JP5204804B2 - Apparatus for removing residual moisture in material to be dried in tube and method for removing residual moisture in freeze dryer using upright cylindrical tube as drying cabinet - Google Patents

Apparatus for removing residual moisture in material to be dried in tube and method for removing residual moisture in freeze dryer using upright cylindrical tube as drying cabinet Download PDF

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JP5204804B2
JP5204804B2 JP2010109987A JP2010109987A JP5204804B2 JP 5204804 B2 JP5204804 B2 JP 5204804B2 JP 2010109987 A JP2010109987 A JP 2010109987A JP 2010109987 A JP2010109987 A JP 2010109987A JP 5204804 B2 JP5204804 B2 JP 5204804B2
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博 細見
康博 池田
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Kyowa Vacuum Engineering Co Ltd
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本発明は、乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブとした凍結乾燥機で、被乾燥材料を凍結乾燥したときに、乾燥庫内の被乾燥材料中に残存する水分を除去するための、残存水分の除去方法と、その残存水分を除去するために凍結乾燥機に装備せしめる残存水分の除去装置についての改良に関する。   The present invention is a lyophilizer in which the drying chamber is an upright cylindrical tube, and when the material to be dried is freeze-dried, the residual moisture is removed to remove the water remaining in the material to be dried in the drying chamber. The present invention relates to an improvement of a removal method and a removal device for residual moisture that is installed in a freeze dryer to remove the residual moisture.

薬品・食品類の粉末の乾燥製品を製造するとき、薬品・食品類の原材料を液状に調整して液材料とし、この液材料を被乾燥材料として、図1にあるように乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブ1に形成した凍結乾燥機Wの、乾燥庫であるチューブ1の内壁面に、スプレーノズル2により吹き付けて、円筒形の氷柱状に付着氷結させ、これを真空下において凍結乾燥させて、円筒形の乾燥バルク(被乾燥材料の乾燥品)に乾燥させ、これをチューブ1の内壁面から剥離させて、チューブ1の下方に接続させた回収室3に落下させ、この回収室3内で、ノズル4から吹き込む圧風により粉砕し、粉砕機5を経て粉末の乾燥製品として機外に取り出す手段がある。   When manufacturing dry products of powders of chemicals and foods, the raw materials of chemicals and foods are adjusted to liquids to make liquids, and these liquids are used as the materials to be dried. The lyophilizer W formed in the tube 1 is sprayed onto the inner wall surface of the tube 1 serving as a drying chamber by a spray nozzle 2 to freeze and adhere to a cylindrical ice column, which is freeze-dried under vacuum. , Dried into a cylindrical dry bulk (dried material to be dried), peeled off from the inner wall surface of the tube 1, dropped into the collection chamber 3 connected below the tube 1, Then, there is a means of pulverizing with the compressed air blown from the nozzle 4 and taking it out of the apparatus as a dry powder product through the pulverizer 5.

この手段は、液材料とした被乾燥材料を、乾燥庫内で凍結乾燥させる乾燥工程から、乾燥庫で乾燥した被乾燥材料の乾燥バルクを粉砕する粉砕工程、及びサイクロンで分別精選して粉末の乾燥製品とするまでの各工程が、凍結乾燥機の機体内において、外部に対し遮断した状態で行えるので、無菌の保持と汚染ハザード防止の保障が得られるようになるが、乾燥庫であるチューブの内壁面に円筒状に氷結させた被乾燥材料を凍結乾燥させるときに、チューブの筒壁の外面側からその筒壁を経て、円筒状に氷結している被乾燥材料に伝えられる昇華熱の、伝熱むらなどで、被乾燥材料中に氷晶構造のままの未昇華部分が生成されることに起因して、湿った塊の発生や仕上げた粉末の乾燥製品中の含水率を高めるようになる欠点が生じてきている。   This means that the material to be dried as a liquid material is freeze-dried in a drying cabinet, a pulverizing step in which the dried bulk of the material to be dried dried in the drying cabinet is crushed, and sorted and selected by a cyclone. Each process up to the dry product can be performed in the freeze dryer machine in a state of being cut off from the outside, so that aseptic maintenance and prevention of contamination hazards can be ensured. When the material to be dried frozen in a cylindrical shape on the inner wall of the tube is freeze-dried, the sublimation heat transferred from the outer surface side of the tube wall of the tube to the material to be dried frozen in the cylindrical shape through the tube wall. In order to increase the moisture content in the dried product of the wet powder due to the generation of wet mass due to the generation of non-sublimated parts with ice crystal structure in the material to be dried due to uneven heat transfer, etc. Has become a drawback

粉末の乾燥製品の含水率は、薬品の場合には、規格の含水率以下でないと薬品として許可されない。   In the case of chemicals, the moisture content of the dry powder product is not permitted as a chemical unless it is below the specified moisture content.

従って、液材料を凍結乾燥させるときの乾燥庫内の被乾燥材料を乾燥させる工程は、被乾燥材料中に生成される未昇華部分による残存水分を昇華させて消失させるまで行うことになるが、この未昇華部分は、直立円筒状のチューブの筒壁を経て伝えられる熱伝導の悪いところに生じてくるので、この未昇華部分として存在する残存水分を昇華させて消失させるまで昇華熱を供給し続けると、乾燥時間が長くなり又、既に乾燥が終えている他の部分に過剰に熱が供給されて、被乾燥材料に品質の変化を生ぜしめるようになる問題がでてくる。   Therefore, the step of drying the material to be dried in the drying chamber when freeze-drying the liquid material is performed until the residual moisture due to the non-sublimated portion generated in the material to be dried is sublimated and disappeared. Since this non-sublimated part is generated in a place where the heat conduction transmitted through the cylindrical wall of the upright cylindrical tube is poor, sublimation heat is supplied until the remaining water existing as the non-sublimated part is sublimated and disappears. If it continues, the drying time will become long, and the problem will be brought about that a heat | fever is supplied excessively to the other part which has already finished drying, and a quality change will be caused to to-be-dried material.

このことから、乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブとした凍結乾燥機を用いて、液材料とした被乾燥材料を、チューブの内壁面に氷結させ、これを凍結乾燥により乾燥させる場合には、通常、乾燥庫内の被乾燥材料を乾燥させる乾燥工程を、乾燥の全工程のうちの9割までは、所定の乾燥速度で進めるが、乾燥工程の残りの1割は、前記所定の速度の10分の1程度に落としたゆっくりした速度で、9割までにかけた時間と略同じ時間をかけて進行させ、これにより被乾燥材料中に生成されている未昇華部分による残存水分を、この残りの1割のゆっくりした乾燥工程の仕上げ乾燥によって昇華除去させるようにしている。   Therefore, when using a freeze dryer with the drying chamber as an upright cylindrical tube, the material to be dried, which is a liquid material, is frozen on the inner wall surface of the tube and dried by freeze drying. The drying process for drying the material to be dried in the drying cabinet is advanced at a predetermined drying speed up to 90% of all the drying processes, but the remaining 10% of the drying process is 10% of the predetermined speed. The remaining water due to the non-sublimated portion generated in the material to be dried is allowed to proceed at a slow speed reduced to about a fraction of the time taken for approximately 90% of the time taken up to 90%. Sublimation is removed by finishing drying in a slow drying process of 10%.

液材料を凍結乾燥するときに被乾燥材料中に生成する未昇華部分に起因する残存水分を除去するために行われているこの残存水分の除去手段は、乾燥工程の終期を、供給する昇華熱の温度を落としてゆっくりした乾燥速度の仕上げ乾燥で行うことから、乾燥工程の全体の乾燥時間が、チューブ内の被乾燥材料を通常の乾燥工程で乾燥させる場合に比して略倍に長くなり、乾燥工程を終了させるまでに時間を要するようになる問題がある。   This means for removing residual moisture, which is performed to remove residual moisture due to non-sublimated parts generated in the material to be dried when freeze-drying the liquid material, supplies the final stage of the drying process by sublimation heat. The overall drying time of the drying process is approximately twice as long as when the material to be dried in the tube is dried in the normal drying process. There is a problem that it takes time to finish the drying process.

