JP5180174B2 - Laminated heat exchanger and method for producing laminated heat exchanger - Google Patents

Laminated heat exchanger and method for producing laminated heat exchanger Download PDF

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JP5180174B2
JP5180174B2 JP2009226319A JP2009226319A JP5180174B2 JP 5180174 B2 JP5180174 B2 JP 5180174B2 JP 2009226319 A JP2009226319 A JP 2009226319A JP 2009226319 A JP2009226319 A JP 2009226319A JP 5180174 B2 JP5180174 B2 JP 5180174B2
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refrigerant
fluid
metal pipe
header
metal tube
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JP2011075186A (en
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智教 菊野
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0025Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0012Brazing heat exchangers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/06Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/04Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular polygonal, e.g. rectangular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates

Description

本発明は、積層型熱交換器、及び積層型熱交換器の製造方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a stacked heat exchanger and a method for manufacturing the stacked heat exchanger.

従来から、ヒートポンプ給湯機、空気調和機などにおいて水又は空気と冷媒との間で熱交換させるための熱交換器が知られている。この熱交換器においては、種々の金属部品がろう付けなどによって互いに接合されている。   Conventionally, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between water or air and a refrigerant in a heat pump water heater, an air conditioner, or the like is known. In this heat exchanger, various metal parts are joined together by brazing or the like.

しかし、ろう付けを用いた製造方法では、高温雰囲気に調整可能な大型の加熱炉内で金属部品同士を接合する必要があるので、製造設備にかかる費用、ランニングコストなどが増大するという問題がある。   However, in the manufacturing method using brazing, since it is necessary to join metal parts in a large heating furnace that can be adjusted to a high temperature atmosphere, there is a problem that costs for manufacturing equipment, running costs, and the like increase. .

特許文献1には、金属部品同士を熱硬化樹脂系接着剤を用いて接合する捩り管形熱交換器の製造方法が開示されている。この製造方法では、ろう付けのような製造設備が不要になるので、コストダウンが可能である。   Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing a twisted tube heat exchanger in which metal parts are joined together using a thermosetting resin adhesive. This manufacturing method eliminates the need for manufacturing equipment such as brazing, thereby reducing costs.

特開2006−284009号公報JP 2006-284209 A

しかしながら、樹脂製接着剤による接合は、剛性、接着強度などの点で必ずしも十分とは言えないので、例えば熱交換器において高い圧力がかかる部位を接合して液密な状態を維持する必要がある用途には必ずしも適していない。   However, since joining with a resin adhesive is not necessarily sufficient in terms of rigidity, adhesive strength, etc., for example, it is necessary to maintain a liquid-tight state by joining parts where high pressure is applied in a heat exchanger, for example. It is not necessarily suitable for the application.

そこで、本発明は、かかる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、製造時に高温雰囲気に調整可能な大型の加熱炉が不要で、しかも高い圧力がかかる部位を接合しても液密な状態を維持可能な積層型熱交換器、及び積層型熱交換器の製造方法を提供することにある。   Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the object of the present invention is that a large heating furnace that can be adjusted to a high temperature atmosphere at the time of manufacture is unnecessary, and a portion to which high pressure is applied is joined. Another object of the present invention is to provide a laminated heat exchanger capable of maintaining a liquid-tight state and a method for manufacturing the laminated heat exchanger.

本発明の積層型熱交換器は、長尺状の冷媒用金属管(13)と、長尺状の流体用金属管(11)と、冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)と、流体用ヘッダー部(33a)とを備えている。前記冷媒用金属管(13)は、その内部を冷媒回路を循環する冷媒が流通可能である。前記流体用金属管(11)は、前記冷媒との間で熱交換する流体が内部を流通可能であり、前記冷媒用金属管(13)に対して長手方向を同じ向きに揃えて積層配置され、前記冷媒用金属管(13)との間に介在する融点450℃未満のはんだからなるはんだ層(15)により前記冷媒用金属管(13)に接合されている。前記冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)は、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部が挿入された挿入口(41b)と、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の冷媒流路(13a)に連通する冷媒流路(41a)とを有している。前記冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)は、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部がろう付け又は融接により接合されている。前記流体用ヘッダー部(33a)は、前記流体用金属管(11)の端部が挿入された挿入口(45b)と、前記流体用金属管(11)の流体流路(11a)に連通する流体流路(45a)とを有している。前記流体用ヘッダー部(33a)は、前記流体用金属管(11)の端部が接合されている。 The laminated heat exchanger of the present invention includes an elongated refrigerant metal tube (13), an elongated fluid metal tube (11), a refrigerant header (33b), and a fluid header ( 33a). The refrigerant metal pipe (13) is capable of circulating a refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit . The fluid metal tube (11) allows fluid to exchange heat with the refrigerant to circulate therein, and is laminated and arranged with the longitudinal direction aligned in the same direction with respect to the refrigerant metal tube (13). is bonded to more the refrigerant metal tube in the solder layer made of solder less than the melting point 450 ° C. intervening (15) (13) between said refrigerant metal tube (13). The refrigerant header portion (33b) communicates with an insertion port (41b) into which an end of the refrigerant metal tube (13) is inserted and a refrigerant flow path (13a) of the refrigerant metal tube (13). And a refrigerant channel (41a). The refrigerant header (33b) is joined to the end of the refrigerant metal pipe (13) by brazing or fusion welding. The fluid header portion (33a) communicates with an insertion port (45b) into which an end of the fluid metal tube (11) is inserted and a fluid flow path (11a) of the fluid metal tube (11). And a fluid channel (45a). The fluid header (33a) is joined to the end of the fluid metal pipe (11).

この構成では、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部と前記冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)との接合部分(冷媒用ヘッダー接合部)をろう付け又は融接により接合する一方で、積層配置された前記冷媒用金属管(13)と前記流体用金属管(11)との接合部分、すなわち金属管の外表面同士の接合部分をはんだ材により接合している。 In this configuration, the joining portion (refrigerant header joining portion) between the end of the coolant metal pipe (13) and the coolant header portion (33b) is joined by brazing or fusion welding, and is laminated. junction between the refrigerant metal tube (13) and said fluid metal tube (11), i.e., the joint portion between the outer surface of the metal tube are more bonded to the solder material was.

ここで、ろう付けとは450℃以上の融点を持つろうを用いて行う接合方法をいい、はんだ付けとは450℃未満の低い融点を持つはんだを用いて行う接合方法をいう。また、融接には、ティグ溶接、ミグ溶接などのアーク溶接、スポット溶接、シーム溶接などの抵抗溶接などを含む。   Here, brazing refers to a joining method performed using a solder having a melting point of 450 ° C. or higher, and soldering refers to a joining method performed using solder having a low melting point of less than 450 ° C. The fusion welding includes arc welding such as TIG welding and MIG welding, resistance welding such as spot welding and seam welding, and the like.

