JP5315813B2 - Distributed power generation system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Distributed power generation system and control method thereof Download PDF

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JP5315813B2
JP5315813B2 JP2008164076A JP2008164076A JP5315813B2 JP 5315813 B2 JP5315813 B2 JP 5315813B2 JP 2008164076 A JP2008164076 A JP 2008164076A JP 2008164076 A JP2008164076 A JP 2008164076A JP 5315813 B2 JP5315813 B2 JP 5315813B2
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JP2010011527A (en
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康浩 森
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To keep electric power generation directed to each fuel cell in a certain range, so as to keep compliance to load variation due to parallelization, in a distributed power generating system. <P>SOLUTION: The distributed power generating system supplies power loads 103 and 107, etc. with power by a plurality of generating apparatuses 104 and 108, etc., and includes a power generation count controller 304, which controls the number of generating apparatuses for power generation, so that the average electric power generation, obtained by averaging the total power demand of the power loads 103 and 107, etc. by the number of generators, will fall within a central power generation range including a median. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、電力ネットワークによって接続された分散型発電システムにおいて、エネルギー効率を最適化するための発電量配分を行う分散型発電システム、ならびにその制御方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a distributed power generation system that performs power generation amount distribution for optimizing energy efficiency in a distributed power generation system connected by a power network, and a control method therefor.

複数の発電装置を電力ネットワークを介して運転制御するよう構成された分散型電源システムにおいて、エネルギー効率を最適化するために様々な運転制御技術が提案されている。   Various operation control techniques have been proposed in order to optimize energy efficiency in a distributed power supply system configured to control operation of a plurality of power generation devices via a power network.

例えば、従来の分散型発電システムとして、システム内の総電力負荷量を満たすよう複数の発電装置で分散発電する際に、各発電装置の最大発電量によって重み付け配分を行って、各発電装置の発電量割り当てを決定する発電量制御システムが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   For example, as a conventional distributed power generation system, when distributed power generation is performed with a plurality of power generation devices so as to satisfy the total power load in the system, weight distribution is performed according to the maximum power generation amount of each power generation device, and the power generation of each power generation device A power generation amount control system that determines amount allocation has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

図９は、上記特許文献１に記載された従来の発電量制御システムを示すものである。図９において、改質器９００は天然ガスやＬＰＧなどを原料として水素を生成する。燃料電池９０１〜９０３は生成された水素がガス配管網９０７から供給され、各燃料電池の運転制御を行う制御装置９０４〜９０６によって、その発電量が制御される。制御装置９０４〜９０６は通信ネットワーク９０８を経て、複数の演算装置９０９〜９１１と通信可能なように構成されている。また、演算装置９０９〜９１１は、発電量送信手段９１２、発電量算出手段９１３、総電力負荷算出手段９１４、電力負荷取得手段９１５を含むよう構成されている。電力負荷取得手段９１５が家庭内の電力負荷からその消費電力を取得して、総電力負荷算出手段９１４がそれらの総和を求める。発電量算出手段９１３はその総和を元に各燃料電池９０１〜９０３の発電量を決定し、最後に発電量送信手段９１２が各制御装置９０４〜９０６に決定された発電量を送信する。燃料電池９０１〜９０３で発電された電力は電力線９１６を介して、相互に電力を融通することができる。   FIG. 9 shows a conventional power generation amount control system described in Patent Document 1. In FIG. 9, a reformer 900 generates hydrogen using natural gas, LPG, or the like as a raw material. The generated hydrogen is supplied from the gas piping network 907 to the fuel cells 901 to 903, and the power generation amount is controlled by the control devices 904 to 906 that control the operation of each fuel cell. The control devices 904 to 906 are configured to be able to communicate with a plurality of arithmetic devices 909 to 911 via the communication network 908. The arithmetic devices 909 to 911 are configured to include a power generation amount transmission unit 912, a power generation amount calculation unit 913, a total power load calculation unit 914, and a power load acquisition unit 915. The power load acquisition unit 915 acquires the power consumption from the power load in the home, and the total power load calculation unit 914 calculates the sum thereof. The power generation amount calculation unit 913 determines the power generation amount of each fuel cell 901 to 903 based on the sum, and finally the power generation amount transmission unit 912 transmits the determined power generation amount to each of the control devices 904 to 906. The electric power generated by the fuel cells 901 to 903 can be interchanged through the power line 916.

図１０は、上記従来の分散型発電システムにおける発電量の配分を示す図である。演算装置は燃料電池の定格発電量を取得し、保持している。図１０（ａ）では、ＦＣ１、ＦＣ２、ＦＣ３がそれぞれ１０００Ｗ、１０００Ｗ、２０００Ｗの定格発電量であることを示している。図１０（ｂ）に示すように電力負荷１、電力負荷２、電力負荷３からそれぞれ２００Ｗ、３００Ｗ、５００Ｗの電力需要を受けた時、定格発電量に比例してＦＣ１〜ＦＣ３に電力を配分すると、図１０（ｃ）に示すように２５０Ｗ、２５０Ｗ、５００Ｗとなる。この結果、定格発電量に対して平均して２５％の発電量が各燃料電池に割り当てられる。   FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the distribution of the power generation amount in the conventional distributed power generation system. The arithmetic unit acquires and holds the rated power generation amount of the fuel cell. FIG. 10A shows that FC1, FC2, and FC3 have rated power generation amounts of 1000 W, 1000 W, and 2000 W, respectively. When power demands of 200 W, 300 W, and 500 W are received from the power load 1, power load 2, and power load 3, respectively, as shown in FIG. 10B, the power is distributed to FC1 to FC3 in proportion to the rated power generation amount. As shown in FIG. 10C, the power is 250 W, 250 W, and 500 W. As a result, a power generation amount of 25% on the average with respect to the rated power generation amount is allocated to each fuel cell.