被乾燥材料中に、氷晶構造のままの未昇華部分として生じている残存水分を、昇華させて消失せしめるのに、図2に示しているように凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫Aの庫内にマグネトロン10を装備せしめて、そのマグネトロン10の機器本体11内で発生させた電磁波を、直接照射又は導波管12で誘導して照射し、凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫A内の棚段B上に載置した容器Vに充填されている被乾燥材料中に生じている未昇華部分Zに対し照射し、そのマイクロ波(電磁波)による加熱で水分を昇華させる手段が有効であることの提案がなされてきている。   In the material to be dried, residual moisture generated as an unsublimated portion in the ice crystal structure is sublimated and disappears in the drying chamber A of the freeze dryer as shown in FIG. A magnetron 10 is installed and electromagnetic waves generated in the device main body 11 of the magnetron 10 are irradiated directly or guided through the waveguide 12 and irradiated onto the shelf B in the drying chamber A of the freeze dryer. A proposal has been made that a means for irradiating an unsublimated portion Z generated in a material to be dried filled in a placed container V and sublimating moisture by heating by the microwave (electromagnetic wave) has been proposed. It is coming.

これは、乾燥庫を内部に棚段を設けた乾燥室に構成している通常の形態の凍結乾燥機においては、液材料の凍結乾燥を、液材料は容器Vに充填して容器Vごと乾燥庫A内の棚段B上に並列載置し、庫内を所定の真空度に保持した状態において、棚段Bに組み込まれて循環する熱媒体等の熱源から棚段Bの棚面を経て容器V内の液材料に昇華熱を伝え、水分を昇華させることで行うことから、棚段B上に載置した容器V内の被乾燥物中に生じる未昇華部分Zは、棚段Bの棚面から容器の周面を経て伝えられる熱の伝達がおくれる容器V内の被乾燥材料の中心部位に生じてくる。   This is because, in a normal type freeze dryer having a drying chamber with a shelf inside, the liquid material is freeze-dried and the liquid material is filled into the container V and dried together with the container V. Placed in parallel on shelf B in warehouse A and kept in the warehouse at a predetermined degree of vacuum, through a heat source such as a heat medium circulating in the shelf B through the shelf surface of shelf B Since the sublimation heat is transmitted to the liquid material in the container V and moisture is sublimated, the non-sublimation part Z generated in the material to be dried in the container V placed on the shelf B is that of the shelf B. Heat is transmitted from the shelf surface through the peripheral surface of the container to the center portion of the material to be dried in the container V.

被乾燥材料中に生ずる未昇華部分は、検索するまでもなく判然としており、乾燥庫内にマグネトロンを装備し、それにより発生させたマイクロ波を直接照射又は導波管で誘導して、容器内の被乾燥材料の中心部位に照射するようにすれば、マイクロ波による未昇華部分の昇華の達成が得られることになるということである。   The unsublimated part generated in the material to be dried is obvious without searching, and a magnetron is installed in the drying chamber, and the generated microwave is directly irradiated or guided by a waveguide, and the inside of the container. If the central part of the material to be dried is irradiated, the sublimation of the non-sublimated part by microwaves can be achieved.

ところが、乾燥庫を、縦型の円筒形に構成した凍結乾燥機では、円筒形の乾燥庫の内壁面に円筒形に氷結させた被乾燥材料中に生じてくる未昇華部分は、円筒形の乾燥庫の筒壁を経て伝えられる昇華熱の伝達が遅れる部位に生じてくることになるが、この遅れる部位が予め想定することのできない部位に現出する。   However, in a freeze dryer in which the drying chamber is configured in a vertical cylindrical shape, the non-sublimated portion generated in the material to be dried frozen in a cylindrical shape on the inner wall surface of the cylindrical drying chamber is cylindrical. Although the sublimation heat transmitted through the cylindrical wall of the drying chamber is generated at a portion where transmission is delayed, the delayed portion appears at a portion that cannot be assumed in advance.

また、この形態の凍結乾燥機での液材料の凍結乾燥では、円筒形の乾燥庫の内壁面に円筒状に凍結付着させた被乾燥材料が乾燥し終えたところで、乾燥庫の内壁面から剥離させて、乾燥庫の下方に接続させた円筒形状の回収室に落とし、そこで乾燥バルクに破砕することから、乾燥庫の内壁面からの被乾燥材料の剥離・落下が容易に行われるようにするため、液材料を、直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に吹き付け氷結させる前に、そのチューブの内壁面に蒸留水を噴霧して薄膜状の氷層を形成しておいて、この氷膜の上に液材料を凍結させ、凍結した液材料の被乾燥材料が乾燥したときの、被乾燥材料のチューブ内壁面からの剥離が簡単に行われるようにしている。   In the freeze-drying of the liquid material in this form of freeze-dryer, when the material to be dried freeze-adhered in a cylindrical shape on the inner wall surface of the cylindrical drying chamber has finished drying, the material is peeled off from the inner wall surface of the drying chamber. And let it fall into a cylindrical collection chamber connected to the bottom of the drying cabinet, where it is crushed into a dry bulk, so that the material to be dried can be easily peeled off and dropped from the inner wall of the drying cabinet. Therefore, before spraying the liquid material onto the inner wall surface of an upright cylindrical tube and freezing it, a thin ice layer is formed by spraying distilled water on the inner wall surface of the tube. The liquid material is frozen, and when the material to be dried of the frozen liquid material is dried, the material to be dried is easily detached from the inner wall surface of the tube.

この氷膜の消失による被乾燥材料のチューブ内壁面からの剥離は、チューブの外面側からチューブ筒壁を経て内壁面より被乾燥材料に伝えられる熱に対しては、その熱の流れを阻害するように働く。   The separation of the material to be dried from the inner wall surface of the tube due to the disappearance of the ice film inhibits the flow of heat from the outer surface side of the tube to the material to be dried from the inner wall surface through the tube tube wall. To work.

このことから、氷膜が消失した部分に対面する被乾燥材料の部位には、昇華熱が伝わりにくくなることで、この部位に未昇華部が生成してくるようになる。そして、この未昇華部の生因となる氷膜の消失部位は、氷膜全体に均一に揃って生ずることはなく、ランダムに生成される。この部位を予測し、また、検索することは、殆ど不可能であるという問題がでてくる。   For this reason, the sublimation heat becomes difficult to be transmitted to the portion of the material to be dried facing the portion where the ice film disappears, so that an unsublimated portion is generated at this portion. And the disappearance site | part of the ice film used as the cause of this non-sublimation part does not arise uniformly in the whole ice film, but is produced | generated at random. There is a problem that it is almost impossible to predict and search this part.

さらに、マイクロ波の照射によりチューブ内壁面に円筒状に凍結している被乾燥材料中の残存水分を、昇華消失させるには、乾燥庫であるチューブ内にマグネトロンとそれの導波管を組み込み装備せしめることになるが、組み込むマグネトロンと導波管が、チューブ内の上端側に装備されるスプレーノズルからの液材料の噴霧作用を阻害するようになる問題が生じてくる。   Furthermore, in order to dissipate and eliminate residual moisture in the material to be dried, which is frozen in a cylindrical shape on the inner wall surface of the tube by microwave irradiation, a magnetron and its waveguide are incorporated in the tube as a drying cabinet. However, there is a problem that the magnetron and the waveguide to be incorporated impede the spraying action of the liquid material from the spray nozzle provided on the upper end side in the tube.

また、被乾燥材料をチューブの内壁面に氷結付着させて、チューブ内に装填して収容せしめる形態とすることから、チューブ内の被乾燥材料の凍結乾燥による乾燥工程が終了して、乾燥バルク(液材料の乾燥品)を回収室に落とし機外に取り出す一連の作業が終えたときに、次にチューブ内に液材料を供給する前に、汚染ハザードの防止のためにチューブ内のクリーニング処理と滅菌処理の作業を行うが、このとき、チューブ内に装備せしめるマグネトロンとそれの導波管とが、液材料を詰まり込ませる複雑な構造をチューブ内に持ち込むことになるので、この汚染ハザード防止のための、クリーニング処理と滅菌処理を不完全なものとする問題がでてくる。   In addition, since the material to be dried is frozen and attached to the inner wall surface of the tube and is loaded and accommodated in the tube, the drying process by lyophilization of the material to be dried in the tube is finished, and the dry bulk ( When a series of operations to drop the liquid material (dried product) into the collection chamber and take it out of the machine is complete, before supplying the liquid material into the tube, the tube must be cleaned to prevent contamination hazards. At this time, the magnetron and its waveguide installed in the tube bring in a complicated structure that clogs the liquid material into the tube. Therefore, there arises a problem that the cleaning process and the sterilization process are incomplete.