前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合部は、高圧の冷媒が流通する冷媒用金属管(13)と高圧の冷媒が流通する冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)の冷媒流通経路同士を液密な状態(冷媒が外部に漏れない状態)で連通させる必要があるので、高い接合強度が要求される。そこで、本構成では、前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合部を接合強度に優れたろう付け又は融接により接合することにより前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合部の接合信頼性を確保することができる。これにより、前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合部が液密な状態に維持される。このように冷媒用ヘッダー接合部という比較的狭い範囲のろう付け(局所的なろう付け)においては、高温雰囲気に調整可能な加熱炉は不要であり、例えば後述するような高周波加熱装置、赤外線ヒータ、レーザ照射装置、エアヒータなどの小型の加熱装置を用いることができる。また、冷媒用ヘッダー接合部を融接により接合する場合にも加熱炉は不要である。   The refrigerant header joint portion is in a liquid-tight state (the refrigerant is exposed to the outside) between the refrigerant metal passage (13) through which the high-pressure refrigerant flows and the refrigerant header section (33b) through which the high-pressure refrigerant flows. It is necessary to communicate in a state that does not leak), so high bonding strength is required. Therefore, in this configuration, it is possible to ensure the joining reliability of the refrigerant header joint portion by joining the header joint portion for refrigerant by brazing or fusion welding having excellent joint strength. Thereby, the header joint part for refrigerant is maintained in a liquid-tight state. In this way, in a relatively narrow range brazing (local brazing) of the header joint portion for refrigerant, a heating furnace that can be adjusted to a high temperature atmosphere is not necessary. For example, a high-frequency heating device and an infrared heater as described later are used. A small heating device such as a laser irradiation device or an air heater can be used. Also, a heating furnace is not required when the header joint portion for refrigerant is joined by fusion welding.

一方で、前記冷媒用金属管(13)と前記流体用金属管(11)の外表面同士の接合部分には冷媒が流通しないので、これらの接合強度は、冷媒用ヘッダー接合部ほどの高いレベルを必要としない。そこで、本構成では、互いに面接触した状態で広い範囲にわたって接合される前記外表面同士の接合部分をはんだ材を用いて接合している。はんだ材を用いる場合、ろう材と比べて低温雰囲気下で接合が可能であるので、ろう付けで必要とされるような高温雰囲気に調整可能な加熱炉は不要である。 On the other hand, since the refrigerant does not flow through the joint portion between the outer surfaces of the metal pipe for refrigerant (13) and the metal pipe for fluid (11), their joint strength is as high as that of the header joint part for refrigerant. Do not need. Therefore, in this configuration, the joining portions of the outer surfaces that are joined over a wide range in a state of surface contact with each other are joined using a solder material . When using a solder material, so compared to the brazing material is capable of bonding at a low temperature atmosphere, adjustable heating furnace to a high temperature atmosphere such as is required by brazing is unnecessary.

よって、本構成によれば、製造時に高温雰囲気に調整可能な大型の加熱炉が不要で、しかも高い圧力がかかる部位を接合しても液密な状態を維持可能な積層型熱交換器(17)を提供することができる。   Therefore, according to this structure, the large-sized heating furnace which can be adjusted to a high temperature atmosphere at the time of manufacture is unnecessary, and also a laminated heat exchanger (17 which can maintain a liquid-tight state even if the parts where high pressure is applied are joined. ) Can be provided.

本発明の積層型熱交換器の製造方法は、冷媒回路を循環する冷媒が内部を流通可能な冷媒用金属管(13)と、前記冷媒用金属管(13)に対して長手方向を同じ向きに揃えて積層配置され、前記冷媒と熱交換する流体が内部を流通可能な流体用金属管(11)とを備えた積層型熱交換器を製造するためのものである。この製造方法は、冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程と、流体用ヘッダー接合工程と、成形工程と、金属管接合工程とを備えている。前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程は、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部に冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)をろう付け又は融接により接合する。前記流体用ヘッダー接合工程は、前記流体用金属管(11)の端部に流体用ヘッダー部(33a)を接合する。前記成形工程は、前記冷媒用金属管(13)と前記流体用金属管(11)とを、これらの間に融点450℃未満のはんだからなるはんだ層(15)を介在させた状態で積層して仮組体(23)を成形する。前記金属管接合工程は、少なくとも前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程の後に、前記仮組体(23)を加熱して前記冷媒用金属管(13)と前記流体用金属管(11)を前記はんだ層(15)により接合する。 The method for manufacturing a laminated heat exchanger according to the present invention includes a refrigerant metal pipe (13) through which a refrigerant circulating in a refrigerant circuit can flow and a longitudinal direction of the refrigerant pipe (13) in the same direction. And a laminated heat exchanger comprising a fluid metal pipe (11) through which a fluid that exchanges heat with the refrigerant can flow. This manufacturing method includes a header joining process for refrigerant, a header joining process for fluid, a forming process, and a metal pipe joining process. In the refrigerant header joining step, the refrigerant header part (33b) is joined to the end of the refrigerant metal pipe (13) by brazing or fusion welding. In the fluid header joining step, the fluid header portion (33a) is joined to the end portion of the fluid metal pipe (11). In the forming step, the refrigerant metal tube (13) and the fluid metal tube (11) are laminated with a solder layer (15 ) made of solder having a melting point of less than 450 ° C. interposed therebetween. The temporary assembly (23) is then molded. In the metal pipe joining step, at least after the refrigerant header joining step, the temporary assembly (23) is heated to connect the refrigerant metal pipe (13) and the fluid metal pipe (11) to the solder layer ( more joined to 15).

この方法では、冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程の後に前記金属管接合工程を行う。仮に、前記金属管接合工程の後に冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程を行うと、金属管接合工程において金属管同士を接合したはんだ層(15)が、冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程におけるろう付け時又は融接時の高温雰囲気にさらされて軟化、溶融、分解などの不具合が生じるおそれがあるが、本方法によればこのような不具合が生じるのを防止できる。また、前述したように、製造時に高温雰囲気に調整可能な大型の加熱炉が不要で、しかも高い圧力がかかる部位を接合しても液密な状態を維持可能な積層型熱交換器(17)を提供することができる。 In this method, the metal pipe joining step is performed after the refrigerant header joining step. If the refrigerant header joining process is performed after the metal pipe joining process, the solder layer (15 ) joining the metal pipes in the metal pipe joining process is not subjected to brazing or fusion welding in the refrigerant header joining process. Although exposure to a high-temperature atmosphere may cause problems such as softening, melting, and decomposition, the present method can prevent such problems from occurring. In addition, as described above, a stacked heat exchanger (17) that does not require a large heating furnace that can be adjusted to a high temperature atmosphere at the time of manufacture and that can maintain a liquid-tight state even when parts subjected to high pressure are joined. Can be provided.

また、前記金属管接合工程においては、前記仮組体(23)に対して超音波の振動を付与するのが好ましい。   In the metal pipe joining step, it is preferable to apply ultrasonic vibration to the temporary assembly (23).

この方法では、前記金属管接合工程において、前記仮組体(23)に対して超音波の振動を付与するので、金属管の外表面の酸化膜を効果的に除去することができる。これにより、金属管同士の接合信頼性がさらに向上する。   In this method, since the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the temporary assembly (23) in the metal tube joining step, the oxide film on the outer surface of the metal tube can be effectively removed. Thereby, the joining reliability of metal tubes is further improved.

また、前記金属管接合工程においては、前記はんだ層(15)を補助加熱し、前記はんだ層(15)が半溶融状態となったことを温度センサにより検知した後、前記仮組体(23)に対して前記超音波の振動を付与するのが好ましい。 Further, in the above metal tube joining step, the solder layer (15) and the auxiliary heating, after the solder layer (15) is detected by the temperature sensor that has Tsu Do a semi-molten state, the temporary assembly body (23 ) is preferable to impart a vibration of the previous Symbol ultrasound contrast.

