JP5234373B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5234373B2 JP5234373B2 JP2010536672A JP2010536672A JP5234373B2 JP 5234373 B2 JP5234373 B2 JP 5234373B2 JP 2010536672 A JP2010536672 A JP 2010536672A JP 2010536672 A JP2010536672 A JP 2010536672A JP 5234373 B2 JP5234373 B2 JP 5234373B2
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 78
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Description
α=S×N (A);
により算出されるαが1×1025〜2.5×1025であることを特徴とする。かかる構成を有するリチウムイオン二次電池は、高温での保存に対して高い容量維持性を示し、かつ低温(典型的には0℃以下、例えば−15℃前後またはそれ以下)でのハイレート充電を含む充放電サイクルに対しても内部抵抗の上昇が抑えられたものとなり得る。
比表面積の異なる9種類の黒鉛粉末C1〜C9を用意し、これらの黒鉛粉末を負極活物質に用いた負極を作製した。すなわち、各黒鉛粉末とSBRとCMCとを、これら材料の質量比が98:1:1であり且つNVが45質量%となるようにイオン交換水と混合して、負極合剤層形成用の組成物を調製した。この組成物を、厚さ10μmの長尺状銅箔(負極集電体)の両面に塗布して乾燥させることにより、負極合剤層を形成した。上記組成物の塗布量(固形分基準)は、両面合わせて7.0mg/cm2となるように調整した。乾燥後、負極集電体とその両面の負極合剤層とを合わせた全体の厚みが60μmとなるようにプレスした。このようにして、各黒鉛粉末C1〜C9に対応する合計9種類のシート状負極(負極シートC1〜C9)を作製した。なお、ここで使用した黒鉛粉末はいずれも、ほぼ球形の黒鉛質粒子を主体に構成されている。上記比表面積の違いは、主として、各黒鉛粉末を構成する黒鉛質粒子の平均粒径の違いに起因する。
[初期容量測定]
サンプル1〜39に係る各電池を、25℃の温度条件下において、端子間電圧が4.1Vになるまで1C(ここでは0.2A)の定電流にて充電し、続いて合計充電時間が2.5時間になるまで定電圧で充電した(CC−CV充電)。充電完了から10分間休止した後、25℃において、4.1Vから3.0Vまで0.33Cの定電流で放電させ、続いて合計放電時間が4時間となるまで定電圧で放電させた。このときの放電容量を各電池の初期容量Q1[Ah]とした。サンプル1〜39に係る電池の初期容量Q1は、いずれも概ね0.2Ahであった。
上記で作製した電極体C1〜C9において、負極合剤層のうちセパレータシートを介して正極合剤層が対向配置された領域に含まれる負極活物質の質量は、いずれも0.84gである。この質量[g]に、使用した各負極活物質C1〜C9の比表面積[m2/g]を掛け、その値を電池の初期容量Q1[Ah]で割ることにより、電池容量1Ah当たりの負極活物質反応面積S[m2]を算出した。得られた値を表1に示す。
上記で作製した電極体C1〜C9の備える負極合剤層の空隙率を、次式:{(実効領域に含まれる負極合剤層の面積)×(負極合剤層の厚み)−(負極活物質の体積+SBRの体積+CMCの体積)}÷{(実効領域に含まれる負極合剤層の面積)×(負極合剤層の厚み)};により算出したところ、電極体C1では36.4%、C2では36.9%、C3では36.4%、C4では37.4%、C5では35.9%、C6では36.9%、C7では37.4%、C8では36.4%、そしてC9では37.4%であった。
上記空隙率と負極合剤層の厚みとから、各電極体C1〜C9について、上記実効領域に含まれる空隙の総体積を求めた。その値を電池の初期容量Q1[Ah]で割ることにより、電池容量1Ah当たりの負極合剤層内空隙体積Vを求めた。そして、各電池の構築に用いた電解液のリチウムイオン濃度から、上記空隙体積Vに含まれるリチウムイオンの数N[個]を求めた。
上記で求めたSとNとを掛け合わせることにより、サンプル1〜39に係る電池のαを算出した。得られた値を表1に示す。
25℃の温度条件下にて、サンプル1〜39に係る電池を、1Cの定電流で4.1Vまで充電した後、合計充電時間が3時間となるまで定電圧で充電するCCCV充電により、SOC100%に調整した。これらの電池を60℃の環境下に30日間保存した後、25℃の温度条件下にて上記初期容量測定時と同じ条件で放電させ、このときの電池容量(高温保存後電池容量Q2)を求めた。そして、次式:Q2/Q1×100[%];により、上記高温保存に対する容量維持率を算出した。得られた結果を表1,2および図1に示す。
25℃の温度条件下にて、サンプル1〜39に係る電池を、端子間電圧が3.75Vとなるまで1Cの定電流で充電し、続いて合計充電時間が120分となるまで定電圧で充電して、SOC60%に調整した。そして、同温度において各電池に対し1/3C、1C、2C、3Cの電流値でそれぞれ10秒間ずつ放電と充電を交互に行って、放電開始から10秒後の電圧を測定した。このときの電流値(X軸)および電圧値(Y軸)を直線回帰し、その傾きから各電池の初期内部抵抗値R1[mΩ]を求めた。
Claims (7)
- 正極集電体上に正極合剤層を有する正極シートと負極集電体上に負極合剤層を有する負極シートとがセパレータを介して重ね合わされた構成の電極体を備え、該電極体がリチウムイオンを含む非水電解液とともに容器に収容されたリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記負極合剤層は、該合剤層の主成分たる負極活物質として、少なくとも一部にグラファイト構造を有するカーボン材料を含み、
前記負極合剤層のうち前記正極合剤層に対向して配置された領域に含まれる前記負極活物質の総表面積を当該電池の容量1Ah当たりに換算した値をS[m2]とし、前記負極合剤層のうち前記領域に含まれる空隙の総体積を当該電池の容量1Ah当たりに換算した値をVとし、前記体積Vの前記非水電解液中に含まれるリチウムイオンの数をN[個]としたとき、次式(A):
α=S×N (A);
により算出されるαが1×1025〜2.5×1025である、リチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記αが1.5×1025以上である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記Sが18m2以上である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記αが1.2×1025以上である、請求項3に記載の電池。
- −15℃以下の環境下で使用される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
- 車両の電源として用いられる、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電池を搭載した、車両。
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