本発明において解決しようとする課題は、乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブに形成した形態の凍結乾燥機による、被乾燥材料の凍結乾燥において、乾燥工程の終期に、被乾燥材料の内部に生じてくる未昇華部分の水分を昇華消失せしめるために行う仕上げ乾燥が、スプレーノズルによるチューブ内壁面への液材料の吹き付け、及び、乾燥工程の終了後に行うチューブ内の洗浄・滅菌作業に支障を生ぜしめることなく、マグネトロンで発生させたマイクロ波の照射の適用により短時間で終了させ得る手段を構成する点にある。   The problem to be solved in the present invention occurs in the inside of the material to be dried at the end of the drying process in the freeze drying of the material to be dried by the freeze dryer in the form in which the drying chamber is formed in an upright cylindrical tube. Finish drying to dissipate the moisture in the unsublimated part will cause troubles in spraying the liquid material onto the inner wall surface of the tube with a spray nozzle and cleaning and sterilization in the tube after the drying process is completed. In this respect, a means that can be completed in a short time by applying microwave irradiation generated by a magnetron is provided.

上述の課題を解決するための手段として、本発明においては、凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫を金属材で直立円筒形のチューブに構成し、その直立円筒形チューブの上端側に接続する金属材よりなる真空排気系のダクトの周壁の基端側に寄る部位に、窓穴を開設して、ガラス板により気密に閉塞し、その窓穴を閉塞する前記ガラス板の外側に、マグネトロンを、そのマグネトロンのマイクロ波の投射口、又はそのマグネトロンに接続した導波管のマイクロ波の投射口が、前記ガラス板を介して前記ダクトの周壁に設けた窓穴に対向するように配位して前記真空排気系のダクトに対して組み付け、マグネトロンで発生させたマイクロ波が前記直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に凍結した被乾燥材料に対して投射されるように構成したことを特徴とする凍結乾燥機における直立円筒形のチューブ内の被乾燥材料中の残存水分除去装置。
および、凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫を金属材で直立円筒形のチューブに構成し、その直立円筒形のチューブの筒壁の、被乾燥材料を円筒状に凍結させる部よりも上方に位置する部位に、窓穴を開設して、ガラス板により気密に閉塞し、その窓穴を閉塞するガラス板の外側には、マグネトロンを、そのマグネトロンのマイクロ波の投射口、又はそのマグネトロンに接続した導波管のマイクロ波の投射口が、前記ガラス板を介して前記窓穴に対向するよう配位して、前記直立円筒形のチューブに対し組み付け装架し、マグネトロンで発生させたマイクロ波が、前記直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に凍結した被乾燥材料に対し投射されるよう構成したことを特徴とする凍結乾燥機における直立円筒形のチューブ内の被乾燥材料中の残存水分除去装置。
および、凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫を金属材で直立円筒形のチューブに構成し、その直立円筒形のチューブの筒壁の上端部か、又はチューブの上端側に接続する金属材よりなる真空排気系のダクトの周壁に形設されているガラス板で閉塞された覗き窓の外側に、マグネトロンを、そのマグネトロンのマイクロ波の投射口、又はマグネトロンに接続した導波管のマイクロ波の投射口が、前記ガラス板を介し前記覗き窓に対向するよう配位して、チューブまたはダクトに対し組み付け装架し、マグネトロンで発生させたマイクロ波が、前記直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に凍結した被乾燥材料に対し投射されるよう構成したことを特徴とする凍結乾燥機における直立円筒形のチューブ内の被乾燥材料中の残存水分除去装置。
ならびに、凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫を金属材で直立円筒形のチューブに構成し、その乾燥庫を構成する直立円筒形のチューブの筒壁の上端側か、又はその直立円筒形のチューブの上端側に接続する真空排気系のダクトの周壁の基端側に寄る部位に形設せるガラス板で閉塞された窓穴の外側に、マグネトロンを、そのマグネトロンのマイクロ波の投射口、又はそのマグネトロンに接続した導波管のマイクロ波の投射口が、前記ガラス板を介し前記窓穴に対向するよう配位して、直立円筒形のチューブまたは真空排気系のダクトに対し組み付け装架し、マグネトロンで発生せしめたマイクロ波が、前記直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に凍結した被乾燥材料に対し投射されるよう構成し、このマグネトロンを、直立円筒形のチューブ内の被乾燥材料を凍結乾燥する乾燥工程の終期に、被乾燥材料から昇華してくる水蒸気の温度が零度を超えない範囲にマイクロ波の投射をコントロールするよう断続的に作動せしめて、直立円筒形のチューブ内の、被乾燥材料中の氷晶よりなる残存水分を、その氷晶を融解させない状態で昇華除去させることを特徴とする凍結乾燥機の直立円筒内の被乾燥材料中の残存水分除去方法を提起するものである。
As means for solving the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, the freeze-dryer drying cabinet is composed of a metal material in an upright cylindrical tube, and is connected to the upper end side of the upright cylindrical tube. the site by the vacuum exhaust system the base end side of the peripheral wall of the duct comprising, by opening the window hole, and air-tightly closed by a glass plate, on the outside of the glass plate for closing the window hole, the magnetron, the magnetron The microwave projection port or the microwave projection port of the waveguide connected to the magnetron is positioned so as to face the window hole provided in the peripheral wall of the duct via the glass plate, and the vacuum assembled to the exhaust system of ducts, characterized in that the microwave generated by the magnetron is configured to be projected onto the dried material frozen on the inner wall surface of the upright cylindrical tube frozen Residual moisture removal device of the dried material in the upright cylindrical tube in 燥機.
And, a portion of the drying chamber of the freeze dryer configured in an upright cylindrical tube of metal material, the cylindrical wall of the upright cylindrical tube, located above the section position to freeze the dried material into a cylindrical shape to, by opening the window hole, and air-tightly closed by a glass plate, on the outside of the glass plate for closing the window hole, a magnetron, is connected microwave projection opening of the magnetron, or the magnetron waveguide The microwave projection port of the tube is positioned so as to face the window hole through the glass plate, and is assembled and mounted on the upright cylindrical tube , and the microwave generated by the magnetron is A device for removing residual moisture in a material to be dried in an upright cylindrical tube in a freeze dryer, wherein the material is projected onto a material to be dried on an inner wall surface of an upright cylindrical tube.
And the drying chamber of the freeze dryer is composed of a metal material in an upright cylindrical tube, and a vacuum exhaust system made of a metal material connected to the upper end of the tube wall of the upright cylindrical tube or the upper end side of the tube of the outer peripheral wall is closed by a glass plate that has been Katachi設the viewing window of the duct, a magnetron, a microwave of projection opening of the magnetron, or microwave projection opening of the waveguide connected to the magnetron, Coordinated to face the viewing window through the glass plate, assembled and mounted on a tube or duct , the microwave generated by the magnetron is frozen on the inner wall surface of the upright cylindrical tube A device for removing residual moisture in a material to be dried in an upright cylindrical tube in a freeze dryer, wherein the material is projected to a material.
In addition, the drying cabinet of the freeze dryer is made of metal material into an upright cylindrical tube, and the upper end side of the cylindrical wall of the upright cylindrical tube constituting the drying chamber or the upper end side of the upright cylindrical tube The magnetron is connected to the magnetron 's microwave projection port or the magnetron outside the window hole closed by the glass plate that is formed near the proximal end of the peripheral wall of the duct of the vacuum exhaust system connected to the The microwave projection port of the waveguide is positioned so as to face the window hole through the glass plate, and is mounted on an upright cylindrical tube or a vacuum exhaust system duct and generated by a magnetron. allowed the microwaves, said configured to be projected to the dried material frozen on the inner wall surface of an upright cylindrical tube, the magnetron, freeze the the dried material in the upright cylindrical tube At the end of the drying the drying step, caused to intermittently actuated so as to control the projection of the microwave range the temperature of the steam coming sublimated from the dried material does not exceed zero, in an upright cylindrical tube, the that the ice crystals formed of the residual moisture in the dried material, present a residual moisture removal process of the dried material in the upstanding lyophilizer, wherein the sublimating removed in a state which does not melt the ice crystals It is.

