JP5287085B2 - Unloader mechanism, unloader yoke, and reciprocating compressor - Google Patents

Unloader mechanism, unloader yoke, and reciprocating compressor Download PDF

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JP5287085B2
JP5287085B2 JP2008244863A JP2008244863A JP5287085B2 JP 5287085 B2 JP5287085 B2 JP 5287085B2 JP 2008244863 A JP2008244863 A JP 2008244863A JP 2008244863 A JP2008244863 A JP 2008244863A JP 5287085 B2 JP5287085 B2 JP 5287085B2
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valve plate
valve
unloader
diameter
reciprocating compressor
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JP2010077841A (en
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稔 川根
長規 金島
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IHI Corp
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Description

本発明は、レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えるアンローダ機構、及びレシプロ圧縮機における吸入弁を開いた状態に保持するアンローダヨーク等に関する。   The present invention relates to an unloader mechanism that switches an operation state of a reciprocating compressor from a loaded operation state to a no-load operation state, an unloader yoke that holds an intake valve in the reciprocating compressor in an open state, and the like.

通常、圧縮空気を生成するレシプロ圧縮機あっては、運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えるアンローダ機構を装備しており、一般的なアンローダ機構の構成等は、次のようになる。   Normally, a reciprocating compressor that generates compressed air is equipped with an unloader mechanism that switches the operation state from a load operation state to a no-load operation state, and the configuration of a general unloader mechanism is as follows. .

即ち、レシプロ圧縮機における弁押えには、作動桿が設けられており、この作動桿は、レシプロ圧縮機における吸入弁に対して接近する接近方向・離隔する離隔方向（換言すれば、吸入弁を開く開方向・閉じる閉方向）へ移動可能である。また、弁押えの頂面には、ダイヤフラムが作動桿の基端面を覆うように設けられており、このダイヤフラムは、操作圧力を受けると前記作動桿を前記接近方向へ押圧するように構成されている。更に、弁押えの内部には、作動桿を前記離反方向へ付勢するスプリングが設けられている。   That is, the valve presser in the reciprocating compressor is provided with an operating rod, and this operating rod is arranged in the approaching direction or the separating direction in which the suction valve is approached to the suction valve in the reciprocating compressor (in other words, the suction valve is operated). It is possible to move in the opening and closing directions. Further, a diaphragm is provided on the top surface of the valve presser so as to cover a base end surface of the operating rod, and this diaphragm is configured to press the operating rod in the approaching direction when receiving an operation pressure. Yes. Further, a spring for urging the operating rod in the separating direction is provided inside the valve presser.

作動桿の先端部には、吸入弁を開いた状態（開放した状態）に保持するアンローダヨークが設けられている。また、アンローダヨークは、吸入弁における大径の外輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第１押圧爪、及び吸入弁における中径の中間弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第２押圧爪を有している（後述の比較例に係るアンローダヨーク参照）。   An unloader yoke that holds the suction valve in an open state (opened state) is provided at the distal end portion of the operating rod. The unloader yoke has a plurality of first pressing claws that press to open the large-diameter outer ring valve plate in the suction valve, and a plurality of second pressing claws that press to open the intermediate-diameter intermediate valve plate in the suction valve. (See the unloader yoke according to a comparative example described later).

従って、レシプロ圧縮機の運転中に、ダイヤフラムに操作圧力を適宜に供給して、ダイヤフラムによって作動桿を前記接近方向へ押圧することにより、作動桿をスプリングの付勢力に抗して前記接近方向へ移動させて、複数の第１押圧爪及び複数の第２押圧爪によって外輪弁板及び中間弁板をそれぞれ開くように押圧する。これにより、アンローダヨークによって吸入弁を開いた状態に保持して、レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えることができる。   Accordingly, during operation of the reciprocating compressor, operating pressure is appropriately supplied to the diaphragm, and the operating rod is pressed in the approaching direction by the diaphragm, so that the operating rod is moved in the approaching direction against the biasing force of the spring. The outer ring valve plate and the intermediate valve plate are each opened by the plurality of first pressing claws and the plurality of second pressing claws. As a result, the operation state of the reciprocating compressor can be switched from the load operation state to the no-load operation state while the suction valve is held open by the unloader yoke.

レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を無負荷運転状態に切り替えた後に、ダイヤフラムに対する操作圧力の供給を停止することにより、作動桿をスプリングの付勢力によって前記離隔方向へ移動させて、複数の第１押圧爪による押圧状態、及び複数の第２押圧爪による押圧状態をそれぞれ解除する。これにより、レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態に復帰させることができる。   After the operation state of the reciprocating compressor is switched to the no-load operation state, by stopping the supply of the operation pressure to the diaphragm, the operating rod is moved in the separation direction by the biasing force of the spring, and the plurality of first pressing claws And the pressing state by the plurality of second pressing claws are respectively released. Thereby, the operation state of the reciprocating compressor can be returned to the load operation state.

