JP5320008B2 - Antifouling / antibacterial agent, antifouling / antibacterial coating material, antifouling / antibacterial agent composition and antifouling / antibacterial treatment method - Google Patents

Antifouling / antibacterial agent, antifouling / antibacterial coating material, antifouling / antibacterial agent composition and antifouling / antibacterial treatment method Download PDF

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JP5320008B2
JP5320008B2 JP2008259830A JP2008259830A JP5320008B2 JP 5320008 B2 JP5320008 B2 JP 5320008B2 JP 2008259830 A JP2008259830 A JP 2008259830A JP 2008259830 A JP2008259830 A JP 2008259830A JP 5320008 B2 JP5320008 B2 JP 5320008B2
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antifouling
antibacterial
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ammonium cation
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JP2009102314A (en
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望 鶴田
実 山下
速都 篠原
兀 福冨
道衛 中村
善文 杉戸
幸男 吉川
伸三 金尾
孝三郎 林
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Dainichiseika Color and Chemicals Mfg Co Ltd
Kochi Prefecture
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Dainichiseika Color and Chemicals Mfg Co Ltd
Kochi Prefecture
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new antifouling or antimicrobial agent which considers environments and brings an excellent antifouling or antimicrobial effect; to provide an antifouling or antimicrobial coating material; and to provide an antifouling or antimicrobial treatment method. <P>SOLUTION: This antifouling or antimicrobial agent is characterized by being selected from the following A to C: (A) a water-insoluble cross-linked product of the salt of an anti-fouling or antimicrobial quaternary ammonium cation with a water-insoluble copolymer anion having acidic groups and reactive groups; (B) a water-insoluble cross-linked product of the copolymer of a reactive monomer with the salt of an anti-fouling or antimicrobial quaternary ammonium cation with an acidic group-having monomer anion; and (C) a water-insoluble cross-linked product of the copolymer of a monomer having two or more unsaturated double bond groups with the salt of an anti-fouling or antimicrobial quaternary ammonium cation with an acidic group-having monomer anion. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、防汚、抗菌、殺菌、防カビ性(以下「防汚・抗菌性」と総称する。)を有する防汚・抗菌剤、該防汚・抗菌剤を含む組成物(塗装材、樹脂組成物)および基材の防汚・抗菌処理方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an antifouling / antibacterial agent having antifouling, antibacterial, sterilizing, and antifungal properties (hereinafter collectively referred to as “antifouling / antibacterial”), and a composition (coating material, The present invention relates to a resin composition) and an antifouling / antibacterial treatment method for a substrate.

さらに詳しくは、防汚・抗菌性を有するアンモニウムカチオンと酸性基を有する重合体アニオンとの塩が、水中において実質的に水不溶性を示し、直接水と接触することによる、あるいは水中、特に海水中に微量ずつ溶出される性質を利用した防汚・抗菌剤、防汚・抗菌剤組成物および基材の防汚・抗菌処理方法に関する。   More specifically, a salt of an ammonium cation having antifouling properties and antibacterial properties and a polymer anion having an acidic group is substantially insoluble in water, and is caused by direct contact with water or in water, particularly in seawater. The present invention relates to an antifouling / antibacterial agent, an antifouling / antibacterial agent composition and a method for antifouling / antibacterial treatment of a base material, which utilize the property of being eluted in small amounts.

海水中にはフジツボ類、コケムシ類、セルブラ類、ほや類など非常に多くの水棲生物植物や海藻類が生息している。これら水棲生物類が船舶の航行中や停泊中、補修中にその船底面や船側面に固着し、水との摩擦抵抗によって船舶の航行速度の低下や燃料の消費も増し、また、補修の頻度も増え、経済的にも多大な損失を被るなどの色々な弊害をもたらしている。また、海洋魚類の養殖場においても隔離網に同様に海洋生物が付着し、網の開口部の減少による新鮮な海水の流入などが妨げられ、養殖魚の生育に弊害となっている。   There are a great many aquatic plants and seaweeds such as barnacles, bryozoans, selbras, and frogs in the sea water. These aquatic organisms adhere to the bottom and sides of the ship while navigating, anchoring, and repairing the ship, and the frictional resistance with water increases the ship's navigation speed and increases fuel consumption. This has caused various adverse effects such as a large loss in the economy. Also, in marine fish farms, marine organisms similarly adhere to the segregation nets, preventing the inflow of fresh seawater due to the decrease in the openings of the nets, which is detrimental to the growth of farmed fish.

これら水棲生物類の付着を防止するための船底防汚塗料として、錫化合物や銅化合物を含む塗料が使用されてきた。しかしながら、それらの錫化合物や銅化合物は海水中に溶出し、環境の汚染や魚、貝、海藻などへの汚染をもたらし、それらを食料とする人達にも汚染が広がり、健康を阻害するなどの大きな社会問題になってきている。   As a ship bottom antifouling paint for preventing the adhesion of these aquatic organisms, a paint containing a tin compound or a copper compound has been used. However, those tin compounds and copper compounds are eluted in seawater, causing environmental pollution and pollution to fish, shellfish, seaweeds, etc. It has become a big social problem.

また、日常の社会生活環境においても、病院、公共施設や公衆便所などや居住環境、特に台所、風呂、便所などの建造物や住宅などの水周り個所に発生するカビなどの生物的汚れに対する抗菌性塗布材料として、また、衛生性の維持のための抗菌処理や殺菌処理のために多くの無機系および有機系の抗菌剤が使用されている。   In addition, in the daily social life environment, antibacterial against biological contamination such as mold generated in hospitals, public facilities, public toilets, etc. and living environments, especially buildings such as kitchens, baths, toilets, and water places such as houses. Many inorganic and organic antibacterial agents have been used as antibacterial coating materials and for antibacterial treatment and sterilization treatment for maintaining hygiene.

しかしながら、従来使用されている金属イオン系の抗菌剤は、少なからず毒性を有し、大量使用による金属の蓄積に起因する生態系などの環境への影響が問題になっている。また、有機系としてカチオン系やノニオン系の界面活性剤、特に第4級アンモニウム塩系のカチオン界面活性剤も用いられているが、これらは水溶性塩であり、消毒液としては使用されるものの、耐水性のある持続型の防汚・抗菌剤としては使用できない。   However, metal ion-based antibacterial agents that have been used in the past have a considerable toxicity, and there is a problem of environmental influences such as ecosystems caused by accumulation of metals due to large-scale use. In addition, cationic and nonionic surfactants, particularly quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants, are used as organic systems, but these are water-soluble salts, although they are used as disinfectants. It cannot be used as a long-lasting antifouling / antibacterial agent with water resistance.

また、酸性基を有する疎水性重合体のアンモニウム塩が提案されているが、この場合は必然的にアンモニウム塩の含有率が低くなる。アンモニウム塩の含有量を高めるためには重合体は酸性基を多く有する必要があるので基本的に水溶性重合体なり、水中、特に防汚剤として海水中で使用する場合などにおいては、アンモニウムカチオンの解離が進むにつれ、重合体の親水性が増し、アンモニウム塩を残存している重合体自体が水中に溶出してしまい、期待した第4級アンモニウムカチオンの防汚・抗菌作用が有効に持続して発揮されないという問題がある。   Moreover, although the ammonium salt of the hydrophobic polymer which has an acidic group is proposed, the content rate of an ammonium salt inevitably becomes low in this case. In order to increase the content of ammonium salt, the polymer needs to have a lot of acidic groups, so it is basically a water-soluble polymer. When used in water, especially in seawater as an antifouling agent, the ammonium cation As the dissociation progresses, the hydrophilicity of the polymer increases and the polymer itself with the remaining ammonium salt elutes in water, and the antifouling and antibacterial action of the expected quaternary ammonium cation is effectively sustained. There is a problem that it cannot be demonstrated.

従って本発明の目的は、環境への汚染や人の健康を阻害しない難溶性の有機物質を使用し、十分な持続性を有する防汚・抗菌性材料の提供およびそれらの含む防汚・抗菌剤組成物および基材の防汚・抗菌処理方法などを提供することである。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an antifouling / antibacterial material having sufficient durability using an insoluble organic substance that does not impair environmental pollution and human health, and an antifouling / antibacterial agent containing them It is to provide an antifouling / antibacterial treatment method for a composition and a substrate.

本発明者らは、上記問題点を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、防汚・抗菌性を有する水溶性第4級アンモニウム塩と、主鎖あるいは側鎖に酸性基を有する反応性重合体との水溶性塩をイオン複分解反応させると、第4級アンモニウムと重合体アニオンとの塩が、水系反応媒体から水に不溶性の固体析出物として得られることを見出した。さらにこの造塩した反応性重合体を網状化させることによって基本的に水溶性である重合体を水不溶性にし、アンモニウムカチオンの微量の溶出を長期間に亘って効果的に継続することができることを見出した。また、防汚・抗菌性を有する第4級アンモニウムカチオンと網状化した重合体アニオンとの塩を含有する塗膜あるいは成型物から、水中で防汚・抗菌性成分が長期間にわたって徐々に放出され、防汚・抗菌性を長期間にわたって持続する効果を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have made a water-soluble quaternary ammonium salt having antifouling and antibacterial properties and a reactive polymer having an acidic group in the main chain or side chain. It was found that a salt of quaternary ammonium and polymer anion can be obtained as a water-insoluble solid precipitate from an aqueous reaction medium by subjecting a water-soluble salt to ionic metathesis reaction. Furthermore, by reticulating this salted reactive polymer, the water-soluble polymer can be made essentially water-insoluble, and a small amount of ammonium cation can be effectively eluted over a long period of time. I found it. In addition, antifouling and antibacterial components are gradually released in water over a long period of time from coatings or moldings containing salts of antifouling and antibacterial quaternary ammonium cations and reticulated polymer anions. As a result, the inventors have found an effect of maintaining antifouling and antibacterial properties over a long period of time, and have completed the present invention.

すなわち、本発明は、第4級アンモニウムカチオンと、酸性基および反応性基を有する水溶性共重合体アニオンとの塩が、微細粒子の表面もしくは内部に付着または吸着され、架橋または網状化して水不溶化された水不溶性架橋化物を構成しており、前記第4級アンモニウムカチオンが、テトラ(C 1 〜C 30 )アンモニウムカチオン、トリ(C 1 〜C 30 )−フェニルアンモニウムカチオン、トリ(C 1 〜C 30 )−ベンジルアンモニウムカチオンもしくは(C 1 〜C 30 )−ピリジニウムカチオン(但し、前記「(C 1 〜C 30 )」は、炭素数が1〜30である同一もしくは異なる脂肪族炭化水素基または脂環式炭化水素基を示す)であるか、または脂肪族、脂環族もしくは芳香族のアミノ基、第4級アンモニウム基、ピリジン基、ピリジニウム基、フェノール性水酸基およびポリエチレングリコール基からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の基が、直接もしくは連結基を介してアンモニウム窒素に結合しているアンモニウムカチオンであることを特徴とする防汚・抗菌剤を提供する
お、本発明においては、「防汚・抗菌」または「防汚性・抗菌性」とは、「防汚性、抗菌性、殺菌性および防カビ性」を意味する。また、フェニル基、ベンジル基、ピリジニウム基は置換基を有する基を含む。以下においても同様である。
That is, in the present invention, a salt of a quaternary ammonium cation and a water-soluble copolymer anion having an acidic group and a reactive group is attached or adsorbed on the surface or inside of fine particles, and is crosslinked or reticulated to form water. constitute the insolubilized water-insoluble cross-linked products thereof, the quaternary ammonium cation is tetra (C 1 ~C 30) ammonium cation, tri (C 1 ~C 30) - phenyl ammonium cation, tri (C 1 ~ C 30 ) -benzylammonium cation or (C 1 -C 30 ) -pyridinium cation (wherein the “(C 1 -C 30 )” is the same or different aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or An alicyclic hydrocarbon group), or an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic amino group, quaternary ammonium group, pyridine group, pyridinium Group, at least one group selected from the group consisting of a phenolic hydroxyl group and a polyethylene glycol group, antifouling and antibacterial, characterized in that the ammonium cation bonded to the ammonium nitrogen directly or through a linking group Provide the agent .
Your name, in the present invention, the term "anti-fouling and antibacterial" or "antifouling, antibacterial", meaning "antifouling, antibacterial, bactericidal and antifungal properties." Moreover, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, and a pyridinium group include a group having a substituent. The same applies to the following.