この本発明手段は、種々の試行と検討を重ねて得られた知見に基づいて成されたものである。   This means of the present invention is based on knowledge obtained through repeated trials and examinations.

乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブに構成した凍結乾燥機を用い、被乾燥材料を液状に調整してチューブの内壁面に円筒状に氷結させ、これを凍結乾燥により乾燥させる工程において、被乾燥材料中に生成する未昇華部分による残存水分を消失させるのに、マイクロ波の照射を適用する際、マイクロ波を発生させるマグネトロンは、乾燥庫であるチューブまたはそのチューブに接続する真空排気系のダクトの外側に配置して、マグネトロンの投射口から放射するマイクロ波だけをチューブの筒壁またはダクトの周壁に窓穴状にあけた開口から、チューブまたはダクト内に投射すれば、そのマイクロ波は金属材で成形してあるチューブ・ダクトの内面の金属面に乱反射することで、チューブの下端側に向けて進み、チューブ内壁面に氷結している被乾燥材料に照射されるようになること。   In the process of using a freeze dryer with the drying chamber configured as an upright cylindrical tube, adjusting the material to be dried to a liquid state, freezing it in a cylindrical shape on the inner wall surface of the tube, and drying it by freeze drying, When applying microwave irradiation to dissipate residual moisture due to unsublimated parts generated in the magnetron, the magnetron that generates the microwave is the tube of the drying chamber or the duct of the vacuum exhaust system connected to the tube. If it is placed outside and only the microwave radiated from the magnetron projection port is projected into the tube or duct from the opening made in the shape of the window hole on the tube wall or the peripheral wall of the duct, the microwave will be metal material The diffused reflection on the metal surface of the inner surface of the tube / duct formed in step 4 leads toward the lower end of the tube and freezes on the inner wall surface of the tube. Become it is irradiated to 燥材 fee.

そして、この開口を通してチューブ内に照射されるマイクロ波は、金属材よりなるチューブの金属面の内壁面による乱反射で誘導されることで、氷膜の消失によりチューブ内壁面と円筒状の被乾燥材料との間に形成される間隙に進入して、その間隙に対面している被乾燥材料の部分に照射されるようになること。   The microwave irradiated into the tube through this opening is induced by irregular reflection by the inner wall surface of the metal surface of the tube made of a metal material, so that the inner wall surface of the tube and the cylindrical material to be dried are lost due to disappearance of the ice film. It enters the gap formed between the two and the portion of the material to be dried facing the gap.

このチューブ・ダクト内へのマグネトロンによるマイクロ波の投射は、ダクトの上面で、チューブの上方に位置する部位に、チューブ内部を覗き見るよう設けられているガラス板を嵌装した覗き窓の外面側に、マグネトロンを配置して、マイクロ波の投射を、ガラス板ごしに行っても、ダクト・チューブの内面の金属面に乱反射してチューブ内壁面に付着している被乾燥材料の内外の周面に投射されていくこと。   The projection of the microwave by the magnetron into the tube duct is performed on the outer surface side of the viewing window in which a glass plate is installed on the upper surface of the duct so as to look inside the tube. Even if the magnetron is placed and the microwave is projected through the glass plate, the inner and outer circumferences of the material to be dried that adheres to the inner wall of the tube due to the diffuse reflection on the inner metal surface of the duct / tube Projecting on the surface.

さらに、マイクロ波の投射をガラス板の外からガラス板を通して行っても、マイクロ波の被乾燥材料に対する照射に支障がないことから、マグネトロンを、マグネトロンに導波管が一体的に接続しているときは導波管ごと、ガラス板で隔てたチューブ・ダクトの外面側に装備することで、チューブ内壁面のクリーニング・滅菌に支障のないよう装備し得ること、の知見を得たことによるものである。
そして、このことから、上述した手段を提起するものである。
Furthermore, even if the projection of the microwave is performed from the outside of the glass plate through the glass plate, there is no hindrance to the irradiation of the microwave to the material to be dried. Therefore, the magnetron and the waveguide are integrally connected to the magnetron. Sometimes it is due to the knowledge that it is possible to equip the waveguide and the outer surface of the tube / duct separated by a glass plate so as not to interfere with the cleaning and sterilization of the inner wall of the tube. is there.
And from this, the above-mentioned means are proposed.

乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブに構成した凍結乾燥機による被乾燥材料の凍結乾燥において、被乾燥材料の内部に生じてくる未昇華部分の水分を昇華消失させるために、乾燥工程の終期に行う仕上げ乾燥が、ノズルによるチューブ内壁面への被乾燥材料の吹き付け、及び、乾燥工程の終了後に行うチューブ内のクリーニング・滅菌作業に支障を生ぜしめずに、マグネトロンによるマイクロ波を適用して、短い時間で行えるようになる。   In the freeze-drying of the material to be dried by a freeze dryer whose drying chamber is configured as an upright cylindrical tube, it is performed at the end of the drying process in order to sublimate and dissipate the water in the unsublimated portion generated inside the material to be dried. Finish drying is short by applying microwaves with a magnetron without interfering with the spraying of the material to be dried onto the inner wall surface of the tube by the nozzle and the cleaning and sterilization work in the tube after the completion of the drying process. You can do it in time.

乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブに形成した凍結乾燥機の一部破断した正面図である。It is the partially broken front view of the freeze dryer which formed the drying warehouse in the tube of an upright cylinder. 凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫内の棚段に載置して凍結乾燥した被乾燥材料中の、未昇華部分に対し、マグネトロンで発生させたマイクロ波を照射する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which irradiates the microwave which generate | occur | produced with the magnetron with respect to the non-sublimation part in the to-be-dried material which was mounted on the shelf in the drying warehouse of a freeze dryer, and was lyophilized. 本発明を実施せる第1の実施例装置の一部破断した正面図である。It is the front view which fractured | ruptured partially the 1st Example apparatus which implements this invention. 同上実施例の要部の縦断正面図である。It is a vertical front view of the principal part of an Example same as the above. 同上実施例の覗き窓の外面側に装架するマグネトロンを、導波管を除いてマグネトロン本体だけにした例の要部の縦断正面図である。It is a longitudinal front view of the principal part of the example which made only the magnetron main body the magnetron mounted on the outer surface side of the observation window of an Example same as the above except the waveguide. 本発明の第2の実施例の要部の縦断正面図である。It is a vertical front view of the principal part of 2nd Example of this invention. 同上実施例の、ダクトの一端側に開設せる開口の外側に配設したマグネトロンを、導波管の接続がないマグネトロン本体だけにした例の要部の縦断正面図である。It is a vertical front view of the principal part of the example which made only the magnetron main body without the connection of the waveguide the magnetron arrange | positioned outside the opening opened in the one end side of a duct of an Example same as the above. 本発明の第3の実施例の要部の縦断正面図である。It is a vertical front view of the principal part of 3rd Example of this invention. 同上実施例の、ダクトの周壁に開設せる開口の外側に配設したマグネトロンを、導波管の接続がないマグネトロン本体だけにした例の要部の縦断正面図である。It is a vertical front view of the principal part of the example which made only the magnetron main body without the connection of the waveguide the magnetron arrange | positioned outside the opening opened in the surrounding wall of a duct of an Example same as the above. 本発明の第4の実施例の要部の縦断正面図である。It is a vertical front view of the principal part of the 4th example of the present invention. 同上実施例の、チューブの筒壁に開設せる開口の外側に配設したマグネトロンを導波管の接続がないマグネトロン本体だけにした例の縦断正面図である。It is a vertical front view of the example which made only the magnetron main body without the connection of the waveguide the magnetron arrange | positioned outside the opening opened in the cylinder wall of a tube of an Example same as the above.