なお、本発明に関連する先行技術として特許文献１及び特許文献２に示すものがある。
特開２００２−１１５６６３号公報 特開平１１−１１７８７０号公報 In addition, there exists a thing shown to patent document 1 and patent document 2 as a prior art relevant to this invention.
JP 2002-115663 A JP-A-11-117870

ところで、前述の一般的なアンローダ機構にあっては、アンローダヨークによって吸入弁における大径の外輪弁板及び中径の中間弁板を開くように押圧するものの、吸入弁における小径の内輪弁板を開くように押圧することなく、レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を無負荷運転状態に切り替えており、吸入弁を十分に開いた状態に保持できなかった。そのため、無負荷運転状態における吸入弁の空気の流れ抵抗が大きくなり、レシプロ圧縮機の消費動力（消費電力）を十分に低減することが困難であった。   By the way, in the above-described general unloader mechanism, the unloader yoke presses the large-diameter outer ring valve plate and the medium-diameter intermediate valve plate in the intake valve so that the small-diameter inner ring valve plate in the intake valve is opened. The operation state of the reciprocating compressor was switched to the no-load operation state without pressing it to open, and the intake valve could not be kept fully open. Therefore, the air flow resistance of the intake valve in the no-load operation state increases, and it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the power consumption (power consumption) of the reciprocating compressor.

そこで、本発明は、前述の問題を解決することができる、新規な構成のアンローダ機構、アンローダヨーク、及びレシプロ圧縮機を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an unloader mechanism, an unloader yoke, and a reciprocating compressor having a novel configuration that can solve the above-described problems.

本発明の第１の特徴は、レシプロ圧縮機における吸入弁を開いた状態（開放した状態）に保持して、前記レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えるアンローダ機構において、前記レシプロ圧縮機における弁押えに設けられ、前記吸入弁に対して接近する接近方向・離隔する離隔方向（換言すれば、前記吸入弁を開く開方向・閉じる閉方向）へ移動可能な作動桿と、前記弁押えの頂面に前記作動桿の基端面を覆うように設けられ、操作圧力を受けると前記作動桿を前記接近方向へ押圧するように構成されたダイヤフラムと、前記作動桿を前記離反方向へ付勢する付勢部材と、前記作動桿の先端部に設けられ、前記吸入弁における大径（大内径及び大外径）の外輪弁板上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されかつ前記外輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第１押圧爪、前記吸入弁における中径（中内径及び中外径）の中間弁板上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されかつ前記中間弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第２押圧爪、及び前記吸入弁における小径（小内径及び小外径）の内輪弁板上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されかつ前記内輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第３押圧爪を有し、前記吸入弁を開いた状態に保持するアンローダヨークと、を備え、前記アンローダヨークが一枚板からなることを要旨とする。 A first feature of the present invention resides in an unloader mechanism that holds an intake valve in a reciprocating compressor in an open state (opened state) and switches the operating state of the reciprocating compressor from a load operating state to a no-load operating state. An actuating rod provided on a valve presser in the reciprocating compressor and movable in an approaching direction and a separating direction approaching the suction valve (in other words, an opening direction and a closing direction for opening the suction valve) And a diaphragm configured to cover the base end surface of the operating rod on the top surface of the valve presser and configured to press the operating rod in the approaching direction upon receiving an operation pressure, and the operating rod An urging member for urging in the separating direction, and provided at a tip portion of the operating rod, on an outer ring valve plate of a large diameter (a large inner diameter and a large outer diameter) in the suction valve at equal intervals along the circumferential direction Arranged and A plurality of first pressing claws that press the outer ring valve plate to open, and are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on an intermediate valve plate of medium diameter (medium inner diameter and medium outer diameter) in the suction valve and the intermediate A plurality of second pressing claws that press to open the valve plate, and the inner ring valve arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on a small diameter (small inner diameter and small outer diameter) inner ring valve plate of the suction valve; An unloader yoke having a plurality of third pressing claws that press the plate so as to open the plate and holding the suction valve in an open state, the unloader yoke being a single plate .

なお、本願の特許請求の範囲及び明細書において、「設けられ」とは、直接的に設けられたことの他に、介在部材を介して間接的に設けられたことを含む意である。   In the claims and specification of the present application, “provided” means not only directly provided but also indirectly provided via an interposition member.

第１の特徴によると、前記レシプロ圧縮機の運転中に、前記ダイヤフラムに操作圧力を適宜に供給して、前記ダイヤフラムによって前記作動桿を前記接近方向へ押圧することにより、前記作動桿を前記付勢部材の付勢力に抗して前記接近方向へ移動させて、複数の前記第１押圧爪、複数の前記第２押圧爪、及び複数の前記第３押圧爪によって、前記外輪弁板、前記中間弁板、及び前記内輪弁板をそれぞれ開くように押圧する。これにより、前記アンローダヨークによって前記吸入弁を開いた状態に保持して、前記レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えることができる。   According to the first feature, during operation of the reciprocating compressor, an operating pressure is appropriately supplied to the diaphragm, and the operating rod is pressed in the approaching direction by the diaphragm, whereby the operating rod is attached to the diaphragm. The outer ring valve plate and the intermediate member are moved in the approaching direction against the urging force of the urging member, and the plurality of first pressing claws, the plurality of second pressing claws, and the plurality of third pressing claws The valve plate and the inner ring valve plate are pressed to open. Accordingly, the suction valve is held open by the unloader yoke, and the operation state of the reciprocating compressor can be switched from the load operation state to the no-load operation state.

