JP5252460B2 - Production method of SiC nanoparticles by nitrogen plasma - Google Patents
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- JP5252460B2 JP5252460B2 JP2010224452A JP2010224452A JP5252460B2 JP 5252460 B2 JP5252460 B2 JP 5252460B2 JP 2010224452 A JP2010224452 A JP 2010224452A JP 2010224452 A JP2010224452 A JP 2010224452A JP 5252460 B2 JP5252460 B2 JP 5252460B2
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この出願の発明は、窒素プラズマによるＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造法に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、この出願の発明は、ＳｉＣナノ粒子を高効率で製造することのできる窒素プラズマによるＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造法に関するものである。 The invention of this application relates to a method for producing SiC nanoparticles by nitrogen plasma. More specifically, the invention of this application relates to a method for producing SiC nanoparticles using nitrogen plasma, which can produce SiC nanoparticles with high efficiency.
ＳｉＣ粉末の製造法には、大別して以下の２つのプロセスがある（たとえば、非特許文献１、２参照）。
１）固体ＳｉＣを機械的にボールミル、振動ミルなどにより微粉砕した後、化学的精製処理、脱酸・解砕して、平均粒径400-700nmのＳｉＣ粒子を得る。
２）有機ケイ素系ポリマーの熱分解およびＳｉＨ4，ＳｉＣｌ4と炭化水素との反応などを利用した気相中での合成である。
There are roughly the following two processes for producing SiC powder (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
1) Solid SiC is mechanically pulverized by a ball mill, a vibration mill or the like, and then chemically refined, deoxidized and crushed to obtain SiC particles having an average particle size of 400 to 700 nm.
2) Synthesis in the gas phase using thermal decomposition of organosilicon polymer and reaction of SiH 4 , SiCl 4 and hydrocarbons.
しかしながら、従来技術により作製されるＳｉＣナノ粒子の生成効率、純度、平均粒径は必ずしも満足することのできるものとなってはいない。 However, the production efficiency, purity, and average particle diameter of SiC nanoparticles produced by conventional techniques are not always satisfactory.
この出願の発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、ＳｉＣナノ粒子を高効率で製造することのできる窒素プラズマによるＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造法を提供することを解決すべき課題としている。 The invention of this application has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an issue to be solved to provide a method for producing SiC nanoparticles by nitrogen plasma that can produce SiC nanoparticles with high efficiency. Yes.
この出願の発明は、上記の課題を解決するものとして、第１には、窒素雰囲気中でアークプラズマを発生させ、アークプラズマを塊状ＳｉＣに照射してＳｉＣのナノ粒子を生成させることを特徴とする窒素プラズマによるＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造法を提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the invention of this application is characterized in that, first, arc plasma is generated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the SiC is irradiated with the arc plasma to generate SiC nanoparticles. A method for producing SiC nanoparticles using nitrogen plasma is provided.
この出願の発明は、第２には、窒素雰囲気中でアークプラズマを発生させ、アークプラズマを、粉末Ｓｉと粉末Ｃの混合粉末成形体に照射してＳｉＣのナノ粒子を生成させることを特徴とする窒素プラズマによるＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造法を提供する。 The invention of this application is characterized in that, secondly, an arc plasma is generated in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixed powder compact of powder Si and powder C is irradiated with the arc plasma to generate SiC nanoparticles. A method for producing SiC nanoparticles using nitrogen plasma is provided.
この出願の発明の窒素プラズマによるＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造法によれば、塊状ＳｉＣまたはＳｉとＣの混合粉末成形体に窒素プラズマを照射することにより、一種の強制蒸発、昇華現象が誘起され、直接ＳｉＣナノ粒子が高効率で製造される。得られるＳｉＣナノ粒子は、純度が高く、平均粒径が小さい。 According to the method of producing SiC nanoparticles using nitrogen plasma of the invention of this application, a kind of forced evaporation and sublimation phenomenon is induced by irradiating the bulk SiC or the mixed powder compact of Si and C with nitrogen plasma. SiC nanoparticles are produced with high efficiency. The obtained SiC nanoparticles have high purity and a small average particle size.