次に本発明手段の実施の態様を、実施例につき図面に従い詳述する。   Next, embodiments of the means of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図3は、本発明手段の一実施例の一部を縦断して示す正面図、図4は同上実施例の要部の縦断側面図である。図において、Wは凍結乾燥機の機体全体、1は凍結乾燥機Wの乾燥庫を構成する直立円筒形のチューブ、2は乾燥庫であるチューブ1の内壁面に、液状に調整した被乾燥材料の液材料を吹き付け氷結させるスプレーノズル、3はチューブ1の下方に接続させて設けた被乾燥材料の乾燥品(乾燥バルク)を回収する回収室、4はチューブ1内壁面から剥離させて回収室3内に落下させた乾燥バルクを破砕する圧風を吹き出すジェットノズル、5は回収室3から排出される乾燥バルクの破砕物を粉砕する粉砕機、6は粉砕機5から排出される粉砕物を分別する遠心分離式のサイクロン、7はチューブ1の上端側に接続せる真空排気系のダクト、Tは液状に調整した被乾燥材料の液材料を収容しておくタンク、T2は前記タンクTから汲上ポンプPで汲み上げた液材料を収容する第2タンク、Rは、第2タンクT2からスプレーノズル2に供給されて、そのスプレーノズル2から噴射される液材料を、円筒状の内壁面に沿い連続する皮膜状に拡げて円筒形のチューブ1の内壁面に流下させるよう、チューブ1の上端側に形設した液材料の流下室、8はその流下室Rの内壁面をつたいチューブ1の内壁面に流下する液材料をチューブ1内壁面に氷結させるようチューブ1の外周に設けた冷媒のジャケット、9は前記流下室R内におけるスプレーノズル2からの液材料の噴射状況、および液材料の流下状態ならびにチューブ1内壁面への液材料の凍結状態を覗き見るよう、ダクト7の基端部の上面で流下室Rの上方に位置する部位に設けた開口aにガラス板bを嵌装して形成している覗き窓、10はこの覗き窓9の外側に配設したマグネトロンを示す。   FIG. 3 is a front view showing a part of one embodiment of the means of the present invention in a longitudinal section, and FIG. 4 is a longitudinal side view of a main part of the embodiment. In the figure, W is the entire body of the freeze dryer, 1 is an upright cylindrical tube constituting the drying cabinet of the freeze dryer W, 2 is the material to be dried adjusted to the liquid on the inner wall surface of the tube 1 which is the dryer Spray nozzle for spraying and freezing the liquid material of the above, 3 is a recovery chamber for recovering a dried product (dry bulk) provided to be connected below the tube 1, and 4 is a recovery chamber for separating from the inner wall surface of the tube 1 A jet nozzle that blows out a compressed air that crushes the dry bulk dropped into 3, a pulverizer that crushes crushed material of the dry bulk discharged from the collection chamber 3, and a pulverized material that is discharged from the pulverizer 5. A centrifugal cyclone for separation, 7 is a duct of an evacuation system connected to the upper end side of the tube 1, T is a tank for storing the liquid material of the material to be dried adjusted to a liquid state, T 2 is pumped from the tank T Pump P The second tank, R, for storing the pumped liquid material is supplied to the spray nozzle 2 from the second tank T2, and the liquid material sprayed from the spray nozzle 2 is continuously formed along a cylindrical inner wall surface. The liquid material flow-down chamber 8 formed on the upper end side of the tube 1 flows down to the inner wall surface of the tube 1 to which the inner wall surface of the flow-down chamber R is connected. A refrigerant jacket 9 is provided on the outer periphery of the tube 1 so that the liquid material to be frozen on the inner wall surface of the tube 1, and 9 indicates the state of jetting of the liquid material from the spray nozzle 2 in the flow-down chamber R, and the liquid material flow state 1 A glass plate b is fitted into an opening a provided at a position located above the flow-down chamber R on the upper surface of the base end portion of the duct 7 so as to look into the frozen state of the liquid material on the inner wall surface. The viewing window, 0 indicates a magnetron which is arranged outside the viewing window 9.

マグネトロン10は、通電により作動してマイクロ波を発生させるマイクロ波発生装置(図示省略)を本体ケース11内に装備し、発生させたマイクロ波を放射する投射口10aには、マイクロ波を誘導する導波管12が接続してある通常のもので、導波管12の先端のマイクロ波の放射口13が、覗き窓9を気密に塞ぐよう設けたガラス板bの外面側に対面する状態姿勢として、組付機枠(図示省略)により、ダクト7の外面側に組み付けてある。   The magnetron 10 is equipped with a microwave generator (not shown) that is activated by energization to generate microwaves in the main body case 11, and induces microwaves to the projection port 10a that emits the generated microwaves. A state in which the waveguide 12 is connected and the microwave radiation port 13 at the tip of the waveguide 12 faces the outer surface side of the glass plate b provided so as to hermetically close the viewing window 9. As shown in the figure, the outer surface of the duct 7 is assembled by an assembling machine frame (not shown).

マグネトロン10には、それの作動を制御する制御装置(図示省略)が接続させてあり、その制御装置は、凍結乾燥機Wの機体の外面側に装架してある。   The magnetron 10 is connected to a control device (not shown) for controlling the operation thereof, and the control device is mounted on the outer surface side of the freeze-dryer W.

この制御装置の制御作動で、乾燥工程の終期にマグネトロン10を作動させれば、発生して放射されるマイクロ波は、図4において鎖線の矢印で示しているように、金属材で形成してあるダクト7及びチューブ1の内面の金属面を乱反射してチューブ1内の下端側に進み、チューブ1内に円筒状に凍結している被乾燥材料Mの全周面に投射していくようになり、被乾燥材料M中に氷晶のままで残っている未昇華部分Zに昇華熱を与え、水分を昇華させるように作用する。   If the magnetron 10 is operated at the end of the drying process by the control operation of this control device, the generated and radiated microwave is formed of a metal material as shown by the chain line arrow in FIG. The metal surface of the duct 7 and the inner surface of the tube 1 is irregularly reflected, proceeds to the lower end side in the tube 1, and is projected onto the entire circumferential surface of the material to be dried M frozen in the tube 1 in a cylindrical shape. The sublimation heat Z is applied to the non-sublimated portion Z remaining as ice crystals in the material to be dried M, and the moisture is sublimated.

このとき、チューブ1内に生成してくる水蒸気の温度を検出器で検出して、その水蒸気の温度が零度以下の範囲に保持されるように、マグネトロン10の作動をオン・オフ制御する。これにより、被乾燥材料M中の既に乾燥している部分に、過剰のマイクロ波による熱を与えて変質を生ぜしめることなく、未昇華部分の昇華消失が得られるようになる。   At this time, the temperature of the water vapor generated in the tube 1 is detected by a detector, and the operation of the magnetron 10 is controlled on and off so that the temperature of the water vapor is maintained in a range of zero degrees or less. Thereby, the sublimation disappearance of the non-sublimated part can be obtained without giving heat by excessive microwave to the already dried part in the material to be dried M and causing alteration.

図5は、上述の実施例におけるマグネトロン10から接続してある導波管12を除いて、マグネトロン10を、それの投射口10aが、覗き窓9の開口aを塞ぐガラス板bの外側に位置するように配位して、組付機枠(図示省略)によりダクト7の外面に組み付けている例である。この例も、上述の実施例と同様に作用する。   FIG. 5 shows the magnetron 10 except for the waveguide 12 connected from the magnetron 10 in the above-described embodiment. The projection 10a of the magnetron 10 is positioned outside the glass plate b that closes the opening a of the viewing window 9. This is an example in which they are arranged and assembled to the outer surface of the duct 7 by an assembling machine frame (not shown). This example also operates in the same manner as the above-described embodiment.

図6は、別の実施例を示している。
図は、乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブとした凍結乾燥機Wの要部だけを示し、凍結乾燥機Wの全体構成における各部材についての記載は省略している。
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment.
The figure shows only the main part of the freeze dryer W in which the drying cabinet is an upright cylindrical tube, and the description of each member in the overall configuration of the freeze dryer W is omitted.

