複数個等間隔に窪ませて形成した燃料供給連絡部４０と、前記燃料供給通孔３７に挿通して外部から前記燃料供給連絡室３８に燃料ガスを供給する管状の前記燃料供給流路６と、を備えている。 [Fuel supply section]
The fuel supply unit 27 includes a fuel supply through hole 37 opened in the vertical direction at the center of one side of the remaining two sides of the square fuel cell 3, and the fuel electrode insulating frame 21 so as to communicate with the fuel supply through hole 37. A fuel supply communication chamber 40 formed in the shape of a long hole, and a plurality of upper surfaces of partition walls 39 partitioning between the fuel supply communication chamber 38 and the fuel chamber 17 are formed at equal intervals. And a tubular fuel supply passage 6 which is inserted into the fuel supply passage 37 and supplies fuel gas to the fuel supply communication chamber 38 from the outside.

［燃料排気部］
燃料排気部２８は、燃料電池セル３の燃料供給部２７の反対側の一辺側中央に上下方向に開設した燃料排気通孔４１と、該燃料排気通孔４１に連通するように燃料極絶縁フレーム２１に開設した長孔状の燃料排気連絡室４２と、該燃料排気連絡室４２と燃料室１７の間を仕切る隔壁４３の上面を複数個等間隔に窪ませて形成した燃料排気連絡部４４と、前記燃料排気通孔４１に挿通して燃料排気連絡室４２から外部に燃料ガスを排出する管状の燃料排気流路７と、を備えている。 [Fuel exhaust part]
The fuel exhaust unit 28 includes a fuel exhaust passage 41 opened in the vertical direction at the center of one side opposite to the fuel supply unit 27 of the fuel cell 3, and a fuel electrode insulating frame so as to communicate with the fuel exhaust passage 41. And a fuel exhaust communication portion 44 formed by recessing a plurality of upper surfaces of partition walls 43 partitioning between the fuel exhaust communication chamber 42 and the fuel chamber 17 at equal intervals. A tubular fuel exhaust passage 7 that is inserted into the fuel exhaust passage 41 and discharges fuel gas from the fuel exhaust communication chamber 42 to the outside.

［燃料電池スタック］
燃料電池スタック８は、前記燃料電池セル３を複数セット積層してセル群となし、該セル群を固定部材９で固定して構成される。なお、燃料電池セル３を複数セット積層した場合において、下に位置する燃料電池セル３の上のインターコネクタ１２と、その上に載る燃料電池セル３の下のインターコネクタ１３は、一体にしてその一枚を上下の燃料電池セル３，３同士で共有する。
前記固定部材９は、セル群の上下を挟む一対のエンドプレート４５ａ，４５ｂと、該エンドプレート４５ａ，４５ｂとセル群をエンドプレート４５ａ，４５ｂのコーナー孔（図示せず）とセル群の前記コーナー通孔４７にボルトを通してナットで締め付ける四組の締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄと、を組み合わせたものである。締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄの材質は、例えばインコネル６０１である。 [Fuel cell stack]
The fuel cell stack 8 is configured by stacking a plurality of sets of the fuel cells 3 to form a cell group, and fixing the cell group with a fixing member 9. When a plurality of sets of fuel cells 3 are stacked, the interconnector 12 above the fuel cell 3 positioned below and the interconnector 13 below the fuel cell 3 placed thereon are integrated with each other. One sheet is shared between the upper and lower fuel cells 3 and 3.
The fixing member 9 includes a pair of end plates 45a and 45b sandwiching the upper and lower sides of the cell group, the end plates 45a and 45b and the cell group at a corner hole (not shown) of the end plate 45a and 45b, and the corner of the cell group. Four sets of fastening members 46a to 46d that are tightened with nuts through bolts through the through holes 47 are combined. The material of the fastening members 46a to 46d is, for example, Inconel 601.