本従来の分散型発電システムでは、総電力負荷量を複数の発電装置で分散発電する為に、発電装置の最大発電量に比例して電力負荷分散を行うが、その結果、すべての発電装置がそれぞれの最大発電量に対して同じ比率で発電量を割り当てられることになる。これにより、単純に発電装置の数によって平均化する場合であれば、最大発電量が大きい発電装置にとっては割り当てられた発電量が低出力発電の範囲であるためにエネルギー効率が悪いというケースがあり得るが、本従来の分散型発電システムではそういった問題が抑制できる。
特開２００６−２７８１５１号公報 In the conventional distributed power generation system, in order to generate the total power load with a plurality of power generators, the power load is distributed in proportion to the maximum power generation amount of the power generator. As a result, all the power generators The power generation amount is assigned at the same ratio for each maximum power generation amount. As a result, in the case of simply averaging based on the number of power generation devices, there is a case where the power generation amount assigned to a power generation device having a large maximum power generation is low in energy efficiency because the allocated power generation amount is within the range of low output power generation. However, the conventional distributed power generation system can suppress such problems.
JP 2006-278151 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献１記載の従来の分散型発電システムでは、電力負荷の変動する電力需要を賄うための発電を複数の発電装置で分散化することによって改善される電力負荷の変動への応答性をより向上させるための制御については考慮されていない。例えば、ｎ台の発電装置で分散発電すると、負荷変動への応答性はｎ倍になるが、そのためには負荷変動に対する受容性が十分にあることが前提となる。即ち、発電している発電装置の発電量が最大発電量に近い状態で、電力負荷の電力需要量が増加した場合、発電する発電装置の数を増やす必要があるが、例えば、改質装置を備える燃料電池システムのように発電装置の起動に時間を要する場合には、発電装置が起動している間、分散型発電システムが有する電力負荷への追従性を発揮することができない。   However, in the conventional distributed power generation system described in Patent Document 1, the responsiveness to fluctuations in the power load that is improved by distributing power generation to cover the power demand in which the power load fluctuates with a plurality of power generation devices. There is no consideration for control for further improving the above. For example, when distributed power generation is performed with n power generation devices, the response to load fluctuation is increased by a factor of n, but for that purpose it is assumed that the load fluctuation is sufficiently acceptable. That is, when the power demand of the power load increases in a state where the power generation amount of the power generation device that is generating power is close to the maximum power generation amount, it is necessary to increase the number of power generation devices that generate power. In the case where it takes time to start the power generation device as in the fuel cell system provided, it is not possible to exhibit the ability to follow the power load of the distributed power generation system while the power generation device is starting up.

本発明は、前記従来の課題を解決するもので、従来の分散型発電システムよりも負荷追従性の高い分散型発電システム及びその制御方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a distributed power generation system with higher load followability than the conventional distributed power generation system and a control method thereof.

上記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明の分散型発電システムは、複数の発電装置により電力負荷に電力を供給する分散型発電システムであって、前記電力負荷の総電力需要量を発電装置数で平均化した平均発電量が、中央発電域内に収まるように、発電する発電装置の数を制御する発電数制御器と、前記中央発電域を設定する発電域設定器と、を備え、発電域設定器は、電力負荷の電力需要量の変化の傾向に応じて前記中央発電域を更新することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, a distributed power generation system according to the present invention is a distributed power generation system that supplies power to a power load by a plurality of power generation devices, and the total power demand of the power load is determined as a power generation device. A power generation number controller that controls the number of power generation devices that generate power, and a power generation area setting device that sets the central power generation area so that the average power generation amount averaged by the number falls within the central power generation area, The area setting device updates the central power generation area in accordance with a tendency of change in the power demand amount of the power load .

本発明の分散型発電システム、並びにその制御方法によれば、従来の分散型発電システムよりも高い負荷追従性を実現することが可能となる。   According to the distributed power generation system and the control method thereof of the present invention, it is possible to realize higher load followability than the conventional distributed power generation system.

以下本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

（実施の形態１）
図１は、本発明の実施の形態１における分散型発電システムを示すブロック図である。図１において、電力ネットワーク１００は複数の発電装置１０４、１０８を接続し、本ネットワークによって複数の発電装置は相互に電力を融通することができる。発電装置１０４、１０８は運転制御器１０５、１０９と、発電機の一例としての燃料電池１０６、１１０を含み、運転制御器１０５、１０９が燃料電池の発電運転を制御するよう構成され、各燃料電池１０６、１１０で出力された電力は電力負荷１０３及び１０７に供給される。また、発電装置１０４、１０８は、燃料電池１０６及び１１０から回収した熱を蓄える蓄熱器１１１及び１１３、そしてこれらの蓄熱器１１１及び１１３に貯えられた熱は、それぞれ少なくとも１つ以上の熱負荷に供給されるよう構成される。本実施の形態では、蓄熱器１１１に貯えられた熱は、複数の熱負荷（熱負荷１１２、Ｘ等）に、また、蓄熱器１１３に貯えられた熱も、複数の熱負荷（熱負荷１１４、Ｙ等）に供給されるよう構成されている。運転制御器１０５、１０９は通信ネットワーク１０１と接続可能で、電力負荷の電力需要量並びに、蓄熱器に最大蓄熱量まで蓄熱可能な熱量である蓄熱可能量を送信する一方で、発電量配分制御器１０２から送信される許可発電量を受信することができる。運転制御器１０５、１０９は受信した許可発電量に基づき対応する燃料電池を制御して、この許可発電量になるよう発電させる。 (Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a distributed power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a power network 100 connects a plurality of power generation devices 104 and 108, and the plurality of power generation devices can exchange power with each other by this network. The power generation devices 104 and 108 include operation controllers 105 and 109 and fuel cells 106 and 110 as an example of a generator, and the operation controllers 105 and 109 are configured to control the power generation operation of the fuel cell. The electric power output at 106 and 110 is supplied to the electric power loads 103 and 107. Further, the power generation devices 104 and 108 include heat accumulators 111 and 113 that store heat recovered from the fuel cells 106 and 110, and the heat stored in the heat accumulators 111 and 113 is at least one heat load. Configured to be supplied. In the present embodiment, the heat stored in the heat accumulator 111 is a plurality of heat loads (heat loads 112, X, etc.), and the heat stored in the heat accumulator 113 is also a plurality of heat loads (heat loads 114). , Y, etc.). The operation controllers 105 and 109 can be connected to the communication network 101 and transmit the power demand amount of the power load and the heat storage possible amount that is the amount of heat that can be stored up to the maximum heat storage amount to the heat storage unit, while the power generation amount distribution controller The permitted power generation amount transmitted from 102 can be received. The operation controllers 105 and 109 control the corresponding fuel cell based on the received permitted power generation amount, and generate power so as to reach this permitted power generation amount.

発電量配分制御器１０２は通信ネットワーク１０１に一つ以上存在し、すべての運転制御器（例えば、運転制御器１０５、１０９）から電力負荷の電力需要量、蓄熱器に蓄熱可能な熱量を受信して、これらの値を考慮して各発電装置へ割り当てる許可発電量を決定する。決定された許可発電量は、通信ネットワーク１０１を介して、各運転制御器（例えば、運転制御器１０５、１０９）に送信する。   One or more power generation amount distribution controllers 102 exist in the communication network 101 and receive the power demand of the power load from all the operation controllers (for example, the operation controllers 105 and 109) and the amount of heat that can be stored in the regenerator. In consideration of these values, the permitted power generation amount to be assigned to each power generator is determined. The determined permitted power generation amount is transmitted to each operation controller (for example, the operation controllers 105 and 109) via the communication network 101.

なお、電力負荷は、通常、燃料電池より直接的に供給される電力を消費するが、燃料電池の発電力が電力負荷の電力需要に満たない場合は、電力ネットワーク１００を介して供給される電力を消費する。   The power load normally consumes the power supplied directly from the fuel cell. However, when the power generated by the fuel cell does not satisfy the power demand of the power load, the power supplied via the power network 100 is used. Consume.