凍結乾燥機Wは、前述の実施例1の凍結乾燥機Wと同様に、乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブに構成している凍結乾燥機である。図において、1は、乾燥庫である直立円筒形のチューブ、7は、基端側を前記チューブ1の上端側に接続した真空排気系に通ずるダクト、2はチューブ1内壁面に凍結させる液材料を噴射するスプレーノズル、Rはこのスプレーノズル2から噴射される液材料を内壁面で受け止め、円筒形に連続する皮膜状の形態として、内壁面をつたわせてチューブ1の内壁面に向け流下させる流下室、であり、これらは、前述の実施例1で同じ符号で示している部材と同様の構成のものである。   The lyophilizer W is a lyophilizer in which the drying cabinet is configured as an upright cylindrical tube, similar to the lyophilizer W of Example 1 described above. In the figure, 1 is an upright cylindrical tube that is a drying cabinet, 7 is a duct that leads to an evacuation system in which the base end side is connected to the upper end side of the tube 1, and 2 is a liquid material that is frozen on the inner wall surface of the tube 1. The spray nozzle R for spraying the liquid material receives the liquid material sprayed from the spray nozzle 2 on the inner wall surface, and flows down toward the inner wall surface of the tube 1 by connecting the inner wall surface as a cylindrical film-like form. These are the flow-down chambers, which have the same configuration as the members denoted by the same reference numerals in the first embodiment.

aは、チューブ1の上端側に接続する真空排気系のダクト7の基端側で筒状をなす該ダクト7の軸方向における一端側の端壁に開設したマイクロ波の投射用の窓穴状の開口、10はその開口aに嵌装したガラス板bの外面側に、導波管12の先端の放射口13を臨ませて、ダクト7の外面側に組み付け装架したマグネトロンを示す。   a is a window hole shape for microwave projection provided on the end wall on one end side in the axial direction of the duct 7 which is cylindrical at the base end side of the duct 7 of the evacuation system connected to the upper end side of the tube 1. The openings 10 are magnetrons assembled and mounted on the outer surface side of the duct 7 with the radiation port 13 at the tip of the waveguide 12 facing the outer surface side of the glass plate b fitted in the opening a.

この実施例は、チューブ1・ダクト7の外面側に配設したマグネトロン10で発生させたマイクロ波を、チューブ1内の被乾燥材料Mに向け誘導して照射させるために、チューブ1・ダクト7に開設しておく開口aを、筒状のダクト7の軸方向の一端側の端壁面に開設して、マイクロ波を、ダクト7内に軸方向に沿わせて投射し、そのマイクロ波が金属面のダクト7の内壁面による乱反射で、チューブ1内に誘導されて、被乾燥材料に照射していくようにしている例である。   In this embodiment, the microwave generated by the magnetron 10 disposed on the outer surface side of the tube 1 / duct 7 is guided and irradiated toward the material M to be dried in the tube 1 so that the tube 1 / duct 7 is irradiated. Is opened on the end wall surface of one end of the cylindrical duct 7 in the axial direction, and the microwave is projected into the duct 7 along the axial direction. This is an example in which the material to be dried is irradiated by irregular reflection by the inner wall surface of the duct 7 on the surface and irradiated to the material to be dried.

ダクト7の軸方向の一端側の端壁面に開設した開口aの外側に配設するマグネトロン10は、導波管12を外した本体だけの形態のものとし、これを、図7にあるよう、開口aを塞ぐガラス板bの外側に装備させる場合がある。   The magnetron 10 disposed outside the opening a opened on the end wall surface on the one end side in the axial direction of the duct 7 is of the form of the main body with the waveguide 12 removed, and this is as shown in FIG. In some cases, the glass plate b that closes the opening a is provided outside.

この実施例では、チューブ1内壁面に付着させた被乾燥材料Mの乾燥工程が進んで、終期に近づいたとき、マグネトロン10を、それに接続してある制御装置の制御作動で作動させれば、そのマグネトロン10の導波管12の先端の放射口13から放射されるマイクロ波は、図6・図7において、破線の矢印イに示しているように、開口aに設けたガラス板bを透過してダクト7内に投射されるが、破線の矢印ロに示すようにダクト7の内面の金属面により乱反射してチューブ1内腔に進入し、そのチューブ1の内壁面の金属面によりさらに破線の矢印ハ・ニの如く反射を繰り返しながら、チューブ1内壁面に付着している被乾燥材料Mの全周面に照射していくようになり、これにより、被乾燥材料中の熱伝導の悪い部分に生じていた未昇華部分Zに昇華熱を与え、これを昇華させて消失させるようになる。   In this embodiment, when the drying process of the material M to be dried adhered to the inner wall surface of the tube 1 proceeds and approaches the final stage, if the magnetron 10 is operated by the control operation of the control device connected thereto, The microwave radiated from the radiation port 13 at the tip of the waveguide 12 of the magnetron 10 passes through the glass plate b provided in the opening a as shown by the broken arrow a in FIGS. Then, it is projected into the duct 7, but as shown by the broken arrow b, it is diffusely reflected by the metal surface on the inner surface of the duct 7 and enters the lumen of the tube 1, and further broken by the metal surface of the inner wall surface of the tube 1. While being repeatedly reflected as indicated by the arrows C, the entire surface of the material to be dried M adhering to the inner wall surface of the tube 1 is irradiated, so that the heat conduction in the material to be dried is poor. Non-sublimation that occurred in the part Gives sublimation heat to a separatory Z, so it dissipates subliming it.

図8は、さらに別の実施例を示す。図は、前述の実施例1・2と同様に、乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブに構成した凍結乾燥機の液材料を内壁面に凍結させるチューブ1とそのチューブ1に接続せる真空排気系に通ずるダクト7の基端部、チューブ1の内壁面に向け液材料を噴射するスプレーノズル2を含むチューブ1のまわりの要部を示し、凍結乾燥機の全体構成における諸部材は省略してある。   FIG. 8 shows yet another embodiment. The figure shows a tube 1 that freezes the liquid material of the freeze dryer in which the drying chamber is configured as an upright cylindrical tube, and the vacuum exhaust system that is connected to the tube 1 in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments. The main part around the tube 1 including the spray nozzle 2 for injecting the liquid material toward the inner end wall of the duct 7 and the tube 1 is shown, and various members in the entire configuration of the freeze dryer are omitted.

図において、1は直立円筒形のチューブ、2はチューブ1内壁面に氷結させる液材料を噴射するスプレーノズル、Rはスプレーノズル2から噴射されてくる液材料を、内壁面により連続する皮膜状の態様に変換させて、チューブ1の内壁面に向け流下させる流下室、7はチューブ1の上端側に基端側を接続せしめた真空排気系に通ずるダクトであり、これらは、前述の各実施例において同じ符号で指示している部材と同様の構成のものである。   In the figure, 1 is an upright cylindrical tube, 2 is a spray nozzle that sprays a liquid material that freezes on the inner wall surface of the tube 1, and R is a film-like material that is continuously sprayed from the spray nozzle 2 by the inner wall surface. A flow-down chamber that is converted into a mode and flows down toward the inner wall surface of the tube 1, and 7 is a duct that leads to a vacuum exhaust system in which the base end side is connected to the upper end side of the tube 1. In FIG. 2, the same structure as the member indicated by the same reference numeral is used.

aは、チューブ1、ダクト7の外面側に配置するマグネトロン10で発生させたマイクロ波を、チューブ1内壁面に付着している被乾燥材料に照射させるために、ダクト7の周壁に開設した開口、bはその開口aに嵌装したガラス板、10は、この開口aの外面側に配置して、ダクト7に組み付け装架したマグネトロンを示す。   a is an opening formed in the peripheral wall of the duct 7 in order to irradiate the material to be dried attached to the inner wall surface of the tube 1 with the microwave generated by the magnetron 10 arranged on the outer surface side of the tube 1 and the duct 7. , B denotes a glass plate fitted in the opening a, and 10 denotes a magnetron which is arranged on the outer surface side of the opening a and is assembled and mounted on the duct 7.

マグネトロン10は、図8に示しているように、本体ケース11に組み付けた導波管12の先端の放射口13が、開口aを塞ぐガラス板bの外側に位置するように装架する場合と、導波管12を外して本体だけの形態とし、図9にあるように、マグネトロン10のマイクロ波の投射口10aが、開口aを塞ぐガラス板bの外側に位置するように装架する場合がある。   As shown in FIG. 8, the magnetron 10 is mounted so that the radiation port 13 at the tip of the waveguide 12 assembled to the main body case 11 is positioned outside the glass plate b that closes the opening a. When the waveguide 12 is removed and only the main body is formed, as shown in FIG. 9, the microwave projection port 10a of the magnetron 10 is mounted so as to be located outside the glass plate b that closes the opening a. There is.