また、上記本発明においては、前記微細粒子が、体質顔料、樹脂系微粒子、有機顔料および無機顔料からなる群から選ばれること;前記酸性基が、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、硫酸エステル基およびリン酸エステル基からなる群から選ばれた基であること;前記第4級アンモニウムカチオン(a)と前記水溶性共重合体アニオン(b)との質量比a:bが、5:95〜90:10であることが好ましい。 In the present invention, the fine particles are selected from the group consisting of extender pigments, resin fine particles, organic pigments, and inorganic pigments; the acidic groups are carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, sulfate ester groups, and it is a group selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid ester group; mass ratio of the quaternary ammonium cation (a) and the water-soluble copolymer anion (b) a: b is 5: 95 to 90 : 10 Dearuko and is preferable.

また、本発明は、前記本発明の防汚・抗菌剤に、塗膜形成材料を配合してなることを特徴とする防汚・抗菌性塗装材を提供する。ここで上記塗膜形成材料が、網状構造を形成し得る反応性重合体および/または架橋剤であることが好ましい。   The present invention also provides an antifouling / antibacterial coating material comprising a coating film forming material blended with the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention. Here, the coating film-forming material is preferably a reactive polymer and / or a crosslinking agent capable of forming a network structure.

また、本発明は、前記本発明の防汚・抗菌剤に、樹脂材料を配合してなることを特徴とする防汚・抗菌性樹脂組成物を提供する。 The present invention also antifouling and antibacterial agents before Symbol present invention, there is provided an antifouling and antibacterial resin composition characterized by being obtained by blending a resin material.

また、本発明は、前記本発明の防汚・抗菌剤、あるいは前記本発明の防汚・抗菌性塗装材を基材に塗布、噴霧または含浸し、必要によりさらに網状化処理する、あるいは前記本発明の防汚・抗菌性樹脂組成物を基材に混練または内添し、成型加工することを特徴とする基材の防汚・抗菌処理方法を提供する。   In addition, the present invention is a method of applying, spraying or impregnating a base material with the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention or the antifouling / antibacterial coating material of the present invention, and further performing a reticulation treatment if necessary. An antifouling / antibacterial treatment method for a base material is provided, which comprises kneading or internally adding the antifouling / antibacterial resin composition of the invention to a base material, followed by molding.

従来、防汚塗料や抗菌、殺菌処理剤などに使用されてきた重金属イオン系の防汚剤や抗菌剤は、少なからず毒性を有して生態系への影響が問題になっている。また、水溶性の第4級アンモニウム塩は耐水性のある持続型の防汚剤や抗菌剤としては使用できない。また、酸性基を有する重合体のアンモニウム塩も水不溶性の持続型の防汚・抗菌剤としては不十分である。   Conventionally, heavy metal ion-based antifouling agents and antibacterial agents that have been used for antifouling paints, antibacterial agents, bactericidal treatments and the like have a considerable toxicity and have an impact on the ecosystem. In addition, water-soluble quaternary ammonium salts cannot be used as water-resistant long-lasting antifouling agents or antibacterial agents. Further, ammonium salts of polymers having acidic groups are also insufficient as water-insoluble persistent antifouling and antibacterial agents.

それに対して本発明の防汚・抗菌剤は、水中で難溶性な防汚・抗菌性を有する第4級アンモニウム塩を有する重合体を網状化させることによって、防汚・抗菌性を有する重合体を本質的に水不溶性の防汚・抗菌剤にしたものであり、水中に浸漬されていても第4級アンモニウムカチオンが徐々に放出され、長期間にわたって有効に水棲生物の忌避作用をもたらし、水棲生物の着生を減少させるものと思われる。   On the other hand, the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention is a polymer having antifouling / antibacterial properties by reticulating a polymer having a quaternary ammonium salt which is hardly soluble in water and has antifouling / antibacterial properties. Is an essentially water-insoluble antifouling and antibacterial agent, and even when immersed in water, quaternary ammonium cations are gradually released, effectively providing repellent action for aquatic organisms over a long period of time. It seems to reduce the life of organisms.

次に発明を実施するための最良の形態を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。本発明で使用される第4級アンモニウムカチオンとしては、それ自身防汚・抗菌性を有するアンモニウムカチオン、あるいは防汚・抗菌性基を直接あるいは連結基を介してアンモニウム窒素に結合しているアンモニウムカチオンが挙げられる。   Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the best mode for carrying out the invention. As the quaternary ammonium cation used in the present invention, an ammonium cation having antifouling and antibacterial properties per se, or an ammonium cation in which an antifouling and antibacterial group is bonded to ammonium nitrogen directly or through a linking group Is mentioned.

アンモニウムカチオンの例としては、テトラ(C1〜C30)−アンモニウムカチオン、例えば、トリ(C1〜C3)モノ(C4〜C30)アンモニウムカチオン、ジ(C1〜C3)ジ(C4〜C30)アンモニウムカチオン、モノ(C1〜C3)トリ(C4〜C30)アンモニウムカチオン、テトラ(C4〜C30)アンモニウムカチオンなど;トリ(C1〜C30)−フェニルアンモニウムカチオン、例えば、ジ(C1〜C3)モノ(C4〜C30)フェニルアンモニウムカチオン、モノ(C1〜C3)ジ(C4〜C30)フェニルアンモニウムカチオン、トリ(C4〜C30)−フェニルアンモニウムカチオンなど; Examples of ammonium cations include tetra (C 1 -C 30 ) -ammonium cations, such as tri (C 1 -C 3 ) mono (C 4 -C 30 ) ammonium cations, di (C 1 -C 3 ) di ( C 4 -C 30 ) ammonium cation, mono (C 1 -C 3 ) tri (C 4 -C 30 ) ammonium cation, tetra (C 4 -C 30 ) ammonium cation, etc .; tri (C 1 -C 30 ) -phenyl ammonium cations, such as di (C 1 ~C 3) mono (C 4 ~C 30) phenyl ammonium cation, mono (C 1 ~C 3) di (C 4 ~C 30) phenyl ammonium cation, tri (C 4 ~ C30 ) -phenylammonium cation and the like;

トリ(C1〜C30)−ベンジルアンモニウムカチオン、例えば、ジ(C1〜C3)モノ(C4〜C30)ベンジルアンモニウムカチオン、モノ(C1〜C3)ジ(C4〜C30)ベンジルアンモニウムカチオン、トリ(C4〜C30)ベンジルアンモニウムカチオンなど;ピリジニウムカチオン、例えば、ジ(C1〜C30)ピリジニウムカチオン、モノ(C1〜C30)ベンジルピリジニウムカチオンなどからなる群が挙げられ、上記の群と合わせた群から選ばれる第4級アンモニウムカチオンなどが挙げられる。 Tri (C 1 -C 30 ) -benzylammonium cation, such as di (C 1 -C 3 ) mono (C 4 -C 30 ) benzylammonium cation, mono (C 1 -C 3 ) di (C 4 -C 30) ) Benzylammonium cation, tri (C 4 -C 30 ) benzylammonium cation, etc .; a pyridinium cation such as di (C 1 -C 30 ) pyridinium cation, mono (C 1 -C 30 ) benzylpyridinium cation, etc. And a quaternary ammonium cation selected from the group combined with the above group.

なお、上記において(C1〜C30)、(C1〜C3)、(C4〜C30)などは、それぞれ炭素数が1〜30、1〜3あるいは4〜30である脂肪族炭化水素基、炭素数4以上の場合はさらに脂環式炭化水素基、炭素数6以上の場合はさらに芳香族炭化水素基を含む。また、「テトラ−、トリ−、ジ−」の炭素数は同一でも、また異なってもよい。フェニル基、ベンジル基およびピリジニウム基は、アルキル基、ハロゲン基、ニトロ基などの誘導基を有してもよい。特に断らない限り、以下においても同様である。上記の中でも、炭化水素基として炭素数が12、14、16のアルキル基を有するアンモニウムカチオンが好ましく、また、それにベンジル基を併せ有するアンモニウムカチオンも好ましい。 In the above, (C 1 -C 30 ), (C 1 -C 3 ), (C 4 -C 30 ) and the like are aliphatic carbonized having 1 to 30 , 1 to 3 or 4 to 30 carbon atoms, respectively. When it has 4 or more carbon atoms, it further contains an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and when it has 6 or more carbon atoms, it further contains an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Moreover, the carbon number of "tetra-, tri-, di-" may be the same or different. The phenyl group, benzyl group, and pyridinium group may have a derivative group such as an alkyl group, a halogen group, and a nitro group. The same applies to the following unless otherwise specified. Among these, an ammonium cation having an alkyl group having 12, 14, or 16 carbon atoms as a hydrocarbon group is preferable, and an ammonium cation having a benzyl group is also preferable.

アンモニウムカチオンのアンモニウム窒素に直接あるいは連結基を介して結合する防汚・抗菌性基としては、上記した第4級アンモニウム塩を含む脂肪族、脂環族または芳香族のアミノ基、第4級アンモニウム基、ピリジン基、ピリジニウム基、フェノール性水酸基およびポリエチレングリコール基などからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の公知の防汚・抗菌性基が挙げられる。   Antifouling and antibacterial groups bonded directly to the ammonium nitrogen of the ammonium cation via a linking group include aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic amino groups containing the above quaternary ammonium salts, and quaternary ammonium. And at least one known antifouling and antibacterial group selected from the group consisting of a group, a pyridine group, a pyridinium group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a polyethylene glycol group.

具体的には、例えば、アルキル(C10〜C16)アミノ基、N,N−ジメチル−アルキル(C8〜C16)アミノ基などの脂肪族アミノ基、それらのアンモニウム基;シクロヘキシルアミノ基などの脂環族アミノ基、それらのアンモニウム基;アニリン基、アニシジン基などの芳香族アミノ基、それらのアンモニウム基;4−アルキル(C8〜C16)アニリン基などの脂肪族炭化水素基置換芳香族アミノ基、それらのアンモニウム基;ピリジン基、ピリジニウム基、4−アルキル(C10〜C16)ピリジン基などの脂肪族炭化水素基置換ピリジン基、それらのピリジニウム基;フェノール基、クレゾール基、アミノフェノール基などのフェノール性水酸基およびポリエチレングリコール基などである。 Specifically, for example, an aliphatic amino group such as an alkyl (C 10 -C 16 ) amino group, an N, N-dimethyl-alkyl (C 8 -C 16 ) amino group, an ammonium group thereof; a cyclohexylamino group, etc. An alicyclic amino group, an ammonium group thereof; an aromatic amino group such as an aniline group and an anisidine group; an ammonium group thereof; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group-substituted fragrance such as a 4-alkyl (C 8 -C 16 ) aniline group group amino group, their ammonium group; pyridine groups, pyridinium groups, 4-alkyl (C 10 ~C 16) pyridine aliphatic hydrocarbon group substituted pyridine group, such groups, their pyridinium group; phenol group, cresol group, amino These include phenolic hydroxyl groups such as phenol groups and polyethylene glycol groups.

本発明で用いる水溶性重合体アニオンを構成する、酸性基を有する単量体ユニット(単位)あるいは酸性基を有する単量体としては、カルボン酸、スルホン酸、硫酸エステル、リン酸エステルからなる群から選ばれた酸性基を有するビニル系、(メタ)アクリルエステル系、アクリルアミド系の単量体ユニットあるいは単量体が挙げられる。   The monomer unit (unit) having an acidic group or the monomer having an acidic group constituting the water-soluble polymer anion used in the present invention is a group consisting of carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfate ester and phosphate ester. And vinyl-based, (meth) acrylic ester-based, and acrylamide-based monomer units or monomers having an acidic group selected from

具体例としては、(メタ)アクリル酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸など、およびそれらの酸無水物からなる不飽和カルボン酸類;ビニルスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸、スルホアルキル(C2〜C6)(メタ)アクリレート、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸などからなる不飽和スルホン酸類;ヒドロキシアルキル(C2〜C6)(メタ)アクリレートの硫酸エステルなどからなる不飽和硫酸エステル類;ヒドロキシアルキル(C2〜C6)(メタ)アクリレートなどのリン酸エステルからなる不飽和リン酸エステルなどのアニオン性基を有する単量体ユニットあるいは単量体が挙げられる。 Specific examples include unsaturated carboxylic acids composed of (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and the like, and acid anhydrides thereof; vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, sulfoalkyl (C 2 -C 6) (meth) acrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-unsaturated sulfonic acids and the like methylpropanesulfonic acid; hydroxyalkyl (C 2 ~C 6) (meth) unsaturated sulfuric acid ester made of sulfuric esters of acrylate A monomer unit or monomer having an anionic group such as an unsaturated phosphate ester composed of a phosphate ester such as hydroxyalkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) (meth) acrylate.