以下、実施例を示し、この出願の発明の窒素プラズマによるＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造法についてさらに詳しく説明する。Hereinafter, an Example is shown and the manufacturing method of the SiC nanoparticle by the nitrogen plasma of invention of this application is demonstrated in more detail.
図１は、ナノ粒子作製装置の概略図である。
ナノ粒子作製装置は、熱プラズマ炉、アーク放電用直流電源、ナノ粒子捕集用フィルター（日本精線、６０φ×200L、細孔径約３μｍ）、真空ポンプ、循環ポンプなどから構成されている。
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a nanoparticle production apparatus.
The nanoparticle production apparatus includes a thermal plasma furnace, a DC power source for arc discharge, a nanoparticle collection filter (Nippon Seisen, 60φ × 200 L , pore diameter of about 3 μm), a vacuum pump, a circulation pump, and the like.
アーク放電は、陽極の水冷銅ハース上の試料、陰極のタングステン電極間に発生するが、試料のサーマルショックの予防と水冷銅ハースによる試料への熱効率低下を抑制するために、水冷銅ハース上にカーボンるつぼを置き、その上に試料を置く。炉内で発生するナノ粒子は循環ポンプによるガス流により冷却されながら運ばれ、ナノ粒子捕集用フィルターで捕集される。 Arc discharge occurs between the sample on the anode water-cooled copper hearth and the tungsten electrode on the cathode. However, in order to prevent thermal shock of the sample and to suppress the decrease in thermal efficiency of the sample due to the water-cooled copper hearth, Place the carbon crucible and place the sample on it. The nanoparticles generated in the furnace are transported while being cooled by a gas flow by a circulation pump, and are collected by a filter for collecting nanoparticles.
出発原料として、ＳｉＣ（高純度化学研究所、純度99.99％以上）の塊状体と混合粉末成形体を用いた。混合粉末成形体は、粉末Ｃ（高純度化学研究所、純度99.9％以上、粒径２０μｍ）と粉末Ｓｉ（高純度化学研究所、純度99.9％以上、粒径150μｍ）をmol比Ｃ／Ｓｉ＝１／１およびＣ／Ｓｉ＝６／４で混合し、結合剤であるＰＶＢ（ポリビニルブチラール）を約7.5wt％添加して240kg/cm2で一軸成形した均一な混合粉末成形体である。 As starting materials, a lump of SiC (High Purity Chemical Laboratory, purity 99.99% or more) and a mixed powder compact were used. The mixed powder compact is composed of powder C (high purity chemical laboratory, purity 99.9% or more, particle size 20 μm) and powder Si (high purity chemical laboratory, purity 99.9% or more, particle size 150 μm) in mol ratio C / Si = This is a uniform mixed powder molded body obtained by mixing at 1/1 and C / Si = 6/4, adding about 7.5 wt% of PVB (polyvinyl butyral) as a binder, and uniaxially molding at 240 kg / cm 2 .
雰囲気は、５０vol％Ｎ2−Ａｒおよび100vol％Ｎ2とした。 Atmosphere, was 50 vol% N 2 -Ar and 100 vol% N 2.
塊状ＳｉＣについては、前述のナノ粒子作製装置のカーボンるつぼの上に載せ、真空ポンプで炉内を0.13Ｐａ以下の真空とした。この後、各雰囲気ガスを導入し、炉の圧力を0.1ＭＰａに保ち、循環ポンプを作動させた。電流を150Ａに設定し、陰極と陽極である水冷銅ハースおよびカーボンるつぼ間にアークプラズマを発生させた。アークプラズマは初期にはカーボンるつぼに照射し、塊状ＳｉＣが加熱した後にアークプラズマを塊状ＳｉＣに照射した。 The bulk SiC was placed on the carbon crucible of the above-described nanoparticle production apparatus, and the inside of the furnace was evacuated to 0.13 Pa or less with a vacuum pump. Thereafter, each atmospheric gas was introduced, the pressure of the furnace was kept at 0.1 MPa, and the circulation pump was operated. The current was set to 150 A, and arc plasma was generated between the water-cooled copper hearth and the carbon crucible as the cathode and the anode. The arc plasma was initially applied to the carbon crucible, and after the massive SiC was heated, the arc plasma was applied to the massive SiC.