図２は、本実施の形態の分散型発電システムにおいて各発電装置内に設けられた運転制御器の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。運転制御器は、自らが制御する燃料電池が直接電力供給を行う各電力負荷の電力需要量を受け取り、これらを合計した値を通信器２０１から発電量配分制御器１０２へ送信する。より、具体的には、運転制御器に内蔵された発電量管理器２０２に各電力負荷の電力需要量が入力され、これらを合計した値が保持される。また、通信器２０１は発電量配分制御器１０２から各発電装置が発電すべき許可発電量を受け取り、発電量管理器２０２にその値が保持される。燃料電池制御器２０３は、発電量管理器２０２に保持された許可発電量を読み出し、この許可発電量を燃料電池から出力するように制御する。この結果、許可発電量＞電力需要量の場合は、余剰分の電力は図１の電力ネットワーク１００を経由して、他の燃料電池より直接電力供給を受ける別の電力負荷に供給される。許可発電量＜電力需要量の場合は、その逆に不足分が電力ネットワーク１００を介して供給される。許可電力＝電力需要量の場合は電力負荷への電力供給が電力ネットワーク１００を介さずに、電力負荷へ直接電力を供給する燃料電池での発電量で１００％賄われている。   FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the operation controller provided in each power generator in the distributed power generation system of the present embodiment. The operation controller receives the power demand amount of each power load to which the fuel cell controlled by the fuel cell directly supplies power, and transmits the total value from the communication device 201 to the power generation amount distribution controller 102. More specifically, the power demand amount of each power load is input to the power generation amount management unit 202 built in the operation controller, and the sum of these values is held. The communication device 201 receives the permitted power generation amount to be generated by each power generation device from the power generation amount distribution controller 102, and the value is held in the power generation amount manager 202. The fuel cell controller 203 reads the permitted power generation amount held in the power generation amount management unit 202 and performs control so that the permitted power generation amount is output from the fuel cell. As a result, when the permitted power generation amount> the power demand amount, surplus power is supplied to another power load that receives power supply directly from another fuel cell via the power network 100 of FIG. If the permitted power generation amount <the power demand amount, the shortage is supplied via the power network 100 on the contrary. In the case of permitted power = power demand amount, the power supply to the power load is 100% covered by the power generation amount in the fuel cell that directly supplies power to the power load without going through the power network 100.

図３は発電量配分制御器の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。通信器３０２は通信ネットワーク１０１にアクセスして運転制御器から電力需要量、蓄熱器に最大蓄熱量まで蓄熱可能な蓄熱可能量、及び燃料電池の運転状態（発電運転ＯＮまたは発電運転ＯＦＦ）に関する信号を受け取る。電力需要量は総計算出器３０３に入力され、ここで各運転制御器から受け取った電力需要量を総和して総電力需要量を算出する。同時に現在発電運転中の燃料電池の数をカウントする。総電力需要量及び発電運転中の燃料電池数の両者を許可発電量制御器３０１に入力すると、許可発電量制御器３０１は、発電中の各燃料電池の平均発電量を算出する。この算出された平均発電量に基づき発電数制御器３０４は、発電装置の最大発電量及び最小発電量の両方に対して十分な余裕度を有する発電量（以下、中央値）を含む中央発電域内に収まるよう発電装置数を決定する。許可発電量制御器３０１は、発電数制御器３０４により決定された発電装置数における平均発電量を許可発電量とし、通信器３０２から各発電装置の運転を制御する運転制御器に送出する。   FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the power generation amount distribution controller. The communicator 302 accesses the communication network 101 to request power from the operation controller, the amount of heat that can be stored in the heat accumulator up to the maximum heat storage amount, and a signal related to the fuel cell operation state (power generation operation ON or power generation operation OFF). Receive. The power demand is input to the total calculator 303, where the power demand received from each operation controller is summed to calculate the total power demand. At the same time, the number of fuel cells currently in power generation operation is counted. When both the total power demand and the number of fuel cells in power generation operation are input to the permitted power generation amount controller 301, the permitted power generation amount controller 301 calculates the average power generation amount of each fuel cell that is generating power. Based on the calculated average power generation amount, the power generation number controller 304 includes a power generation amount (hereinafter referred to as a median) having a sufficient margin with respect to both the maximum power generation amount and the minimum power generation amount of the power generation device. The number of power generators is determined so as to be within the range. The permitted power generation amount controller 301 uses the average power generation amount in the number of power generation devices determined by the power generation number controller 304 as the permitted power generation amount, and sends it from the communication device 302 to the operation controller that controls the operation of each power generation device.

以下、図１から図５を用いて、本実施の形態の分散型発電システムの動作について説明する。図４は、許可発電量制御器３０１の動作アルゴリズムを示すフローチャート図であり、図５はその結果決定される許可発電量を示すチャート図である。   Hereinafter, the operation of the distributed power generation system of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an operation algorithm of the permitted power generation amount controller 301, and FIG. 5 is a chart showing the permitted power generation amount determined as a result.

まず、上述のように総計算出器３０３で総電力需要量、ならびに発電中の燃料電池数を算出する（ステップＳ４００、ステップＳ４０１）。   First, as described above, the total power demand amount and the number of fuel cells being generated are calculated by the total calculator 303 (steps S400 and S401).

次に、総計算出器３０３で算出された両値に基づき許可発電量制御器３０１は、総電力需要量を燃料電池数で除算して平均発電量を算出する（ステップＳ４０２）。そして、発電数制御器３０４は、算出された平均発電量と中央発電域の上限値である第１発電量（本発明の第１の閾値）と比較する（ステップＳ４０３）。   Next, the permitted power generation amount controller 301 calculates the average power generation amount by dividing the total power demand amount by the number of fuel cells based on both values calculated by the total calculator 303 (step S402). Then, the power generation number controller 304 compares the calculated average power generation amount with the first power generation amount (first threshold value of the present invention) that is the upper limit value of the central power generation region (step S403).

平均発電量が第１発電量よりも高い場合には、発電数制御器３０４は、次に示す式１を満たす発電装置数を算定し、この発電装置数を発電する発電装置数として更新するとともに（ステップＳ４０４）、更新した旨の信号を許可発電量制御器３０１に送信する。許可発電量制御器３０１は、この更新された発電装置数における平均発電量を各発電装置の許可発電量として通信器３０２に出力して、処理を終了する（ステップＳ４０７）。   When the average power generation amount is higher than the first power generation amount, the power generation number controller 304 calculates the number of power generation devices that satisfy Equation 1 below, and updates the number of power generation devices as the number of power generation devices that generate power. (Step S404), a signal indicating that the update has been made is transmitted to the permitted power generation amount controller 301. The permitted power generation amount controller 301 outputs the updated average power generation amount in the number of power generation devices to the communication device 302 as the permitted power generation amount of each power generation device, and ends the process (step S407).

