JP5292155B2 - 電源供給制御装置、電源装置および電源供給制御方法 - Google Patents
電源供給制御装置、電源装置および電源供給制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
- H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
- G05F1/569—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection
- G05F1/573—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overcurrent detector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to underload or no-load
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Description
本発明の第一の実施の形態に係る電源装置1の要部構成について図1を参照して説明する。図1は、電源装置1の要部構成図である。電源装置1は、図1に示すように、バッテリ10、ダイオード11、スイッチ12、抵抗13、抵抗14、ダイオード15、端子16、端子17、接地18、電源供給制御装置20を備える。また、電源供給制御装置20は、短絡検出部21、電圧測定部22、定電流供給部23を備える。また、電源装置1には、負荷19が端子16、17を介して接続されている。また、バッテリ10を充電するための充電制御部41を備えるが、以下の説明には直接関係が無いので説明を省略する。なお、以下に説明において、抵抗値、電圧値、電流値については、それぞれ単位Ω(オーム)、V(ボルト)、A(アンペア)の記載および図示を省略することとする。
次に、電源供給制御装置20の動作原理について図1〜図8を参照して説明する。まず、電源供給制御装置20が短絡を検出する動作原理について図2〜図4を参照して説明する。抵抗13の抵抗値をr1とし、抵抗14の抵抗値をr2とする。以下では、r1+r2=Rとして説明する。このときに、抵抗13の抵抗値r1と抵抗14の抵抗値r2との和Rは、負荷19の内部抵抗値rLと比較してきわめて大きくなるように設定することが好ましい(rL<<R)。すなわち、バッテリ10から負荷19に電源が供給される際、分岐点40によって抵抗13および抵抗14の方向に分岐される電流は、負荷19を駆動するためには使われないため、負荷19の方向に流れる電流と比較してきわめて小さいことが好ましい。一方で、電圧測定部22が測定可能な電圧値は、電圧測定部22の設計上、所定の値に決められている。よって、抵抗14の抵抗値r2は、電圧測定部22が測定可能な電圧値となるように設定されている。
バッテリ10は、スイッチ12、端子16、端子17を介して負荷19に電源を供給している。この場合には、図2に示すように、分岐点40によって負荷19に流れる電流i1(一点鎖線)の一部が分岐され、抵抗13、14側に電流値i2の電流(二点鎖線)が流れる。この電流値i2の電流によって抵抗13と抵抗14との接続点にはi2×r2=v1の電圧値が発生する。よって、電圧測定部22は、電圧値v1を短絡検出部21に出力する。このときには、負荷19の内部抵抗値rLは、抵抗13、14による抵抗値Rと比較してきわめて小さい抵抗値(rL<<R)となるため、電流値i2は電流値i1と比較してきわめて小さい電流値(i2<<i1)となる。
負荷19で短絡が発生すると、図3に示すように、負荷19が有する抵抗値r0Lは、ほぼ“0”になる(r0L≒0)。よって、負荷19に流れる電流値i3は、図2に示す電流値i1よりも増加する(i3>i1)。一方、抵抗13、14の分圧回路の間の電圧はほぼなくなるので、電圧測定部22は、電圧値“0”を短絡検出部21に出力する。
短絡検出部21が負荷19で発生した短絡を検出すると、図3に示すように、スイッチ12をOFF状態となるように制御する。これにより、図5に示すように、電源装置1は、負荷19に対する電源供給を停止する。このときに、電圧測定部22は、電圧値“0”を短絡検出部21に出力する。
負荷19で短絡が発生し、図5に示すように、スイッチ12がOFF状態になると、これを受けて、定電流供給部23は、図6に示すように、抵抗13と抵抗14との接続点に電流値isの定電流の供給を開始する。これにより、定電流供給部23は、ダイオード15の順バイアス方向に定電流を供給する。この電流値isは、たとえば10μAなどのきわめて小さい電流値である。この電流値isの定電流は、抵抗13の抵抗値r1をダイオード15の内部抵抗値よりも十分大きく設定しているので、ダイオード15、端子16、負荷19、端子17を介して接地18に流れる。この電流値isの定電流によって、ダイオード15には、is×(ダイオード15の内部抵抗)=v2の電圧値が発生する。なお、抵抗13の抵抗値r1はダイオード15の内部抵抗値より数千倍以上大きいことが好ましい。よって、電圧測定部22は、電圧値v2を短絡検出部21に出力する。また、電圧値v2は、ダイオード15の順方向電圧降下(Vf)に相当する。
負荷19で発生した短絡が解消すると、図7に示すように、負荷19は、正常時の抵抗値rLに戻る。あるいは負荷19が接続状態となる。抵抗値r0L≒0であったので、rL>>r0Lとなる。これによって、抵抗14には、電流値i4の電流が流れる。これにより、抵抗14には、i4×r2=v3の電圧値が発生する。この抵抗14に流れる電流値i4の電流は出力側がオープン状態であれば電流値isの定電流と等しい。よって、電圧測定部22は、電圧値v3を短絡検出部21に出力する。なお、図7において負荷19を流れる電流値i5は、(=is−i4)になる。