この方法では、前記はんだ層(15)が半溶融状態となる温度(固相線温度と液相線温度との間の温度)になるように前記仮組体(23)が補助加熱され、この状態で仮組体(23)に超音波の振動が付与されるので、超音波振動による酸化物除去効果をより高めることができる。その理由は次の通りであると推測される。すなわち、はんだ層(15)が固相である場合(はんだ層(15)の温度が固相線温度以下である場合)には、金属管とはんだ層(15)との間には空気層が形成されやすい。このような空気層が存在すると、例えば流体用金属管(11)に付与された超音波の振動は、空気層において遮断され、又は減衰される場合があるので、冷媒用金属管(13)に伝わりにくくなる。一方で、はんだ層(15)が半溶融状態である場合には、前記空気層が減少するので、超音波の振動が流体用金属管(11)からはんだ層(15)を介して冷媒用金属管(13)に効率的に伝達される。しかも、はんだ層(15)が半溶融状態である場合には、溶融状態である場合と比べてはんだ層(15)自体の形状安定性も維持されるので、金属管とはんだ層(15)との相対的な位置関係にずれが生じにくくなる。   In this method, the temporary assembly (23) is auxiliary heated so that the temperature of the solder layer (15) becomes a semi-molten state (a temperature between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature). Since the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the temporary assembly (23) in the state, the oxide removal effect by the ultrasonic vibration can be further enhanced. The reason is estimated as follows. That is, when the solder layer (15) is in a solid phase (when the temperature of the solder layer (15) is equal to or lower than the solidus temperature), there is an air layer between the metal tube and the solder layer (15). Easy to form. When such an air layer exists, for example, the vibration of the ultrasonic wave applied to the fluid metal pipe (11) may be blocked or attenuated in the air layer, so that the refrigerant metal pipe (13) It becomes difficult to be transmitted. On the other hand, when the solder layer (15) is in a semi-molten state, the air layer is reduced, so that the ultrasonic vibration is generated from the fluid metal tube (11) through the solder layer (15). Efficiently transmitted to the tube (13). Moreover, when the solder layer (15) is in a semi-molten state, the shape stability of the solder layer (15) itself is maintained as compared with the case where it is in a molten state, so that the metal tube and the solder layer (15) It is difficult for the relative positional relationship to be shifted.

また、前記金属管接合工程においては、超音波はんだこてを用いて前記仮組体(23)に対して前記超音波の振動を付与するとともに前記はんだ層(15)の温度を融点以上にするのが好ましい。   Further, in the metal tube joining step, an ultrasonic vibration is applied to the temporary assembly (23) using an ultrasonic soldering iron, and the temperature of the solder layer (15) is set to a melting point or higher. Is preferred.

この方法では、前記金属管接合工程において、超音波はんだこて(21)を用いて前記仮組体(23)に対して前記超音波の振動を付与するとともに前記はんだ層(15)の温度を融点以上にする。これにより、超音波振動付与と金属管同士の加熱接合とを、一つの器具(超音波はんだこて(21))により行うことができる。これにより、装置の構造を簡略化することができる。   In this method, in the metal pipe joining step, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the temporary assembly (23) using an ultrasonic soldering iron (21) and the temperature of the solder layer (15) is set. Above melting point. Thereby, ultrasonic vibration provision and metal tube heating joining can be performed with one instrument (ultrasonic soldering iron (21)). Thereby, the structure of the apparatus can be simplified.

前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程における具体的なろう材の加熱方法としては、例えば高周波加熱を用いることができる。   As a specific method for heating the brazing filler metal in the refrigerant header joining step, for example, high-frequency heating can be used.

以上説明したように、本発明によれば、製造時に高温雰囲気に調整可能な大型の加熱炉が不要で、しかも高い圧力がかかる部位を接合しても液密な状態を維持可能な積層型熱交換器、及び積層型熱交換器の製造方法を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, there is no need for a large-sized heating furnace that can be adjusted to a high temperature atmosphere at the time of manufacturing, and it is possible to maintain a liquid-tight state even when joining high-pressure sites. An exchanger and a method for manufacturing a stacked heat exchanger can be provided.

(a)は、本発明の一実施形態にかかる積層型熱交換器を示す斜視図であり、(b)はその平面図である。(A) is a perspective view which shows the laminated heat exchanger concerning one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is the top view. 図1の積層型熱交換器の正面図である。It is a front view of the laminated heat exchanger of FIG. (a)は、図1の積層型熱交換器における冷媒用ヘッダー部を示す断面図であり、(b)は、流体用ヘッダー部を示す断面図である。(A) is sectional drawing which shows the header part for refrigerant | coolants in the laminated heat exchanger of FIG. 1, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the header part for fluids. 本発明の一実施形態にかかる積層型熱交換器の製造方法に用いるはんだ付け装置の構成を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the structure of the soldering apparatus used for the manufacturing method of the laminated heat exchanger concerning one Embodiment of this invention. (a)は、前記製造方法において、仮組体を成形する成形工程を示す断面図であり、(b)は、成形工程により得られる仮組体を示す断面図である。(A) is sectional drawing which shows the shaping | molding process which shape | molds a temporary assembly in the said manufacturing method, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the temporary assembly obtained by a formation process. 前記製造方法における補助加熱工程及び接合工程を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the auxiliary heating process and joining process in the said manufacturing method.

以下、本発明の一実施形態にかかる積層型熱交換器及びその製造方法ついて図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, a laminated heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention and a manufacturing method thereof will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<積層型熱交換器>
図1(a),(b)、図2及び図3に示すように、本実施形態の積層型熱交換器17は、水などの流体と冷媒との間で熱交換するための熱交換部31と、この熱交換部31の両端に設けられたヘッダー部33,33とを備えている。この積層型熱交換器17は、例えばヒートポンプ給湯機の熱交換器として使用できる。この場合、図略の給湯機における冷媒回路を循環する冷媒と水との間で熱交換されることにより水の温度が調節される。
<Laminated heat exchanger>
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a), 1 (b), 2 and 3, the stacked heat exchanger 17 of the present embodiment is a heat exchange section for exchanging heat between a fluid such as water and a refrigerant. 31 and header portions 33, 33 provided at both ends of the heat exchanging portion 31. This laminated heat exchanger 17 can be used as a heat exchanger of a heat pump water heater, for example. In this case, the temperature of water is adjusted by heat exchange between the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit in the hot water heater (not shown) and the water.

積層型熱交換器17は、流体用金属管11と、この流体用金属管11の厚み方向の一方側の位置に積層された冷媒用金属管13と、流体用金属管11の厚み方向の他方側の位置に積層された冷媒用金属管14とを含む。   The stacked heat exchanger 17 includes a fluid metal tube 11, a refrigerant metal tube 13 stacked at one position in the thickness direction of the fluid metal tube 11, and the other in the thickness direction of the fluid metal tube 11. And a refrigerant metal tube 14 laminated at a position on the side.

流体用金属管11は、図5(a)に示すように、厚みよりも幅の方が大きい扁平な形状を有している。この流体用金属管11の内部には、長手方向に延びる流体流路11aが形成されている。また、流体用金属管11は、図1(a),(b)、図2及び図3に示すように、長尺状の形状を有している。   As shown in FIG. 5A, the fluid metal pipe 11 has a flat shape having a width larger than the thickness. A fluid channel 11 a extending in the longitudinal direction is formed inside the metal pipe 11 for fluid. Further, the fluid metal tube 11 has a long shape as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2 and 3. FIG.