（第２発電量−中央値）／中央値≦Ｘ≦（第１発電量−中央値）／中央値 （式１） Ｘ＝（総電力需要量／中央値）−発電装置数
なお、上記の式１で示される第２発電量は、中央発電域の下限値に対応する発電量（本発明の第２の閾値）であり、また、上記の式１を満たす発電装置数が算定できない場合は、現在、発電している発電装置数を発電する発電装置数として更新する。 (Second power generation amount−median value) / median value ≦ X ≦ (first power generation amount−median value) / median value (Formula 1) X = (total power demand amount / median value) −number of power generation devices The second power generation amount expressed by Equation 1 is the power generation amount (second threshold value of the present invention) corresponding to the lower limit value of the central power generation region, and when the number of power generation devices that satisfy Equation 1 above cannot be calculated The number of power generation devices that are currently generating power is updated as the number of power generation devices that generate power.

次に、上記ステップＳ４０３で、平均発電量が、第１発電量以下である場合、発電数制御器３０４は、平均発電量と第２発電量とを比較する（ステップＳ４０５）。平均発電量が、第２発電量よりも小さい場合には、発電数制御器３０４は、上記式１を満たす発電装置数を算定し、この発電装置数を発電する発電装置数として更新するとともに（ステップＳ４０６）、更新した旨の信号を許可発電量制御器３０１に送信する。許可発電量制御器３０１は、この更新された発電装置数における平均発電量を各発電装置の許可発電量として通信器３０２に出力して、処理を終了する（ステップＳ４０７）。   Next, when the average power generation amount is equal to or less than the first power generation amount in step S403, the power generation number controller 304 compares the average power generation amount with the second power generation amount (step S405). When the average power generation amount is smaller than the second power generation amount, the power generation number controller 304 calculates the number of power generation devices that satisfy the above formula 1, and updates the number of power generation devices as the number of power generation devices that generate power ( In step S406, a signal indicating that the update has been made is transmitted to the permitted power generation amount controller 301. The permitted power generation amount controller 301 outputs the updated average power generation amount in the number of power generation devices to the communication device 302 as the permitted power generation amount of each power generation device, and ends the process (step S407).

なお、上記中央値、第１発電量、及び第２発電量は、それぞれ予め定められた値であり、例えば、最大発電量１０００Ｗの燃料電池であるならば、その半値である５００Ｗを中央値とし、その値を含む上下±２０％の範囲を中央発電域とする。従って、中央発電域の上限である第１発電量が６００Ｗ、中央発電域の下限である第２発電量が４００Ｗとなる。もちろん、上記第１発電量及び第２発電量を設定する際の、中央値に対するマージンは上述のように上下２０％に限定するものではない。また、中央値は、必ずしも最大発電量の半値である必要はなく、最小発電量と最大発電量との間の中心値、または最大発電量の半値と最小発電量と最大発電量との中心値との間の値であってもよく、発電装置の最大発電量及び最小発電量の両方に対して十分な余裕度を有する所定範囲に含まれる値であれば、いずれの値でも構わない。また、中心値は、上記に例示した最大発電量の半値や、最小発電量と最大発電量との間の中心値等と同一でなくても、発電装置の最大発電量及び最小発電量の両方に対して十分な余裕度を有する、実質的に同一な値も含む。また、発電数制御器３０４は、ステップＳ４０４またはＳ４０６において更新された発電する発電装置数が、更新前に比べて増減する場合に、どの発電装置を増減させるかを蓄熱可能量に基づき決定する。具体的には、ステップＳ４０４にて更新された発電装置数が、更新前の発電装置数に比べて減少する場合、発電中の発電装置のうち蓄熱可能量が小さい発電装置（例えば、蓄熱可能量が最小の発電装置）を発電運転する発電装置の対象からはずす。これは、蓄熱可能量が小さい発電装置は、蓄熱余力が小さいため、すぐに蓄熱器が最大蓄熱量になって発電運転を停止しなければならない可能性があるため、これを発電運転する発電装置の対象からはずすことで、発電装置の停止に伴う総発電量の変動や発電装置の停止に伴う代替の発電装置の起動エネルギー消費による省エネ性の低下を抑制することができるからである。また、ステップＳ４０６にて発電装置数を増加させる場合、発電運転中でない発電装置のうち蓄熱可能量が大きい発電装置（例えば、蓄熱可能量が最大の発電装置）を発電運転する発電装置に新たに加える。これは、蓄熱可能量が大きい発電装置は、蓄熱余力が大きいため、すぐに蓄熱器が最大蓄熱量になって発電運転を停止する可能性が低いため、これを発電運転する発電装置にすることで、発電装置の停止に伴う総発電量の変動や別の発電装置の起動エネルギー消費による省エネ性の低下を抑制することができるからである。   Note that the median value, the first power generation amount, and the second power generation amount are predetermined values. For example, if the fuel cell has a maximum power generation amount of 1000 W, the half value of 500 W is set as the median value. The range of ± 20% above and below including the value is defined as the central power generation area. Therefore, the first power generation amount that is the upper limit of the central power generation region is 600 W, and the second power generation amount that is the lower limit of the central power generation region is 400 W. Of course, the margin with respect to the median when setting the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount is not limited to 20% above and below as described above. In addition, the median value does not necessarily need to be a half value of the maximum power generation amount, or a central value between the minimum power generation amount and the maximum power generation amount, or a central value between the half value of the maximum power generation amount, the minimum power generation amount, and the maximum power generation amount. Any value may be used as long as the value is within a predetermined range having a sufficient margin for both the maximum power generation amount and the minimum power generation amount of the power generation device. In addition, even if the central value is not the same as the half value of the maximum power generation amount exemplified above or the central value between the minimum power generation amount and the maximum power generation amount, both the maximum power generation amount and the minimum power generation amount of the power generator Includes substantially the same value with a sufficient margin for. In addition, the power generation number controller 304 determines which power generation device to increase or decrease based on the heat storage possible amount when the number of power generation devices that generate power updated in step S404 or S406 increases or decreases compared to before the update. Specifically, when the number of power generation devices updated in step S404 is smaller than the number of power generation devices before the update, the power generation devices with a small heat storage capacity (for example, the heat storage capacity) among the power generation apparatuses that are generating power. Is removed from the target of the power generator that performs the power generation operation. This is because the power generation device with a small heat storage capacity has a small heat storage capacity, so the heat storage device may soon stop at the maximum heat storage amount and the power generation operation must be stopped. This is because it is possible to suppress a decrease in energy saving due to a change in the total power generation amount due to the stoppage of the power generation device and a start-up energy consumption of an alternative power generation device due to the stoppage of the power generation device. In addition, when the number of power generation devices is increased in step S406, a power generation device having a large heat storage capacity (for example, a power generation apparatus having the maximum heat storage capacity) among power generation apparatuses that are not in power generation operation is newly added to the power generation apparatus that performs power generation operation. Add. This is because a power generation device with a large heat storage capacity has a large heat storage capacity, so it is unlikely that the heat storage unit will immediately reach the maximum heat storage amount and stop the power generation operation. This is because it is possible to suppress a decrease in energy savings due to a change in the total power generation amount due to the stoppage of the power generation device and the startup energy consumption of another power generation device.