START:電源供給制御装置20は、電源装置1が稼働を開始すると、ステップS1の処理へ移行する。なお、電源装置1が稼働を開始するとは、不図示の電源装置1の起動スイッチがON状態となる。あるいは、バッテリ10が電源装置1に装着されるなどの状態をいう。
電圧測定部22は、電圧値v1を出力する。このとき短絡検出部21は、短絡を検出していないため、スイッチ12をON状態としている。また、短絡検出部21は、定電流供給部23に対して定電流供給を指示していない。また、このときの端子16、17の電圧値はvTとする。
電圧測定部22は、電圧値“0”を出力する。短絡検出部21は、閾値Th♯1よりも低い電圧値“0”が電圧測定部22から出力されたので短絡を検出する。ここで、短絡状態と判断された場合、バッテリ(電源)10を保護する必要があるので、スイッチ12をOFF状態に移行する時間は速い方が好ましく、スイッチ12をOFF状態に移行する時間は、たとえば500μsec(マイクロセコンド)以下が好ましい。このとき短絡検出部21は、バッテリ10にとって影響の無い瞬間的な短絡については無視したいので多少の監視時間を設けてある。この監視時間は、たとえば250μsecである。また、このときの端子16、17の電圧値は“0”になる。したがって、スイッチ12をOFF状態に移行する時間は、たとえば250μsec〜500μsec以下が好ましい。
短絡検出部21は、監視時間(たとえば250μsec)が経過すると、スイッチ12をOFF状態に制御する。また、短絡検出部21は、スイッチ12をOFF状態に制御すると共に、定電流供給部23に定電流供給の指示を出す。定電流供給部23は、短絡検出部21からの指示を受けて定電流の供給を開始する。また、このときの端子16、17の電圧値は“0”のままである。
負荷19の短絡が継続している状態では、定電流供給部23がダイオード15の順バイアス方向に供給する定電流によってダイオード15にはダイオード15の順方向電圧降下Vfに相当する電圧値v2が発生し続ける。電圧測定部22は、この電圧値v2を短絡検出部21に出力する。短絡検出部21は、電圧測定部22からの電圧値v2と閾値Th♯2とを比較し、電圧値v2が閾値Th♯2未満であるので短絡が解消していないと判断する。また、このときの端子16、17の電圧値は“0”のままである。
負荷19の短絡が解消すると、定電流供給部23が供給する定電流は抵抗14側に流れるようになる。これにより、電圧測定部22は、閾値Th♯2以上の電圧値v3を短絡検出部21に出力する。短絡検出部21は、電圧値v3と閾値Th♯2とを比較し、電圧値v3(V)がTh♯2以上であるので負荷19の短絡解消を検出する。このとき短絡検出部21は、瞬間的な短絡解消については無視したいので多少の監視時間を設けてある。この監視時間は、たとえば250μsec(マイクロセコンド)である。また、このときの端子16、17の電圧値vtは、(i5×rL)となる。
短絡検出部21は、監視時間(たとえば250μsec)が経過すると、スイッチ12をON状態に制御すると共に定電流供給部23に対して定電流供給の停止を指示する。定電流供給部23は、短絡検出部21からの定電流供給の停止指示を受け取ると定電流の供給を停止する。
本発明の第二の実施の形態に係る電源装置1Aの要部構成について図11を参照して説明する。図11は、電源装置1Aの要部構成図である。電源装置1Aは、電源装置1とは一部が異なる。以下では、第一の実施の形態と同一または同種の部材は同一または同一系の符号を用いて説明し、その説明を省略または簡略化し、かつ異なる部材について主として説明する。
次に、電源供給制御装置20Aの動作原理について図12を参照して説明する。負荷19が正常(短絡無し)である場合(図12のT1)、電圧測定部22Aは、ダイオード15および負荷19の内部抵抗と定電流供給部23Aがダイオード15の順バイアス方向に対して供給する電流値isの定電流とによって生じる電圧値v1Aを測定している。
電源供給制御装置20は、短絡検出部21、電圧測定部22、定電流供給部23の3つの機能ブロックからなる構成として説明したが、これらの機能を併せ持つ1つの電子回路を構成し、この電子回路をIC(Integrated Circuit)として実現することができる。
Processor)、マイクロプロセッサ(マイクロコンピュータ)など)によって構成されてもよい。例えば、汎用の情報処理装置は、メモリ、CPU、入出力ポートなどを有する。汎用の情報処理装置のCPUは、メモリなどから所定のプログラムとして制御プログラムを読み込んで実行する。これにより、汎用の情報処理装置には、電源供給制御装置20の短絡検出部21、電圧測定部22、定電流供給部23の機能が実現される。
本発明の実施の形態は、その要旨を逸脱しない限り、様々に変更が可能である。たとえば、図9のフローチャートにおいて、ステップS1の電圧値が閾値Th♯1以下であるか否かを判断する処理を、電圧値が閾値Th♯1未満であるか否かを判断する処理に変更してもよい。ステップS4の電圧値が閾値Th♯2以上であるか否かを判断する処理を、電圧値が閾値Th♯2を超えたか否かを判断する処理に変更してもよい。
Claims (3)
- 負荷が接続される一対の端子への電力の供給を制御する電力供給制御装置において、
前記一対の端子の電圧と所定の関係にある電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、
この電圧測定部の測定した電圧から、前記一対の端子間における短絡の存在を検出し、短絡の存在が検出されたときには、前記一対の端子への電力の供給を停止させる短絡検出部と、
定電流を前記一対の端子間に供給する定電流供給部と、
を備え、
前記定電流供給部は、前記一対の端子へ供給される電力に対して逆バイアスとなり、前記定電流に対して順バイアスとなるダイオードを介して、前記定電流を前記一対の端子間に供給し、