冷媒用金属管13,14は、厚みよりも幅の方が大きい扁平な形状をそれぞれ有している。また、冷媒用金属管13,14は、長尺状の形状をそれぞれ有している。冷媒用金属管13は、内部に長手方向に延びる冷媒流路13aが複数形成された多穴管である。複数の冷媒流路13aは互いに独立しており、幅方向に一列に並んで配列されている。同様に、冷媒用金属管14は、内部に長手方向に延びる冷媒流路14aが複数形成された多穴管である。複数の冷媒流路14aは互いに独立しており、幅方向に一列に並んで配列されている。   Refrigerant metal tubes 13 and 14 each have a flat shape having a width larger than a thickness. Moreover, the metal pipes 13 and 14 for refrigerant | coolants have an elongate shape, respectively. The refrigerant metal tube 13 is a multi-hole tube in which a plurality of refrigerant channels 13a extending in the longitudinal direction are formed. The plurality of refrigerant flow paths 13a are independent from each other and are arranged in a line in the width direction. Similarly, the refrigerant metal tube 14 is a multi-hole tube in which a plurality of refrigerant channels 14a extending in the longitudinal direction are formed. The plurality of refrigerant flow paths 14a are independent from each other and are arranged in a line in the width direction.

図5(a)に示すように、流体用金属管11は、厚み方向の一方側に外表面11bを有し、他方側に外表面11cを有している。冷媒用金属管13は、流体用金属管11の一方側の外表面11bに対向する外表面13bを有している。この外表面13bは、はんだ層15aにより流体用金属管11の外表面11bに接合されている。冷媒用金属管14は、流体用金属管11の他方側の外表面11cに対向する外表面14bを有している。この外表面14bは、はんだ層15bにより流体用金属管11の外表面11cに接合されている As shown in FIG. 5A, the fluid metal tube 11 has an outer surface 11b on one side in the thickness direction and an outer surface 11c on the other side. The refrigerant metal tube 13 has an outer surface 13 b that faces the outer surface 11 b on one side of the fluid metal tube 11. The outer surface 13b is joined to the outer surface 11b of the fluid metal tube 11 by a solder layer 15a. The refrigerant metal tube 14 has an outer surface 14 b that faces the outer surface 11 c on the other side of the fluid metal tube 11. The outer surface 14b is joined to the outer surface 11c of the fluid metal tube 11 by a solder layer 15b .

ッダー部33は、流体用金属管11の両端にそれぞれ接合された流体用ヘッダー部33aと、冷媒用金属管13の両端にそれぞれ接合された冷媒用ヘッダー部33bとを含む。 F Dda unit 33 includes a fluid header portion 33a joined to both ends of the fluid metal tube 11, and a refrigerant header portion 33b joined to both ends of the refrigerant metal tube 13.

図3(a)に示すように、冷媒用ヘッダー部33bは、ヘッダー本体41と、冷媒用金属管13の端部及び冷媒用金属管14の端部とが接合された構造を有している。ヘッダー本体41は、直方体状の外形を有し、内部に冷媒が流通可能な冷媒流路41aが形成されている。この冷媒流路41aは、円状の断面形状を有している。   As shown in FIG. 3A, the refrigerant header portion 33b has a structure in which the header body 41, the end portion of the refrigerant metal tube 13 and the end portion of the refrigerant metal tube 14 are joined. . The header main body 41 has a rectangular parallelepiped outer shape, and a refrigerant flow path 41a through which a refrigerant can flow is formed. The refrigerant flow path 41a has a circular cross-sectional shape.

ヘッダー本体41の側壁には、冷媒用金属管13の端部が挿入される挿入口41bと、冷媒用金属管14の端部が挿入される挿入口41cとが設けられている。冷媒用金属管13の端部は、挿入口41bの内面と冷媒用金属管13の外面との間に配置された適量のろう材43によりヘッダー本体41に接合されている。同様に、冷媒用金属管14の端部は、挿入口41cの内面と冷媒用金属管14の外面との間に配置された適量のろう材43によりヘッダー本体41に接合されている。冷媒用金属管13の冷媒流路13a及び冷媒用金属管14の冷媒流路14aは、ヘッダー本体41の冷媒流路41aとそれぞれ連通している。なお、冷媒用金属管13,14の端部は、ろう材43による接合に代えて、ヘッダー本体41に対して融接により接合されてもよい。   On the side wall of the header body 41, an insertion port 41b into which an end of the refrigerant metal tube 13 is inserted and an insertion port 41c into which the end of the refrigerant metal tube 14 is inserted are provided. The end of the refrigerant metal tube 13 is joined to the header body 41 by an appropriate amount of brazing material 43 disposed between the inner surface of the insertion port 41 b and the outer surface of the refrigerant metal tube 13. Similarly, the end portion of the refrigerant metal tube 14 is joined to the header body 41 by an appropriate amount of brazing material 43 disposed between the inner surface of the insertion port 41 c and the outer surface of the refrigerant metal tube 14. The refrigerant flow path 13a of the refrigerant metal tube 13 and the refrigerant flow path 14a of the refrigerant metal tube 14 communicate with the refrigerant flow path 41a of the header body 41, respectively. The end portions of the refrigerant metal tubes 13 and 14 may be joined to the header body 41 by fusion welding instead of joining by the brazing material 43.

流体用ヘッダー部33aは、ヘッダー本体45と流体用金属管11の端部とが接合された構造を有している。ヘッダー本体45は、内部に流体が流通可能な流体流路45aが形成された円筒形状を有している。ヘッダー本体45は、この上下に位置する冷媒用金属管13及び冷媒用金属管14の間に配置されている。   The fluid header 33a has a structure in which the header body 45 and the end of the fluid metal tube 11 are joined. The header body 45 has a cylindrical shape in which a fluid channel 45a through which a fluid can flow is formed. The header body 45 is disposed between the refrigerant metal tube 13 and the refrigerant metal tube 14 positioned above and below.

ヘッダー本体45の側壁には、流体用金属管11の端部が挿入される挿入口45bが設けられている。流体用金属管11の端部は、挿入口45bの内面と流体用金属管11の外面との間に配置された適量のろう材47によりヘッダー本体45に接合されている。流体用金属管11の流体流路11aは、ヘッダー本体45の流体流路45aと連通している。なお、流体用金属管11の端部と流体用ヘッダー部33aとの接合部分(流体用ヘッダー接合部)は、冷媒用金属管13及び冷媒用ヘッダー部33bのように高圧の冷媒が流通するのではなく、比較的低圧の水が流通するので、冷媒用ヘッダー接合部のように高い接合強度は要求されない。したがって、流体用金属管11の端部は、ろう材47による接合に代えて、ヘッダー本体45に対してはんだ付け、融接、樹脂製接着剤による接合などの他の接合方法により接合されてもよい。   An insertion port 45 b into which the end of the fluid metal tube 11 is inserted is provided on the side wall of the header body 45. The end portion of the fluid metal tube 11 is joined to the header body 45 by an appropriate amount of brazing material 47 disposed between the inner surface of the insertion port 45 b and the outer surface of the fluid metal tube 11. The fluid flow path 11 a of the fluid metal pipe 11 communicates with the fluid flow path 45 a of the header body 45. In addition, a high-pressure refrigerant flows through the joint portion (fluid header joint portion) between the end portion of the fluid metal tube 11 and the fluid header portion 33a like the coolant metal tube 13 and the coolant header portion 33b. However, since relatively low-pressure water flows, high bonding strength is not required unlike the header joint for refrigerant. Therefore, the end of the fluid metal tube 11 may be joined to the header main body 45 by other joining methods such as soldering, fusion welding, and joining with a resin adhesive instead of joining with the brazing material 47. Good.