ここで、前記アンローダヨークによって大径の前記外輪弁板及び中径の前記中間弁板だけでなく、小径の前記内輪弁板を開くように押圧しているため、前記吸入弁を十分に解放した状態に保持することができる。また、複数の前記第１押圧爪、複数の前記第２押圧爪、及び複数の前記第３押圧爪がそれぞれ前記外輪弁板上、前記中間弁板上、及び前記内輪弁板上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されているため、複数の前記第１押圧爪、複数の前記第２押圧爪、及び複数の前記第３押圧爪によってそれぞれ前記外輪弁板、前記中間弁板、及び前記内輪弁板を円周方向に沿って均等に押圧することができ、前記吸入弁を安定的に開いた状態に保持することができる。   Here, since the unloader yoke is pressed to open not only the large-diameter outer ring valve plate and medium-diameter intermediate valve plate but also the small-diameter inner ring valve plate, the intake valve is sufficiently released. Can be kept in a state. A plurality of the first pressing claws, a plurality of the second pressing claws, and a plurality of the third pressing claws are circumferentially arranged on the outer ring valve plate, the intermediate valve plate, and the inner ring valve plate, respectively. Are arranged at equal intervals along the outer ring valve plate, the intermediate valve plate, and the plurality of first press claws, the plurality of second press claws, and the plurality of third press claws, respectively. The inner ring valve plate can be evenly pressed along the circumferential direction, and the intake valve can be held in a stable open state.

前記レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を無負荷運転状態に切り替えた後に、前記ダイヤフラムに対する操作圧力の供給を停止することにより、前記作動桿を前記付勢部材の付勢力によって前記離隔方向へ移動させて、複数の前記第１押圧爪による押圧状態、複数の前記第２押圧爪による押圧状態、及び複数の前記第３押圧爪による押圧状態をそれぞれ解除する。これにより、前記レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態に復帰させることができる。   After switching the operating state of the reciprocating compressor to a no-load operating state, by stopping the supply of operating pressure to the diaphragm, the operating rod is moved in the separation direction by the biasing force of the biasing member, The pressing state by the plurality of first pressing claws, the pressing state by the plurality of second pressing claws, and the pressing state by the plurality of third pressing claws are respectively released. Thereby, the operation state of the reciprocating compressor can be returned to the load operation state.

本発明の第２の特徴は、レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えるアンローダ機構に用いられ、前記レシプロ圧縮機における吸入弁を開いた状態（開放した状態）に保持するアンローダヨークにおいて、前記吸入弁における大径の外輪弁板と同径の仮想リング上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置され、前記外輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第１押圧爪と、前記吸入弁における中径の中間弁板と同径の仮想リング上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置され、前記中間弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第２押圧爪と、前記吸入弁における小径の内輪弁板と同径の仮想リング上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置され、前記内輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第３押圧爪と、を備え、一枚板からなることを要旨とする。 A second feature of the present invention is used in an unloader mechanism that switches the operating state of a reciprocating compressor from a load operating state to a no-load operating state, and holds the intake valve in the reciprocating compressor in an open state (open state). In the unloader yoke, a plurality of first presses that are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on a virtual ring having the same diameter as the large-diameter outer ring valve plate in the intake valve and press the open ring valve plate so as to open the outer ring valve plate And a plurality of second pressing claws arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on a virtual ring having the same diameter as the intermediate valve plate having the same diameter as the intermediate valve plate in the suction valve and pressing the intermediate valve plate to open. A plurality of third pressing claws disposed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on a virtual ring having the same diameter as the small-diameter inner ring valve plate in the intake valve and pressing the inner ring valve plate so as to open the inner ring valve plate. , and abstracts that it consists a single plate That.

なお、第２の特徴によると、第１の特徴による作用と同様の作用を奏する。   In addition, according to the 2nd characteristic, there exists an effect | action similar to the effect | action by a 1st characteristic.

第３の特徴は、圧縮ガス（圧縮空気を含む）を生成するレシプロ圧縮機において、第１の特徴からなるアンローダ機構を備えたことを要旨とする。   The gist of the third feature is that a reciprocating compressor that generates compressed gas (including compressed air) is provided with an unloader mechanism comprising the first feature.

なお、第３の特徴によると、第１の特徴による作用と同様の作用を奏する。   In addition, according to the 3rd characteristic, there exists an effect | action similar to the effect | action by a 1st characteristic.

本発明によれば、前記吸入弁を十分かつ安定的に解放した状態に保持することができるため、無負荷運転状態における前記吸入弁のガスの流れ抵抗を小さくして、前記レシプロ圧縮機の消費動力（消費電力）を十分に低減することができる。   According to the present invention, since the suction valve can be held in a sufficiently and stably released state, the gas flow resistance of the suction valve in a no-load operation state is reduced, and the consumption of the reciprocating compressor is reduced. Power (power consumption) can be sufficiently reduced.

本発明の実施形態について図１から図５を参照して説明する。ここで、図１は、本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダ機構を示す断面図、図２は、本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダヨークと吸入弁の関係を示す断面図、図３は、本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダヨークと吸入弁の関係を示す平面図、図４は、本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダヨークと弁押えの関係を示す斜視図、図５は、本発明の実施形態に係るレシプロ圧縮機の模式図である。   An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an unloader mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a relationship between an unloader yoke and an intake valve according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the unloader yoke and the valve presser according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows the embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram of the reciprocating compressor which concerns.

図５に示すように、本発明の実施形態に係るレシプロ圧縮機１は、空気（ガスの一例）を２段階に分けて圧縮して、圧縮空気（圧縮ガスの一例）を生成するものであって、レシプロ圧縮機１の構成について概略的に説明すると、次のようになる。   As shown in FIG. 5, the reciprocating compressor 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention compresses air (an example of gas) in two stages to generate compressed air (an example of compressed gas). The configuration of the reciprocating compressor 1 is roughly described as follows.