前記電圧測定部は、前記定電流供給部と前記ダイオードとの接続点の電圧を測定し、
前記短絡検出部は、前記定電流供給部が前記一対の端子間に前記定電流を供給している状態で、前記電圧測定部の測定した電圧が所定の閾値以上または所定の閾値を超えたときに、前記負荷の短絡が解消されたことを検出する
ことを特徴とする電力供給制御装置。 - 負荷が接続される一対の端子と、
前記一対の端子に電力を供給するバッテリと、
前記バッテリから前記負荷に供給される電力を接続または切断するスイッチと、
前記スイッチを選択的に制御し、前記一対の端子間に短絡の存在が検出されたときには前記スイッチを切断し、前記短絡が解消されたときには前記スイッチを接続する電力供給制御装置と、
を備え、
前記電力供給制御装置は、
前記一対の端子の電圧と所定の関係にある電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、
この電圧測定部の測定した電圧から、前記一対の端子間における短絡の存在を検出し、短絡の存在が検出されたときには、前記スイッチに、前記一対の端子への電力の供給を切断させる短絡検出部と、
定電流を前記一対の端子間に供給する定電流供給部と、
を有し、
前記定電流供給部は、前記一対の端子へ供給される電力に対して逆バイアスとなり、前記定電流に対して順バイアスとなるダイオードを介して、前記定電流を前記一対の端子間に供給し、
前記電圧測定部は、前記定電流供給部と前記ダイオードとの接続点の電圧を測定し、
前記短絡検出部は、前記定電流供給部が前記一対の端子間に前記定電流を供給している状態で、前記電圧測定部の測定した電圧が所定の閾値以上または所定の閾値を超えたときに、前記負荷の短絡が解消されたことを検出する
ことを特徴とする電源装置。 - 負荷が接続される一対の端子の電圧と所定の関係にある電圧を測定し、
測定した電圧から、前記一対の端子間における短絡の存在を検出し、
短絡の存在が検出されたときには、前記一対の端子への電力の供給を停止させる
電力供給制御方法において、
前記一対の端子間には、定電流供給部から、前記一対の端子へ供給される電力に対して逆バイアスとなり前記定電流に対して順バイアスとなるダイオードを介して、定電流が供給され、
前記一対の端子の電圧と所定の関係にある電圧は、前記定電流供給部と前記ダイオードとの接続点で測定され、
前記一対の端子間に前記定電流を供給している状態で、前記測定した電圧が所定の閾値以上または所定の閾値を超えたときに、前記負荷の短絡が解消されたことを検出する
ことを特徴とする電力供給制御方法。
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JPS5996604A (ja) | 1982-11-24 | 1984-06-04 | 株式会社フジクラ | 転位複合絶縁電線 |
JPS5996604U (ja) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-06-30 | ソニー株式会社 | 電源安定化回路の保護回路 |
JPH078532A (ja) | 1992-03-17 | 1995-01-13 | Daitoubou Shinsou Kk | 携帯サウナ |
JPH06233446A (ja) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-19 | Rohm Co Ltd | 電源供給回路及びそれを備えたカメラ一体型ビデオテープレコーダ |
JP3963597B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-06 | 2007-08-22 | 新日本無線株式会社 | 短絡保護回路 |
US7042280B1 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2006-05-09 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Over-current protection circuit |
TW200935698A (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-16 | Holtek Semiconductor Inc | Power IC with over-current protection andits circuit and method |
-
2009
- 2009-03-27 JP JP2009079798A patent/JP5292155B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US11381095B2 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2022-07-05 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Management device, energy storage apparatus, and management method for energy storage device |
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US20100259856A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
JP2010233389A (ja) | 2010-10-14 |
US8369056B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 |
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