粉末Ｃと粉末Ｓｉの混合粉末成形体については、カーボンるつぼの上に載せ、真空ポンプで炉内を0.13Ｐａ以下の真空にした後、ＰＶＢの除去とアークプラズマによる粉末の飛散を抑制するために、雰囲気に100vol％Ａｒを用いてＡｒプラズマを発生させ、混合粉末成形体に照射し、加熱した。加熱時間は１０sec程度とし、加熱後すぐに炉内を真空にした。この後の操作は、塊状ＳｉＣのときと同様にした。 For the mixed powder compact of powder C and powder Si, place it on a carbon crucible, vacuum the inside of the furnace with a vacuum pump to 0.13 Pa or less, and then suppress PVB removal and powder scattering by arc plasma Then, Ar plasma was generated using 100 vol% Ar in the atmosphere, and the mixed powder compact was irradiated and heated. The heating time was about 10 seconds, and the furnace was evacuated immediately after heating. The subsequent operation was the same as that for bulk SiC.
窒素プラズマを出発原料に照射するのと同時にプラズマフレームの周辺から煙状のナノ粒子が激しく噴出する様子が観察された。このような特異現象は100vol％Ａｒ雰囲気下では観察されなかった。 At the same time that the starting material was irradiated with nitrogen plasma, smoke-like nanoparticles erupted vigorously from the periphery of the plasma flame. Such a specific phenomenon was not observed under a 100 vol% Ar atmosphere.
発生したナノ粒子について、Ｘ線回折測定（日本電子、ＪＤＸ−3500）による相の同定、ＢＥＴ法による平均粒径の算出およびナノ粒子の発生速度の測定を行った。 About the produced | generated nanoparticle, the identification of the phase by X-ray-diffraction measurement (JEOL, JDX-3500), calculation of the average particle diameter by BET method, and the generation rate of the nanoparticle were performed.
図２（ａ）（ｂ）に、出発原料に塊状ＳｉＣを、図２（ｃ）（ｄ）に、出発原料にＣ／Ｓｉ＝１／１の混合粉末成形体を用いたときに発生したナノ粒子の５０vol％Ｎ2−Ａｒおよび100vol％Ｎ2雰囲気におけるＸ線回折測定の結果を示した。全般的にＳｉＣのピークが主体であり、５０vol％Ｎ2−Ａｒ雰囲気では僅少のＳｉピークが生成している。 2 (a) and 2 (b), lump SiC is used as a starting material, and FIGS. 2 (c) and 2 (d) are nano-particles generated when a mixed powder compact of C / Si = 1/1 is used as a starting material. It shows the results of X-ray diffraction measurement in 50 vol% N 2 -Ar and 100 vol% N 2 atmosphere particles. In general, a SiC peak is mainly used, and a slight Si peak is generated in a 50 vol% N 2 —Ar atmosphere.
なお、Ｃ／Ｓｉ＝６／４の混合粉末成形体を用いたときに発生したナノ粒子は、ＳｉＣと不純物Ｓｉ、Ｃを含んだものであった。出発材料をＣリッチ状態にしても不純物Ｓｉの生成を抑制することはできなかった。 The nanoparticles generated when using a mixed powder compact with C / Si = 6/4 contained SiC and impurities Si and C. Even when the starting material was in a C-rich state, the generation of impurity Si could not be suppressed.
図３に、得られたナノ粒子のＢＥＴ比表面積測定の結果から得られる平均粒径を示した。図３（ａ）（ｂ）は、出発原料が塊状ＳｉＣの場合で、図３（ｃ）（ｄ）は、出発原料がＣ／Ｓｉ＝１／１の混合粉末成形体の場合である。 In FIG. 3, the average particle diameter obtained from the result of the BET specific surface area measurement of the obtained nanoparticle was shown. 3A and 3B show the case where the starting material is bulk SiC, and FIGS. 3C and 3D show the case where the starting material is a mixed powder compact with C / Si = 1/1.