即ち、レシプロ圧縮機１における支持フレーム（図示省略）には、水平方向へ延びたクランク軸３が回転可能に設けられており、このクランク軸３は、軸心に対して偏心した２つの偏心部５を有している。また、支持フレームには、クランク軸３を回転させるモータ７が設けられており、このモータ７の出力軸９は、クランク軸３の基端部にカップリング等によって連結されている。   That is, a support shaft (not shown) in the reciprocating compressor 1 is provided with a crankshaft 3 extending in the horizontal direction so as to be rotatable. The crankshaft 3 has two eccentric portions that are eccentric with respect to the shaft center. 5 Further, the support frame is provided with a motor 7 for rotating the crankshaft 3, and an output shaft 9 of the motor 7 is connected to a base end portion of the crankshaft 3 by a coupling or the like.

支持フレームには、２つの復動式のシリンダ（第１段シリンダ１１、第２段シリンダ１３）がクランク軸３の軸心を中心として放射状に設けられており、第１段シリンダ１１は、最初に空気を圧縮するものであって、第２段シリンダ１３は、第１段シリンダ１１によって圧縮された空気（圧縮空気）をより高圧に圧縮するものである。そして、各シリンダ１１（１３）は、支持フレームに固定されたシリンダブロック１５と、このシリンダブロック１５内に往復動可能に設けられたピストン１７と、基端部がピストン１７に連結されかつ先端部が対応する偏心部５にコネクティングロッド１９を介して回転自在に連結されたピストンロッド２１と、シリンダブロック１５の上端側及び下端側における複数の吸入ポート２３（図１参照）に弁押え２５（図１参照）を介してそれぞれ設けられた吸入弁２７と、シリンダブロック１５の上端側及び下端側における複数の吐出ポート（図示省略）に弁押え（図示省略）を介してそれぞれ設けられた吐出弁２９とを備えている。   The support frame is provided with two reciprocating cylinders (first-stage cylinder 11 and second-stage cylinder 13) radially about the axis of the crankshaft 3. The second stage cylinder 13 compresses the air (compressed air) compressed by the first stage cylinder 11 to a higher pressure. Each cylinder 11 (13) includes a cylinder block 15 fixed to the support frame, a piston 17 provided in the cylinder block 15 so as to be able to reciprocate, a base end portion connected to the piston 17 and a distal end portion. And a piston rod 21 rotatably connected to the corresponding eccentric portion 5 via a connecting rod 19, and a plurality of suction ports 23 (see FIG. 1) on the upper end side and the lower end side of the cylinder block 15 and a valve presser 25 (see FIG. 1). 1) and a discharge valve 29 provided to each of a plurality of discharge ports (not shown) on the upper end side and lower end side of the cylinder block 15 via valve pressers (not shown). And.

第１段シリンダ１１における複数の吸入弁２７側には、空気を濾過するフィルタ３１が接続されてあり、第１段シリンダ１１における複数の吐出弁２９側と第２段シリンダ１３における複数の吸入弁２７側の間には、第１段シリンダ１１によって圧縮された空気を冷却するインタークーラ３３が設けられている。また、第２段シリンダ１３における複数の吐出弁２９側には、圧縮空気を吐出する吐出配管３５が設けられており、この吐出配管３５は、エアレザーバ（図示省略）に接続可能である。   Filters 31 for filtering air are connected to the side of the plurality of intake valves 27 in the first stage cylinder 11. The plurality of discharge valves 29 in the first stage cylinder 11 and the plurality of intake valves in the second stage cylinder 13 are connected. An intercooler 33 that cools the air compressed by the first stage cylinder 11 is provided between the 27th side. A discharge pipe 35 for discharging compressed air is provided on the side of the plurality of discharge valves 29 in the second cylinder 13, and the discharge pipe 35 can be connected to an air reservoir (not shown).

各シリンダ１１（１３）における吸入弁２７の具体的な構成は、次のようになる。   The specific configuration of the suction valve 27 in each cylinder 11 (13) is as follows.

即ち、図１から図３に示すように、シリンダブロック１５の吸入ポート２３には、円形の弁座３７が設けられており、この弁座３７には、大径（大外径）の仮想円の円周方向に沿って間隔を置いて並んだ複数（本発明の実施形態にあっては、８つ）の第１長穴３９、中径（中外径）の仮想円の円周方向に沿って間隔を置いて並んだ複数（本発明の実施形態にあっては、４つ）の第２長穴４１、及び小径（小外径）の仮想円の円周方向に沿って間隔を置いて並んだ複数（本発明の実施形態にあっては、２つ）の第３長穴４３が同心上に形成されている。また、弁座３７には、円形の弁ガイド４５がボルトを介して設けられており、この弁ガイド４５には、大径（大内径及び大外径）の第１リング溝４７、中径（中内径及び中外径）の第２リング溝４９、及び小径（小内径及び小外径）の第３リング溝５１が同心上に形成されている。 That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the suction port 23 of the cylinder block 15 is provided with a circular valve seat 37, and the valve seat 37 has a virtual circle having a large diameter (large outer diameter). A plurality of (eight in the embodiment of the present invention) first elongated holes 39 arranged along the circumferential direction, and along the circumferential direction of a virtual circle having a medium diameter (medium outer diameter) Are spaced along the circumferential direction of a plurality of (four in the embodiment of the present invention) second long holes 41 and a small circle (small outside diameter) virtual circle. A plurality of (three in the embodiment of the present invention) side-by-side third elongated holes 43 are formed concentrically. The valve seat 37 is provided with a circular valve guide 45 via bolts. The valve guide 45 includes a first ring groove 47 having a large diameter (a large inner diameter and a large outer diameter), a medium diameter ( A second ring groove 49 having a medium inner diameter and a medium outer diameter) and a third ring groove 51 having a small diameter (small inner diameter and small outer diameter) are formed concentrically.

