JP5246402B2 - Light bulb shaped lamp - Google Patents

Light bulb shaped lamp Download PDF

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JP5246402B2
JP5246402B2 JP2008236558A JP2008236558A JP5246402B2 JP 5246402 B2 JP5246402 B2 JP 5246402B2 JP 2008236558 A JP2008236558 A JP 2008236558A JP 2008236558 A JP2008236558 A JP 2008236558A JP 5246402 B2 JP5246402 B2 JP 5246402B2
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heat
light
globe
radiating
bulb shaped
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JP2010073337A (en
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明日香 和田
愛子 高橋
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Toshiba Lighting and Technology Corp
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Description

本発明は、一般照明電球に代替使用可能な電球形ランプに関する。   The present invention relates to a light bulb shaped lamp that can be used in place of a general lighting bulb.

従来、発光素子としてＬＥＤを用いる電球形ランプでは、一端側へ向けて拡開する金属性の放熱体を用い、この放熱体の一端に略半球形のグローブが取り付けられ、放熱体の他端側に口金が取り付けられ、放熱体およびグローブの内側にＬＥＤを設けた基板が放熱体と接触して設けられている。そして、ＬＥＤから出射される光はグローブを透過して放出され、ＬＥＤが発生する熱は主に基板から放熱体を通じて外部へ放熱される（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
特開２００１−２４３８０９号公報（第２−３頁、図１−４） Conventionally, in a light bulb-type lamp using an LED as a light emitting element, a metal radiator that expands toward one end side is used, and a substantially hemispherical globe is attached to one end of the radiator, and the other end side of the radiator The base is attached to the radiator, and a substrate on which LEDs are provided inside the radiator and the globe is provided in contact with the radiator. And the light radiate | emitted from LED is permeate | transmitted and emitted | emitted, and the heat | fever which LED generate | occur | produces is mainly thermally radiated outside from a board | substrate through a heat sink (for example, refer patent document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-243809 (page 2-3, FIG. 1-4)

しかしながら、ＬＥＤを用いる電球形ランプでは、ＬＥＤから出射される光はグローブを透過して口金とは反対方向へ放出されるが、口金方向への光は基板や放熱体によって遮光されてしまうため、口金側が暗くなり、一般照明電球に近い配光が得られず、例えば反射鏡付きの照明器具に装着した際に所望の反射光が得られない場合があり、照明器具への適合性に問題がある。   However, in a light bulb shaped lamp using an LED, the light emitted from the LED passes through the globe and is emitted in the direction opposite to the base, but the light in the direction of the base is shielded by the substrate and the radiator. The base side becomes dark, and light distribution close to that of a general lighting bulb cannot be obtained.For example, when it is mounted on a lighting fixture with a reflecting mirror, desired reflected light may not be obtained. is there.

本発明は、このような点に鑑みなされたもので、発光体を用いながら、一般照明電球に近い配光が得られ、照明器具への適合性を高めることができる電球形ランプを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a light bulb shaped lamp that can provide a light distribution close to that of a general lighting bulb while using a light emitter, and can improve compatibility with a lighting fixture. With the goal.