この実施例は、ダクト7の周壁に開設する開口aを、ダクト7の周壁の上面側で、チューブ1の上方からダクト7の先端側に偏位させた部位に開設してある点が、前述の実施例2と異なるだけでその余の構成については前述実施例と変わりがない。   In this embodiment, the opening a to be opened in the peripheral wall of the duct 7 is opened at a position where the opening a is deviated from the upper side of the tube 1 to the front end side of the duct 7 on the upper surface side of the duct 7. Only the difference from the second embodiment is the same as in the previous embodiment.

この例においては、マグネトロン10の投射口10aから放射されるマイクロ波、またはマグネトロン10の導波管12の先端の放射口13から放射されるマイクロ波が、開口aに嵌装したガラス板bごしに、ダクト7内にそのダクト7の軸線方向を横切るよう投射されるが、図8・図9において破線の矢印で示しているように、金属材よりなるダクト7の内面の金属面に衝突して乱反射することで、チューブ1内に向かうよう誘導され、金属材よりなるチューブ1内面の金属面で乱反射を続けてチューブ1内に進入し、チューブ1内壁面に付着している被乾燥材料Mの全周面に照射されていくようになる。   In this example, the microwave radiated from the projection port 10a of the magnetron 10 or the microwave radiated from the radiation port 13 at the tip of the waveguide 12 of the magnetron 10 is a glass plate b fitted in the opening a. In addition, it is projected into the duct 7 so as to cross the axial direction of the duct 7, but as shown by the broken arrows in FIGS. 8 and 9, it collides with the metal surface of the inner surface of the duct 7 made of a metal material. Then, the material to be dried is guided toward the inside of the tube 1 by being diffusely reflected, continuously diffused by the metal surface on the inner surface of the tube 1 made of a metal material, and enters the tube 1 to adhere to the inner wall surface of the tube 1. The entire circumference of M is irradiated.

従って、チューブ1内の被乾燥材料Mを凍結乾燥する乾燥工程が進んで終期に達したときにマグネトロン10に接続している制御装置の制御作動で、マグネトロン10を作動させれば、それにより発生したマイクロ波が、チューブ1内に誘導されてチューブ1内の被乾燥材料に照射され、被乾燥材料中に生成している未昇華部分Zに昇華熱を与え、昇華させて消失させるようになる。   Therefore, if the magnetron 10 is operated by the control operation of the controller connected to the magnetron 10 when the drying process for freeze-drying the material M to be dried in the tube 1 proceeds and reaches the final stage, it is generated by that. The microwaves are guided into the tube 1 and irradiated onto the material to be dried in the tube 1, and the sublimation part Z generated in the material to be dried is sublimated and sublimated to disappear. .

図10・図11は、さらに異なる実施例を示す。図は、前述の実施例2、実施例3と同様に、乾燥庫を直立円筒形のチューブに構成した凍結乾燥機の要部と、その要部に組み付けたマグネトロン10とを示している。   10 and 11 show still another embodiment. The figure shows the main part of the freeze dryer in which the drying chamber is configured as an upright cylindrical tube, and the magnetron 10 assembled to the main part, as in the second and third embodiments.

凍結乾燥機は、図10・図11では全体構成についての記載を省略しているが、図3に示している実施例1の凍結乾燥機Wの構成と変わらないものである。   Although description about the whole structure is abbreviate | omitted in FIG. 10, FIG. 11, the freeze dryer is the same as the structure of the freeze dryer W of Example 1 shown in FIG.

この凍結乾燥機Wの要部は、液材料を内壁面に凍結させる直立円筒形に構成したチューブ1と、そのチューブ1の内壁面に凍結させる液材料を噴射するスプレーノズル2と、チューブ1に接続せる真空排気系に通ずるダクト7の基端部とを含むこの形態の凍結乾燥機の主要部である。   The main parts of the freeze dryer W are an upright cylindrical tube 1 that freezes the liquid material on the inner wall surface, a spray nozzle 2 that sprays the liquid material to be frozen on the inner wall surface of the tube 1, and the tube 1. This is the main part of this type of lyophilizer including the base end of the duct 7 that communicates with the connected vacuum exhaust system.

図において、1は直立円筒形に構成したチューブ、2は液材料を噴射させるスプレーノズル、Rはスプレーノズル2から噴射された液材料を内壁面で受けとめて、チューブ1内壁面に流下させる流下室、7は、基端側がチューブ1の上端側に接続し、先端側が真空排気系に通ずるダクトであり、これらは前述の各実施例において同じ符号で指示している部材と同じ構成のものである。   In the figure, 1 is a tube configured in an upright cylindrical shape, 2 is a spray nozzle for ejecting liquid material, R is a falling chamber for receiving the liquid material ejected from the spray nozzle 2 on the inner wall surface and flowing down to the inner wall surface of the tube 1. , 7 are ducts whose proximal end side is connected to the upper end side of the tube 1 and whose distal end side is connected to the vacuum exhaust system, and these are of the same configuration as the members indicated by the same reference numerals in the respective embodiments described above. .

マグネトロン10は、通電により作動してマイクロ波を発生させるマイクロ波発生装置(図示省略)を、本体ケース11内に装備し、発生させたマイクロ波を、投射口10aから放射する通常のもので、図10にあるように、導波管12が一体的に組み付けてある形態のものを用いる場合と、図11にあるように、導波管12が接続されていない、マグネトロン本体だけの形態のものを用いる場合がある。   The magnetron 10 is equipped with a microwave generator (not shown) that is activated by energization to generate microwaves in the main body case 11, and emits the generated microwaves from the projection port 10a. As shown in FIG. 10, the case where the waveguide 12 is integrally assembled is used, and as shown in FIG. 11, the waveguide 12 is not connected and only the magnetron main body is used. May be used.

この実施例は、チューブ1・ダクト7の外面側に配設するマグネトロン10で発生させたマイクロ波を、チューブ1内にガラス板bごしに投射させるために開設する開口aを、チューブ1の筒壁の、流下室Rを構成する上端側に開設している例である。   In this embodiment, an opening a which is opened for projecting a microwave generated by a magnetron 10 disposed on the outer surface side of the tube 1 and the duct 7 into the tube 1 through the glass plate b is formed in the tube 1. This is an example of opening on the upper end side of the tubular wall constituting the flow-down chamber R.

開口aは、チューブ1の筒壁の上端側の部分に、短く突出するよう形設した筒状部1aの突出側の端部に開設し、ガラス板bを乾燥して塞ぐようにしている。そして、マグネトロン10は、導波管12が接続してある形態のものにあっては、図10に示しているように、開口aのガラス板bの外面側に、導波管12先端の放射口13が臨むように配位して、チューブ1の外面に組み付け支架せしめ、導波管12が接続していない形態のものにあっては、図11にあるように、投射口10aが、開口aのガラス板bの外面側に臨むように配位してチューブ1の外面に組み付けてある。   The opening a is opened at the projecting side end of the cylindrical part 1a formed so as to project briefly at the upper end side portion of the tube wall of the tube 1 so that the glass plate b is dried and closed. In the case where the magnetron 10 is connected to the waveguide 12, as shown in FIG. 10, the radiation at the tip of the waveguide 12 is formed on the outer surface side of the glass plate b of the opening a. In the configuration in which the port 13 faces and is assembled and supported on the outer surface of the tube 1 and the waveguide 12 is not connected, the projection port 10a has an opening as shown in FIG. Coordinated so as to face the outer surface side of the glass plate b of a and assembled to the outer surface of the tube 1.

この実施例では、マグネトロン10を作動させてマイクロ波を発生させると、そのマイクロ波は、開口aに嵌装してあるガラス板bを通して、チューブ1の上端側に形成してある流下室R内に投射され、図10・図11において、破線の矢印に示しているように、流下室Rの内壁面の金属面により乱反射して、チューブ1内壁面に付着している被乾燥材料Mの全周面に照射されていくようになるから、乾燥工程の終期にマグネトロン10を作動させることで、被乾燥材料中に未昇華部分として残存している氷晶部分Zに、マイクロ波による熱を供給し、昇華消失させるようになる。   In this embodiment, when the magnetron 10 is operated to generate microwaves, the microwaves pass through the glass plate b fitted in the opening a and pass through the falling chamber R formed on the upper end side of the tube 1. 10 and FIG. 11, all of the material to be dried M adhering to the inner wall surface of the tube 1 is diffusely reflected by the metal surface of the inner wall surface of the flow-down chamber R as indicated by the broken arrows. Since the peripheral surface is irradiated, by operating the magnetron 10 at the end of the drying process, heat is supplied by microwaves to the ice crystal portion Z remaining as an unsublimated portion in the material to be dried. And sublimation disappears.