弁ガイド４５の第１リング溝４７と弁座３７の間には、複数の第１長穴３９の開口部を開閉可能な大径（大内径及び大外径）の外輪弁板５３が大径（大内径及び大外径）の外輪バネ板５５及び外輪バッキング板５７を介して設けられている。また、弁ガイド４５の第２リング溝４９と弁座３７の間には、複数の第２長穴４１の開口部を開閉可能な中径（中内径及び中外径）の中間弁板５９が中径（中内径及び中外径）の中間バネ板６１及び中間バッキング板６３を介して設けられている。更に、弁ガイド４５の第３リング溝５１と弁座３７の間には、複数の第３長穴４３の開口部を開閉可能な小径（小内径及び小外径）の内輪弁板６５が小径（小内径及び小外径）の内輪バネ板６７及び内輪バッキング板６９を介して設けられている。なお、外輪弁板５３、中間弁板５９、及び内輪弁板６５は、それぞれ合成樹脂から構成されている。   Between the first ring groove 47 of the valve guide 45 and the valve seat 37, an outer ring valve plate 53 having a large diameter (a large inner diameter and a large outer diameter) capable of opening and closing the openings of the plurality of first elongated holes 39 has a large diameter. The outer ring spring plate 55 and the outer ring backing plate 57 (large inner diameter and large outer diameter) are provided. Further, between the second ring groove 49 of the valve guide 45 and the valve seat 37, there is an intermediate valve plate 59 of medium diameter (medium inner diameter and medium outer diameter) capable of opening and closing the openings of the plurality of second long holes 41. The intermediate spring plate 61 and the intermediate backing plate 63 having a diameter (medium inner diameter and medium outer diameter) are provided. Further, between the third ring groove 51 of the valve guide 45 and the valve seat 37, an inner ring valve plate 65 having a small diameter (small inner diameter and small outer diameter) capable of opening and closing the openings of the plurality of third long holes 43 is formed with a small diameter. The inner ring spring plate 67 and the inner ring backing plate 69 (small inner diameter and small outer diameter) are provided. The outer ring valve plate 53, the intermediate valve plate 59, and the inner ring valve plate 65 are each made of synthetic resin.

本発明の実施形態に係るレシプロ圧縮機１は、運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えるアンローダ機構７１を装備しており、このアンローダ機構７１の構成は、次のようになる。   The reciprocating compressor 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is equipped with an unloader mechanism 71 that switches an operation state from a load operation state to a no-load operation state, and the configuration of the unloader mechanism 71 is as follows.

即ち、図１及び図４に示すように、弁押え２５には、作動桿７３が設けられており、この作動桿７３は、スリーブと、このスリーブに貫通して固定されたボルトとからなるものであって、吸入弁２７に対して接近する接近方向・離隔する離隔方向（換言すれば、吸入弁２７を開く開方向・閉じる閉方向）へ移動可能である。また、弁押え２５の頂面には、ダイヤフラム７５が作動桿７３の基端面を覆うようにダイヤフラムキャップ７７を介して設けられており、このダイヤフラム７５は、表面側から操作圧力を受けると作動桿７３を前記接近方向へ押圧するように構成されている。更に、弁押え２５の内部には、スプリング７９が設けられており、このスプリング７９は、作動桿７３の基端面がダイヤフラム７５の裏面に圧接するように作動桿７３を前記離反方向へ付勢するものである。   That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the valve retainer 25 is provided with an operating rod 73, and this operating rod 73 is composed of a sleeve and a bolt that penetrates and is fixed to the sleeve. Thus, it can move in an approaching direction and a separating direction approaching the suction valve 27 (in other words, an opening direction and a closing direction in which the suction valve 27 is opened). A diaphragm 75 is provided on the top surface of the valve presser 25 via a diaphragm cap 77 so as to cover the base end surface of the operating rod 73. When the diaphragm 75 receives operating pressure from the surface side, the operating rod is operated. It is comprised so that 73 may be pressed to the said approach direction. Further, a spring 79 is provided inside the valve presser 25, and this spring 79 urges the operating rod 73 in the separating direction so that the base end surface of the operating rod 73 is in pressure contact with the back surface of the diaphragm 75. Is.

作動桿７３の先端部には、吸入弁２７を開いた状態（開放した状態）に保持するアンローダヨーク８１が設けられており、このアンローダヨーク８１は、一枚板からなるものであって、回止めピン８３によって弁押え２５に対して回転不能になっている。また、アンローダヨーク８１は、大径の外輪弁板５３を開くように押圧する複数（本発明の実施形態にあっては、８つ）の第１押圧爪８５、中径の中間弁板５９を開くように押圧する複数（本発明の実施形態にあっては、４つ）の第２押圧爪８７、及び小径の内輪弁板６５を開くように押圧する複数（本発明の実施形態にあっては、２つ）の第３押圧爪８９を有している。   An unloader yoke 81 that holds the suction valve 27 in an opened state (opened state) is provided at the tip of the operating rod 73. The unloader yoke 81 is made of a single plate and is rotated. The stop pin 83 prevents the valve presser 25 from rotating. The unloader yoke 81 includes a plurality of (eight in the embodiment of the present invention) first pressing claws 85 and an intermediate diameter intermediate valve plate 59 that press the large-diameter outer ring valve plate 53 to open. A plurality of (four in the embodiment of the present invention) second pressing claws 87 and a plurality of small diameter inner ring valve plates 65 to be pressed to open (in the embodiment of the present invention) Has two third pressing claws 89.