請求項１記載の電球形ランプは、発光体と；この発光体がランプ軸方向の一端において伝熱可能に取り付けられる熱伝導部と、この熱伝導部の周囲から放射状に突出しかつ前記ランプ軸方向に沿って伸びるとともに前記ランプ軸方向の一端に向かって径方向の突出量が徐々に大きくなる複数の放熱フィンとを備え、これら熱伝導部と放熱フィンとが一体成形の金属材料からなる放熱体と；前記ランプ軸方向の一端において前記発光体を覆い、複数の前記放熱フィンおよび前記放熱フィン間の間隙に対向する放熱フィン対向部を備え、前記放熱フィン対向部が光拡散性を有するグローブと；前記熱伝導部よりも前記グローブの内腔に向かって突出され、前記発光体を前記熱伝導部に取り付ける伝熱性の基板取付部と；前記放熱体の他端側に設けられた口金と；前記発光体を点灯させる点灯回路と；前記放熱フィンから前記口金にかけて前記放熱フィンの間隙から出射する光を遮蔽する領域を有さず、前記放熱体内および前記口金内に突出形成され、前記放熱体と前記口金とを絶縁するとともに前記点灯回路を収容するケースと；を具備しているものである。 Self-ballasted lamp of claim 1, wherein the luminous body and; a heat conduction part that is mounted for heat transfer at one end the emitters of the lamp axis, projecting from the periphery of the heat-conducting portion radially and the lamp axis A plurality of radiating fins extending in the direction and gradually increasing in the radial direction toward one end in the lamp axis direction, and the heat conducting portions and the radiating fins are made of an integrally formed metal material. A glove that covers the light-emitting body at one end in the lamp axial direction, and that has a plurality of heat-radiating fins and a heat-radiating fin-facing portion that faces the gap between the heat-radiating fins, and the heat- radiating fin-facing portion has light diffusibility When, than the heat-conducting portion protrudes toward the inner space of the globe, the light emitter substrate attachment portion and the thermally conductive attachment to the heat conducting part; provided on the other end of the radiator The mouthpiece and; a lighting circuit for lighting a pre Symbol emitters; not from the heat radiating fins have a region that shields the light emitted from the gap of the heat radiating fins toward said mouthpiece, projecting to the radiating body and said ferrule And a case that insulates the radiator and the base and accommodates the lighting circuit .

発光体は、光を発光するものであればよく、例えば、ＬＥＤや有機ＥＬなどの固体発光素子を用いてもよい。   The light-emitting body should just emit light, for example, you may use solid light emitting elements, such as LED and organic EL.

放熱体は、例えば、放熱性の良好なアルミニウムを含む金属材料などで形成される。基板を取り付ける放熱体の一端は平面でもよいし、グローブ内に突出する立体形でもよい。放熱体の複数の放熱フィン間は、一端側、他端側および周囲へ向けて開口されている。   The heat radiating body is formed of, for example, a metal material containing aluminum with good heat dissipation. One end of the heat radiating body to which the substrate is attached may be a flat surface or a solid shape protruding into the globe. Between the plurality of heat dissipating fins of the heat dissipating body, openings are made toward one end side, the other end side and the periphery.

グローブは、発光体から照射される光を透光するものであれば材質や形状は限定されない。例えば、光拡散性を有するガラスや樹脂などの材料で、略球形に一体形成してもよいし、複数に分割形成して略半球形に組み合わせたものでよい。   The material and shape of the globe are not limited as long as it transmits light emitted from the light emitter. For example, a material such as glass or resin having light diffusibility may be integrally formed in a substantially spherical shape, or may be divided into a plurality of parts and combined in a substantially hemispherical shape.

口金は、例えば、Ｅ１７型やＥ２６型などの一般照明電球用のソケットに接続可能なものが用いられる。   For example, a base that can be connected to a socket for a general lighting bulb such as E17 type or E26 type is used.

点灯回路は、例えば、定電流の直流電源をＬＥＤに供給する。   The lighting circuit supplies, for example, a constant current DC power source to the LED.

基板取付部は、例えば、円錐台形、円筒形、円錐形、略半球形などのいずれでもよく、それらの各面に基板が取り付けられればよい。 Board mounting portion, for example, frustoconical, cylindrical, conical, may be any of such substantially hemispherical, only to be mounted a substrate on those surfaces.

請求項２記載の電球形ランプは、請求項１記載の電球形ランプにおいて、前記放熱フィンの一端側の外径と前記放熱フィン対向部の外径とが同径であるものである。The light bulb shaped lamp according to claim 2 is the light bulb shaped lamp according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of one end side of the heat radiating fin and the outer diameter of the heat radiating fin facing portion are the same.

請求項３記載の電球形ランプは、請求項１または２記載の電球形ランプにおいて、前記放熱体には、一端側の面に前記基板取付部より外側でありかつ前記放熱フィンより内側に溝状の被取付部が設けられ、前記グローブには、前記被取付部に固定される取付部が設けられているものである。The light bulb shaped lamp according to claim 3 is the light bulb shaped lamp according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat dissipating member has a groove-like shape on one end side surface outside the substrate mounting portion and inside the heat radiating fin. The attachment part fixed to the to-be-attached part is provided in the said glove | globe.