この燃料電池スタック８に対し前記空気供給流路４は、エンドプレート４５ａ，４５ｂの通孔（図示せず）とセル群の前記空気供給通孔２９を上下に貫く状態にして取り付けられており、管状流路の端部を閉じ前記空気供給連絡室３０毎に対応させて図７に示したように横孔４８を設けることにより、該横孔４８を介して空気供給連絡室３０に空気が供給されるようになっている。   The air supply flow path 4 is attached to the fuel cell stack 8 so as to penetrate the through holes (not shown) of the end plates 45a and 45b and the air supply through holes 29 of the cell group vertically, Air is supplied to the air supply communication chamber 30 through the horizontal hole 48 by closing the end of the tubular flow path and providing the horizontal hole 48 as shown in FIG. It has come to be.

同様に空気排気流路５は空気排気連絡室３４毎に対応させた横孔４９から空気を取り込んで外部に排出し、燃料供給流路６は図８に示したように燃料供給連絡室３８毎に対応させた横孔５０から燃料ガスを供給し、燃料排気流路７は燃料排気連絡室４２毎に対応させた横孔５１から燃料ガスを取り込んで外部に排出する。   Similarly, the air exhaust passage 5 takes in air from a lateral hole 49 corresponding to each air exhaust communication chamber 34 and discharges it to the outside, and the fuel supply passage 6 is provided for each fuel supply communication chamber 38 as shown in FIG. The fuel gas is supplied from the lateral hole 50 corresponding to the fuel exhaust, and the fuel exhaust passage 7 takes in the fuel gas from the lateral hole 51 corresponding to each fuel exhaust communication chamber 42 and discharges it outside.

［容器］
燃料電池スタック８を収める容器１０は、耐熱且つ密閉構造であって、図１に示したように、開口部にフランジ５２ａ，５２ｂを有する二個の半割体５３ａ，５３ｂを向かい合わせにして接合したものである。この容器１０の頂部から前記締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄのボルトが外部に突出しており、この締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄの突出部分にナット５４を螺合させて燃料電池スタック８を容器１０内に固定する。また、容器１０の頂部から前記空気供給流路４、空気排気流路５、燃料供給流路６、燃料排気流路７も外部に突出しており、その突出部分に空気や燃料ガスの供給源等が接続されている。 [container]
The container 10 for storing the fuel cell stack 8 has a heat-resistant and sealed structure, and as shown in FIG. 1, two halves 53a and 53b having flanges 52a and 52b at the openings are joined to each other. It is a thing. The bolts of the fastening members 46 a to 46 d protrude from the top of the container 10, and a nut 54 is screwed into the protruding part of the fastening members 46 a to 46 d to fix the fuel cell stack 8 in the container 10. Further, the air supply flow path 4, the air exhaust flow path 5, the fuel supply flow path 6 and the fuel exhaust flow path 7 also protrude outside from the top of the container 10, and a supply source of air or fuel gas, etc. Is connected.

［出力部材］
燃料電池スタック８で発電した電気を出力する出力部材１１は、燃料電池スタック８のコーナー部分に位置する前記締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄと前記エンドプレート４５ａ，４５ｂであって、対角線上で向かい合う一対の締め付け部材４６ａ，４６ｃを正極である上のエンドプレート４５ａに電気的に接続し、また、他の一対の締め付け部材４６ｂ，４６ｄを負極である下のエンドプレート４５ｂに電気的に接続する。もちろん正極に接続した締め付け部材４６ａ，４６ｄや負極に接続した締め付け部材４６ｂ，４６ｃは、他極のエンドプレート４５ａ（４５ｂ）に対しては絶縁座金５５（図１参照）を介在させ、また、燃料電池スタック８に対してはコーナー通孔４７との間に隙間を設けるなどして絶縁されている。よって、固定部材９の締め付け部材４６ａ，４６ｃは、上のエンドプレート４５ａにつながった正極の出力端子としても機能し、また、他の締め付け部材４６ｂ，４６ｄは、下のエンドプレート４５ｂにつながった負極の出力端子としても機能する。 [Output member]
The output member 11 that outputs the electricity generated by the fuel cell stack 8 is the fastening members 46a to 46d and the end plates 45a and 45b located at the corners of the fuel cell stack 8, and a pair of fastening members facing each other diagonally. The members 46a and 46c are electrically connected to the upper end plate 45a which is a positive electrode, and the other pair of fastening members 46b and 46d are electrically connected to the lower end plate 45b which is a negative electrode. Of course, the fastening members 46a and 46d connected to the positive electrode and the fastening members 46b and 46c connected to the negative electrode interpose the insulating washer 55 (see FIG. 1) with respect to the end plate 45a (45b) of the other electrode, and the fuel. The battery stack 8 is insulated by providing a gap between the corner through hole 47 and the like. Therefore, the fastening members 46a and 46c of the fixing member 9 also function as positive output terminals connected to the upper end plate 45a, and the other fastening members 46b and 46d are negative electrodes connected to the lower end plate 45b. Also functions as an output terminal.