図５は、図４で説明した許可発電量決定処理によってどのように電力配分がなされるかを例示したものである。総電力需要量が小さい場合（図５（ａ）〜（ｃ））、発電装置１、２、３が電力供給する電力負荷からそれぞれ３５０Ｗ、３６０Ｗ、４００Ｗの電力需要があったとすると（図５（ａ））、総計算出器３０３で算出された総電力需要量を発電中の発電装置数３台で平均すると、図５（ｂ）のように燃料電池１、２、３で３７０Ｗづつの発電量になる。この結果、第２発電量（＝４００Ｗ）を下回るので、燃料電池３の発電を止め、燃料電池１、２で５５５Ｗ発電するようにし、燃料電池１、２、３の許可発電量は夫々５５５Ｗ、５５５Ｗ、０Ｗとなる（図５（ｃ））。   FIG. 5 exemplifies how power distribution is performed by the permitted power generation amount determination process described in FIG. 4. When the total power demand is small (FIGS. 5A to 5C), it is assumed that there are 350 W, 360 W, and 400 W of power demand from the power loads supplied by the power generators 1, 2, and 3, respectively (FIG. 5 ( a)) When the total power demand calculated by the total calculator 303 is averaged by the number of power generating devices that are generating power, the amount of power generated by 370 W in each of the fuel cells 1, 2, and 3 as shown in FIG. become. As a result, since it is below the second power generation amount (= 400 W), the power generation of the fuel cell 3 is stopped, and the fuel cells 1 and 2 generate 555 W. The permitted power generation amounts of the fuel cells 1, 2 and 3 are 555 W, respectively. It becomes 555 W and 0 W (FIG. 5C).

また、総電力発電量が大きい場合（図５（ｄ）〜（ｆ））、例えば、発電装置１、２、３が電力供給する電力負荷からの電力需要が夫々８５０Ｗ、７１０Ｗ、３６０Ｗである時（図５(ｄ)）、総計算出器３０３で算出された総電力需要量を発電中の発電装置数３台で平均すると、図５（ｅ）のように各燃料電池が６４０Ｗづつの平均発電量になる。この結果、第１発電量（＝６００Ｗ）を超えるので、発電中の発電装置数を増加させる。つまり、図５（ｆ）に示すように現在停止中の燃料電池４を稼動させ、４台の燃料電池で総電力需要量を配分して、燃料電池１、２、３、４の許可発電量を４８０Ｗづつとする。   When the total power generation amount is large (FIGS. 5D to 5F), for example, when the power demand from the power load supplied by the power generation devices 1, 2, and 3 is 850 W, 710 W, and 360 W, respectively. (FIG. 5 (d)), when the total power demand calculated by the total calculator 303 is averaged by the number of the three power generation devices that are generating power, each fuel cell generates 640W average power generation as shown in FIG. 5 (e). It becomes quantity. As a result, since the first power generation amount (= 600 W) is exceeded, the number of power generation devices during power generation is increased. That is, as shown in FIG. 5 (f), the currently stopped fuel cell 4 is operated, the total power demand is distributed among the four fuel cells, and the permitted power generation amount of the fuel cells 1, 2, 3, 4 is determined. Is 480 W in increments.

以上のように構成した分散型発電システムとその制御方法であれば、各発電装置に分配される許可発電量は発電装置の最大発電量及び最小発電量の両方に対して十分な余裕度を有する中央値を含む中央発電域内に可能な限り制御することができる。この結果、電力負荷の電力需要の変動によって増減する電力需要量に対して、常時、発電量を増減させるためのマージンを確保することができるので、分散発電の長所である負荷変動への追従性を維持することが可能となる。   With the distributed power generation system configured as described above and its control method, the permitted power generation amount distributed to each power generation device has a sufficient margin for both the maximum power generation amount and the minimum power generation amount of the power generation device. It can be controlled as much as possible within the central power generation area including the median. As a result, it is possible to always secure a margin for increasing or decreasing the amount of power generation with respect to the amount of power demand that increases or decreases due to fluctuations in the power demand of the power load. Can be maintained.

（実施の形態２）
図６は本発明の実施の形態２の分散型発電システムにおける発電量配分制御器の構成を示すブロック図である。図６において、図３と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。電力需要トレンド判定器６０１は、一定時間毎（例えば、１分毎）に発電装置から直接電力供給を受ける各電力負荷（例えば、燃料電池１０６から直接電力供給を受ける電力負荷１０３、電力負荷Ｘ等）の電力需要の合計値を、各発電装置の運転制御器内に設けられた、通信器から受け取る。そして、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１は、内部に設けられた記憶器（図示せず）に受け取った電力需要のデータを記憶する。そして、所定時間毎に、上記記憶器に蓄積された過去の所定時間内における電力需要の履歴に基づき、電力負荷全体の電力需要のトレンドを判定する。発電域設定器６０２は、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１により判定されたトレンドに応じて中央発電域を上下へシフトさせる。つまり、発電域設定器６０２は、中央発電域の上限値である第１の発電量及び中央発電域の下限である第２発電量を、上記トレンドに基づき上下に変動させる。許可発電量制御器３０１は、第１発電量及び第２発電量によって定められる中央発電域内に許可発電量を収めるように制御する。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the power generation amount distribution controller in the distributed power generation system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, the same components as those in FIG. The power demand trend determiner 601 is a power load that receives direct power supply from the power generator at regular time intervals (for example, every minute) (for example, the power load 103 that receives direct power supply from the fuel cell 106, the power load X, etc.). ) Is received from a communication device provided in the operation controller of each power generator. The power demand trend determiner 601 stores the received power demand data in a storage device (not shown) provided therein. Then, for each predetermined time, the trend of the power demand of the entire power load is determined based on the history of the power demand in the past predetermined time accumulated in the storage device. The power generation area setting device 602 shifts the central power generation area up and down according to the trend determined by the power demand trend determination device 601. That is, the power generation range setting device 602 fluctuates the first power generation amount that is the upper limit value of the central power generation region and the second power generation amount that is the lower limit of the central power generation region based on the trend. The permitted power generation amount controller 301 performs control so that the permitted power generation amount falls within the central power generation area determined by the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount.