本発明の電球形ランプによれば、発光体からの光がグローブの放熱フィン対向部を透過して放熱体の複数の放熱フィン間から放熱体の周囲や他端側へ照射されるため、一般照明電球に近い配光が得られ、照明器具への適合性を高めることができる。 According to the light bulb shaped lamp of the present invention, the light from the light emitter passes through the heat radiating fin facing portion of the globe and is irradiated from the plurality of heat radiating fins to the periphery and the other end of the heat radiating body. A light distribution close to that of an illumination bulb can be obtained, and compatibility with a lighting fixture can be improved .

以下、本発明の一実施の形態を、図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は電球形ランプの一部の断面図、図２は電球形ランプの側面図である。   FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a part of a light bulb shaped lamp, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the light bulb shaped lamp.

図１および図２において、11は電球形ランプで、この電球形ランプ11は、ＬＥＤモジュールである複数の発光体12が放熱体13のランプ軸方向の一端側に取り付けられており、この放熱体13の一端側には、グローブ14が取り付けられ、また、放熱体13の他端側には、点灯回路15を収容したケース16が取り付けられているとともに、このケース16を介して口金17が取り付けられて構成されている。そして、この電球形ランプ11は、一般照明電球と同等の形状寸法を有している。   In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, 11 is a light bulb shaped lamp, and this light bulb shaped lamp 11 has a plurality of light emitting bodies 12 which are LED modules attached to one end side of the heat radiating body 13 in the lamp axial direction. A globe 14 is attached to one end side of 13, and a case 16 containing a lighting circuit 15 is attached to the other end side of the radiator 13, and a base 17 is attached via this case 16 Is configured. The light bulb shaped lamp 11 has the same shape and dimension as a general lighting bulb.

そして、発光体12は、複数の基板21を立体的に組み合わせて構成されている。基板21の一面には、複数の発光素子としてのＬＥＤ22が実装されている。   The light emitter 12 is configured by combining a plurality of substrates 21 three-dimensionally. On one surface of the substrate 21, LEDs 22 as a plurality of light emitting elements are mounted.

基板21は、例えば放熱性が良好なアルミニウムなどの金属材料、あるいは絶縁材料などにより形成されている。この基板21の他面が放熱体13に面接触するように密着固定されている。放熱体13に対する基板21の固定には、熱伝達性に優れたシリコーン系の接着剤が用いられている。   The substrate 21 is made of, for example, a metal material such as aluminum having good heat dissipation or an insulating material. The other surface of the substrate 21 is tightly fixed so as to be in surface contact with the radiator 13. For fixing the substrate 21 to the heat radiator 13, a silicone-based adhesive having excellent heat transfer properties is used.

ＬＥＤ22は、例えば青色の光を発する図示しないベアチップと、このベアチップを覆うシリコーン樹脂などにより形成された図示しない樹脂部とを備え、この樹脂部内に、ベアチップが発する青色光の一部により励起されて青色の補色である黄色の光を主として放射する蛍光体が混入されており、各ＬＥＤ22が白色系の照明光を得るように構成されている。   The LED 22 includes, for example, a bare chip (not shown) that emits blue light and a resin part (not shown) formed of a silicone resin or the like that covers the bare chip. A phosphor that mainly emits yellow light, which is a complementary color of blue, is mixed, and each LED 22 is configured to obtain white illumination light.

また、放熱体13は、熱伝導性が良好なアルミニウムなどの金属材料などにより一体に形成されており、中央に熱伝導部25が形成され、この熱伝導部25の周囲からランプ軸方向に沿った複数の放熱フィン26が放射状に突出形成されているとともに、この熱伝導部25の一端に発光体12を取り付ける基板取付部27が突出形成されている。   The heat radiator 13 is integrally formed of a metal material such as aluminum having good thermal conductivity, and a heat conducting portion 25 is formed in the center. The heat conducting portion 25 extends from the periphery of the heat conducting portion 25 along the lamp axis direction. A plurality of heat dissipating fins 26 are formed so as to project radially, and a substrate mounting portion 27 for attaching the light emitter 12 to one end of the heat conducting unit 25 is formed to project.