ここで、複数の第１押圧爪８５は、大径の外輪弁板５３上（換言すれば、大径の外輪弁板５３と同径の仮想リング上）に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されてあって、各第１押圧爪８５は、対応する第１長穴３９に挿通可能である。また、複数の第２押圧爪８７は、中径の中間弁板５９上（換言すれば、中径の中間弁板５９と同径の仮想リング上）に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されてあって、各第２押圧爪８７は、対応する第２長穴４１に挿通可能である。更に、複数の第３押圧爪８９は、小径の内輪弁板６５上（換言すれば、小径の内輪弁板６５と同径の仮想リング上）に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されてあって、各第３押圧爪８９は、対応する第３長穴４３に挿通可能である。   Here, the plurality of first pressing claws 85 are equally spaced along the circumferential direction on the large-diameter outer ring valve plate 53 (in other words, on the virtual ring having the same diameter as the large-diameter outer ring valve plate 53). It arrange | positions and each 1st press nail | claw 85 can be penetrated to the corresponding 1st long hole 39. FIG. Further, the plurality of second pressing claws 87 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the intermediate valve plate 59 having a medium diameter (in other words, on a virtual ring having the same diameter as the intermediate valve plate 59 having a medium diameter). Thus, each second pressing claw 87 can be inserted into the corresponding second long hole 41. Further, the plurality of third pressing claws 89 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the small-diameter inner ring valve plate 65 (in other words, on a virtual ring having the same diameter as the small-diameter inner ring valve plate 65). Thus, each third pressing claw 89 can be inserted into the corresponding third elongated hole 43.

続いて、本発明の実施形態の作用及び効果について説明する。   Then, the effect | action and effect of embodiment of this invention are demonstrated.

モータ７の駆動によりクランク軸３を回転させることにより、第１段シリンダ１１におけるピストン１７及び第２段シリンダ１３におけるピストン１７をそれぞれ往復動させることができる。これにより、第１段シリンダ１１及び第２段シリンダ１３によって空気を２段階に分けて高圧に圧縮して、圧縮空気を生成することができる。   By rotating the crankshaft 3 by driving the motor 7, the piston 17 in the first stage cylinder 11 and the piston 17 in the second stage cylinder 13 can be reciprocated, respectively. Thereby, the air can be compressed into high pressure in two stages by the first stage cylinder 11 and the second stage cylinder 13 to generate compressed air.

レシプロ圧縮機１の運転中に、ダイヤフラム７５に操作圧力を適宜に供給して、ダイヤフラム７５によって作動桿７３を前記接近方向へ押圧することにより、作動桿７３をスプリング７９の付勢力に抗して前記接近方向へ移動させて、複数の第１押圧爪８５、複数の第２押圧爪８７、及び複数の第３押圧爪８９によって、外輪弁板５３、中間弁板５９、及び内輪弁板６５をそれぞれ開くように押圧する。これにより、アンローダヨーク８１によって吸入弁２７を開いた状態に保持して、レシプロ圧縮機１の運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えることができる。   During operation of the reciprocating compressor 1, operating pressure is appropriately supplied to the diaphragm 75, and the operating rod 73 is pressed in the approaching direction by the diaphragm 75, so that the operating rod 73 resists the biasing force of the spring 79. The outer ring valve plate 53, the intermediate valve plate 59, and the inner ring valve plate 65 are moved in the approaching direction by the plurality of first pressing claws 85, the plurality of second pressing claws 87, and the plurality of third pressing claws 89. Press to open each one. Thereby, the suction valve 27 is held in the open state by the unloader yoke 81, and the operation state of the reciprocating compressor 1 can be switched from the load operation state to the no-load operation state.

ここで、アンローダヨーク８１によって大径の外輪弁板５３及び中径の中間弁板５９だけでなく、小径の内輪弁板６５を開くように押圧しているため、吸入弁２７を十分に解放した状態に保持することができる。また、複数の第１押圧爪８５、複数の第２押圧爪８７、及び複数の第３押圧爪８９がそれぞれ外輪弁板５３上、中間弁板５９上、及び内輪弁板６５上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されているため、複数の第１押圧爪８５、複数の第２押圧爪８７、及び複数の第３押圧爪８９によってそれぞれ外輪弁板５３、中間弁板５９、及び内輪弁板６５を円周方向に沿って均等に押圧することができ、吸入弁２７を安定的に開いた状態に保持することができる。   Here, the unloader yoke 81 presses not only the large-diameter outer ring valve plate 53 and the medium-diameter intermediate valve plate 59 but also the small-diameter inner ring valve plate 65 so that the intake valve 27 is fully released. Can be kept in a state. Further, the plurality of first pressing claws 85, the plurality of second pressing claws 87, and the plurality of third pressing claws 89 are circumferentially arranged on the outer ring valve plate 53, the intermediate valve plate 59, and the inner ring valve plate 65, respectively. Since the plurality of first pressing claws 85, the plurality of second pressing claws 87, and the plurality of third pressing claws 89 are arranged at equal intervals along the outer ring valve plate 53, the intermediate valve plate 59, and the inner ring, respectively. The valve plate 65 can be evenly pressed along the circumferential direction, and the suction valve 27 can be stably held open.