［発電］
上記燃料電池１の空気供給流路４に空気を供給すると、その空気は、図７の右側から左側に流れ、右側の空気供給流路４と、空気供給連絡室３０と、空気供給連絡部３２とからなる空気供給部２５を通って空気室１６に供給され、この空気室１６の集電部材１８０同士の間のガス流路５６を通り抜け、さらに空気排気連絡部３６と、空気排気連絡室３４と、空気排気流路５とからなる空気排気部２６を通って外部に排出される。 [Power generation]
When air is supplied to the air supply channel 4 of the fuel cell 1, the air flows from the right side to the left side in FIG. 7, and the right air supply channel 4, the air supply communication chamber 30, and the air supply communication unit 32. Is supplied to the air chamber 16 through the air supply unit 25, passes through the gas flow path 56 between the current collecting members 180 of the air chamber 16, and further, the air exhaust communication unit 36 and the air exhaust communication chamber 34. Then, the air is discharged to the outside through the air exhaust portion 26 including the air exhaust passage 5.

同時に燃料電池１の燃料供給流路６に燃料ガスとして例えば水素を供給すると、その燃料ガスは、図８の上側から下側に流れ、上側の燃料供給流路６と、燃料供給連絡室３８と、燃料供給連絡部４０とからなる燃料供給部２７を通って燃料室１７に供給され、この燃料室１７の集電部材１９０，１９０…の間、厳密にはセル本体当接部１９０ｂ，１９０ｂ…同士の間のガス流路５７（図８において、燃料室１７内の非斜線部参照）を拡散しながら通り抜け、さらに燃料排気連絡部４４と、燃料排気連絡室４２と、燃料排気流路７とからなる燃料排気部２８を通って外部に排気される。
なお、このとき集電部材１９０が前記のように多孔質金属又は金網又はワイヤー又はパンチングメタルで形成されていると、ガス流路５７の表面が凸凹になるため燃料ガスの拡散性が向上する。 At the same time, when hydrogen, for example, is supplied as a fuel gas to the fuel supply channel 6 of the fuel cell 1, the fuel gas flows from the upper side to the lower side in FIG. 8, and the upper fuel supply channel 6, the fuel supply communication chamber 38, Are supplied to the fuel chamber 17 through the fuel supply unit 27 including the fuel supply communication unit 40, and strictly between the current collecting members 190, 190 ... of the fuel chamber 17, the cell main body contact portions 190b, 190b ... The gas passage 57 between them (see the non-hatched portion in the fuel chamber 17 in FIG. 8) passes through while diffusing, and further, the fuel exhaust communication section 44, the fuel exhaust communication chamber 42, and the fuel exhaust flow path 7 It is exhausted to the outside through the fuel exhaust part 28 comprising
At this time, if the current collecting member 190 is formed of a porous metal, a metal mesh, a wire, or a punching metal as described above, the surface of the gas flow channel 57 becomes uneven, so that the diffusibility of the fuel gas is improved.

このような空気と燃料ガスの供給・排気を行いつつ前記容器１０内の温度を７００℃〜１０００℃にまで上昇させると、空気と燃料ガスが空気極１４と電解質２と燃料極１５を介して反応を起こすため、空気極１４を正極、燃料極１５を負極とする直流の電気エネルギーが発生する。なお、燃料電池セル３内で電気エネルギーが発生する原理は周知であるため説明を省略する。   When the temperature in the container 10 is raised to 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C. while supplying and exhausting such air and fuel gas, the air and fuel gas are passed through the air electrode 14, the electrolyte 2, and the fuel electrode 15. In order to cause a reaction, DC electric energy is generated with the air electrode 14 as a positive electrode and the fuel electrode 15 as a negative electrode. In addition, since the principle which an electrical energy generate | occur | produces in the fuel cell 3 is known, description is abbreviate | omitted.