熱伝導部25は、円筒状に形成され、一端面の中央部から基板取付部27が突出形成されているとともに、一端面の基板取付部27より外側の周辺部にグローブ14を取り付ける溝状の被取付部28が形成されている。   The heat conducting portion 25 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a substrate mounting portion 27 is formed so as to protrude from the central portion of the one end surface, and a groove shape for attaching the globe 14 to a peripheral portion outside the substrate mounting portion 27 on one end surface. A mounted portion 28 is formed.

放熱フィン26は、放熱体13の他端側から一端側へと径方向への突出量が徐々に大きくなるように傾斜して形成されている。また、これら放熱フィン26は放熱体13の周方向に互いに略等間隔で放射状に形成され、これら放熱フィン26の間に間隙29が形成されている。これら放熱フィン26の間に間隙29は、放熱体13の一端側、他端側および周囲へ向けてそれぞれ開口されている。   The heat radiating fins 26 are formed to be inclined so that the amount of protrusion in the radial direction gradually increases from the other end side of the heat radiating body 13 to the one end side. In addition, these radiating fins 26 are formed radially at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the radiating body 13, and a gap 29 is formed between these radiating fins 26. The gaps 29 are opened between the heat radiation fins 26 toward the one end side, the other end side, and the periphery of the heat dissipating body 13, respectively.

基板取付部27は、グローブ14を取り付ける放熱体13の被取付部28よりも一端側に突出されており、すなわちグローブ14内に突出されており、ランプ軸方向の一端側に対向する端面部27a、および周囲の周面部27bを有し、周面部27bは一端側に先細りとなる円錐台形に形成されている。これら端面部27aおよび周面部27bに複数の発光体12がそれぞれ固定されている。   The board mounting portion 27 protrudes to one end side from the mounted portion 28 of the radiator 13 to which the globe 14 is attached, that is, protrudes into the globe 14 and is an end surface portion 27a facing one end side in the lamp axis direction. And a peripheral surface portion 27b, and the peripheral surface portion 27b is formed in a truncated cone shape that tapers on one end side. A plurality of light emitters 12 are fixed to the end surface portion 27a and the peripheral surface portion 27b, respectively.

また、グローブ14は、光拡散性を有するガラスあるいは合成樹脂などにより第１のグローブ体31と第２のグローブ体32とに２分割形成されており、これらグローブ体31，32が組み合わされて一体化されている。   The globe 14 is divided into two parts, a first globe body 31 and a second globe body 32, made of light diffusing glass or synthetic resin, and the globe bodies 31 and 32 are combined to be integrated. It has become.

第１のグローブ体31は、略半球形状に形成されている。   The first globe body 31 is formed in a substantially hemispherical shape.

第２のグローブ体32は、一端側が第１のグローブ体31と組み合わされる環状部33と、この環状部33の他端側に設けられた放熱フィン対向部34を有している。   The second globe body 32 has an annular portion 33 whose one end side is combined with the first globe body 31 and a radiating fin facing portion 34 provided on the other end side of the annular portion 33.

環状部33の一端側には第１のグローブ体31と嵌合してシリコーン樹脂などの接着剤で固定される嵌合部35が形成され、環状部33の他端側は放熱体13の放熱フィン26と略連続する形状に形成されている。   One end of the annular portion 33 is formed with a fitting portion 35 that is fitted to the first globe body 31 and fixed with an adhesive such as silicone resin. The other end of the annular portion 33 is radiated by the radiator 13. It is formed in a shape substantially continuous with the fin 26.

放熱フィン対向部34は、放熱体13の複数の放熱フィン26および間隙29に対向する平板状に形成され、光拡散性を有する。放熱フィン対向部34の中央には、放熱体13の基板取付部27が貫通される孔部36が形成され、この孔部36に臨む縁部に放熱体13の被取付部28に嵌合してシリコーン樹脂などの接着剤で固定される取付部37が形成されている。この取付部37を放熱体13に固定することで、グローブ14の内部が密閉される。   The radiating fin facing portion 34 is formed in a flat plate shape facing the plurality of radiating fins 26 and the gaps 29 of the radiating body 13, and has light diffusibility. A hole 36 through which the board mounting portion 27 of the radiator 13 passes is formed in the center of the heat radiating fin facing portion 34, and the edge facing the hole 36 is fitted to the mounted portion 28 of the radiator 13. A mounting portion 37 that is fixed by an adhesive such as silicone resin is formed. By fixing the mounting portion 37 to the radiator 13, the inside of the globe 14 is sealed.