レシプロ圧縮機１の運転状態を無負荷運転状態に切り替えた後に、ダイヤフラム７５に対する操作圧力の供給を停止することにより、作動桿７３をスプリング７９の付勢力によって前記離隔方向へ移動させて、複数の第１押圧爪８５による押圧状態、複数の第２押圧爪８７による押圧状態、及び複数の第３押圧爪８９による押圧状態をそれぞれ解除する。これにより、レシプロ圧縮機１の運転状態を負荷運転状態に復帰させることができる。   After switching the operation state of the reciprocating compressor 1 to the no-load operation state, the operation rod 73 is moved in the separation direction by the urging force of the spring 79 by stopping the supply of the operation pressure to the diaphragm 75, thereby The pressing state by the first pressing claw 85, the pressing state by the plurality of second pressing claws 87, and the pressing state by the plurality of third pressing claws 89 are respectively released. Thereby, the operation state of the reciprocating compressor 1 can be returned to the load operation state.

従って、本発明の実施形態によれば、吸入弁２７を十分かつ安定的に解放した状態に保持することができるため、無負荷運転状態における吸入弁２７の空気の流れ抵抗を小さくして、レシプロ圧縮機１の消費動力（消費電力）を十分に低減することができる。   Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the suction valve 27 can be held in a sufficiently and stably released state, the air flow resistance of the suction valve 27 in the no-load operation state is reduced, and the reciprocating The power consumption (power consumption) of the compressor 1 can be sufficiently reduced.

なお、本発明は、前述の実施形態の説明に限られるものではなく、その他、種々の態様で実施可能である。また、本発明に包含される権利範囲は、これらの実施形態に限定されないものである。   In addition, this invention is not restricted to description of the above-mentioned embodiment, In addition, it can implement in a various aspect. Further, the scope of rights encompassed by the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

（比較例）
実施例の具体的な内容について説明する前に、図６及び図７を参照して比較例に係るアンローダヨークについて簡単に説明する。ここで、図６は、比較例に係るアンローダヨークと吸入弁の関係を示す平面図、図７は、比較例に係るアンローダヨークと弁押えの関係を示す斜視図である。 (Comparative example)
Before describing the specific contents of the embodiment, the unloader yoke according to the comparative example will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the relationship between the unloader yoke and the suction valve according to the comparative example, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the unloader yoke and the valve presser according to the comparative example.

図６及び図７に示すように、比較例に係るアンローダヨーク９１は、従来タイプのアンローダヨークであって、大径の外輪弁板５３を開くように押圧する複数（比較例にあっては、４つ）の第１押圧爪９３、及び中径の中間弁板５９を開くように押圧する複数（比較例にあっては、２つ）の第２押圧爪９５を有している。   As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the unloader yoke 91 according to the comparative example is a conventional type unloader yoke, and a plurality of the unloader yokes 91 that press the large-diameter outer ring valve plate 53 to open (in the comparative example, There are four (four) first pressing claws 93 and a plurality of (two in the comparative example) second pressing claws 95 that press the middle diameter intermediate valve plate 59 so as to open.

（実施例の具体的な内容）
アンローダ機構に代えて比較例に係るアンローダヨーク９１を用いた場合には、無負荷運転状態におけるレシプロ圧縮機の動力（電力）が１５ｋＷであるのに対して、アンローダ機構に本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダヨーク８１を用いた場合には、無負荷運転状態におけるレシプロ圧縮機の動力が１０．５ｋＷになったことが確認できた。つまり、アンローダ機構に本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダヨーク８１を用いることにより、無負荷運転状態におけるレシプロ圧縮機の動力を３０％低減することができた。 (Specific contents of the example)
When the unloader yoke 91 according to the comparative example is used instead of the unloader mechanism, the power (electric power) of the reciprocating compressor in the no-load operation state is 15 kW, whereas the unloader mechanism is an embodiment of the present invention. When such an unloader yoke 81 was used, it was confirmed that the power of the reciprocating compressor in the no-load operation state was 10.5 kW. That is, by using the unloader yoke 81 according to the embodiment of the present invention for the unloader mechanism, the power of the reciprocating compressor in the no-load operation state can be reduced by 30%.

本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダ機構を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the unloader mechanism which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダヨークと吸入弁の関係を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the relationship between the unloader yoke and suction valve which concern on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダヨークと吸入弁の関係を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the relationship between the unloader yoke and suction valve which concern on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係るアンローダヨークと弁押えの関係を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the relationship between the unloader yoke which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and a valve holder. 本発明の実施形態に係るレシプロ圧縮機の模式図である。It is a mimetic diagram of a reciprocating compressor concerning an embodiment of the present invention. 比較例に係るアンローダヨークと吸入弁の関係を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the relationship between the unloader yoke and suction valve which concern on a comparative example. 比較例に係るアンローダヨークと弁押えの関係を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the relationship between the unloader yoke and valve presser concerning a comparative example.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ レシプロ圧縮機
１１ 第１段シリンダ
１３ 第２段シリンダ
１５ シリンダブロック
１７ ピストン
１９ コネクティングロッド
２１ ピストンロッド
２５ 弁押え
２７ 吸入弁
２９ 吐出弁
５３ 外輪弁板
５９ 中間弁板
６５ 内輪弁板
７１ アンローダ機構
７３ 作動桿
７５ ダイヤフラム
７７ ダイヤフラムキャップ
７９ スプリング
８１ アンローダヨーク
８３ 回止めピン
８５ 第１押圧爪
８７ 第２押圧爪
８９ 第３押圧爪 1 Reciprocating Compressor 11 First Stage Cylinder 13 Second Stage Cylinder 15 Cylinder Block 17 Piston 19 Connecting Rod 21 Piston Rod 25 Valve Presser 27 Suction Valve 29 Discharge Valve 53 Outer Ring Valve Plate 59 Intermediate Valve Plate 65 Inner Ring Valve Plate 71 Unloader Mechanism 73 Actuation rod 75 Diaphragm 77 Diaphragm cap 79 Spring 81 Unloader yoke 83 Stop pin 85 First pressing claw 87 Second pressing claw 89 Third pressing claw