本発明の防汚・抗菌剤を構成する、アンモニウムカチオンと上記重合体アニオンとの塩において、アンモニウムカチオン(a)と重合体アニオン(b)との質量比a:bは、重合体アニオンとアンモニウムカチオンとのグラム当量により決まるが、凡そa:bが5:95〜90:10であることが好ましい。アンモニウムカチオンの含有量は目的に合わせて設計すべきであり、必要以上に上げる必要はないが、防汚・抗菌効果の持続性の観点からは、アンモニウムカチオンの含有量は高い方が望ましい。また、コーティング剤などの組成物中の含有量は、皮膜形成材料との対比、塗膜厚などによってもコントロールできるので、防汚・抗菌剤中のアンモニウムカチオンの含有量は高い方が望ましい。   In the salt of the ammonium cation and the polymer anion constituting the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention, the mass ratio a: b of the ammonium cation (a) to the polymer anion (b) is: Although it is determined by the gram equivalent with the cation, it is preferable that a: b is about 5:95 to 90:10. The content of the ammonium cation should be designed according to the purpose and need not be increased more than necessary. However, from the viewpoint of the durability of the antifouling and antibacterial effect, the content of the ammonium cation is preferably higher. In addition, since the content in the composition such as a coating agent can be controlled by comparison with the film forming material, the film thickness, and the like, it is desirable that the content of the ammonium cation in the antifouling / antibacterial agent is high.

アンモニウムカチオンと、酸性基を有する反応性重合体(重合体アニオン)との塩の形成方法としては以下の方法が挙げられる。   Examples of a method for forming a salt of an ammonium cation and a reactive polymer having an acidic group (polymer anion) include the following methods.

(1)水、水−親水性有機溶媒の混合溶媒あるいは有機溶媒中で、第4級アンモニウムの塩酸塩や酢酸塩などの水溶性塩溶液と、重合体アニオンのナトリウム塩やアンモニウム塩などの水溶性塩溶液を混合し、イオン複分解させ、第4級アンモニウムカチオンと重合体アニオンとの塩を形成させ、沈殿あるいは分離させる方法。 (1) A water-soluble salt solution such as quaternary ammonium hydrochloride or acetate and a water salt such as sodium salt or ammonium salt of a polymer anion in water, a mixed solvent of water-hydrophilic organic solvent or an organic solvent. A method in which a salt solution is mixed, subjected to ionic metathesis to form a salt of a quaternary ammonium cation and a polymer anion, and then precipitated or separated.

(2)可溶性媒体中で第4級アンモニウム塩基(ベース)と遊離の酸性基を有する重合体アニオンとを混合し、次いで溶媒を溜去するか、水中に注入して第4級アンモニウムカチオン・重合体アニオンの塩を沈殿あるいは分離させる方法。 (2) A quaternary ammonium base (base) and a polymer anion having a free acidic group are mixed in a soluble medium, and then the solvent is distilled off or poured into water to add quaternary ammonium cations and heavy ions. A method of precipitating or separating the salt of the combined anion.

(3)酸性基を有する単量体(単量体アニオン)と第4級アンモニウムカチオンとを、上記(1)または(2)の方法に準じて第4級アンモニウムカチオン・単量体アニオン塩を調製し、反応性単量体あるいは不飽和二重結合基を2個以上有する単量体(以下、多官能性単量体と称する。)と、さらには他の共単量体と共重合させる方法。 (3) A monomer (monomer anion) having an acidic group and a quaternary ammonium cation are converted into a quaternary ammonium cation / monomer anion salt according to the method (1) or (2). Prepared and copolymerized with a reactive monomer or a monomer having two or more unsaturated double bond groups (hereinafter referred to as a polyfunctional monomer) and further with another comonomer. Method.

上記(1)または(2)の方法において、好ましい親水性溶剤としては、例えば、(C1〜C4)アルコール類やアルキレン(C2〜C6)グリコールモノアルキル(C1〜C4)エーテル、アルキレン(C2〜C6)グリコールモノアルキル(C1〜C4)エーテルアセテートなどのグリコールエーテル類などである。 In the above method (1) or (2), preferred hydrophilic solvents include, for example, (C 1 -C 4 ) alcohols and alkylene (C 2 -C 6 ) glycol monoalkyl (C 1 -C 4 ) ethers. And glycol ethers such as alkylene (C 2 -C 6 ) glycol monoalkyl (C 1 -C 4 ) ether acetate.

また、上記した(3)の方法において、第4級アンモニウムカチオン・単量体アニオン塩の重合方法としては、公知の重合方法、例えば、溶液重合、乳化重合、懸濁重合、ソープフリー重合がすべて使用できる。重合媒体も有機溶剤、水−有機溶剤混合溶媒または水が選ばれる。   In the method (3) described above, the polymerization method of the quaternary ammonium cation / monomer anion salt includes all known polymerization methods such as solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, and soap-free polymerization. Can be used. As the polymerization medium, an organic solvent, a water-organic solvent mixed solvent, or water is selected.

上記(1)〜(3)で生成された第4級アンモニウムカチオン・重合体アニオン塩は、単独であるいは架橋剤により網状化させて水不溶性にする。それらの方法としては、アンモニウムカチオン・重合体アニオン塩を網状化して水不溶性の防汚・抗菌剤として使用する方法、あるいは未網状化のアンモニウムカチオン・重合体アニオン塩を基材に塗布などの加工をしてから網状化する方法などが挙げられる。   The quaternary ammonium cation / polymer anion salt produced in the above (1) to (3) is made into a water-insoluble by being reticulated alone or with a crosslinking agent. These methods include the method of reticulating ammonium cation / polymer anion salt to use as a water-insoluble antifouling / antibacterial agent, or processing such as applying non-reticulated ammonium cation / polymer anion salt to a substrate. For example, a netting method may be used.

単独で、あるいは架橋剤により網状化をもたらす反応性単量体として、メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、アルコキシ(C1〜C4)メチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、マレイン酸無水物など;架橋剤により網状化をもたらす反応性単量体として、ヒドロキシアルキル(C2〜C6)(メタ)アクリレート、(メタ)アクリルアミド、(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸など公知の反応性単量体が挙げられる。 As a reactive monomer that brings about reticulation alone or by a crosslinking agent, methylol (meth) acrylamide, alkoxy (C 1 -C 4 ) methyl (meth) acrylamide, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, maleic anhydride, etc .; Known reactive monomers such as hydroxyalkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, etc., are used as reactive monomers that cause networking by the crosslinking agent. Can be mentioned.

架橋剤としては、従来公知の架橋剤、例えば、ヘキサメチロールメラミン、ヘキサメトキシメチルメラミンなどのアミノ樹脂初期縮合物、トリメチロールプロパン−トリ(トリレンジイソシアネート)アダクト、トリメチロールプロパン−トリ(イソホロンジイソシアネート)アダクトなどのポリイソシアネート化合物、モノ〜ポリアルキレン(C2〜C6)グリコールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリントリグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールA−ジグリシジルエーテル、それらのオリゴマーなどのポリエポキシ化合物などが使用される。 Examples of the crosslinking agent include conventionally known crosslinking agents, for example, amino resin initial condensates such as hexamethylol melamine and hexamethoxymethyl melamine, trimethylolpropane-tri (tolylene diisocyanate) adduct, trimethylolpropane-tri (isophorone diisocyanate). Polyisocyanate compounds such as adducts, polyepoxy compounds such as mono-polyalkylene (C 2 -C 6 ) glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, and oligomers thereof are used.

また、上記(3)の方法においては、アンモニウムイオン・単量体アニオン塩と多官能性単量体とを共重合させて架橋させ、水不溶性の重合体とすることができる。また、エネルギー線硬化性コーティング剤として基材に塗布などの処理をした後、紫外線あるいは電子線などの照射により重合網状化することもできる。使用される多官能性単量体としては、例えば、ジビニルベンゼン、メチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、アルキレン(C2〜C6)グリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリアルキレン(C2〜C6)グリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリト−ルテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、メチレンビスアクリルアミドなどの多官能性モノマー;アクリルポリマーポリアクリレート、ポリウレタンポリアクリレート、エポキシ樹脂ポリアクリレートなどの公知の多官能性オリゴマーなどが挙げられる。 In the method (3), an ammonium ion / monomer anion salt and a polyfunctional monomer are copolymerized and crosslinked to form a water-insoluble polymer. Moreover, after processing a base material as an energy ray curable coating agent, it can also be polymerized by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or electron beams. Examples of the polyfunctional monomer used include divinylbenzene, methylene bis (meth) acrylamide, alkylene (C 2 -C 6 ) glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyalkylene (C 2 -C 6 ) glycol di ( Multifunctional monomers such as (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, methylenebisacrylamide; known acrylic polymer polyacrylate, polyurethane polyacrylate, epoxy resin polyacrylate, etc. A polyfunctional oligomer etc. are mentioned.

さらにアンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩を、水中に浮遊させて防汚性を効果的にするために、アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩中に重合体主鎖あるいはグラフトポリマー鎖に親水基を多数導入することも好ましい。例えば、アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩において、該塩の形成を部分的に止めて、アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩中に酸性基を残存させる方法、ノニオン性単量体、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸などの不飽和カルボン酸類のエチレングリコール、グリセリン、ポリエチレングリコール、メトキシポリエチレングリコールなどの多価アルコールやその誘導体のエステルなどを共重合する方法などが効果的である。また、単量体の共重合性や重合体の強度などの物性や溶解性などの改良のために疎水性単量体、例えば、スチレン、エチレン、プロピレン、ブタジエン、イソプレン、(メタ)アクリル酸の脂肪族(C1〜C30)、芳香族(C6〜C15)、脂環式(C6〜C15)炭化水素エステルなどを共重合することもできる。 Furthermore, in order to make the ammonium ion / polymer anion salt float in water and make the antifouling property effective, a large number of hydrophilic groups are introduced into the polymer main chain or graft polymer chain in the ammonium ion / polymer anion salt. It is also preferable. For example, in an ammonium ion / polymer anion salt, a method in which formation of the salt is partially stopped to leave an acidic group in the ammonium ion / polymer anion salt, a nonionic monomer such as (meth) acrylic For example, a method of copolymerizing an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, or methoxypolyethylene glycol or an ester of a derivative thereof such as an acid, maleic acid or itaconic acid is effective. In addition, hydrophobic monomers such as styrene, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene, and (meth) acrylic acid are used to improve properties such as copolymerization of monomers and polymer strength and solubility. Aliphatic (C 1 -C 30 ), aromatic (C 6 -C 15 ), alicyclic (C 6 -C 15 ) hydrocarbon esters and the like can also be copolymerized.

上記の製造方法において、水溶性アンモニウム塩と水溶性重合体アニオン塩との複分解生成塩は、多くの場合結晶化を伴わない塊状固体で生成するので、例えば、塗装材などの調製に際して微細分散が困難な場合があったり、樹脂中に均一に混合して使用する際などでも混練分散させるに不都合の場合がある。そのため、好ましい方法として次のような方法が挙げられる。   In the above production method, the metathesis product salt of the water-soluble ammonium salt and the water-soluble polymer anion salt is often produced as a bulk solid without crystallization, so that, for example, fine dispersion is caused in the preparation of coating materials and the like. There are cases where it is difficult, and there are cases where it is inconvenient for kneading and dispersing even when the resin is uniformly mixed and used. Therefore, the following method is mentioned as a preferable method.

(1)防汚・抗菌剤を分散液として使用する場合には、吸油量の高い微細粒子を担体として使用し、アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩を、上記微細粒子の吸油量の範囲内でその表面あるいは内部に付着あるいは吸着させて微粒子状の防汚・抗菌剤にすることが好ましい。担体となる微細粒子としては、体質顔料、樹脂系微粒子、有機顔料および無機顔料などからなる群から選ばれた微細粒子が好ましい。   (1) When using an antifouling / antibacterial agent as a dispersion, fine particles having a high oil absorption are used as a carrier, and ammonium ions / polymer anion salts are used within the range of the oil absorption of the fine particles. It is preferable to make fine antifouling / antibacterial agent by adhering or adsorbing to the surface or inside. The fine particles used as the carrier are preferably fine particles selected from the group consisting of extender pigments, resin-based fine particles, organic pigments, inorganic pigments, and the like.

体質顔料としては、例えば、ケイ酸アルミニウム、珪藻土、ケイ酸カルシウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、合成非晶質シリカ、コロイダルシリカ、ゼオライト、リン酸カルシウム、ヒドロキシアパタイト、水酸化マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、カオリン、クレー、タルク、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、リトポン、アルミナなど;無機顔料としては通常の顔料の他、微粒子の二酸化チタン、酸化鉄、水酸化鉄など;活性炭などが挙げられる。また、アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩の網状化については、アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩を微細粒子の表面あるいは内部に付着あるいは吸着させた後、アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩を網状化して水不溶化することで、アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩の溶出がなく、さらに効果の長期持続性のある防汚・抗菌剤とすることができる。   Examples of extender pigments include aluminum silicate, diatomaceous earth, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, synthetic amorphous silica, colloidal silica, zeolite, calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, clay. , Talc, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, lithopone, alumina and the like; as inorganic pigments, fine pigments such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide, iron hydroxide and the like; In addition, regarding the reticulation of ammonium ion / polymer anion salt, the ammonium ion / polymer anion salt is attached or adsorbed on the surface or inside of fine particles, and then the ammonium ion / polymer anion salt is reticulated to be insoluble in water. By doing so, it is possible to obtain an antifouling / antibacterial agent having no long-lasting effect without elution of ammonium ions / polymer anion salts.