また、点灯回路15は、図示しないリード線によって各発光体12に電気的に接続され、ＬＥＤ22に対して定電流を供給する。   The lighting circuit 15 is electrically connected to each light emitter 12 by a lead wire (not shown) and supplies a constant current to the LED 22.

また、ケース16は、例えばＰＢＴ樹脂などの絶縁性を有する材料により、放熱体13内および口金17内に突出する略円筒状に形成され、放熱体13と口金17との間を絶縁する。このケース16の内側に点灯回路15が保持される。   The case 16 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape that protrudes into the heat radiator 13 and the base 17 from an insulating material such as PBT resin, and insulates the heat radiator 13 from the base 17. The lighting circuit 15 is held inside the case 16.

また、口金17は、例えばＥ１７型やＥ２６型であり、図示しない照明器具のランプソケットにねじ込まれるねじ山を備えた筒状のシェル41と、このシェル41の他端の頂部に絶縁部42を介して設けられたアイレット43とを備えている。これらシェル41およびアイレット43が点灯回路15に図示しないリード線によって電気的に接続されている。   The base 17 is, for example, an E17 type or an E26 type. A cylindrical shell 41 having a screw thread to be screwed into a lamp socket of a lighting fixture (not shown), and an insulating portion 42 at the top of the other end of the shell 41 are provided. And an eyelet 43 provided therethrough. The shell 41 and the eyelet 43 are electrically connected to the lighting circuit 15 by lead wires (not shown).

そうして、このように構成された電球形ランプ11では、口金17を照明器具のソケットに接続して給電すると、点灯回路15が動作して発光体12に電力を供給し、各ＬＥＤ22が発光する。   Then, in the light bulb shaped lamp 11 configured in this way, when the base 17 is connected to the socket of the lighting fixture and power is supplied, the lighting circuit 15 operates to supply power to the light emitter 12, and each LED 22 emits light. To do.

各ＬＥＤ22からの光はグローブ14を透過して拡散放出される。   Light from each LED 22 is diffused and emitted through the globe 14.

各ＬＥＤ22からの光のうち、一部の光はグローブ14の放熱フィン対向部34へ直接向かい、複数の放熱フィン26間の間隙29を通じて放熱体13の周囲や口金17の方向に放出される。また、一部の光は第１のグローブ体31の内面で反射してグローブ14の放熱フィン対向部34へ直接向かい、これら光が放熱フィン対向部34を透過する。   Among the light from each LED 22, a part of the light is directly directed to the heat radiating fin facing portion 34 of the globe 14, and is emitted around the heat radiating body 13 and toward the base 17 through the gap 29 between the plurality of heat radiating fins 26. Further, a part of the light is reflected by the inner surface of the first globe body 31 and is directly directed to the radiating fin facing portion 34 of the globe 14, and these lights are transmitted through the radiating fin facing portion 34.

そのため、この電球形ランプ11では、グローブ14とともに放熱体13の部分も光り、一般照明電球に近い配光が得られる。この電球形ランプ11を、例えば反射鏡付きの照明器具などに使用した場合でも、反射鏡からの反射光が得られるようになり、照明器具への適合性を高めることができる。   Therefore, in this light bulb shaped lamp 11, the part of the heat dissipating body 13 shines together with the globe 14, and light distribution close to that of a general lighting bulb can be obtained. Even when the light bulb shaped lamp 11 is used in, for example, a lighting fixture with a reflecting mirror, reflected light from the reflecting mirror can be obtained, and compatibility with the lighting fixture can be improved.

また、放熱フィン対向部34は光拡散性を有するため、放熱フィン26の影が投影されにくくできる。   Further, since the radiating fin facing portion 34 has light diffusibility, the shadow of the radiating fin 26 can be hardly projected.