Claims (3)

レシプロ圧縮機における吸入弁を開いた状態に保持して、前記レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えるアンローダ機構において、
前記レシプロ圧縮機における弁押えに設けられ、前記吸入弁に対して接近する接近方向・離隔する離隔方向へ移動可能な作動桿と、
前記弁押えの頂面に前記作動桿の基端面を覆うように設けられ、操作圧力を受けると前記作動桿を前記接近方向へ押圧するように構成されたダイヤフラムと、
前記作動桿を前記離反方向へ付勢する付勢部材と、
前記作動桿の先端部に設けられ、前記吸入弁における大径の外輪弁板上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されかつ前記外輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第１押圧爪、前記吸入弁における中径の中間弁板上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されかつ前記中間弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第２押圧爪、及び前記吸入弁における小径の内輪弁板上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置されかつ前記内輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第３押圧爪を有し、前記吸入弁を開いた状態に保持するアンローダヨークと、を備え、
前記アンローダヨークが一枚板からなることを特徴とするアンローダ機構。 In the unloader mechanism that holds the suction valve in the reciprocating compressor in an open state and switches the operating state of the reciprocating compressor from the load operating state to the no-load operating state,
An operating rod provided in a valve presser in the reciprocating compressor, and movable in an approaching direction and a separating direction approaching the suction valve;
A diaphragm provided on the top surface of the valve presser so as to cover the base end surface of the operating rod, and configured to press the operating rod in the approaching direction upon receiving an operation pressure;
A biasing member that biases the operating rod in the separating direction;
A plurality of first pressing claws provided at a distal end portion of the operating rod and arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on a large-diameter outer ring valve plate in the suction valve and pressing the outer ring valve plate so as to open the outer ring valve plate A plurality of second pressing claws arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the intermediate-diameter intermediate valve plate in the intake valve and pressing the intermediate valve plate so as to open, and a small-diameter inner ring in the intake valve An unloader yoke arranged on the valve plate at equal intervals along the circumferential direction and having a plurality of third pressing claws for pressing the inner ring valve plate to open, and holding the suction valve in an open state; equipped with a,
The unloader mechanism is characterized in that the unloader yoke is a single plate . レシプロ圧縮機の運転状態を負荷運転状態から無負荷運転状態に切り替えるアンローダ機構に用いられ、前記レシプロ圧縮機における吸入弁を開いた状態に保持するアンローダヨークにおいて、
前記吸入弁における大径の外輪弁板と同径の仮想リング上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置され、前記外輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第１押圧爪と、
前記吸入弁における中径の中間弁板と同径の仮想リング上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置され、前記中間弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第２押圧爪と、
前記吸入弁における小径の内輪弁板と同径の仮想リング上に円周方向に沿って等間隔に配置され、前記内輪弁板を開くように押圧する複数の第３押圧爪と、を備え、
一枚板からなることを特徴とするアンローダヨーク。 In the unloader mechanism that is used in the unloader mechanism that switches the operation state of the reciprocating compressor from the load operation state to the no-load operation state, and holds the suction valve in the reciprocating compressor in an open state,
A plurality of first pressing claws arranged at equal intervals along a circumferential direction on a virtual ring having the same diameter as a large-diameter outer ring valve plate in the suction valve, and pressing the outer ring valve plate to open;
A plurality of second pressing claws that are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on a virtual ring having the same diameter as the intermediate valve plate having the same diameter as the intermediate valve plate in the suction valve, and that presses the intermediate valve plate to open;
A plurality of third pressing claws that are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on a virtual ring having the same diameter as the small-diameter inner ring valve plate in the intake valve, and that presses to open the inner ring valve plate ;
An unloader yoke comprising a single plate . 圧縮ガスを生成するレシプロ圧縮機において、
請求項１に記載のアンローダ機構を備えたことを特徴とするレシプロ圧縮機。 In a reciprocating compressor that generates compressed gas,
A reciprocating compressor comprising the unloader mechanism according to claim 1 .
JP2008244863A 2008-09-24 2008-09-24 Unloader mechanism, unloader yoke, and reciprocating compressor Active JP5287085B2 (en)

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1793000A (en) * 1928-05-18 1931-02-17 Ingersoll Rand Co Inlet unloader valve
EP0345245B1 (en) * 1988-05-31 1993-10-13 Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Aktiengesellschaft Ring valve
JP4437864B2 (en) * 2000-09-06 2010-03-24 株式会社Ｉｈｉ Reciprocating compressor suction / discharge valve
JP4529057B2 (en) * 2000-10-04 2010-08-25 株式会社Ｉｈｉ High pressure compression equipment and its no-load operation method

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