前記のように空気極１４は、集電部材１８０を介して上のインターコネクタ１２に電気的に接続され、一方、燃料極１５は、集電部材１９０を介して下のインターコネクタ１３に電気的に接続されており、また、燃料電池スタック８は複数の燃料電池セル３を積層して直列に接続された状態であるから、上のエンドプレート４５ａが正極で、下のエンドプレート４５ｂが負極になり、その電気エネルギーが出力端子としても機能する締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄを介して外部に取り出せる。   As described above, the air electrode 14 is electrically connected to the upper interconnector 12 via the current collecting member 180, while the fuel electrode 15 is electrically connected to the lower interconnector 13 via the current collecting member 190. In addition, since the fuel cell stack 8 is in a state where a plurality of fuel cells 3 are stacked and connected in series, the upper end plate 45a is a positive electrode and the lower end plate 45b is a negative electrode. Thus, the electrical energy can be taken out through the fastening members 46a to 46d that also function as output terminals.

以上のように燃料電池は、発電時に温度が上昇し、発電停止により温度が下降する、という温度サイクルを繰り返す。したがって、燃料室１７や空気室１６を構成する全ての部材や前記締め付け部材４６ａ〜４６ｄについて熱膨張と収縮が繰り返され、それに伴い燃料室１７や空気室１６の間隔も拡大と縮小が繰り返される。
また、燃料圧や空気圧も変動する場合があり、その圧力の変動でセル本体２０が変形することによっても燃料室１７や空気室１６の間隔が拡大又は縮小する。
このような燃料室１７や空気室１６の拡大方向の変化に対して、実施形態では燃料室１７側の集電部材１９０が、専らスペーサー５８０の積層方向（＝厚さ方向又は締付部材４６ａ〜４６ｄの締め付け方向）の弾性力と同方向の熱膨張によってセル本体２０を押圧するため電気的接点が安定的に維持される。この集電部材１９０によるセル本体２０の押圧は空気室１６側にも影響するため、空気室１６の電気的接点も安定的に維持される。
また、燃料室１７や空気室１６の縮小方向の変化に対して、燃料室１７側の専らスペーサー５８０の収縮によってセル本体２０に加わる応力が緩和される。 As described above, the fuel cell repeats a temperature cycle in which the temperature rises during power generation and the temperature drops due to power generation stop. Therefore, thermal expansion and contraction are repeated for all members constituting the fuel chamber 17 and the air chamber 16 and the fastening members 46a to 46d, and accordingly, the intervals between the fuel chamber 17 and the air chamber 16 are repeatedly expanded and contracted.
Further, the fuel pressure and air pressure may also fluctuate, and the space between the fuel chamber 17 and the air chamber 16 is expanded or reduced by the deformation of the cell body 20 due to the fluctuation of the pressure.
In response to such a change in the expansion direction of the fuel chamber 17 and the air chamber 16, in the embodiment, the current collecting member 190 on the fuel chamber 17 side is exclusively used in the stacking direction of the spacers 580 (= thickness direction or tightening members 46a to 46a). The electrical contact is stably maintained because the cell body 20 is pressed by the thermal expansion in the same direction as the elastic force in the tightening direction (46d). Since the pressing of the cell body 20 by the current collecting member 190 also affects the air chamber 16 side, the electrical contacts of the air chamber 16 are also stably maintained.
Further, the stress applied to the cell body 20 is alleviated by contraction of the spacer 580 exclusively on the fuel chamber 17 side with respect to changes in the shrinking direction of the fuel chamber 17 and the air chamber 16.