図７は電力需要トレンド検出器６０１の動作を示すフローチャート図である。また、図８は横軸に時間、縦軸に電力を取り、１分毎に各通信器より受け取り記憶器に記憶した電力需要データに基づき１０分毎にその過去１０分間における記憶器に記憶された電力需要データの最大値と最小値を求めて作成したチャート図である。   FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power demand trend detector 601. In FIG. 8, time is plotted on the horizontal axis and power is plotted on the vertical axis. Every ten minutes based on the power demand data received from each communication device and stored in the storage device, it is stored in the storage device for the past 10 minutes. It is the chart figure which calculated | required and calculated | required the maximum value and minimum value of the electric power demand data.

以下、図６〜８を用いて、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１に基づき判定された電力負荷全体の電力需要のトレンドの判定方法を説明する。   Hereinafter, a method for determining the trend of the power demand of the entire power load determined based on the power demand trend determiner 601 will be described with reference to FIGS.

電力需要トレンド判定器６０１は、例えば、通信器２０２より送信された電力需要データを発電量配分制御器内に設けられた通信器３０２を介して１分毎に電力需要を受け取る（ステップＳ７０１）。   For example, the power demand trend determination unit 601 receives the power demand from the power demand data transmitted from the communicator 202 via the communicator 302 provided in the power generation amount distribution controller every minute (step S701).

複数の発電装置（例えば、１０個）の運転制御器から受け取った電力負荷の電力需要の過去１０分間のデータのうち、最大値と最小値を求め、最大値と最小値と結ぶ直線によりチャート化する（ステップＳ７０２）。   Among the data for the past 10 minutes of the power demand of the power load received from the operation controller of a plurality of power generators (for example, 10), the maximum value and the minimum value are obtained, and a chart is formed by a straight line connecting the maximum value and the minimum value. (Step S702).

最新の過去３０分間におけるチャート、すなわち３つのチャートの最大値を比較して、最大のもの（Ｍａｘ−Ｍａｘ）と最小のもの（Ｍｉｎ−Ｍａｘ）を決定する（ステップＳ７０３）。そして、上記Ｍａｘ−ＭａｘとＭｉｎ−Ｍａｘとを結んだ直線の傾きを判定する（ステップＳ７０４）。直線が右上がりならば、トレンドは上昇トレンドであると判定される（ステップＳ７０５）。一方、直線が右下がりならば、トレンドは下降トレンドであると判定される（ステップＳ７０６）。最後に判定されたトレンドに対応するトレンド値を出力して、今サイクルでのトレンド判定終了となる（ステップＳ７０７）。なお、上記トレンド値とは、正または負の数値であり、例えば、上昇トレンドの場合は「＋」値、下降トレンドの場合は「−」値となり、トレンドの傾きの大きさに伴いその値は大きくなる。   The latest charts for the last 30 minutes, that is, the maximum values of the three charts are compared, and the maximum (Max-Max) and the minimum (Min-Max) are determined (step S703). Then, the inclination of the straight line connecting Max-Max and Min-Max is determined (step S704). If the straight line rises to the right, it is determined that the trend is an upward trend (step S705). On the other hand, if the straight line descends to the right, it is determined that the trend is a downward trend (step S706). The trend value corresponding to the last determined trend is output, and the trend determination in the current cycle ends (step S707). The trend value is a positive or negative numerical value. For example, it is a “+” value for an uptrend and a “−” value for a downtrend. growing.

次に、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１による実際のトレンド判定の内容について図８のチャート図を用いて詳細に説明する。ステップ７０２に例示されるような所定時間経過毎のチャートが、（１）→（２）→（３）→（４）→（５）→（６）→（７）→（８）の順で示されている。最初の（１）→（２）→（３）の期間において、Ｍｉｎ−Ｍａｘは（１）における電力需要量の最大値、Ｍａｘ−Ｍａｘは（３）における電力需要量の最大値であるので、両者を結んだ直線は右肩上がりとなり、トレンドは上昇トレンドと判定される。（２）→（３）→（４）の期間においても同様に、引き続き上昇トレンドと判定されるる。   Next, details of actual trend determination by the power demand trend determiner 601 will be described in detail with reference to the chart of FIG. A chart for every elapse of a predetermined time as exemplified in step 702 is (1) → (2) → (3) → (4) → (5) → (6) → (7) → (8) in this order. It is shown. In the first period (1) → (2) → (3), Min-Max is the maximum value of power demand in (1), and Max-Max is the maximum value of power demand in (3). The straight line connecting the two rises to the right, and the trend is determined as an upward trend. Similarly, in the period of (2) → (3) → (4), it is continuously determined as an upward trend.

（３）→（４）→（５）の期間において、Ｍａｘ−Ｍａｘは（４）における電力需要量の最大値、Ｍｉｎ−Ｍａｘは（５）における電力需要量の最大値となるので、両者を結んだ直線は右肩下がりとなり、下降トレンドに変わったと判定される。（４）→（５）→（６）の期間では、Ｍｉｎ−Ｍａｘが（６）における電力需要量の最大値に変わるが、トレンドは引く続き下降トレンドと判定される。   In the period of (3) → (4) → (5), Max-Max is the maximum value of power demand in (4), and Min-Max is the maximum value of power demand in (5). It is determined that the connected straight line has fallen to the right and has changed to a downward trend. In the period of (4) → (5) → (6), Min-Max changes to the maximum value of the power demand in (6), but the trend is determined to be a continuing downward trend.

（５）→（６）→（７）の期間では、Ｍａｘ−Ｍａｘは（７）における電力需要量の最大値、Ｍｉｎ−Ｍａｘは（６）における電力需要量の最大値となるので、両者を結んだ直線は右肩上がりとなり、トレンドは上昇トレンドに変わったと判定される。   In the period of (5) → (6) → (7), Max-Max is the maximum value of power demand in (7), and Min-Max is the maximum value of power demand in (6). The connected straight line rises to the right, and it is determined that the trend has changed to an upward trend.

（６）→（７）→（８）の期間では、Ｍｉｎ−Ｍａｘが（８）における電力需要量の最大値に変わり、直線の傾きが右肩下がりとなって、トレンドは下降トレンドに変わったと判定される。   In the period of (6) → (7) → (8), Min-Max changed to the maximum value of power demand in (8), the slope of the straight line went down, and the trend changed to a downtrend. Determined.

以上の結果、図８に示す期間Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ内の所定の時点（例えば、（３）、（４）、（５）、（６）、（７）、（８）のいずれかの時点）において電力需要トレンド判定器６０２によりトレンドを判定した場合、それぞれ上昇トレンド、下降トレンド、上昇トレンド、下降トレンドと判定される。   As a result, any one of the predetermined time points within the periods A, B, C, and D shown in FIG. 8 (for example, any one of (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8)) When the trend is determined by the power demand trend determiner 602 at the time of (5), it is determined as an upward trend, a downward trend, an upward trend, and a downward trend, respectively.