ナノ粒子の平均粒径Ｄ（ｍ）は次式で求められる。 The average particle diameter D (m) of the nanoparticles is obtained by the following formula.
Ｄ＝６／Ｓ・ρ・１０6
ここで、Ｓは比表面積（ｍ2／ｇ）、ρはナノ粒子の密度（ｇ／cm3）である。
D = 6 / S · ρ · 10 6
Here, S is the specific surface area (m 2 / g), and ρ is the density of the nanoparticles (g / cm 3 ).
いずれの場合も、窒素を有する雰囲気中で発生したナノ粒子は、平均粒径が十分小さいことが確認される。 In any case, it is confirmed that the nanoparticles generated in the atmosphere containing nitrogen have a sufficiently small average particle diameter.
図４は、塊状ＳｉＣを100vol%Ｎ2でプラズマ照射して得られたナノ粒子の透過電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ）写真である。 FIG. 4 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of nanoparticles obtained by plasma irradiation of massive SiC with 100 vol% N 2 .
形状は多角形状を示し、１０〜８０nm程度の大きさの粒子が混在しているのが認められる。このサイズは、前述のＢＥＴ法による平均粒径とよく一致している。 The shape shows a polygonal shape, and it is recognized that particles having a size of about 10 to 80 nm are mixed. This size is in good agreement with the average particle size according to the BET method described above.
図５に、５０vol％Ｎ2−Ａｒおよび100vol％Ｎ2雰囲気で塊状ＳｉＣに窒素プラズマを照射したときに発生したナノ粒子の発生速度を示した。発生速度は、窒素プラズマ照射前と照射後の出発原料の質量損失量をアークプラズマ照射時間で除して算出したものである。図５から確認されるように、雰囲気中の窒素濃度の増大とともに発生速度が比例して増大しているのがわかる。この現象は、ＳｉＣ混合粉末成形体についても同様の結果を得ている。これらの結果は、出発原料を金属に置き換えて行った際に見られる現象と酷似しており、窒素ガスが熱プラズマにより活性化されることによる一種の強制蒸発現象であると考えられる。 Figure 5 shows the generation rate of the nanoparticles occurs when irradiated with nitrogen plasma bulk SiC with 50 vol% N 2 -Ar and 100 vol% N 2 atmosphere. The generation rate is calculated by dividing the mass loss amount of the starting material before and after the nitrogen plasma irradiation by the arc plasma irradiation time. As can be seen from FIG. 5, it can be seen that the generation rate increases in proportion to the increase in the nitrogen concentration in the atmosphere. This phenomenon has obtained the same result also about the SiC mixed powder compact. These results are very similar to those observed when the starting material is replaced with metal, and are considered to be a kind of forced evaporation phenomenon caused by activation of nitrogen gas by thermal plasma.
以上から明らかにされるように、この出願の発明の窒素プラズマによるＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造方法は、不純物の少ない、平均粒径の小さなＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造を可能にする。また、窒素プラズマを用いることから、安全であり、経済的に優れたＳｉＣナノ粒子の製造法であると考えられる。 As is apparent from the above, the method for producing SiC nanoparticles using nitrogen plasma according to the invention of this application enables the production of SiC nanoparticles having a small average particle size with few impurities. Further, since nitrogen plasma is used, it is considered to be a safe and economical method for producing SiC nanoparticles.
もちろん、この出願の発明は、以上の実施例によって限定されるものではない。 Of course, the invention of this application is not limited by the above embodiments.
以上詳しく説明したとおり、この出願の発明によって、高純度で平均粒径の小さなＳｉＣナノ粒子が高効率に製造される。比較的簡便なアーク溶解炉を基本とした熱プラズマ炉を用い、窒素ガスを用いることから、経済的であるとともに、安全性において優れており、波及効果は大きいと考えられる。 As explained in detail above, according to the invention of this application, SiC nanoparticles having high purity and a small average particle diameter are produced with high efficiency. Since a thermal plasma furnace based on a relatively simple arc melting furnace is used and nitrogen gas is used, it is economical and excellent in safety, and is considered to have a great ripple effect.
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