また、燃料極１５側の集電部材１９０がＮｉか又はＮｉ合金であると、発電時の高温環境下でセル本体当接部１９０ｂが燃料極１５中のＮｉと拡散接合して一体になる。したがって集電部材１９０による電気的接続がより安定的に維持される。
なお、好ましくは燃料極１５にＮｉＯペーストを塗布して接合層を形成しておくとよい。そうすることによりＨ２ 中の通電でＮｉＯがＮｉになるから集電部材１９０と燃料極１５の接合性がさらに向上する。前記接合層は、燃料極１５にＰｔペーストを塗布することによって形成してもよい。 Further, when the current collecting member 190 on the fuel electrode 15 side is Ni or Ni alloy, the cell main body contact portion 190b is diffused and joined with Ni in the fuel electrode 15 in a high temperature environment during power generation. Therefore, the electrical connection by the current collecting member 190 is more stably maintained.
It is preferable to apply a NiO paste to the fuel electrode 15 to form a bonding layer. By doing so, NiO is changed to Ni by energization in H 2 , so that the joining property of the current collecting member 190 and the fuel electrode 15 is further improved. The bonding layer may be formed by applying a Pt paste to the fuel electrode 15.

また、実施形態１では下のインターコネクタ１３にコネクタ当接部１９０ａの集合体である平板１９０ｐを溶接して接合するようにしたが、該インターコネクタ１３と平板１９０ｐの材質を発電時の高温環境下で拡散接合し得る組み合わせ（例えばＣｒｏｆｅｒ２２ＨとＮｉ）にするか、或は下のインターコネクタ１３の内面側に前記のような接合層を形成するようにしておけば、発電時の高温環境下でインターコネクタ１３と集電部材１９０を接合して一体にすることができる。   In the first embodiment, the lower interconnector 13 is joined by welding the flat plate 190p, which is an assembly of the connector contact portions 190a, but the interconnector 13 and the flat plate 190p are made of a high temperature environment during power generation. If a combination that allows diffusion bonding underneath (for example, Crofer 22H and Ni) or a bonding layer as described above is formed on the inner surface side of the lower interconnector 13, it is possible to operate in a high temperature environment during power generation. The interconnector 13 and the current collecting member 190 can be joined together.

［実施形態２］
図１３〜図１６は実施形態２を示す燃料電池セル３の中間省略縦断面図である。実施形態１は、集電部材１９０の連接部１９０ｃをＵ字状に曲げてコネクタ当接部１９０ａの上方にセル本体当接部１９０ｂを配置すると共にコネクタ当接部１９０ａとセル本体当接部１９０ｂの間にスペーサー５８０を介在させるようにしたが、実施形態２では連接部１９０ｃを斜めにして、図１３のようにコネクタ当接部１９０ａとセル本体当接部１９０ｂの上下位置を完全に異ならせるか又は図１４のように集電部材１９０を断面略Ｚ字状にしてコネクタ当接部１９０ａとセル本体当接部１９０ｂの一部が上下位置を違えて重なるように配置し、そうしてコネクタ当接部１９０ａとセル本体２０及びセル本体当接部１９０ｂとインターコネクタ１３を隔てるように前記スペーサー５８０を配置したものである。また、図１５のようにスペーサー５８０をコネクタ当接部１９０ａとセル本体２０を隔てるように介在させるか、或は図１６のようにスペーサー５８０をセル本体当接部１９０ｂとインターコネクタ１３を隔てるように介在させるようにすることもできる。
実施形態１と実施形態２の構成の相違は以上のとおりであり、それ以外の点については実施形態１と同じであるため詳細な説明を省略する。 [Embodiment 2]
13 to 16 are longitudinally omitted sectional views of the fuel cell 3 showing the second embodiment. In the first embodiment, the connecting portion 190c of the current collecting member 190 is bent in a U shape so that the cell body contact portion 190b is disposed above the connector contact portion 190a, and the connector contact portion 190a and the cell body contact portion 190b are arranged. In the second embodiment, the connecting portion 190c is inclined and the vertical positions of the connector abutting portion 190a and the cell main body abutting portion 190b are completely different as shown in FIG. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 14, the current collecting member 190 has a substantially Z-shaped cross section and is arranged so that the connector abutting portion 190a and a part of the cell main body abutting portion 190b overlap each other at different vertical positions. The spacer 580 is disposed so as to separate the contact portion 190a from the cell body 20 and the cell body contact portion 190b from the interconnector 13. Further, as shown in FIG. 15, a spacer 580 is interposed so as to separate the connector abutting portion 190a from the cell body 20, or as shown in FIG. 16, the spacer 580 is separated from the cell body abutting portion 190b and the interconnector 13. It can also be made to intervene.
The difference between the configurations of the first embodiment and the second embodiment is as described above, and the other points are the same as those of the first embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