図1(a),(b)に示すように、各冷媒用ヘッダー部33bは、冷媒流路41a内の冷媒が出入り可能な配管41dを有し、各流体用ヘッダー部33aは、流体流路45a内の流体が出入り可能な配管45cを有している。   As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, each refrigerant header portion 33b has a pipe 41d through which the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow passage 41a can enter and exit, and each fluid header portion 33a has a fluid flow passage. A pipe 45c through which the fluid in 45a can enter and exit is provided.

流体用金属管11の外表面11b,11cと冷媒用金属管13,14の外表面13b,14bとのはんだ付けには、例えば図4に示すはんだ付け装置35を用いることができる。このはんだ付け装置35は、本加熱手段21a及び振動手段21bとしての超音波はんだこて21と、補助加熱手段としてのヒーター19と、制御手段としての制御部25とを備えている。   For example, a soldering apparatus 35 shown in FIG. 4 can be used for soldering the outer surfaces 11b, 11c of the fluid metal tube 11 and the outer surfaces 13b, 14b of the refrigerant metal tubes 13, 14. The soldering device 35 includes an ultrasonic soldering iron 21 as the main heating unit 21a and the vibrating unit 21b, a heater 19 as an auxiliary heating unit, and a control unit 25 as a control unit.

はんだ付け装置35のヒーター19は、被加熱物(後述の仮組体23)が載置される載置面19aを有している。載置面19aは、仮組体23の下面のほぼ全体が面接触可能な大きさを有している。ヒーター19は、仮組体23を補助的に加熱する役割を担う。   The heater 19 of the soldering device 35 has a placement surface 19a on which an object to be heated (a temporary assembly 23 described later) is placed. The mounting surface 19a has a size that allows the entire lower surface of the temporary assembly 23 to be in surface contact. The heater 19 plays a role of heating the temporary assembly 23 in an auxiliary manner.

超音波はんだこて21は、仮組体23を加熱して後述するはんだ層15を融点以上に加熱する本加熱手段21aとしての機能と、仮組体23に付与する超音波(聴感覚を生じないほど周波数(振動数)が高い音波)の振動を発生させる振動手段21bとしての機能とを備えている。   The ultrasonic soldering iron 21 functions as a main heating means 21a that heats the temporary assembly 23 and heats a solder layer 15 described later to a melting point or higher, and an ultrasonic wave (audible sensation generated on the temporary assembly 23). And a function as a vibration means 21b for generating a vibration of a sound wave having a higher frequency (frequency).

この超音波はんだこて21は、超音波の振動を発生する図略の振動子と、仮組体23を加熱する図略のヒーターとを内蔵している。振動子により発生する超音波の振動、及びヒーターにより生じる熱は、超音波はんだこて21の先端部22にそれぞれ伝わる。本実施形態における超音波はんだこて21の先端部22は、仮組体23の表面に面接触する接触面を有し、厚みよりも幅の方が大きな扁平な形状(マイナスドライバーの先端のような形状)を有している。   The ultrasonic soldering iron 21 includes a vibrator (not shown) that generates ultrasonic vibrations and a heater (not shown) that heats the temporary assembly 23. The ultrasonic vibration generated by the vibrator and the heat generated by the heater are transmitted to the tip 22 of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21, respectively. The tip portion 22 of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21 in the present embodiment has a contact surface that comes into surface contact with the surface of the temporary assembly 23, and has a flat shape that is larger in width than the thickness (such as the tip of a minus driver). The shape).

制御部25は、ヒーター19及び超音波はんだこて21を制御する。この制御部25は、中央演算処理装置、種々のデータを記憶するメモリーなどを含む。具体的には、制御部25は、ヒーター19の載置面19aの温度、超音波はんだこて21の先端部22の温度、超音波の振動の周波数などを制御する。   The control unit 25 controls the heater 19 and the ultrasonic soldering iron 21. The control unit 25 includes a central processing unit and a memory for storing various data. Specifically, the control unit 25 controls the temperature of the mounting surface 19a of the heater 19, the temperature of the tip 22 of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21, the frequency of ultrasonic vibration, and the like.

また、制御部25は、超音波はんだこて21及び/又はヒーター19を上下方向に移動させる位置制御が可能である。制御部25は、仮組体23を加熱し仮組体23に超音波振動を付与する際には、超音波はんだこて21の先端部22が仮組体23の表面に接触した状態となるように制御する。一方、制御部25は、仮組体23のはんだ付け装置35への着脱時には、仮組体23を載置面19aと先端部22との間に挿入可能となるように、超音波はんだこて21の先端部22の位置を制御する。   The control unit 25 can perform position control for moving the ultrasonic soldering iron 21 and / or the heater 19 in the vertical direction. When the control unit 25 heats the temporary assembly 23 and applies ultrasonic vibration to the temporary assembly 23, the tip 22 of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21 is in contact with the surface of the temporary assembly 23. To control. On the other hand, the control unit 25 uses an ultrasonic soldering iron so that the temporary assembly 23 can be inserted between the mounting surface 19a and the tip 22 when the temporary assembly 23 is attached to or detached from the soldering device 35. The position of the tip portion 22 of 21 is controlled.

また、ヘッダー本体41と、冷媒用金属管13の端部及び冷媒用金属管14の端部とのろう付けには、例えば図3に示す小型の加熱装置81を用いることができる。この加熱装置81としては、例えば高周波加熱装置、赤外線ヒータ、レーザ照射装置、エアヒータなどの加熱手段が挙げられる。   Further, for example, a small heating device 81 shown in FIG. 3 can be used for brazing the header body 41 to the end of the refrigerant metal tube 13 and the end of the refrigerant metal tube 14. Examples of the heating device 81 include heating means such as a high-frequency heating device, an infrared heater, a laser irradiation device, and an air heater.

また、ヘッダー本体45と流体用金属管11の端部の接合には、例えば図3に示す小型の加熱装置83を用いることができる。この加熱装置83としては、上記と同様に、例えば高周波加熱装置、赤外線ヒータ、レーザ照射、エアヒータなどの加熱手段が挙げられる。   In addition, for example, a small heating device 83 shown in FIG. 3 can be used for joining the header body 45 and the end of the fluid metal pipe 11. Examples of the heating device 83 include heating means such as a high-frequency heating device, an infrared heater, laser irradiation, and an air heater, as described above.

流体用金属管11、及び冷媒用金属管13,14の材料としては、熱伝導性、耐食性、剛性、加工性などを備えた金属などが用いられ、具体的にはアルミニウム、銅、ステンレス鋼などが例示できる。はんだ層15の材料としては、金属管の材料に適したものを適宜選択すればよい。   As the material for the fluid metal pipe 11 and the refrigerant metal pipes 13 and 14, a metal having thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, rigidity, workability, and the like is used. Specifically, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, and the like are used. Can be illustrated. As a material for the solder layer 15, a material suitable for the material of the metal tube may be appropriately selected.