(2)生成したアンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩を溶解する溶剤に溶解させて使用する。水不溶性のアンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩は溶剤溶液あるいは溶剤−水混合溶媒溶液、特にアルコール系溶媒、水−アルコール系の混合溶剤に溶解することから、塗装材の溶剤あるいは混合溶剤として使用し、単独にか、必要に応じて非反応性重合体、網状構造を形成し得る反応性重合体および/または架橋剤からなる塗膜形成材料を配合して塗装材とし、基材に塗布して後、網状化させることが好ましい。 (2) The produced ammonium ion / polymer anion salt is dissolved in a solvent for use. The water-insoluble ammonium ion / polymer anion salt dissolves in a solvent solution or a solvent-water mixed solvent solution, particularly an alcohol solvent or a water-alcohol mixed solvent. Independently or as required, a non-reactive polymer, a reactive polymer capable of forming a network structure, and / or a film-forming material comprising a crosslinking agent is blended to form a coating material, which is then applied to a substrate. It is preferable to form a mesh.

本発明において、前記アンモニウムイオン・重合体アニオン塩よりなる防汚・抗菌剤に、さらにアンモニウムカチオン・低分子有機酸塩を添加し、効果を向上させることも好ましい方法である。使用される低分子有機酸としては、例えば、脂肪族(C3〜C30)カルボン酸、脂環式あるいはアルキル脂環式(C4〜C30)カルボン酸、芳香族あるいはアルキル芳香族(C6〜C30)カルボン酸、脂肪族(C3〜C30)スルホン酸、芳香族あるいはアルキル芳香族(C6〜C30)スルホン酸、脂肪族(C3〜C30)モノサルフエート、脂肪族(C3〜C30)フォスフエートなどが挙げられ、アンモニウム塩は重合体の塩の生成法と同様に、水溶性塩のイオン複分解やフリーベースと酸の塩形成反応で形成される。 In the present invention, it is also preferable to add an ammonium cation / low molecular organic acid salt to the antifouling / antibacterial agent comprising the ammonium ion / polymer anion salt to improve the effect. Examples of the low molecular organic acid used include aliphatic (C 3 -C 30 ) carboxylic acid, alicyclic or alkyl alicyclic (C 4 -C 30 ) carboxylic acid, aromatic or alkyl aromatic (C 6 -C 30) carboxylic acids, aliphatic (C 3 ~C 30) sulfonic acid, an aromatic or alkyl aromatic (C 6 ~C 30) sulfonic acid, aliphatic (C 3 ~C 30) mono sulphates, fatty family (C 3 ~C 30) Fosufueto and the like, ammonium salts, like generation method of a salt of the polymer, is formed by a salt forming reaction of ion metathesis and free base and the acid in a water-soluble salt.

本発明の防汚・抗菌性塗装材は、防汚・抗菌剤が塗膜表面に露出する状態を形成する塗料として使用することが好ましい。例えば、防汚・抗菌剤を塗膜形成材料中に高濃度に添加することで、防汚・抗菌剤が相溶しないようにして塗膜中で相分離させて高濃度の膜部分をつくること、防汚・抗菌剤が微粒子の場合は粒径を比較的大きくすることなどが挙げられる。船底防汚塗料などでは塗膜形成材料として徐々に表面から溶解していく自己研磨(セルフ・ポリシング)型の樹脂系を使用すると、塗膜中の防汚・抗菌剤を順次表面に露出させることができるので好ましい。   The antifouling / antibacterial coating material of the present invention is preferably used as a paint that forms a state in which the antifouling / antibacterial agent is exposed on the surface of the coating film. For example, by adding antifouling / antibacterial agent at high concentration in the coating film forming material, the antifouling / antibacterial agent is not compatible with each other, and phase separation is performed in the coating film to create a high concentration film part. In the case where the antifouling / antibacterial agent is a fine particle, for example, a relatively large particle size may be mentioned. When using a self-polishing resin system that gradually dissolves from the surface as a coating film forming material for ship bottom antifouling paints, etc., the antifouling and antibacterial agents in the coating film are sequentially exposed to the surface. Is preferable.

本発明の防汚・抗菌性塗装材を構成する塗膜形成材料としては、公知の樹脂材料が使用できる。樹脂の分類からは、例えば、合成ゴム樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ビニル樹脂、塩化ゴム樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、フッ素樹脂などの塗膜形成材料および紫外線硬化性樹脂系、電子線硬化性樹脂系などのエネルギー線硬化性塗膜形成材料などが挙げられる。上記した防汚・抗菌性塗装材において、防汚・抗菌剤(A)のみの使用を含め、防汚・抗菌剤(A)と塗膜形成材料(B)との配合質量比は、A:B=100:0〜5:95であり、防汚・抗菌剤が塗膜表面に高密度に露出させることが好ましい。   As the coating film forming material constituting the antifouling / antibacterial coating material of the present invention, known resin materials can be used. From the classification of resins, for example, synthetic rubber resin, acrylic resin, vinyl resin, chlorinated rubber resin, alkyd resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, fluororesin and other coating film forming materials and ultraviolet curable resin systems, Examples include energy beam curable coating film forming materials such as electron beam curable resin systems. In the above-mentioned antifouling / antibacterial coating material, including only the use of the antifouling / antibacterial agent (A), the blending mass ratio of the antifouling / antibacterial agent (A) and the coating film forming material (B) is A: B = 100: 0 to 5:95, and it is preferable that the antifouling / antibacterial agent is exposed on the surface of the coating film with high density.

本発明の防汚・抗菌剤を基材に塗布、噴霧または含浸し、あるいは基材に混練または内添することにより基材を防汚・抗菌処理し、防汚・抗菌処理基材が得られる。本発明の防汚・抗菌剤は従来の防汚塗料と同様の用途、例えば、海洋航行船舶の海水中に没する船底面や船側面の塗装に、また、海洋魚類の養殖場においても隔離網などの広範な用途で使用できる。さらに、病院、公共施設や公衆便所など、居住環境、特に台所、風呂、便所などの建造物や住宅などの水周り個所の防汚・抗菌性塗布材料として、エアコンディショナー、空気浄化装置などの電気機器や台所用品などの日常生活の衛生性維持のための防汚・抗菌処理や殺菌などの広範な用途で使用できる。   By applying, spraying or impregnating the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention to the base material, or kneading or internally adding to the base material, the antifouling / antibacterial treatment base material is obtained. . The antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention is used in the same manner as conventional antifouling paints, for example, for painting the bottom and side of a ship that is submerged in the seawater of marine navigating vessels, and also in marine fish farms. It can be used in a wide range of applications. In addition, as an antifouling and antibacterial coating material for residential areas such as hospitals, public facilities and public toilets, especially in the surrounding areas of buildings such as kitchens, baths and toilets, and houses, it is used as an air conditioner, an air purification device, etc. It can be used in a wide range of applications such as antifouling, antibacterial treatment and sterilization for maintaining hygiene in daily life such as equipment and kitchen utensils.

また、日常生活で、不特定多数の人の触れるいろいろな物品、例えば、書籍、雑誌類、ノート、パンフレット、記録用紙、印刷や加工される前の紙類の防汚・抗菌処理、表紙への密着カバーフィルムや被覆カバー類など、また、食材や食品などの細菌類の汚染が懸念される食料品などの包装材や、ラップ類などの保存用被覆材などに対する防汚・抗菌処理用や殺菌処理用としても使用できる。   Also, in everyday life, various articles that are touched by an unspecified number of people, such as books, magazines, notebooks, pamphlets, recording paper, antifouling and antibacterial treatment of paper before printing and processing, cover Antifouling / antibacterial treatment and sterilization for adhesive cover films and coverings, packaging materials such as foods and foodstuffs that are likely to be contaminated with bacteria such as food, and preservative coating materials such as wraps It can also be used for processing.

さらに、別の実施の態様として、海中に浸漬する建造物や部材などの合成樹脂成型物や、魚網や隔離用網などに合成繊維が使用されているが、それらの場合には上記したような基材の表面を本発明の防汚・抗菌剤で塗装、噴霧または含浸する方法のみでなく、それらの合成樹脂成型製品や合成繊維製品中に本発明の防汚・抗菌剤を従来公知の押出し成型機、射出成型機、インフレーション成型機、溶融紡糸機などの混練成型加工機で内添する方法も優れた方法である。それらの基材樹脂に適合する防汚・抗菌剤をマスターバッチ化したり、紡糸液に適合する防汚・抗菌剤の分散液として使用することも好ましい。   Furthermore, as another embodiment, synthetic fibers are used in synthetic resin moldings such as buildings and members immersed in the sea, fish nets, isolation nets, etc. In such cases, as described above In addition to the method of coating, spraying or impregnating the surface of the base material with the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention, the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention is applied to the synthetic resin molded product or synthetic fiber product by a conventionally known extrusion method. An internal method using a kneading molding machine such as a molding machine, an injection molding machine, an inflation molding machine, or a melt spinning machine is also an excellent method. It is also preferable to use an antifouling / antibacterial agent suitable for the base resin as a master batch or to use as a dispersion of the antifouling / antibacterial agent suitable for the spinning solution.

防汚・抗菌処理をする素材、物品は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、合成樹脂成型品、金属製品、木材製品、スレートボード、繊維、不織布紙などが挙げられる。合成樹脂素材としてはポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、合成ゴム、ポリスチレン樹脂、ABS樹脂、ナイロン樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂などの公知の樹脂が挙げられる。合成繊維素材としては、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、ポリアクリロニトリル繊維、ナイロン繊維、ポリエステル繊維などの公知の繊維が挙げられる。   The materials and articles for antifouling and antibacterial treatment are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include synthetic resin molded products, metal products, wood products, slate boards, fibers, and non-woven paper. Examples of the synthetic resin material include known resins such as polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, synthetic rubber, polystyrene resin, ABS resin, nylon resin, polyester resin, and polycarbonate resin. Examples of the synthetic fiber material include known fibers such as polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, nylon fiber, and polyester fiber.

次に実施例および比較例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。なお、文中、「部」または「%」とあるのは質量基準である。   Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. In the text, “part” or “%” is based on mass.

[合成例1]
加熱装置としてのウオーターバス、撹拌機、液滴下装置および逆流冷却器を備えた反応装置を準備し、反応容器にスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム−(N−メトキシメチル)アクリルアミド共重合体(モル比;80:20)(以下「酸性重合体−1」と称する。)20%水溶液94.0gを仕込み、イオン交換水を加えて500gとした。撹拌しつつ、合成非晶質シリカの微粉(吸油量:250ml/g)34.2gを添加し、均一に分散した。別にモノ(テトラデシル)ジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド(以下「アンモニウム塩酸塩−1」と称する。)の10%水溶液294gをほぼ30分間かけて滴下した。
[Synthesis Example 1]
A reactor equipped with a water bath, a stirrer, a droplet dropping device and a back-flow cooler as a heating device was prepared, and sodium styrenesulfonate- (N-methoxymethyl) acrylamide copolymer (molar ratio; 80: 20) (hereinafter referred to as “acidic polymer-1”) 94.0 g of a 20% aqueous solution was charged, and ion exchange water was added to make 500 g. While stirring, 34.2 g of fine powder of synthetic amorphous silica (oil absorption: 250 ml / g) was added and dispersed uniformly. Separately, 294 g of a 10% aqueous solution of mono (tetradecyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride (hereinafter referred to as “ammonium hydrochloride-1”) was added dropwise over approximately 30 minutes.

反応液は滴下が進むにつれて白濁分散液に、さらに微粒子分散液となった。そのまま30分間撹拌を続けた。次いで白色の分散液を加熱して70℃に昇温し、30分間撹拌を続けた。反応液を常温に冷却し、ろ過、水洗した。ろ過ケーキを80℃にて一晩乾燥した。さらに130℃にて30分間加熱して、重合体のメトキシメチル基を架橋させた。モノ(テトラデシル)ジメチルベンジルアンモニウム・アクリル酸共重合体塩の架橋物をシリカ表面に固着させた防汚・抗菌剤を74.0g得た。以下「防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1」と称する。   As the dropping proceeded, the reaction solution became a cloudy dispersion and further became a fine particle dispersion. Stirring was continued for 30 minutes. The white dispersion was then heated to 70 ° C. and stirring was continued for 30 minutes. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, filtered and washed with water. The filter cake was dried at 80 ° C. overnight. Furthermore, it heated at 130 degreeC for 30 minute (s), and the methoxymethyl group of the polymer was bridge | crosslinked. 74.0 g of an antifouling / antibacterial agent having a cross-linked product of mono (tetradecyl) dimethylbenzylammonium / acrylic acid copolymer salt fixed on the silica surface was obtained. Hereinafter referred to as “antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-1”.