尚、上述の本実施の形態の分散型発電システムにおける電力負荷の電力需要のトレンド判定においては、１分毎に電力負荷の電力需要を取得し、１０分毎に取得した電力需要の履歴データに基づきチャート作成、３０分毎に電力需要のトレンド判定を実施しているが、上記時間に限定されるものではなく、電力需要の変動の激しさや大きさ等に応じて適宜設定される。   In the trend determination of the power load of the power load in the distributed power generation system of the above-described embodiment, the power demand of the power load is acquired every minute, and the power demand history data acquired every 10 minutes is used. Based on the chart creation and the trend determination of the power demand every 30 minutes, it is not limited to the above-mentioned time, and is appropriately set according to the intensity and magnitude of the fluctuation of the power demand.

発電域設定器６０２は、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１により判定された電力需要のトレンド値を受け取り、受け取ったトレンド値が上昇トレンドに対応する値である場合には、第１発電量及び第２発電量とをそれぞれ２５Ｗ減少させて、中央発電域を下にシフトさせる。この結果、１台当りの許可発電量は小さくなり、各発電装置の最大発電量までの増加余裕量が増大する。従って、上記中央発電域の調整により上昇トレンドにある電力負荷の電力需要の増加に対しても、発電装置の発電量を増加することで速やかに対応でき、急遽新たな発電装置を起動して電力需要を補うような負荷追従性の低い制御を行う頻度が少なくなるので、従来よりも高い負荷追従性を実現することが可能になる。   The power generation area setting device 602 receives the trend value of the power demand determined by the power demand trend determination device 601, and when the received trend value is a value corresponding to the rising trend, the first power generation amount and the second power generation Decrease the amount by 25W each and shift down the central power generation area. As a result, the permitted power generation amount per unit is reduced, and the increase margin up to the maximum power generation amount of each power generation device is increased. Therefore, it is possible to respond quickly by increasing the power generation amount of the power generation device even if the power demand of the power load, which is on an upward trend due to the adjustment of the central power generation area, is increased. Since the frequency of performing control with low load follow-up to supplement the demand is reduced, it becomes possible to realize load follow-up higher than before.

一方で、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１で判定された電力需要のトレンドが、下降トレンドである場合は第１発電量と第２発電量とをそれぞれ２５Ｗ増加させて、中央発電域を上にシフトさせる。この結果、１台あたりの許可発電量が増え、最大発電量に対する増加余裕量は減少するが、最小発電量に対する減少余裕量は増加するので、下降トレンドにある電力負荷の電力需要の減少に対して、発電装置の発電量を減少することで速やかに対応でき、急遽新たな発電装置を停止して残りの発電装置で電力需要を補うような負荷追従性の低い制御を行う頻度が少なくなるので、従来よりも高い負荷追従性を実現することが可能になる。なお、中央発電域（第１発電量及び第２発電量）を上下にシフトする値は、上記のような±２５Ｗに限定されるわけではなく、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１によりトレンド判定される時間幅に応じて適宜シフト幅を設定しても構わない。   On the other hand, if the trend of power demand determined by the power demand trend determiner 601 is a downward trend, the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount are increased by 25 W, respectively, and the central power generation area is shifted upward. . As a result, the permitted power generation amount per unit increases, and the increase margin for the maximum power generation amount decreases, but the decrease margin amount for the minimum power generation amount increases. Therefore, it is possible to respond quickly by reducing the power generation amount of the power generator, and the frequency of low load follow-up control that suddenly stops the new power generator and supplements the power demand with the remaining power generators is reduced. Thus, it becomes possible to achieve higher load followability than in the past. Note that the value for shifting the central power generation area (the first power generation amount and the second power generation amount) up and down is not limited to ± 25 W as described above, and the time for which the power demand trend determiner 601 determines the trend. The shift width may be set as appropriate according to the width.

また、中央発電域（第１発電量及び第１発電量）を上下にシフトさせる値は、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１によりトレンド判定されるトレンドの傾きの大きさ、例えば、トレンド値の絶対値の大きさに応じて、変動させても良い。例えば、電力需要トレンド判定器６０２により同じ上昇トレンドと判定された場合であっても、トレンドの傾きが小さい場合（例えば、トレンド値の絶対値が小さい場合）にはその後の電力需要量の増加量が小さいと想定されるので、中央発電域を下にシフトさせる値をトレンドの傾きが大きい場合に比べ小さくする。一方、トレンドの傾きが大きい場合（例えば、トレンド値の絶対値が大きい場合）にはその後の電力需要量の増加量が大きいと想定されるので、中央発電域を下にシフトさせる値をトレンドの傾きが小さい場合に比べ大きくする。   The value for shifting the central power generation area (the first power generation amount and the first power generation amount) up and down is the magnitude of the slope of the trend determined by the power demand trend determination unit 601, for example, the absolute value of the trend value It may be varied according to the size. For example, even if the power demand trend determiner 602 determines the same upward trend, if the trend slope is small (for example, the absolute value of the trend value is small), the subsequent increase in power demand Therefore, the value that shifts the central power generation area downward is made smaller than when the trend slope is large. On the other hand, when the trend slope is large (for example, when the absolute value of the trend value is large), the subsequent increase in power demand is assumed to be large. Make it larger than when the slope is small.

例えば、本実施の形態の分散型発電システムでは、トレンドの傾きの大きさに応じて、中央発電域をシフトする値を±５Ｗから±２５Ｗまで変化させる。これによって、電力需要量の変動により即した分散型発電システムの運転制御がより可能となる。   For example, in the distributed power generation system of the present embodiment, the value for shifting the central power generation region is changed from ± 5 W to ± 25 W according to the magnitude of the trend slope. This makes it possible to control the operation of the distributed power generation system in accordance with fluctuations in the power demand.

また、中央発電域（第１発電量及び第１発電量）を上下にシフトさせる値の大きさは、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１により判定されたトレンドだけでなく通信器３０２から発電域設定器６０２に入力された蓄熱可能量にも基づいて、発電域設定器６０２により決定しても構わない。例えば、電力需要トレンド判定器６０１によりトレンドが上昇していると判定され、発電域設定器６０２により中央発電域を下にシフトする場合、蓄熱可能量が多い場合は蓄熱可能量が小さい場合に比べて下にシフトする値を小さくする。これは、下へのシフト量が小さい方が発電装置の許可発電量が大きくなり、蓄熱可能量の大きい蓄熱器に対してより蓄熱量が増加するからである。なお、蓄熱可能量を考慮した中央発電域のシフトは、各発電装置の蓄熱可能量に応じてシフト値を決定するのが好ましい。   The magnitude of the value for shifting the central power generation area (the first power generation amount and the first power generation amount) up and down is not limited to the trend determined by the power demand trend determination unit 601, but also from the communication device 302 to the power generation range setting unit 602. May be determined by the power generation region setting device 602 based on the amount of heat storage that is input to. For example, when it is determined that the trend is rising by the power demand trend determiner 601 and the central power generation region is shifted downward by the power generation region setting unit 602, the heat storage capacity is large compared to the case where the heat storage capacity is small. Decrease the value to shift down. This is because the smaller the downward shift amount, the larger the permitted power generation amount of the power generation apparatus, and the heat storage amount increases with respect to the heat storage device having a large heat storage capacity. In addition, it is preferable that the shift value of the central power generation region in consideration of the heat storage possible amount is determined according to the heat storage possible amount of each power generator.