１ …燃料電池
２ …電解質
３ …燃料電池セル
８ …燃料電池スタック
１２，１３ …インターコネクタ
１４ …空気極
１５ …燃料極
１８０，１９０ …集電部材
１９０ａ …コネクタ当接部
１９０ｂ …セル本体当接部
１９０ｃ …連接部
２０ …セル本体
４６ａ〜４６ｄ …締め付け部材
５８０ …スペーサー DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fuel cell 2 ... Electrolyte 3 ... Fuel cell 8 ... Fuel cell stack 12, 13 ... Interconnector 14 ... Air electrode 15 ... Fuel electrode 180, 190 ... Current collection member 190a ... Connector contact part 190b ... Cell main body contact Part 190c ... Connection part 20 ... Cell body 46a to 46d ... Tightening member 580 ... Spacer

Claims (12)

一対のインターコネクタと、
該インターコネクタのそれぞれと間隔を離してその間に位置し、板状の電解質の上下面にそれぞれ電極が形成されたセル本体と、
前記電極の少なくとも一方と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置され、該電極と前記インターコネクタとを電気的に接続する集電部材と、を備えた燃料電池セルであって、
前記集電部材は、前記インターコネクタに当接するコネクタ当接部と、前記セル本体の前記電極に当接するセル本体当接部と、前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部をつなぐ連接部とが一連に形成され、
前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部との間に配置されるスペーサーを有し、
前記集電部材と前記スペーサーは前記セル本体と前記インターコネクタの前記間隔が拡大する方向に弾性を有すると共に、前記スペーサーの弾性量は前記集電部材の弾性量より大きいことを特徴とする燃料電池セル。 A pair of interconnectors;
A cell body having electrodes formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like electrolyte, spaced apart from each of the interconnectors,
A fuel cell comprising: a current collecting member disposed between at least one of the electrodes and the interconnector, and electrically connecting the electrode and the interconnector,
The current collecting member includes a connector abutting portion that abuts on the interconnector, a cell body abutting portion that abuts on the electrode of the cell body, and a connecting portion that connects the connector abutting portion and the cell body abutting portion. And are formed in a series,
Having a spacer disposed between the connector contact portion and the cell body contact portion;
The current collecting member and the spacer have elasticity in a direction in which the distance between the cell main body and the interconnector increases, and the elastic amount of the spacer is larger than the elastic amount of the current collecting member. cell. 前記連接部が折り曲げられ、前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部が前記スペーサーの両側に配置されている請求項１に記載の燃料電池セル。 The connection portion is bent Ri folded, the connector fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the cell body abutment portion and the contact portion are disposed on both sides of the spacer. 一対のインターコネクタと、
該インターコネクタのそれぞれと間隔を離してその間に位置し、板状の電解質の上下面にそれぞれ電極が形成されたセル本体と、
前記電極の少なくとも一方と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置され、該電極と前記インターコネクタとを電気的に接続する集電部材と、を備えた燃料電池セルであって、
前記集電部材は、前記インターコネクタに当接するコネクタ当接部と、前記セル本体の前記電極に当接するセル本体当接部と、前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部をつなぐ連接部とが一連に形成され、
前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体との間、及び、前記セル本体当接部と前記インターコネクタとの間のそれぞれに配置されるスペーサーを有し、
前記集電部材と前記スペーサーは前記セル本体と前記インターコネクタの前記間隔が拡大する方向に弾性を有すると共に、前記スペーサーの弾性量は前記集電部材の弾性量より大きいことを特徴とする燃料電池セル。 A pair of interconnectors;
A cell body having electrodes formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like electrolyte, spaced apart from each of the interconnectors,
A fuel cell comprising: a current collecting member disposed between at least one of the electrodes and the interconnector, and electrically connecting the electrode and the interconnector,
The current collecting member includes a connector abutting portion that abuts on the interconnector, a cell body abutting portion that abuts on the electrode of the cell body, and a connecting portion that connects the connector abutting portion and the cell body abutting portion. And are formed in a series,
A spacer disposed between the connector contact portion and the cell body, and between the cell body contact portion and the interconnector;
The current collecting member and the spacer have elasticity in a direction in which the distance between the cell main body and the interconnector increases, and the elastic amount of the spacer is larger than the elastic amount of the current collecting member. cell. 一対のインターコネクタと、
該インターコネクタのそれぞれと間隔を離してその間に位置し、板状の電解質の上下面にそれぞれ電極が形成されたセル本体と、