Figure 0005320008
Figure 0005320008

[参考合成例1]
表1のアンモニウム塩酸塩−4は下記の方法で合成した。
ジ(N−ヒドロキシエチル)ココアルキルメチルアンモニウム塩酸塩の水酸基に2倍モルのイソホロンジイソシアネートを反応させ、第4級アンモニウム塩を有するイソシアネート誘導体を得た。別に、3−エチルアミノ−4−メチルフェノールにラウリルオキシポリ(15)オキシエチレングリシジルエーテルを反応させて水酸基を有する誘導体とした。次いで上記のイソシアネート誘導体と反応させ、クレゾール基とラウリルオキシポリオキシエチレン基をウレタン鎖で結合した「第4級アンモニウム塩酸塩−4」を得た。
[Reference Synthesis Example 1]
Ammonium hydrochloride-4 in Table 1 was synthesized by the following method.
The hydroxyl group of di (N-hydroxyethyl) cocoalkylmethylammonium hydrochloride was reacted with 2-fold mol of isophorone diisocyanate to obtain an isocyanate derivative having a quaternary ammonium salt. Separately, lauryloxypoly (15) oxyethylene glycidyl ether was reacted with 3-ethylamino-4-methylphenol to obtain a derivative having a hydroxyl group. Subsequently, it was made to react with said isocyanate derivative, and the "quaternary ammonium hydrochloride-4" which combined the cresol group and the lauryloxy polyoxyethylene group with the urethane chain was obtained.

同様にして、上記のイソシアネート誘導体に水酸基、アミノ基、カルボキシル基などの反応性基を有する他の長鎖アルキルフェノール類、長鎖アルキルアニリン類、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体、フォスファチジルコリンなどの防汚・抗菌性化合物を反応させることによって本発明に使用することができるそれぞれの防汚・抗菌性基を有する第4級アンモニウム塩酸塩を得た。   In the same manner, the above-mentioned isocyanate derivatives have other anti-fouling properties such as other long-chain alkylphenols, long-chain alkylanilines, polyoxyethylene derivatives, phosphatidylcholines and the like having reactive groups such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, and carboxyl groups. By reacting with an antibacterial compound, quaternary ammonium hydrochlorides having respective antifouling and antibacterial groups that can be used in the present invention were obtained.

Figure 0005320008
Figure 0005320008

[合成例2〜6]
合成例1と同様にして、表3に示す仕込み量に従い、反応容器にそれぞれの酸性重合体を仕込み、合成非晶質シリカを均一に分散させて後、それぞれのアンモニウム塩酸塩の水溶液を滴下し、反応させた。反応後、常温に冷却し、10%酢酸水溶液にpHを5にし、ろ過、水洗した。ろ過ケーキを80℃にて一晩乾燥し、さらに150℃にて30分間加熱して、重合体のメトキシメチル基を架橋させた。第4級アンモニウムカチオン・酸性共重合体塩の架橋物をシリカ表面に固着させた防汚・抗菌剤を得た。表3の第11欄に生成物の収量を、また第12欄に「防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩」の呼称を示した。以下、同様である。
[Synthesis Examples 2 to 6]
In the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, according to the charging amounts shown in Table 3, each acidic polymer was charged into the reaction vessel, and the synthetic amorphous silica was uniformly dispersed, and then an aqueous solution of each ammonium hydrochloride was dropped. , Reacted. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, adjusted to pH 5 with 10% aqueous acetic acid, filtered and washed with water. The filter cake was dried at 80 ° C. overnight and further heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to crosslink the methoxymethyl groups of the polymer. An antifouling / antibacterial agent was obtained in which a crosslinked product of a quaternary ammonium cation / acidic copolymer salt was fixed to the silica surface. The yield of the product is shown in the 11th column of Table 3, and the name of “antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt” is shown in the 12th column. The same applies hereinafter.

Figure 0005320008
Figure 0005320008

[合成例7]
表5に示す仕込み量に従い、予め合成非晶質シリカに表4に記載の網状化剤のアルコール溶液を均一に吸着させ、アルコールを乾燥させて、網状化剤で処理をした非晶質シリカを準備した。
[Synthesis Example 7]
According to the charged amount shown in Table 5, the alcohol solution of the reticulating agent described in Table 4 was uniformly adsorbed on the synthetic amorphous silica in advance, the alcohol was dried, and the amorphous silica treated with the reticulating agent was removed. Got ready.

次いで合成例1と同様にして、表5に示す仕込み量に従い、反応容器にそれぞれの酸性重合体を仕込み、上記で得た網状化剤で処理をしたシリカを均一に分散させた後、それぞれのアンモニウム塩酸塩の水溶液を滴下し、反応させた。反応後、常温に冷し、酢酸水溶液を添加してpHを5にして未反応のナトリウム塩をカルボン酸基にした。ろ過、水洗した後、ろ過ケーキを80℃にて一晩乾燥し、さらに150℃にて30分間加熱して、重合体のカルボン酸基を網状化剤のグリシジル基あるいはブトキシメチル基と反応させ、重合体を網状化させた。第4級アンモニウムカチオン・酸性共重合体塩の架橋物をシリカ表面に固着させた防汚・抗菌剤を得た。   Next, in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, each acidic polymer was charged into the reaction vessel according to the charging amount shown in Table 5, and the silica treated with the reticulating agent obtained above was uniformly dispersed. An aqueous solution of ammonium hydrochloride was dropped and reacted. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, an aqueous acetic acid solution was added to adjust the pH to 5, and the unreacted sodium salt was converted into a carboxylic acid group. After filtration and washing with water, the filter cake is dried overnight at 80 ° C. and further heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to react the carboxylic acid group of the polymer with the glycidyl group or butoxymethyl group of the reticulating agent, The polymer was reticulated. An antifouling / antibacterial agent was obtained in which a crosslinked product of a quaternary ammonium cation / acidic copolymer salt was fixed to the silica surface.

Figure 0005320008
Figure 0005320008

Figure 0005320008
Figure 0005320008

[合成例9]
合成例1と同様にして、反応容器にドデシル硫酸エステルナトリウム(以下「酸性化合物−1」と称する。)の10%水溶液115.4g(0.04モル)および酸性重合体−3の10%水溶液62.6g(カルボン酸0.03g当量)を仕込み、イオン交換水822gを加えて1,000gとした。次いで撹拌しつつ、合成非晶質シリカの微粉31.8gを均一に分散した。別にアンモニウム塩酸塩−2の20%水溶液133g(0.07モル)を滴下し、反応させた。反応後、常温に冷し、酢酸水溶液でpHを5にして、ろ過、水洗した後、ろ過ケーキを80℃にて一晩乾燥した。さらに150℃にて30分間加熱して、重合体のメトキシメチル基を架橋させた。第4級アンモニウムカチオン・酸性共重合体塩の架橋物をシリカ表面に固着させた防汚・抗菌剤を得た。以下、「防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−9」と称する。
[Synthesis Example 9]
In the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, 115.4 g (0.04 mol) of a 10% aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate ester (hereinafter referred to as “acidic compound-1”) and a 10% aqueous solution of acidic polymer-3 in a reaction vessel. 62.6 g (0.03 g equivalent of carboxylic acid) was charged, and 822 g of ion-exchanged water was added to make 1,000 g. Next, 31.8 g of fine powder of synthetic amorphous silica was uniformly dispersed while stirring. Separately, 133 g (0.07 mol) of a 20% aqueous solution of ammonium hydrochloride-2 was dropped and reacted. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, adjusted to pH 5 with an acetic acid aqueous solution, filtered, washed with water, and then the filter cake was dried at 80 ° C. overnight. Furthermore, it heated at 150 degreeC for 30 minute (s), and the methoxymethyl group of the polymer was bridge | crosslinked. An antifouling / antibacterial agent was obtained in which a crosslinked product of a quaternary ammonium cation / acidic copolymer salt was fixed to the silica surface. Hereinafter, it is referred to as “antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-9”.

[合成例10、11]
合成例9と同様にして、表に示す仕込み量に従い、反応容器にそれぞれの酸性重合体および酸性化合物の水溶液を仕込み、合成非晶質シリカを均一に分散させて後、それぞれのアンモニウム塩酸塩の水溶液を滴下し、反応させた。反応後、常温に冷却し、ろ過、水洗した。ろ過ケーキを乾燥した後、150℃にて30分間加熱して、重合体のメトキシメチル基を架橋させた。第4級アンモニウムカチオン・酸性化合物塩架橋物をシリカ表面に固着させた防汚・抗菌剤を得た。
[Synthesis Examples 10 and 11]
In the same manner as in Synthesis Example 9, according to the amounts shown in Table 7 , each acidic polymer and acidic compound aqueous solution were charged into the reaction vessel, and the synthetic amorphous silica was uniformly dispersed, and then each ammonium hydrochloride An aqueous solution of was added dropwise and reacted. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered and washed with water. The filter cake was dried and then heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to crosslink the methoxymethyl group of the polymer. An antifouling and antibacterial agent having a quaternary ammonium cation / acidic compound salt cross-linked product fixed on the silica surface was obtained.

Figure 0005320008
Figure 0005320008

Figure 0005320008
Figure 0005320008

[合成例12]
(1)防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム単量体−1の合成
合成例1と同様な反応装置にスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム10%水溶液330gにハイドロキノンを500ppmを仕込んだ。合成例1と同様に操作して、アンモニウム塩酸塩−3の20%水溶液290gを滴下し、反応させた。反応後、沈殿をろ過、水洗し、濾過ケーキを低温乾燥した。反応生成物として第4級アンモニウムカチオン・スチレンスルホン酸塩79.9gを得た。以下、「防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム単量体−1」と称する。
[Synthesis Example 12]
(1) Synthesis of Antifouling and Antibacterial Ammonium Monomer-1 In a reaction apparatus similar to Synthesis Example 1, 500 ppm of hydroquinone was charged into 330 g of a 10% aqueous solution of sodium styrenesulfonate. In the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, 290 g of a 20% aqueous solution of ammonium hydrochloride-3 was dropped and reacted. After the reaction, the precipitate was filtered and washed with water, and the filter cake was dried at low temperature. As a reaction product, 79.9 g of a quaternary ammonium cation / styrene sulfonate was obtained. Hereinafter, it is referred to as “antifouling / antibacterial ammonium monomer-1”.

(2)(防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩重合体の合成)
ウオーターバス、撹拌機、モノマー滴下装置、試薬投入口、逆流冷却器および窒素ガス吹込み口を備えた重合反応装置を準備し、重合容器に水433g、および分散安定剤としてポリビニルアルコール23gを仕込み、溶解させた。次いでモノマーとしてスチレン62.5g、上記(1)で得られた防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩単量体−1を76.5g、ジビニルベンゼン13.0gおよびアゾビスイソブチロニトリル4.56gを混合して、添加し、窒素ガス気流下、70〜80℃で7時間懸濁重合を行った。重合体粒子をろ過、水洗、乾燥して「防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−12」を149g得た。
(2) (Synthesis of antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt polymer)
A polymerization reactor equipped with a water bath, a stirrer, a monomer dropping device, a reagent inlet, a backflow cooler, and a nitrogen gas inlet was prepared, and charged with 433 g of water in a polymerization vessel and 23 g of polyvinyl alcohol as a dispersion stabilizer, Dissolved. Next, 62.5 g of styrene as a monomer, 76.5 g of the antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt monomer-1 obtained in (1) above, 13.0 g of divinylbenzene and 4.56 g of azobisisobutyronitrile were mixed. Then, suspension polymerization was performed at 70 to 80 ° C. for 7 hours under a nitrogen gas stream. The polymer particles were filtered, washed with water and dried to obtain 149 g of “antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-12”.

[合成例13](防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩単量体−2の合成)
合成例1と同様な反応装置にアクリル酸ナトリウム10%水溶液94.1gとハイドロキノンを100ppmを仕込んだ。合成例1と同様に操作して、アンモニウム塩酸塩−3の20%水溶液181gを滴下し、反応させた。そのまま30分間撹拌を続けた後、反応液を常温に冷却し、油状生成物を分液した。水を加え、振とうして水洗をした。反応生成物として第4級アンモニウムカチオン・アクリル酸塩40.3gを得た。以下、「防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム単量体−2」と称する。
[Synthesis Example 13] (Synthesis of antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt monomer-2)
A reaction apparatus similar to that of Synthesis Example 1 was charged with 94.1 g of a 10% aqueous solution of sodium acrylate and 100 ppm of hydroquinone. In the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, 181 g of a 20% aqueous solution of ammonium hydrochloride-3 was dropped and reacted. Stirring was continued for 30 minutes as it was, and then the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature to separate an oily product. Water was added and washed with water by shaking. As a reaction product, 40.3 g of a quaternary ammonium cation / acrylate was obtained. Hereinafter, it is referred to as “antifouling / antibacterial ammonium monomer-2”.