また、放熱体13の一端からグローブ14内に突設した基板取付部27に発光体12を取り付けることにより、ＬＥＤ22からの光をグローブ14の放熱フィン対向部34へ多く向かわせることができ、放熱体13の放熱フィン26間から出る光を増加させることができる。   In addition, by attaching the light emitter 12 to the substrate mounting portion 27 projecting from the one end of the radiator 13 into the globe 14, the light from the LED 22 can be directed to the radiation fin facing portion 34 of the globe 14 in a large amount. Light emitted from between the heat radiation fins 26 of the body 13 can be increased.

本発明の一実施の形態を示す電球形ランプの一部の断面図である。1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a light bulb shaped lamp showing an embodiment of the present invention. 同上電球形ランプの側面図である。It is a side view of a bulb-type lamp.

11 電球形ランプ
12 発光体
13 放熱体
14 グローブ
15 点灯回路
16 ケース
17 口金
25 熱伝導部
26 放熱フィン
27 基板取付部
28 被取付部
34 放熱フィン対向部
37 取付部 11 Bulb lamp
12 Light emitter
13 Heat sink
14 Globe
15 Lighting circuit
16 cases
17 base
25 Heat conduction part
26 Radiation fin
27 Board mounting part
28 Mounted part
34 Radiation fin facing part
37 Mounting part

Claims (3)

発光体と；
この発光体がランプ軸方向の一端において伝熱可能に取り付けられる熱伝導部と、この熱伝導部の周囲から放射状に突出しかつ前記ランプ軸方向に沿って伸びるとともに前記ランプ軸方向の一端に向かって径方向の突出量が徐々に大きくなる複数の放熱フィンとを備え、これら熱伝導部と放熱フィンとが一体成形の金属材料からなる放熱体と；
前記ランプ軸方向の一端において前記発光体を覆い、複数の前記放熱フィンおよび前記放熱フィン間の間隙に対向する放熱フィン対向部を備え、前記放熱フィン対向部が光拡散性を有するグローブと；
前記熱伝導部よりも前記グローブの内腔に向かって突出され、前記発光体を前記熱伝導部に取り付ける伝熱性の基板取付部と；
前記放熱体の他端側に設けられた口金と；
前記発光体を点灯させる点灯回路と；
前記放熱フィンから前記口金にかけて前記放熱フィンの間隙から出射する光を遮蔽する領域を有さず、前記放熱体内および前記口金内に突出形成され、前記放熱体と前記口金とを絶縁するとともに前記点灯回路を収容するケースと；
を具備していることを特徴とする電球形ランプ。 A light emitter;
A heat conducting unit that mounted to the heat transfer at one end the emitters of the lamp axis direction, toward the lamp axis direction end with this from the periphery of the heat-conducting portion projecting radially and extending along the lamp axis direction A plurality of radiating fins that gradually increase in the amount of protrusion in the radial direction, and the heat conducting portion and the radiating fins are made of an integrally formed metal material ;
A glove that covers the light emitter at one end in the lamp axis direction and includes a plurality of the radiation fins and a radiation fin facing portion facing the gap between the radiation fins, and the radiation fin facing portion has a light diffusibility ;
A thermally conductive substrate mounting portion that protrudes from the heat conducting portion toward the inner cavity of the globe and attaches the light emitter to the heat conducting portion;
A base provided on the other end of the radiator;
A lighting circuit for lighting a pre Symbol emitters;
There is no region that shields the light emitted from the gap between the heat radiating fins from the heat radiating fin to the base, and is formed to protrude in the heat radiating body and the base, insulating the heat radiating body and the base, and the lighting A case for housing the circuit;
A light bulb shaped lamp characterized by comprising: 前記放熱フィンの一端側の外径と前記放熱フィン対向部の外径とが同径であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の電球形ランプ。2. The light bulb shaped lamp according to claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of one end side of the radiating fin and an outer diameter of the radiating fin facing portion are the same. 前記放熱体には、一端側の面に前記基板取付部より外側でありかつ前記放熱フィンより内側に溝状の被取付部が設けられ、The heat dissipating body is provided with a groove-shaped attached portion on the surface on one end side outside the substrate attaching portion and inside the heat dissipating fin,
前記グローブには、前記被取付部に固定される取付部が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の電球形ランプ。The light bulb shaped lamp according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the globe is provided with a mounting portion fixed to the mounted portion.
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