前記電極の少なくとも一方と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置され、該電極と前記インターコネクタとを電気的に接続する集電部材と、を備えた燃料電池セルであって、
前記集電部材は、前記インターコネクタに当接するコネクタ当接部と、前記セル本体の前記電極に当接するセル本体当接部と、前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体当接部をつなぐ連接部とが一連に形成され、
前記コネクタ当接部と前記セル本体との間、又は、前記セル本体当接部と前記インターコネクタとの間、のどちらか一方に配置されるスペーサーを有し、
前記集電部材と前記スペーサーは前記セル本体と前記インターコネクタの前記間隔が拡大する方向に弾性を有すると共に、前記スペーサーの弾性量は前記集電部材の弾性量より大きいことを特徴とする燃料電池セル。 A pair of interconnectors;
A cell body having electrodes formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like electrolyte, spaced apart from each of the interconnectors,
A fuel cell comprising: a current collecting member disposed between at least one of the electrodes and the interconnector, and electrically connecting the electrode and the interconnector,
The current collecting member includes a connector abutting portion that abuts on the interconnector, a cell body abutting portion that abuts on the electrode of the cell body, and a connecting portion that connects the connector abutting portion and the cell body abutting portion. And are formed in a series,
Between the connector contact portion and the cell body, or between the cell body contact portion and the interconnector, has a spacer disposed,
The current collecting member and the spacer have elasticity in a direction in which the distance between the cell main body and the interconnector increases, and the elastic amount of the spacer is larger than the elastic amount of the current collecting member. cell. 前記スペーサーは、マイカ、アルミナフェルト、バーミキュライト、カーボン繊維、炭化珪素繊維、シリカの少なくとも何れか１種とすることを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セル。   The fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the spacer is at least one of mica, alumina felt, vermiculite, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and silica. 前記インターコネクタと、前記セル本体と、前記集電部材とを積層して一体に締め付ける締め付け部材をさらに有し、
前記締め付け部材及び前記スペーサーにより、前記集電部材の前記セル本体当接部が前記セル本体に当接し及び／又は前記コネクタ当接部が前記インターコネクタに当接するように押圧されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セル。 The interconnector, the cell body, and the current collecting member are further stacked and tightened together to further tighten,
The clamping member and the spacer are pressed so that the cell main body contact portion of the current collecting member contacts the cell main body and / or the connector contact portion contacts the interconnector. The fuel battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 前記スペーサーは、前記締め付け部材よりも締め付け方向の熱膨張率が高いことを特徴とする請求項６に記載の燃料電池セル。   The fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the spacer has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion in the tightening direction than the tightening member. 前記集電部材は、多孔質金属又は金網又はワイヤー又はパンチングメタル製であることを特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セル。   The fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the current collecting member is made of a porous metal, a metal mesh, a wire, or a punching metal. 前記集電部材の前記セル本体当接部が、前記セル本体の前記少なくとも一方の電極の表面に接合されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜８の何れか１項に記載の燃料電池セル。   The fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cell main body contact portion of the current collecting member is bonded to a surface of the at least one electrode of the cell main body. . 前記集電部材の前記コネクタ当接部が、前記インターコネクタに接合されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜９のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セル。   The fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the connector contact portion of the current collecting member is joined to the interconnector. 前記集電部材は、燃料極と前記インターコネクタとの間に配置されて、Ｎｉ又はＮｉ合金製であることを特徴とする請求項１〜１０の何れか１項に記載の燃料電池セル。 The fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the current collecting member is disposed between a fuel electrode and the interconnector and is made of Ni or a Ni alloy. 請求項１〜１１のいずれか１項に記載の燃料電池セルを複数個積層して締め付け部材により固定してなることを特徴とする燃料電池スタック。 Fuel cell stack, characterized by comprising fixed by Tightening member by stacking a plurality of fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1.
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