[合成例14]
合成例1と同様にして、反応容器にスチレン−マレイン酸モノプロピルエステル・モノナトリウム塩共重合体(モル比;50:50、「酸性重合体−7」と称する。)の10%水溶液453g(カルボン酸のグラム当量;0.15グラム当量)を仕込んだ。合成非晶質シリカ35.7gを均一に分散させて後、アンモニウム塩酸塩−3の20%水溶液163g(0.09モル)の水溶液を滴下し、反応させ、共重合体のカルボン酸の約60%をアンモニウム塩とした。反応後、10%酢酸水溶液36gを添加してpHを5にし、ろ過、水洗した。ろ過ケーキを乾燥し、カルボン酸基が残存するスチレン−マレイン酸モノプロピルエステル共重合体の部分アンモニウム塩105gを得た。以下「防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−13」と称する。
[Synthesis Example 14]
In the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, 453 g of a 10% aqueous solution of styrene-maleic acid monopropyl ester / monosodium salt copolymer (molar ratio; 50:50, referred to as “acidic polymer-7”) was added to the reaction vessel. Gram equivalent of carboxylic acid; 0.15 gram equivalent). After uniformly dispersing 35.7 g of synthetic amorphous silica, an aqueous solution of 163 g (0.09 mol) of a 20% aqueous solution of ammonium hydrochloride-3 was dropped and reacted to give about 60 of the carboxylic acid of the copolymer. % Was ammonium salt. After the reaction, 36 g of a 10% aqueous acetic acid solution was added to adjust the pH to 5, followed by filtration and washing with water. The filter cake was dried to obtain 105 g of a partial ammonium salt of a styrene-maleic acid monopropyl ester copolymer in which carboxylic acid groups remain. Hereinafter, it is referred to as “antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-13”.

[実施例1](防汚性塗装板の調製)
合成例で得られた防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩の海洋水棲生物防汚剤としての性能を評価するために防汚性塗装板を調製する。合成例1で得られた防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1を50gと下記の固着用塩化ビニル−ビニルイソブチルエーテル共重合体(BASF社製、商品名ラロフレックスMP35)25g/ロジン25g(荒川化学工業社製、商品名ロジンWW)混合樹脂の酢酸ブチル溶液100g(固形分50%)と混合(固形分質量比;1:1)した。
[Example 1] (Preparation of antifouling coated plate)
In order to evaluate the performance of the antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt obtained in the synthesis example as a marine aquatic biological antifouling agent, an antifouling coated plate is prepared. 50 g of the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 25 g of the following fixing vinyl chloride-vinyl isobutyl ether copolymer (BASF, trade name Laroflex MP35) / 25 g of rosin (Arakawa Chemical) A butyl acetate solution 100 g (solid content 50%) of a mixed resin (trade name, rosin WW) mixed by Kogyo Co., Ltd. (solid content mass ratio; 1: 1) was mixed.

そこへ酢酸ブチル183gを加え、固形分30%に調整した後、防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1を分散させ、防汚塗料を調製した。防錆処理を施した試験用鋼板の周囲の上下左右および中央に境界を作り、それぞれ約1cmの幅でエポキシ系下塗り塗料を塗布し、保護面との境界を作った。その下半分に上記の防汚塗料を厚く塗布して常温下で10日間乾燥した。塗膜の厚みはほぼ110〜130μmであった。上半分は下記比較例1で示すように比較用の塩化ビニル−ビニルイソブチルエーテル共重合体/ロジン樹脂を塗布した。得られた塗板は、以下防汚性塗装板−1と称する。   After adding 183 g of butyl acetate and adjusting the solid content to 30%, antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-1 was dispersed to prepare an antifouling paint. Borders were created on the top, bottom, left, right, and center of the test steel sheet that had been subjected to rust prevention treatment, and an epoxy-based primer was applied in a width of about 1 cm to create a boundary with the protective surface. The antifouling paint was thickly applied to the lower half and dried at room temperature for 10 days. The thickness of the coating film was approximately 110 to 130 μm. The upper half was coated with a comparative vinyl chloride-vinyl isobutyl ether copolymer / rosin resin as shown in Comparative Example 1 below. The obtained coated plate is hereinafter referred to as antifouling coated plate-1.

また、上記の試験用鋼板はテストパネル社製の中目両面サンドプラスト鋼板(幅×長さ×厚さ:70×150×1mm)に、タールエポキシ系の下塗り塗料を乾燥後で約150μmで塗布し、風乾して準備した。   The test steel plate is applied to a medium-sized double-sided sand plast steel plate (width x length x thickness: 70 x 150 x 1 mm) manufactured by Test Panel Co., Ltd., and a tar epoxy base coat is applied at about 150 μm after drying. And prepared by air drying.

[比較例1]
実施例1で調製した各塗板上の区分した上半分に、防汚性能の比較のために実施例1に記載の塩化ビニル−ビニルイソブチルエーテル共重合体/ロジン樹脂塗料を塗布し、常温下で10日間乾燥した。塗膜の厚みはほぼ110〜130μmであった。実施例2においても同様に上下に分けて塗布し、比較した。
[Comparative Example 1]
For comparison of antifouling performance, the vinyl chloride-vinylisobutyl ether copolymer / rosin resin paint described in Example 1 was applied to the upper half of each coated plate prepared in Example 1 at room temperature. Dried for 10 days. The thickness of the coating film was approximately 110 to 130 μm. In Example 2 as well, it was applied separately in the upper and lower directions and compared.

[実施例2](防汚性塗装板の調製)
実施例1で述べた塗料の調製方法および塗装方法に従い、合成例2から12で得られた防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−2〜防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−12を使用し、防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩と固着用塩化ビニル−ビニルイソブチルエーテル共重合体/ロジン樹脂(固形分質量比;1:1)とを組み合わせた塗料を作成して下半分に塗装し、上半分には比較例1の塗料を塗布して、防汚性塗装板−2〜防汚性塗装板−12を調製した。膜厚はほぼ110〜130μmであった。
[Example 2] (Preparation of antifouling coated plate)
In accordance with the paint preparation method and the coating method described in Example 1, the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-2 to antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-12 obtained in Synthesis Examples 2 to 12 were used. A paint combining an antibacterial ammonium salt and a fixing vinyl chloride-vinyl isobutyl ether copolymer / rosin resin (solids mass ratio; 1: 1) was prepared and applied to the lower half, and the upper half was a comparative example. 1 paint was applied to prepare antifouling coating plate-2 to antifouling coating plate-12. The film thickness was approximately 110 to 130 μm.

[試験方法および塗装鋼板浸漬試験結果]
(1)試験方法
試験用塗装鋼板の海水浸漬試験は内湾の比較的海水流の少ない、幼魚の成育場に隣接する場所で、魚の餌が投与されることから栄養分の多い環境である。水温は凡そ25〜28℃、COD濃度は4〜10mg/Lを示した。COD濃度については瀬戸内海の比較的海水の奇麗なところで、1〜2mg/L、港の中など水の色が緑から黄色に見えるところでは3〜5mg/Lと言われている。実施例1および2、および比較例1で調製した塗装した試験用鋼板をポリ塩化ビニル製の枠に上下固定して吊るした。ポリ塩化ビニル製製枠を海面より1〜2mの深さに浸漬した。6週間にわたって1週間ごとに試験用鋼板を上げて試験用鋼板の上半分、下半分のフジツボの付着状態を観察し、状態の変化を評価した。
[Test method and coated steel plate immersion test results]
(1) Test method The seawater immersion test of the coated steel sheet for the test is an environment with a high nutrient content because fish food is administered in a place adjacent to the young fish breeding ground in the inner bay with relatively little seawater flow. The water temperature was about 25 to 28 ° C., and the COD concentration was 4 to 10 mg / L. The COD concentration is said to be 1 to 2 mg / L at relatively beautiful seawater in the Seto Inland Sea, and 3 to 5 mg / L when the color of water looks green to yellow, such as in a harbor. The coated steel plates for test prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 were suspended and fixed to a frame made of polyvinyl chloride. A frame made of polyvinyl chloride was immersed to a depth of 1 to 2 m from the sea surface. The test steel plate was raised every week for 6 weeks, and the adhesion state of the upper and lower half barnacles was observed, and the change in the state was evaluated.

(2)状態観察の結果および評価
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩を使用していない塗板がフジツボの付着は時間と共に進み塗板に強固に付着して脱落しなかったのに対し、防汚性塗装板−1〜防汚性塗装板−12のいずれもフジツボの付着が著しく遅くなることが認められ、本発明の塗装材が、徐放性防汚塗料としての機能を有していると判断された。
(2) State observation results and evaluation The antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt coating plate did not fall off as the adhesion of the barnacle progressed over time and did not fall off. It was recognized that the adhesion of barnacles was remarkably slow in any of -1 to antifouling coating plate-12, and the coating material of the present invention was judged to have a function as a sustained release antifouling coating. .

[実施例3](抗菌性試験)
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1〜防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−12の抗菌性を以下に示すシェーク法(抗菌製品技術協議会試験法1999年度版)に準じて試験を実施し、抗菌性を確認した。ニュートリエントブロス液体培地で37℃、16時間前培養した菌液を1000倍希釈して試験菌液とし、これを滅菌コップに10mlと各試料(10ppm)入れ、37℃、24時間振とう培養(振幅30mm、150rpm)した培養液について混釈平板法により生菌数を測定した。
[Example 3] (Antimicrobial test)
Antibacterial and antibacterial ammonium salt-1 to antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt-12 are tested for antibacterial properties according to the following shake method (Antibacterial Products Technology Council Test Method 1999 version). It was confirmed. The bacterial solution pre-cultured at 37 ° C. for 16 hours in a nutrient broth liquid medium was diluted 1000 times to obtain a test bacterial solution, and 10 ml and each sample (10 ppm) were placed in a sterilized cup and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C. for 24 hours ( The viable cell count was measured by the pour plate method for the culture solution having an amplitude of 30 mm and 150 rpm.

比較例として試験菌液のみの培養も行った。大腸菌(Escherichia coli)の試験菌液中の生菌数が1.1×107個/mlおよび黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)の試験菌液中の生菌数が5.2×106個/mlを使用した抗菌試験の結果は、比較例ではそれぞれ生菌数2.4×109個/ml、1.3×109個/ml、各試料では生菌数が103個/ml以下となり、抑制率はそれぞれ99.9999%を示した。 As a comparative example, only the test bacterial solution was cultured. The number of viable cells in the test bacterial solution of Escherichia coli is 1.1 × 10 7 cells / ml and the number of viable cells in the test cell solution of Staphylococcus aureus is 5.2 × 10 6 cells / ml. ml results of antibacterial test using each viable cell number 2.4 × 10 9 pieces /Ml,1.3×10 9 pieces in Comparative examples / ml, in each sample viable count 10 3 cells / ml or less The suppression rate was 99.9999%.

[実施例4](抗菌性試験)
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩の抗菌剤としての性能を評価するために抗菌性コーティング剤を調製した。防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1〜−12をそれぞれ30gと下記の合成参考例2で得られた固着用アクリル共重合体溶液−1の150g(固形分40%)と混合した。酢酸ブチル45gを加え、防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩を分散させた。次いで酢酸ブチル75gを添加し、十分に分散し、固形分30%の抗菌性コーティング剤を調製した。ポリエチレンフィルムに上記の抗菌性コーティング剤を塗布して常温で乾燥後、70℃にて十分乾燥した。塗膜の厚みはほぼ50〜70μmであった。このフィルムの抗菌性を「JIS Z 2801」フィルム密着法により確認した。
[Example 4] (Antimicrobial test)
An antibacterial coating agent was prepared to evaluate the antibacterial and antibacterial ammonium salt performance as an antibacterial agent. Antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salts-1 to -12 were mixed with 30 g each and 150 g (solid content 40%) of the acrylic copolymer solution-1 for fixing obtained in Synthesis Reference Example 2 below. 45 g of butyl acetate was added to disperse the antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt. Next, 75 g of butyl acetate was added and sufficiently dispersed to prepare an antibacterial coating agent having a solid content of 30%. The above antibacterial coating agent was applied to a polyethylene film, dried at room temperature, and then sufficiently dried at 70 ° C. The thickness of the coating film was approximately 50 to 70 μm. The antibacterial properties of this film were confirmed by the “JIS Z 2801” film adhesion method.