A 乾燥庫
B 棚
M 被乾燥材料
P ポンプ
R 流下室
T タンク
T2 第2タンク
V 容器
W 凍結乾燥機
Z 未昇華部分
a 開口
b ガラス板
1 チューブ
1a 筒状部
2 スプレーノズル
3 回収室
4 ジェットノズル
5 粉砕機
6 サイクロン
7 ダクト
8 ジャケット
9 覗き窓
10 マグネトロン
10a 投射口
11 機器本体
12 導波管
13 放射口
A Drying cabinet B Shelf M Material to be dried P Pump R Flowing chamber T Tank T2 Second tank V Container W Freeze dryer Z Unsublimated part a Open b Glass plate 1 Tube 1a Cylindrical part 2 Spray nozzle 3 Collection chamber 4 Jet nozzle DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Crusher 6 Cyclone 7 Duct 8 Jacket 9 Peeping window 10 Magnetron 10a Projection port 11 Equipment body 12 Waveguide 13 Radiation port

Claims (4)

凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫を金属材で直立円筒形のチューブに構成し、その直立円筒形チューブの上端側に接続する金属材よりなる真空排気系のダクトの周壁の基端側に寄る部位に、窓穴を開設して、ガラス板により気密に閉塞し、その窓穴を閉塞する前記ガラス板の外側に、マグネトロンを、そのマグネトロンのマイクロ波の投射口、又はそのマグネトロンに接続した導波管のマイクロ波の投射口が、前記ガラス板を介して前記ダクトの周壁に設けた窓穴に対向するように配位して前記真空排気系のダクトに対して組み付け、マグネトロンで発生させたマイクロ波が前記直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に凍結した被乾燥材料に対して投射されるように構成したことを特徴とする凍結乾燥機における直立円筒形のチューブ内の被乾燥材料中の残存水分除去装置。 The dryer of the freeze dryer is made up of a metal material in an upright cylindrical tube, and the part close to the proximal end of the peripheral wall of the vacuum exhaust duct made of metal material connected to the upper end side of the upright cylindrical tube , by opening the window hole, and air-tightly closed by a glass plate, on the outside of the glass plate for closing the window hole, a magnetron, a microwave of projection opening of the magnetron, or waveguide connected to the magnetron Microwaves generated by a magnetron are arranged so that the microwave projection opening faces the window hole provided in the peripheral wall of the duct through the glass plate and is assembled to the duct of the vacuum exhaust system. remaining but of the dry material within the upright cylindrical in freeze dryer, characterized by being configured so as to be projected onto the dried material frozen on the inner wall surface of an upright cylindrical tube tube Minute removal device. 凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫を金属材で直立円筒形のチューブに構成し、その直立円筒形のチューブの筒壁の、被乾燥材料を円筒状に凍結させる部よりも上方に位置する部位に、窓穴を開設して、ガラス板により気密に閉塞し、その窓穴を閉塞するガラス板の外側には、マグネトロンを、そのマグネトロンのマイクロ波の投射口、又はそのマグネトロンに接続した導波管のマイクロ波の投射口が、前記ガラス板を介して前記窓穴に対向するよう配位して、前記直立円筒形のチューブに対し組み付け装架し、マグネトロンで発生させたマイクロ波が、前記直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に凍結した被乾燥材料に対し投射されるよう構成したことを特徴とする凍結乾燥機における直立円筒形のチューブ内の被乾燥材料中の残存水分除去装置。 The drying cabinet of the freeze drier constitutes the upright cylindrical tube with a metal material, the cylindrical wall of the upright cylindrical tube, at a site located above the part position to freeze the dried material into a cylindrical shape, It opened a window hole, and air-tightly closed by a glass plate, on the outside of the glass plate for closing the window hole, a magnetron, a microwave of projection opening of the magnetron, or of the waveguide connected to the magnetron A microwave projection port is arranged so as to face the window hole through the glass plate, and is assembled to the upright cylindrical tube , and the microwave generated by the magnetron is applied to the upright cylinder. An apparatus for removing residual water in a material to be dried in an upright cylindrical tube in a freeze dryer, wherein the material is projected onto a material to be dried on an inner wall surface of a shaped tube. 凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫を金属材で直立円筒形のチューブに構成し、その直立円筒形のチューブの筒壁の上端部か、又はチューブの上端側に接続する金属材よりなる真空排気系のダクトの周壁に形設されているガラス板で閉塞された覗き窓の外側に、マグネトロンを、そのマグネトロンのマイクロ波の投射口、又はマグネトロンに接続した導波管のマイクロ波の投射口が、前記ガラス板を介し前記覗き窓に対向するよう配位して、チューブまたはダクトに対し組み付け装架し、マグネトロンで発生させたマイクロ波が、前記直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に凍結した被乾燥材料に対し投射されるよう構成したことを特徴とする凍結乾燥機における直立円筒形のチューブ内の被乾燥材料中の残存水分除去装置。 The drying cabinet of the freeze dryer is composed of a metal material in an upright cylindrical tube, and a vacuum exhaust duct made of a metal material connected to the upper end of the cylindrical wall of the upright cylindrical tube or the upper end side of the tube outside the occluded viewing window with a glass plate that is Katachi設the peripheral wall of the magnetron, microwave projection opening of the magnetron, or microwave projection opening of the waveguide connected to the magnetron, the glass Coordinated to face the viewing window through a plate, assembled and mounted on a tube or duct , the microwave generated by the magnetron is applied to the material to be dried frozen on the inner wall surface of the upright cylindrical tube A device for removing residual moisture in a material to be dried in an upright cylindrical tube in a freeze dryer, wherein the device is configured to be projected on a freeze dryer. 凍結乾燥機の乾燥庫を金属材で直立円筒形のチューブに構成し、その乾燥庫を構成する直立円筒形のチューブの筒壁の上端側か、又はその直立円筒形のチューブの上端側に接続する真空排気系のダクトの周壁の基端側に寄る部位に形設せるガラス板で閉塞された窓穴の外側に、マグネトロンを、そのマグネトロンのマイクロ波の投射口、又はそのマグネトロンに接続した導波管のマイクロ波の投射口が、前記ガラス板を介し前記窓穴に対向するよう配位して、直立円筒形のチューブまたは真空排気系のダクトに対し組み付け装架し、マグネトロンで発生せしめたマイクロ波が、前記直立円筒形のチューブの内壁面に凍結した被乾燥材料に対し投射されるよう構成し、このマグネトロンを、直立円筒形のチューブ内の被乾燥材料を凍結乾燥する乾燥工程の終期に、被乾燥材料から昇華してくる水蒸気の温度が零度を超えない範囲にマイクロ波の投射をコントロールするよう断続的に作動せしめて、直立円筒形のチューブ内の、被乾燥材料中の氷晶よりなる残存水分を、その氷晶を融解させない状態で昇華除去させることを特徴とする凍結乾燥機の直立円筒内の被乾燥材料中の残存水分除去方法。 The freeze dryer's drying chamber is made of a metal material into an upright cylindrical tube, and connected to the upper end side of the cylindrical wall of the upright cylindrical tube that constitutes the drying chamber , or to the upper end side of the upright cylindrical tube The magnetron is connected to the magnetron 's microwave projection port or to the magnetron outside the window hole closed by a glass plate that is formed on the base wall of the evacuation system duct. The microwave projection port of the wave tube is positioned so as to face the window hole through the glass plate, and is mounted on an upright cylindrical tube or a vacuum exhaust system duct , and is generated by a magnetron. microwaves, said configured to be projected to the dried material frozen on the inner wall surface of an upright cylindrical tube, the magnetron, freeze drying the dried material in the upright cylindrical tube At the end of about燥工and allowed intermittently actuated so as to control the projection of the microwave range the temperature of the steam coming sublimated from the dried material does not exceed zero, in an upright cylindrical tube, the dried material ice residual moisture consisting of crystals, residual moisture removing method of the dried material in an upright in the cylinder of the freeze dryer, wherein the sublimating removed in a state which does not melt the ice crystals in the.
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