以上のような本実施の形態の分散型発電システムの電力需要のトレンドを考慮した、分散型発電システムの制御により、電力負荷の電力需要のトレンドに即した負荷追従制御の余裕度を確保することができ、発電装置の並列化による負荷追従性の向上の長所を維持することが可能となる。   By ensuring the power generation trend of the distributed power generation system according to the present embodiment as described above, control of the distributed power generation system ensures a margin for load following control in line with the power demand trend of the power load. Thus, it is possible to maintain the advantage of improving the load followability by parallelizing the power generation devices.

本発明にかかる分散型発電システムとその電力配分方法は、従来の分散型発電システムよりも高い負荷追従性を実現することが可能でなるので、分散型発電システム等として有用である。   The distributed power generation system and the power distribution method according to the present invention can realize higher load followability than the conventional distributed power generation system, and thus are useful as a distributed power generation system and the like.

本発明の実施の形態１における分散型発電システムのブロック図Block diagram of a distributed power generation system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention 本発明の実施の形態１における分散型発電システムを構成する運転制御器のブロック図Block diagram of an operation controller constituting the distributed power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 本発明の実施の形態１における分散型発電システムを構成する発電量配分制御器のブロック図The block diagram of the electric power generation amount distribution controller which comprises the distributed power generation system in Embodiment 1 of this invention 本発明の実施の形態１における分散型発電システムを構成する発電量配分制御器での電力配分のアルゴリズムを示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows the algorithm of the electric power allocation in the electric power generation amount distribution controller which comprises the distributed power generation system in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態１における分散型発電システムの許可発電量決定処理における各発電装置への発電量配分の様子を示すブロック図The block diagram which shows the mode of the electric power generation amount distribution to each power generator in the allowable electric power generation amount determination process of the distributed power generation system in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態２における分散型発電システムを構成する発電量配分制御器のブロック図The block diagram of the electric power generation amount distribution controller which comprises the distributed power generation system in Embodiment 2 of this invention 本発明の実施の形態２における分散型発電システムを構成する発電量配分制御器での電力配分のアルゴリズムを示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows the algorithm of the electric power allocation in the electric power generation amount distribution controller which comprises the distributed power generation system in Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態２における分散型発電システムでの電力需要のトレンドを示すチャートThe chart which shows the trend of the electric power demand in the distributed power generation system in Embodiment 2 of this invention 従来の分散型発電システムのブロック図Block diagram of a conventional distributed power generation system 従来の分散型発電システムにおける各発電装置への発電量配分の様子を示すブロック図Block diagram showing how power generation is distributed to each power generator in a conventional distributed power generation system

１００ 電力ネットワーク
１０１ 通信ネットワーク
１０２ 発電量配分制御器
１０３，１０７ 電力負荷
１０４，１０８ 発電装置
１０５，１０９ 運転制御器
１０６，１１０ 燃料電池
２０１ 通信器
２０２ 発電量管理器
２０３ 燃料電池制御器
３０１ 許可発電量制御器
３０２ 通信器
３０３ 総計算出器
３０４ 発電数制御器
６０１ 電力需要トレンド判定器
６０２ 中央発電域設定器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Electric power network 101 Communication network 102 Electric power generation amount distribution controller 103,107 Electric power load 104,108 Electric power generation apparatus 105,109 Operation controller 106,110 Fuel cell 201 Communication device 202 Electric power generation amount management 203 Fuel cell controller 301 Allowable electric power generation amount Controller 302 Communication device 303 Total calculator 304 Power generation number controller 601 Power demand trend determiner 602 Central power generation area setting device

Claims (5)

複数の発電装置により電力負荷に電力を供給する分散型発電システムであって、
前記電力負荷の総電力需要量を発電装置数で平均化した平均発電量が、中央発電域内に収まるように、発電する発電装置の数を制御する発電数制御器と、
前記中央発電域を設定する発電域設定器と、を備え、
前記発電域設定器は、前記電力負荷の電力需要量の変化の傾向に応じて前記中央発電域を更新することを特徴とする分散型発電システム。 A distributed power generation system that supplies power to a power load by a plurality of power generation devices,
A power generation number controller that controls the number of power generation devices that generate power, so that an average power generation amount obtained by averaging the total power demand of the power load by the number of power generation devices is within the central power generation area,
A power generation range setting device for setting the central power generation range,
The distributed power generation system, wherein the power generation area setting device updates the central power generation area in accordance with a tendency of change in power demand of the power load. 前記電力負荷の電力需要量が増加傾向の場合、前記発電域設定器は、前記中央発電域の上限値である第１の閾値及び前記中央発電域の下限値である第２の閾値を更新前より低い値に更新することを特徴とする請求項１記載の分散型発電システム。 When the power demand of the power load tends to increase, the power generation range setting device before updating the first threshold value that is the upper limit value of the central power generation range and the second threshold value that is the lower limit value of the central power generation range The distributed power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the value is updated to a lower value. 前記電力負荷の電力需要量が減少傾向の場合、前記発電域設定器は、前記中央発電域の上限値である第１の閾値及び前記中央発電域の下限値である第２の閾値を更新前より高い値に更新することを特徴とする請求項１記載の分散型発電システム。 When the power demand of the power load tends to decrease, the power generation range setting device before updating the first threshold value that is the upper limit value of the central power generation range and the second threshold value that is the lower limit value of the central power generation range The distributed power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the value is updated to a higher value. 前記発電域設定器は、前記電力負荷の電力需要量の変化の傾向の大きさに応じて前記中央発電域を更新することを特徴とする請求項１記載の分散型発電システム。 2. The distributed power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the power generation area setting device updates the central power generation area in accordance with a tendency of a change in a power demand amount of the power load. 複数の発電装置により電力負荷に電力を供給する分散型発電システムの制御方法であって、
前記電力負荷の総電力需要量を発電装置数で平均化した平均発電量が、中央値を含む中央発電域内に収まるように、発電する発電装置の数を制御する発電数制御ステップと、前記電力負荷の電力需要量の変化の傾向に応じて前記中央発電域を更新する中央発電域更新ステップを備えることを特徴とする分散型発電システムの制御方法。 A control method for a distributed power generation system that supplies power to a power load by a plurality of power generation devices,
A power generation number control step for controlling the number of power generation devices to generate power so that an average power generation amount obtained by averaging the total power demand of the power load by the number of power generation devices falls within a central power generation region including a median value; A control method for a distributed power generation system, comprising: a central power generation area updating step for updating the central power generation area in accordance with a tendency of a change in power demand of a load.
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