(供試菌株)
・グラム陰性菌:大腸菌(Escherichia coli NBRC 3972)
・グラム陽性菌:黄色ブドウ球菌(staphylococcus aureus NBRC 12732)
(試験方法)JIS Z 2801に準じた。
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1を塗布した抗菌性フィルムの試験片(50×50mm)を滅菌シャーレ中に置き、試料面上に生菌数を調整した前培養液を0.2ml接種し、ポリエチレンフィルム(40×40mm)で被覆して、35℃、相対湿度90%以上で24時間培養した後、SCDLP培地で菌を洗い出し、生菌数を混釈平板法で測定した。接種菌液の栄養分には1/500(大腸菌)および1/20(黄色ブドウ球菌)希釈のニュートリエントプロス液体培地を使用し、無添加ポリエチレンフィルムと比較して、JIS指定の計算式で抗菌活性値が2.0以上の試料を抗菌性があると判定した。抗菌性(試験結果)試験結果を表に示す。全てのサンプルにおいて、大腸菌および黄色ブドウ球菌に対する抑制率は99.9999%、抗菌活性値が2.0以上になり、良好な抗菌性が確認された。
(Test strain)
・ Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli NBRC 3972
・ Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 12732
(Test method) According to JIS Z 2801.
Place a test piece (50 × 50 mm) of an antibacterial film coated with antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-1 in a sterile petri dish and inoculate 0.2 ml of the preculture solution with the adjusted viable count on the sample surface, After coating with a polyethylene film (40 × 40 mm) and culturing at 35 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% or more for 24 hours, the bacteria were washed out with the SCDLP medium, and the viable cell count was measured by the pour plate method. Nutrient Pros liquid medium diluted 1/500 (Escherichia coli) and 1/20 (S. aureus) is used as nutrients for the inoculum, and antibacterial activity is calculated according to the formula specified by JIS, compared to polyethylene film without additive A sample having a value of 2.0 or more was determined to be antibacterial. Tables 8 and 9 show the antibacterial (test result) test results. In all samples, the inhibition rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 99.9999%, and the antibacterial activity value was 2.0 or more, confirming good antibacterial properties.

Figure 0005320008
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−2〜−12のフィルムも同様に生菌数は103(個/ml)以下を示し、抗菌活性値は6.4以上を示した。
Figure 0005320008
Similarly, the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-2 to -12 film showed a viable count of 10 3 (cells / ml) or less, and an antibacterial activity value of 6.4 or more.

Figure 0005320008
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−2〜−12のフィルムも同様に生菌数は103(個/ml)以下を示し、抗菌活性値は6.1以上を示した。
Figure 0005320008
Similarly, the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-2 to -12 film showed a viable count of 10 3 (cells / ml) or less, and an antibacterial activity value of 6.1 or more.

[合成参考例2](固着用アクリル共重合体の重合)
上記で使用した固着用アクリル共重合体溶液−1は以下のようにして合成した。実施例12(2)で使用したと同様な重合装置を準備し、重合容器にキシレン−n−ブタノール混合溶媒(75:25)150部を仕込んだ。別にメタクリル酸メチル(MMA)35部、メタクリル酸ブチル(BMA)45部、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)15部およびアクリル酸(AAc)5部の混合液の1/3量およびt−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート1.5部を仕込んだ。重合容器を窒素ガス気流下で90℃に加熱し、2時間重合反応させ、さらに残余のモノマーの混合液を2時間にわたって滴下し、6時間反応して得た(固形分:40%)。
[Synthesis Reference Example 2] (Polymerization of fixing acrylic copolymer)
The fixing acrylic copolymer solution-1 used above was synthesized as follows. A polymerization apparatus similar to that used in Example 12 (2) was prepared, and 150 parts of a xylene-n-butanol mixed solvent (75:25) was charged into the polymerization vessel. Separately, 1/3 amount of a mixed solution of 35 parts of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 45 parts of butyl methacrylate (BMA), 15 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 5 parts of acrylic acid (AAc) and t-butyl per 1.5 parts of oxy-2-ethylhexanoate was charged. The polymerization vessel was heated to 90 ° C. under a nitrogen gas stream to cause a polymerization reaction for 2 hours, and the remaining monomer mixture was dropped over 2 hours and reacted for 6 hours (solid content: 40%).

[実施例5](抗菌性試験)
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩の抗菌剤としての性能を評価するために抗菌性コーティング剤を調製した。防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−13(カルボキシル基を有するスチレン−マレイン酸モノプロピルエステル共重合体の部分アンモニウム塩のシリカ吸着粉末)40部、下記の合成参考例3で得られた固着用アクリル共重合体溶液−2(固形分40%)160g、ヘキサ(メトキシメチル)メラミンのメタノール溶液(固形分50%)32g、エチルセロソルブ−エタノール混合溶剤(50:50)168gを配合し、十分に混合し、同時に防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩はシリカ表面から溶液中に溶出させ、固形分30%の抗菌性コーティング剤を調製した。
[Example 5] (Antimicrobial test)
An antibacterial coating agent was prepared to evaluate the antibacterial and antibacterial ammonium salt performance as an antibacterial agent. Antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt-13 (silica adsorbed powder of a partial ammonium salt of a styrene-maleic acid monopropyl ester copolymer having a carboxyl group), an acrylic copolymer for fixing obtained in Synthesis Reference Example 3 below Polymer solution-2 (solid content 40%) 160 g, hexa (methoxymethyl) melamine methanol solution (solid content 50%) 32 g, ethyl cellosolve-ethanol mixed solvent (50:50) 168 g were mixed and mixed thoroughly. At the same time, the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt was eluted from the silica surface into the solution to prepare an antibacterial coating agent having a solid content of 30%.

ABS樹脂製の成型板に上記の抗菌性コーティング剤をスプレー塗装して常温で乾燥後、120℃にて加熱し、抗菌性重合体を含む塗膜を硬化させた。塗膜の厚みはほぼ50μmであった。このコーティングされた成型板の抗菌性を実施例4と同様に「JIS Z 2801」フィルム密着法により確認した。大腸菌および黄色ブドウ球菌の抗菌試験の結果は、いずれも抗菌活性値が2.0以上になり、防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−13を塗布したABS樹脂製の成型板の抗菌性が確認された。   The antibacterial coating agent was spray-coated on a molded plate made of ABS resin, dried at room temperature, and then heated at 120 ° C. to cure the coating film containing the antibacterial polymer. The thickness of the coating film was approximately 50 μm. The antibacterial property of the coated molded plate was confirmed by the “JIS Z 2801” film adhesion method in the same manner as in Example 4. As a result of the antibacterial test of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the antibacterial activity value was 2.0 or more, and the antibacterial property of the ABS resin molded plate coated with antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt-13 was confirmed. .

[合成参考例3](固着用アクリル共重合体の重合)
上記で使用した固着用アクリル共重合体溶液−2は合成参考例2のアクリル共重合体の重合反応と同様にして合成した。エチルセロソルブ−エタノール混合溶媒(50:50)150部、MMA30部、BMA30部、HEMA15部、N−(メトキシメチル)アクリルアミド10部およびAAc15部およびt−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート1.5部を添加し、重合反応し、固着用アクリル共重合体溶液−2(固形分:40%)を得た。
[Synthesis Reference Example 3] (Polymerization of fixing acrylic copolymer)
The fixing acrylic copolymer solution-2 used above was synthesized in the same manner as the polymerization reaction of the acrylic copolymer of Synthesis Reference Example 2. 150 parts of ethyl cellosolve-ethanol mixed solvent (50:50), 30 parts of MMA, 30 parts of BMA, 15 parts of HEMA, 10 parts of N- (methoxymethyl) acrylamide and 15 parts of AAc and t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate 5 parts were added and a polymerization reaction was carried out to obtain a fixing acrylic copolymer solution-2 (solid content: 40%).

参考例6](紫外線硬化性抗菌性コーティング剤)
紫外線硬化性抗菌性コーティング剤を調製した。無黄変ウレタントリアクリレート(平均分子量2500)40g、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート10g、トリプロピレンジアクリレート20gおよび2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−1−フェニル−プロパン−1−オン4gを配合した。そこへ合成例13で得られた防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム単量体−2を30g添加して、十分混合して調製した。上記の紫外線硬化性抗菌性コーティング剤を塩化ビニル樹脂シートにリバースロールコーターで30μmの膜厚で塗布後、2灯の80w/cmの高圧水銀灯下150mm下をコンベア速度10m/minで照射硬化させた。
[ Reference Example 6] (UV curable antibacterial coating agent)
An ultraviolet curable antibacterial coating agent was prepared. 40 g of non-yellowing urethane triacrylate (average molecular weight 2500), 10 g of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 20 g of tripropylene diacrylate, and 4 g of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one were blended. 30 g of the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium monomer-2 obtained in Synthesis Example 13 was added thereto and mixed well to prepare. The above UV curable antibacterial coating agent was applied to a vinyl chloride resin sheet with a reverse roll coater to a thickness of 30 μm, and then cured by irradiation at 150 m under two 80 w / cm high pressure mercury lamps at a conveyor speed of 10 m / min. .

この塩化ビニル樹脂シートの抗菌性を実施例4と同様に「JIS Z 2801」フィルム密着法により確認した。大腸菌および黄色ブドウ球菌の抗菌試験の結果は、いずれも抗菌活性値が2.0以上になり、紫外線硬化性抗菌性コーティング剤をコーティングした塩化ビニル樹脂シートの抗菌性が確認された。   The antibacterial property of this vinyl chloride resin sheet was confirmed by the “JIS Z 2801” film adhesion method as in Example 4. As a result of the antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the antibacterial activity value was 2.0 or more, and the antibacterial property of the vinyl chloride resin sheet coated with the ultraviolet curable antibacterial coating agent was confirmed.

[実施例7](抗菌性試験)
ポリプロピレン樹脂粉末100部に対し、防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1〜−12をそれぞれ5部添加し、射出成型機で常法に従って抗菌性樹脂プレートを作製した。このポリプロピレンプレートの抗菌性を実施例4と同様に「JIS Z 2801」フィルム密着法により確認した。比較例として無添加のポリプロピレンプレートの試験も行った。大腸菌(Escherichia coli)の試験菌液中の生菌数が2.1×105個/mlおよび黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)の試験菌液中の生菌数が2.9×105個/mlを使用した抗菌試験の結果は、比較例ではそれぞれ生菌数1.2×106個/ml、1.6×105個/mlであり、各試料では生菌数が10個/ml以下であった。抑制率はそれぞれ99.9999%、抗菌活性値が2.0以上になり、防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩添加ポリプロピレンプレートの抗菌性が確認された。
[Example 7] (Antimicrobial test)
5 parts of antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt-1 to -12 were added to 100 parts of the polypropylene resin powder, respectively, and an antibacterial resin plate was prepared by an injection molding machine according to a conventional method. The antibacterial properties of this polypropylene plate were confirmed by the “JIS Z 2801” film adhesion method as in Example 4. As a comparative example, an additive-free polypropylene plate was also tested. The number of viable cells in the test bacterial solution of Escherichia coli is 2.1 × 10 5 cells / ml, and the number of viable cells in the test cell solution of Staphylococcus aureus is 2.9 × 10 5 cells / ml. The results of the antibacterial test using ml were 1.2 × 10 6 cells / ml and 1.6 × 10 5 cells / ml in the comparative examples, respectively, and the number of viable cells in each sample was 10 cells / ml. It was the following. The inhibition rate was 99.9999%, and the antibacterial activity value was 2.0 or more, and the antibacterial property of the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt-added polypropylene plate was confirmed.

[実施例8](防カビ性試験)
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1〜−12の防カビ性を以下に示すコロニー生育度の差により確認した。比較例として、これらの無添加の培地でも試験を行った。試験方法は下記の通りである。カビ増殖培地ポテトデキストロース寒天(PDA)培地に上記の物質を0.1%添加、分散し、直径9cmの滅菌シャーレに分注し、以下に示す5種類のカビ(JIS Z 2911「カビ抵抗性験」指定菌株)を中心部に接種して、25℃で2週間培養した後、コロニー直径を防カビ・抗菌剤の無添加を比較して生育抑制効果を観察した。カビとしては、アスペルギルス・ニゲル(S−1、一般名クロカビ)、ペニシリウス・シトリナム(S−5、一般名アオカビ)、リゾープス・オリゼ(S−1、一般名ケカビ)、グラドスポリウム グラドスポリオイデス(S−8、一般名クロカワカビ)およびケトミウス・グラボスム(S−11)を使用した。防カビ性の評価結果は、コロニーの直径は比較例がほぼ9cmに対して各防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩が0cmであり、防カビ効果が認められた。
[Example 8] (mold prevention test)
The antifouling properties of the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salts-1 to -12 were confirmed by the difference in colony growth shown below. As a comparative example, these non-added media were also tested. The test method is as follows. Mold growth medium Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium was added and dispersed with 0.1% of the above substances, dispensed into a sterile petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm, and the following five types of mold (JIS Z 2911 “Fung resistance test” “Specified strain” was inoculated in the center and cultured at 25 ° C. for 2 weeks, and then the colony diameter was compared with the addition of fungicides and antibacterial agents to observe the growth inhibitory effect. As molds, Aspergillus niger (S-1, generic name black mold), Penicillius citrinum (S-5, common name aokabi), Rhizopus oryzae (S-1, generic name mold fungus), Gradosporium gladsporiides ( S-8, common name Blackkawabi) and Ketomius grabosum (S-11) were used. As a result of the evaluation of the antifungal property, the colony diameter was about 9 cm in the comparative example, and each antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt was 0 cm, and the antifungal effect was recognized.