積層型熱交換器17は、図1に示すような直線状の形態のままでも使用できるが、例えば図略の渦巻き状などに曲げ加工して用いてもよい。   The laminated heat exchanger 17 can be used in the form of a straight line as shown in FIG. 1, but may be used after being bent into a spiral shape (not shown), for example.

<製造方法>
次に、積層型熱交換器17の製造方法について説明する。
<Manufacturing method>
Next, a method for manufacturing the laminated heat exchanger 17 will be described.

まず、流体用金属管11、及び冷媒用金属管13,14を作製する。これらの金属管11,13,14は、例えば図5(a)に示すような各金属管の断面形状を有する押出出口を備えた金型をそれぞれ用いて、金属材料を押し出し成形することにより得られる。また、流体用ヘッダー部33a、及び冷媒用ヘッダー部33bを公知の成形方法を用いて作製する。   First, the metal pipe 11 for fluid and the metal pipes 13 and 14 for refrigerant | coolants are produced. These metal tubes 11, 13, and 14 are obtained by extruding a metal material using, for example, dies each having an extrusion outlet having a cross-sectional shape of each metal tube as shown in FIG. It is done. Moreover, the header part 33a for fluids and the header part 33b for refrigerant | coolants are produced using a well-known shaping | molding method.

次に、冷媒用金属管13の端部及び冷媒用金属管14の端部に冷媒用ヘッダー部33bをろう付けにより接合する(冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程)。   Next, the refrigerant header 33b is joined to the end of the refrigerant metal pipe 13 and the end of the refrigerant metal pipe 14 by brazing (refrigerant header joining step).

具体的には、冷媒用金属管13,14の各端部の外周面に帯状のろう材43を巻き付けた状態で、冷媒用金属管13,14の各端部をヘッダー本体41の挿入口41b,41cにそれぞれ挿入して図3(a)のように配置する。ついで、加熱装置81を用いてろう材43及びその周辺を加熱してろう材43の温度をその融点以上に上昇させることにより冷媒用金属管13,14の各端部を冷媒用ヘッダー部33bにろう付けする。   Specifically, in the state where the belt-shaped brazing material 43 is wound around the outer peripheral surface of each end of the refrigerant metal tubes 13, 14, each end of the refrigerant metal tubes 13, 14 is inserted into the insertion port 41 b of the header body 41. , 41c, and arranged as shown in FIG. Next, the brazing filler metal 43 and its surroundings are heated using the heating device 81 to raise the temperature of the brazing filler metal 43 to the melting point or higher, so that the end portions of the refrigerant metal tubes 13 and 14 become the refrigerant header portion 33b. Braze.

加熱装置81として例えば高周波加熱装置を用いる場合には、冷媒用金属管13,14の端部及び/又はヘッダー本体41の周囲に誘導コイルを巻いて高周波電流を流すことによりろう材43及びその周辺を加熱することができる。   When a high-frequency heating device is used as the heating device 81, for example, the brazing material 43 and its surroundings are formed by winding an induction coil around the ends of the refrigerant metal tubes 13 and 14 and / or the header body 41 to flow a high-frequency current. Can be heated.

加熱装置81として例えばレーザ照射装置を用いることもできる。レーザ照射装置のレーザとしては、例えばランプ励起YAGレーザ、ダイオード励起YAGレーザ、COレーザなどを用いることができる。YAGレーザの出力は、例えば20W〜1.5kW程度の範囲に調節可能であり、COレーザの出力は、例えば250W程度に調節可能であり、これらは、金属管及びはんだ材の材質、厚みなどに応じて適宜設定すればよい。 For example, a laser irradiation device can be used as the heating device 81. As the laser of the laser irradiation apparatus, for example, a lamp excitation YAG laser, a diode excitation YAG laser, a CO 2 laser, or the like can be used. The output of the YAG laser can be adjusted, for example, in the range of about 20 W to 1.5 kW, and the output of the CO 2 laser can be adjusted, for example, to about 250 W. These include the material and thickness of the metal tube and solder material, etc. What is necessary is just to set suitably according to.

また、ろう付けに代えて、融接により接合する場合には、ティグ溶接、ミグ溶接などのアーク溶接、スポット溶接、シーム溶接などの抵抗溶接などを用いることができる。   Moreover, instead of brazing, when joining by fusion welding, arc welding such as TIG welding and MIG welding, resistance welding such as spot welding, and seam welding can be used.

次に、流体用金属管11の端部に流体用ヘッダー部33aをろう付けなどにより接合する(流体用ヘッダー接合工程)。ろう付けにより接合する場合には、冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程の場合と同様にすればよい。また、はんだ材、樹脂製接着剤などを用いて接合する場合にも上記と同様にしてはんだ材又は樹脂製接着剤を配置し加熱装置81により加熱して接合する。   Next, the fluid header portion 33a is joined to the end of the fluid metal tube 11 by brazing or the like (fluid header joining step). When joining by brazing, it may be the same as in the case of the header joining process for the refrigerant. Also, in the case of bonding using a solder material, a resin adhesive, or the like, the solder material or the resin adhesive is disposed in the same manner as described above, and is heated and bonded by the heating device 81.

次に、図5(a)に示すように冷媒用金属管13、はんだ層15a、流体用金属管11、はんだ層15b、及び冷媒用金属管14を、この順に厚み方向に積層して仮組体23を成形する(成形工程:図5(b))。流体用金属管11及び冷媒用金属管13,14は、それぞれの長手方向を同じ向きに揃えて積層配置される。   Next, as shown in FIG. 5A, the refrigerant metal tube 13, the solder layer 15a, the fluid metal tube 11, the solder layer 15b, and the refrigerant metal tube 14 are laminated in this order in the thickness direction and temporarily assembled. The body 23 is molded (molding process: FIG. 5B). The fluid metal pipe 11 and the refrigerant metal pipes 13 and 14 are stacked and arranged with their longitudinal directions aligned in the same direction.

はんだ層15a,15bとしては、例えば、予めシート状(箔状)に成形されたものを用いることができる。また、例えばクリーム状のはんだ材を用いて、これを流体用金属管11の外表面11b,11c及び/又は冷媒用金属管13,14の外表面13b,14bに塗布してはんだ層15a,15bを形成してもよい。また、流体用金属管11の外表面11b,11cに溶射によってはんだ材を吹き付けて、外表面11b,11cにはんだ層15a,15bを形成してもよい。   As the solder layers 15a and 15b, for example, those previously formed into a sheet shape (foil shape) can be used. Further, for example, a cream-like solder material is used and applied to the outer surfaces 11b and 11c of the fluid metal tube 11 and / or the outer surfaces 13b and 14b of the refrigerant metal tubes 13 and 14, and the solder layers 15a and 15b. May be formed. Alternatively, solder layers 15a and 15b may be formed on the outer surfaces 11b and 11c by spraying a solder material onto the outer surfaces 11b and 11c of the metal pipe 11 for fluid.