[実施例9](防カビ性試験)
防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩の防カビ剤としての性能を評価するために塗布板を調製する。防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩−1〜−12をそれぞれ30gと合成参考例4で得られた固着用アクリル共重合体溶液−3を150g(固形分40%)と混合した。酢酸ブチル139gを加え、防汚・抗菌性アンモニウム塩を分散させた。そこへヘキサ(メトキシメチル)メラミン溶液(50%)20gおよび酢酸ブチル66.7gを添加し、十分分散し、固形分30%のそれぞれの抗菌性コーティング剤を調製した。ポリスチレン樹脂板に上記の抗菌性コーティング剤を塗布して常温で乾燥後、120℃にて5分間加熱硬化した。塗膜の厚みはほぼ50〜70μmであった。1cm四方に切断した。
[Example 9] (mold prevention test)
A coated plate is prepared in order to evaluate the performance of the antifouling / antibacterial ammonium salt as an antifungal agent. 30 g of each of the antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salts-1 to -12 and 150 g (solid content 40%) of the fixing acrylic copolymer solution-3 obtained in Synthesis Reference Example 4 were mixed. 139 g of butyl acetate was added to disperse the antifouling and antibacterial ammonium salt. Thereto, 20 g of hexa (methoxymethyl) melamine solution (50%) and 66.7 g of butyl acetate were added and sufficiently dispersed to prepare respective antibacterial coating agents having a solid content of 30%. The above antibacterial coating agent was applied to a polystyrene resin plate, dried at room temperature, and then cured by heating at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes. The thickness of the coating film was approximately 50 to 70 μm. Cut into 1 cm square.

これらをそれぞれ別々の1/4希釈PDA培地の中心に置き、前記の5種類のカビのそれぞれの懸濁液の周辺に0.1ml接種する。25℃で2週間培養後、試料周辺の培地に未繁殖のクリア部分(ハローゾーン)がある試料を防カビ効果のあるものとして確認した。また、比較例として無添加の試料でも試験した。比較例にはハローゾーンがないのに対し、抗菌性コーティング剤を塗布したプレートはハローゾーンを有した。   Each of these is placed in the center of a separate 1/4 diluted PDA medium and 0.1 ml is inoculated around each suspension of the five molds. After culturing at 25 ° C. for 2 weeks, a sample having a non-reproductive clear portion (halo zone) in the medium around the sample was confirmed as having an antifungal effect. As a comparative example, an additive-free sample was also tested. The comparative example did not have a halo zone, whereas the plate coated with the antibacterial coating agent had a halo zone.

[合成参考例4](固着用アクリル共重合体の重合)
上記で使用した固着用アクリル共重合体溶液−3は、合成参考例2のアクリル共重合体の重合反応と同様にして合成した。重合容器にキシレン−n−ブタノール混合溶媒(75:25)150部、MMA35部、BMA35部、HEMA15部、N−(メトキシメチル)アクリルアミド10部、AAc5部およびt−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート1.5部を添加し、重合反応し、固着用アクリル共重合体溶液−3(固形分:40%)を得た。
[Synthesis Reference Example 4] (Polymerization of fixing acrylic copolymer)
The fixing acrylic copolymer solution-3 used above was synthesized in the same manner as the polymerization reaction of the acrylic copolymer of Synthesis Reference Example 2. In a polymerization vessel, xylene-n-butanol mixed solvent (75:25) 150 parts, MMA 35 parts, BMA 35 parts, HEMA 15 parts, N- (methoxymethyl) acrylamide 10 parts, AAc 5 parts and t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexa 1.5 parts of noate was added and a polymerization reaction was carried out to obtain a fixing acrylic copolymer solution-3 (solid content: 40%).

従来から防汚塗料に使用されてきた錫化合物や銅化合物の忌避作用は、それらのイオンが徐々に溶出して水棲生物に作用し、忌避あるいは死滅させる作用である。本発明の防汚・抗菌剤は、防汚・抗菌性を有する第4級アンモニウムカチオンと重合体アニオンとの水難溶性塩あるいはさらに低分子有機酸の水不溶性塩が水中、特に塩水中においても実質的に難溶性であることを利用している。架橋された重合体アニオンの防汚・抗菌性を有するアンモニウム難溶性塩を含有する塗膜は、水中において防汚・抗菌剤を徐々に溶出することで、長期に持続する防汚・抗菌効果をもたらす新規な防汚・抗菌剤である。   The repellent action of tin compounds and copper compounds conventionally used in antifouling paints is the action of those ions eluting gradually and acting on aquatic organisms to repel or kill them. The antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention is effective even when a water-insoluble salt of a quaternary ammonium cation and a polymer anion having antifouling / antibacterial properties or a water-insoluble salt of a low molecular organic acid is in water, particularly in salt water. It is utilized that it is hardly soluble. Anti-fouling and antibacterial ammonium coatings with cross-linked polymer anions have a long-lasting antifouling and antibacterial effect by gradually eluting the antifouling and antibacterial agent in water. It is a new antifouling and antibacterial agent.

本発明の防汚・抗菌剤は、従来の防汚塗料と同様の用途、例えば、海洋航行船舶の海水中に没する船底面や船側面の塗装や海洋魚類の養殖場においても隔離網などの防汚塗料の用途に使用できる。海中に浸漬する建造物や部材などの合成樹脂成型物や、魚網や隔離用網などの合成繊維に対して本発明の防汚・抗菌剤を適用する場合は、基材樹脂に適合するマスターバッチの形態で、また、紡糸液に適合する防汚・抗菌剤の分散液として使用して、合成樹脂製品や合成繊維製品中に本発明の防汚・抗菌剤を内添することもできる。   The antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention is used in the same applications as conventional antifouling paints, for example, painting of the bottom and side of a ship submerged in the seawater of a marine navigation ship and a segregation net in a marine fish farm. Can be used for antifouling paint applications. When applying the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention to synthetic resin moldings such as buildings and parts immersed in the sea, and synthetic fibers such as fish nets and isolation nets, a masterbatch that is compatible with the base resin In addition, the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention can be internally added to a synthetic resin product or a synthetic fiber product by using it as a dispersion of an antifouling / antibacterial agent that is compatible with the spinning solution.

また、本発明の防汚・抗菌剤は、病院、公共施設や公衆便所など多くに人が利用する社会生活上の衛生環境の管理、維持のため、また、建造物や住宅などで洗濯場、洗い場、流し、洗面所、風呂場などの水周り個所などの居住環境におけるカビなどの生物的汚れに適用される。また、日常生活で、不特定多数の人の触れるいろいろな物品の衛生処理として、例えば、書籍、ノート、パンフレット、記録用紙などに直接抗菌処理、それに加工される前の紙類の抗菌処理、表紙への密着カバーフィルムや被覆カバー類など、また、食材や食品などの細菌類の汚染が懸念される食料品などの包装材やラップ類などの保存用被覆材などに対する抗菌処理用や殺菌処理用としても使用できる。   In addition, the antifouling / antibacterial agent of the present invention is used for the management and maintenance of a hygienic environment in social life that is used by many people such as hospitals, public facilities, and public toilets, and also in laundry facilities in buildings and houses, It is applied to biological stains such as mold in the living environment such as washing places, sinks, washrooms, bathrooms and other places around the water. Also, in daily life, as sanitary treatment of various items touched by an unspecified number of people, for example, antibacterial treatment directly on books, notebooks, pamphlets, recording paper, etc., antibacterial treatment of paper before it is processed, cover For antibacterial and sterilization treatments such as adhesive cover films and coverings, and packaging materials such as foodstuffs and foodstuffs that are likely to be contaminated with foods and foods, and preservatives such as wraps Can also be used.

Claims (8)

第4級アンモニウムカチオンと、酸性基および反応性基を有する水溶性共重合体アニオンとの塩が、微細粒子の表面もしくは内部に付着または吸着され、架橋または網状化して水不溶化された水不溶性架橋化物を構成しており、
前記第4級アンモニウムカチオンが、テトラ(C1〜C30)アンモニウムカチオン、トリ(C1〜C30)−フェニルアンモニウムカチオン、トリ(C1〜C30)−ベンジルアンモニウムカチオンもしくは(C1〜C30)−ピリジニウムカチオン(但し、前記「(C1〜C30)」は、炭素数が1〜30である同一もしくは異なる脂肪族炭化水素基または脂環式炭化水素基を示す)であるか、または
脂肪族、脂環族もしくは芳香族のアミノ基、第4級アンモニウム基、ピリジン基、ピリジニウム基、フェノール性水酸基およびポリエチレングリコール基からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の基が、直接もしくは連結基を介してアンモニウム窒素に結合しているアンモニウムカチオンであることを特徴とする防汚・抗菌剤。
A water-insoluble cross-link in which a salt of a quaternary ammonium cation and a water-soluble copolymer anion having an acidic group and a reactive group is attached or adsorbed on the surface or inside of fine particles and cross-linked or reticulated to be insoluble in water Make up the monster,
The quaternary ammonium cation is tetra (C 1 ~C 30) ammonium cation, tri (C 1 ~C 30) - phenyl ammonium cation, tri (C 1 ~C 30) - benzyl ammonium cation or (C 1 -C 30 ) -pyridinium cation (wherein the “(C 1 -C 30 )” represents the same or different aliphatic hydrocarbon group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms), Or at least one group selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic amino group, quaternary ammonium group, pyridine group, pyridinium group, phenolic hydroxyl group and polyethylene glycol group is directly or linked An antifouling / antibacterial agent characterized by being an ammonium cation bonded to ammonium nitrogen through a group.
前記微細粒子が、体質顔料、樹脂系微粒子、有機顔料および無機顔料からなる群から選ばれる請求項1に記載の防汚・抗菌剤。   The antifouling / antibacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles are selected from the group consisting of extender pigments, resin-based fine particles, organic pigments, and inorganic pigments. 前記酸性基が、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、硫酸エステル基およびリン酸エステル基からなる群から選ばれた基である請求項1または2に記載の防汚・抗菌剤。   The antifouling / antibacterial agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the acidic group is a group selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfate ester group and a phosphate ester group. 前記第4級アンモニウムカチオン(a)と前記水溶性共重合体アニオン(b)との質量比a:bが、5:95〜90:10である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の防汚・抗菌剤。   The mass ratio a: b of the quaternary ammonium cation (a) and the water-soluble copolymer anion (b) is 5:95 to 90:10. Antifouling and antibacterial agent. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の防汚・抗菌剤に、塗膜形成材料を配合してなることを特徴とする防汚・抗菌性塗装材。   An antifouling / antibacterial coating material comprising the antifouling / antibacterial agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a coating film forming material. 塗膜形成材料が、網状構造を形成し得る反応性重合体および/または架橋剤である請求項5に記載の防汚・抗菌性塗装材。   The antifouling / antibacterial coating material according to claim 5, wherein the coating film forming material is a reactive polymer and / or a crosslinking agent capable of forming a network structure. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の防汚・抗菌剤に、樹脂材料を配合してなることを特徴とする防汚・抗菌性樹脂組成物。   An antifouling / antibacterial resin composition comprising a resin material in the antifouling / antibacterial agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の防汚・抗菌剤、あるいは請求項またはに記載の防汚・抗菌性塗装材を基材に塗布、噴霧または含浸し、必要によりさらに網状化処理する、あるいは請求項7に記載の防汚・抗菌性樹脂組成物を基材に混練または内添し、成型加工することを特徴とする基材の防汚・抗菌処理方法。 The antifouling / antibacterial agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the antifouling / antibacterial coating material according to claim 5 or 6 is applied, sprayed or impregnated on a base material, and if necessary, further reticulated An antifouling / antibacterial treatment method for a base material, characterized in that the antifouling / antibacterial resin composition according to claim 7 is kneaded or internally added to a base material and molded.
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