次に、仮組体23を加熱して冷媒用金属管13と流体用金属管11をはんだ層15により接合する(金属管接合工程)。具体的には、まず、図6に示すように、はんだ付け装置35のヒーター19の載置面19aに仮組体23を載置する。このとき、仮組体23における冷媒用金属管14の下面のほぼ全体が載置面19aと面接触している。   Next, the temporary assembly 23 is heated to join the refrigerant metal tube 13 and the fluid metal tube 11 with the solder layer 15 (metal tube joining step). Specifically, first, as shown in FIG. 6, the temporary assembly 23 is placed on the placement surface 19 a of the heater 19 of the soldering device 35. At this time, almost the entire lower surface of the refrigerant metal tube 14 in the temporary assembly 23 is in surface contact with the mounting surface 19a.

ついで、制御部25は、ヒーター19により仮組体23を補助加熱するように制御する。制御部25は、図略の温度センサにより計測される仮組体23の温度に基づいてヒーター19を制御する。この工程では、はんだ層15(15a,15b)が半溶融状態となるように仮組体23が加熱される。はんだ層15が半溶融状態となる温度とは、はんだ層15を構成するはんだ材の固相線温度と液相線温度との間の温度のことをいう。具体例を挙げると、例えば、はんだ材の融点が245℃であり、はんだ材の固相線温度と液相線温度との間に200℃が含まれる場合に、ヒーター19を例えば200℃程度に温度調節して仮組体23を補助加熱してはんだ層15を半溶融状態とすることができる。   Next, the control unit 25 performs control so that the temporary assembly 23 is auxiliary heated by the heater 19. The control unit 25 controls the heater 19 based on the temperature of the temporary assembly 23 measured by a temperature sensor (not shown). In this step, the temporary assembly 23 is heated so that the solder layer 15 (15a, 15b) is in a semi-molten state. The temperature at which the solder layer 15 becomes a semi-molten state refers to a temperature between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of the solder material constituting the solder layer 15. For example, when the melting point of the solder material is 245 ° C. and 200 ° C. is included between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of the solder material, the heater 19 is set to about 200 ° C., for example. The solder layer 15 can be brought into a semi-molten state by auxiliary heating of the temporary assembly 23 by adjusting the temperature.

ついで、制御部25は、はんだ層15が半溶融状態になったことを温度センサにより検知した後、超音波はんだこて21により仮組体23に超音波の振動を付与するとともに、はんだ層15の温度が融点以上になるように仮組体23を本加熱する。この本加熱によりはんだ層15が溶融して流体用金属管11及び冷媒用金属管13,14が接合される。具体例を挙げると、はんだ材の融点が例えば245℃である場合には、超音波はんだこて21の先端部22は、例えば350℃〜400℃程度の温度に調節される。これにより、仮組体23のほぼ全体が約260℃程度に加熱される。なお、この加熱手段としては、超音波はんだこて21とともに、又は超音波はんだこて21に代えて、例えば高周波加熱装置、レーザ照射装置、赤外線ヒータ、エアヒータ、トーチなどを用いてもよい。   Next, after detecting that the solder layer 15 is in a semi-molten state by the temperature sensor, the control unit 25 applies ultrasonic vibrations to the temporary assembly 23 by the ultrasonic soldering iron 21 and also solder layer 15. The temporary assembly 23 is subjected to main heating so that the temperature of is higher than the melting point. By this main heating, the solder layer 15 is melted and the metal pipe for fluid 11 and the metal pipes for refrigerant 13 and 14 are joined. As a specific example, when the melting point of the solder material is 245 ° C., for example, the tip 22 of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21 is adjusted to a temperature of about 350 ° C. to 400 ° C., for example. Thereby, almost the entire temporary assembly 23 is heated to about 260 ° C. As the heating means, for example, a high-frequency heating device, a laser irradiation device, an infrared heater, an air heater, a torch or the like may be used together with or instead of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21.

この金属管接合工程において、制御部25は、超音波はんだこて21の先端部22が仮組体23の上面(冷媒用金属管13の上面)に接触しながら、仮組体23の幅方向及び長手方向に移動して仮組体23のほぼ全体に満遍なく超音波振動が付与され、かつ、加熱されるように、超音波はんだこて21を制御する。なお、仮組体23の本加熱は、振動付与と同時ではなく、仮組体23への振動付与が終了した後に行ってもよい。また、超音波はんだこて21の先端部22は、扁平形状に限定されず、例えば円柱状、角柱状などの他の形状であってもよい。   In this metal tube joining step, the control unit 25 determines the width direction of the temporary assembly 23 while the tip 22 of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21 is in contact with the upper surface of the temporary assembly 23 (the upper surface of the refrigerant metal tube 13). The ultrasonic soldering iron 21 is controlled so that the ultrasonic vibration is uniformly applied to almost the entire temporary assembly 23 by being moved in the longitudinal direction and heated. The main heating of the temporary assembly 23 may be performed not after the application of vibration but after the application of vibration to the temporary assembly 23 is completed. Moreover, the front-end | tip part 22 of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21 is not limited to flat shape, For example, other shapes, such as column shape and prismatic shape, may be sufficient.

ヒーター19の載置面19aの温度、超音波はんだこて21の先端部22の温度、超音波の振動の周波数、振幅、振動付与時間、加熱時間などの接合時の条件は、制御部25により制御される。これらの条件は、各金属管の材質や厚み、はんだ層15の材質などに応じて適宜設定される。   The control unit 25 determines the conditions at the time of joining, such as the temperature of the mounting surface 19a of the heater 19, the temperature of the tip 22 of the ultrasonic soldering iron 21, the frequency, amplitude, vibration application time, and heating time of the ultrasonic vibration. Be controlled. These conditions are appropriately set according to the material and thickness of each metal tube and the material of the solder layer 15.

以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、冷媒用金属管13の端部と冷媒用ヘッダー部33bとの接合部分(冷媒用ヘッダー接合部)をろう付け又は融接により接合する一方で、積層配置された冷媒用金属管13と流体用金属管11との接合部分、すなわち金属管の外表面同士の接合部分をはんだ材により接合している。これにより、製造時に高温雰囲気に調整可能な大型の加熱炉が不要で、しかも高い圧力がかかる部位を接合しても液密な状態を維持可能な積層型熱交換器17を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, the joining portion (refrigerant header joining portion) between the end of the refrigerant metal tube 13 and the refrigerant header portion 33b is joined by brazing or fusion welding, junction between the refrigerant metal tube 13 are stacked fluid metal tube 11, i.e., the joint portion between the outer surface of the metal tube are more bonded to the solder material. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a stacked heat exchanger 17 that does not require a large heating furnace that can be adjusted to a high temperature atmosphere during manufacturing and that can maintain a liquid-tight state even when parts subjected to high pressure are joined. .

また、本実施形態の製造方法では、冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程の後に前記金属管接合工程を行う。仮に、前記金属管接合工程の後に冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程を行うと、金属管接合工程において金属管同士を接合したはんだ層15が、冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程におけるろう付け時又は融接時の高温雰囲気にさらされて軟化、溶融、分解などの不具合が生じるおそれがあるが、本方法によればこのような不具合が生じるのを防止できる。また、前述したように、製造時に高温雰囲気に調整可能な大型の加熱炉が不要で、しかも高い圧力がかかる部位を接合しても液密な状態を維持可能な積層型熱交換器17を提供することができる。 Moreover, in the manufacturing method of this embodiment, the said metal pipe joining process is performed after the header joining process for refrigerant | coolants. If the refrigerant header joining step is performed after the metal tube joining step, the solder layer 15 joining the metal tubes in the metal tube joining step becomes a high temperature during brazing or fusion welding in the refrigerant header joining step. Although exposure to the atmosphere may cause problems such as softening, melting, and decomposition, this method can prevent such problems from occurring. In addition, as described above, there is provided a laminated heat exchanger 17 that does not require a large heating furnace that can be adjusted to a high temperature atmosphere at the time of manufacture and that can maintain a liquid-tight state even when parts subjected to high pressure are joined. can do.

また、本実施形態では、前記金属管接合工程において、仮組体23に対して超音波の振動を付与するので、金属管の外表面の酸化膜を効果的に除去することができる。これにより、金属管同士の接合信頼性がさらに向上する。   In the present embodiment, since the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the temporary assembly 23 in the metal tube joining step, the oxide film on the outer surface of the metal tube can be effectively removed. Thereby, the joining reliability of metal tubes is further improved.

また、本実施形態では、前記金属管接合工程において、はんだ層15が半溶融状態となるように補助加熱された仮組体23に対して、前記超音波の振動を付与するので、超音波振動による酸化物除去効果をより高めることができる。   In the present embodiment, since the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the temporary assembly 23 that is auxiliary heated so that the solder layer 15 is in a semi-molten state in the metal tube joining step, the ultrasonic vibration is applied. The oxide removal effect by can be further enhanced.

また、本実施形態では、前記金属管接合工程において、超音波はんだこてを用いて仮組体23に対して前記超音波の振動を付与するとともにはんだ層15の温度を融点以上にする。これにより、超音波振動付与と金属管同士の加熱接合とを、一つの器具(超音波はんだこて21)により行うことができる。これにより、装置の構造を簡略化することができる。   In the present embodiment, in the metal tube joining step, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the temporary assembly 23 using an ultrasonic soldering iron, and the temperature of the solder layer 15 is set to the melting point or higher. Thereby, an ultrasonic vibration provision and the heat joining of metal tubes can be performed with one instrument (ultrasonic soldering iron 21). Thereby, the structure of the apparatus can be simplified.

<他の実施形態>
なお、本発明は、前記実施形態に限られるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更、改良等が可能である。例えば、前記実施形態では、超音波はんだこてにより振動処理及び加熱処理を施す場合を例に挙げて説明したが、これに限定されない。例えば、はんだ付け装置35は、互いに別体で設けられた振動手段と加熱手段とを備えていてもよい。
<Other embodiments>
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the vibration treatment and the heat treatment are performed using an ultrasonic soldering iron has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the soldering device 35 may include vibration means and heating means provided separately from each other.

また、前記実施形態では、はんだ付け装置35が補助加熱手段19、本加熱手段21a、及び振動手段21bを制御する制御部25を備えている場合を例に挙げて説明したが、これに限定されない。例えば、はんだ付け装置35において、補助加熱手段19、本加熱手段21a、及び振動手段21bを作業者が手動で制御(操作)してもよい。   In the above embodiment, the case where the soldering device 35 includes the control unit 25 that controls the auxiliary heating unit 19, the main heating unit 21a, and the vibration unit 21b has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. . For example, in the soldering device 35, the auxiliary heating means 19, the main heating means 21a, and the vibration means 21b may be manually controlled (operated) by an operator.

また、前記実施形態では、水と冷媒との間で熱交換する場合を例に挙げて説明したが、本発明の積層型熱交換器は冷媒と他の流体(例えば空気などの気体)との熱交換に用いてもよく、冷媒同士の熱交換に用いてもよい。   In the above embodiment, the case where heat is exchanged between water and the refrigerant has been described as an example. However, the stacked heat exchanger according to the present invention is configured such that the refrigerant and another fluid (for example, a gas such as air) are exchanged. It may be used for heat exchange or for heat exchange between refrigerants.

また、前記実施形態では、冷媒用金属管13、流体用金属管11、及び冷媒用金属管14がこの順に積層された3つの金属管を有する形態、並びに冷媒用金属管13及び流体用金属管11がこの順に積層された2つの金属管を有する形態を例に挙げて説明したが、4つ以上の金属管が積層された形態であってもよい。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, the metal pipe 13 for refrigerant | coolants, the metal pipe 11 for fluid, and the metal pipe 14 for refrigerant | coolants have the three metal pipes laminated | stacked in this order, the metal pipe 13 for refrigerant | coolants, and the metal pipe for fluids The embodiment has been described by taking as an example a form having two metal tubes 11 laminated in this order, but may be a form in which four or more metal tubes are laminated.

また、前記実施形態では、各金属管が厚みよりも幅の方が大きい扁平形状である場合を例に挙げて説明したが、これに限定されない。各金属管は、例えば厚みと幅が同程度の大きさであってもよく、幅よりも厚みの方が大きい形状であってもよい。   Moreover, although the said embodiment gave and demonstrated as an example the case where each metal tube is a flat shape whose width is larger than thickness, it is not limited to this. Each metal tube may have, for example, the same size as the thickness and the width, or may have a shape in which the thickness is larger than the width.

また、仮組体23の補助加熱手段としては、前記したヒーター19の他、例えばレーザ、高周波加熱などの他の加熱手段を用いることもできる。   Further, as the auxiliary heating means of the temporary assembly 23, other heating means such as laser and high frequency heating can be used in addition to the heater 19 described above.

11 流体用金属管
13 冷媒用金属管
14 冷媒用金属管
15 はんだ層
17 積層型熱交換器
19 ヒーター
21 超音波はんだこて
21a 本加熱手段
21b 振動手段
23 仮組体
25 制御部
29 ローラー
31 熱交換部
33 ヘッダー部
33a 流体用ヘッダー部
33b 冷媒用ヘッダー部
35 はんだ付け装置
11 Metal Pipe for Fluid 13 Metal Pipe for Refrigerant 14 Metal Pipe for Refrigerant 15 Solder Layer 17 Laminated Heat Exchanger 19 Heater 21 Ultrasonic Soldering Iron 21a Main Heating Means 21b Vibrating Means 23 Temporary Assembly 25 Control Unit 29 Roller 31 Heat Exchanger 33 Header 33a Fluid Header 33b Refrigerant Header 35 Soldering Device

Claims (6)

冷媒回路を循環する冷媒が内部を流通可能な長尺状の冷媒用金属管(13)と、
前記冷媒との間で熱交換する流体が内部を流通可能であり、前記冷媒用金属管(13)に対して長手方向を同じ向きに揃えて積層配置され、前記冷媒用金属管(13)との間に介在する融点450℃未満のはんだからなるはんだ層(15)により前記冷媒用金属管(13)に接合された長尺状の流体用金属管(11)と、
前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部が挿入された挿入口(41b)と、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の冷媒流路(13a)に連通する冷媒流路(41a)とを有し、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部がろう付け又は融接により接合された冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)と、
前記流体用金属管(11)の端部が挿入された挿入口(45b)と、前記流体用金属管(11)の流体流路(11a)に連通する流体流路(45a)とを有し、前記流体用金属管(11)の端部が接合された流体用ヘッダー部(33a)と、を備えている積層型熱交換器。
An elongated metal pipe for refrigerant (13) through which the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit can circulate, and
The fluid that exchanges heat with the refrigerant can circulate through the inside, and is arranged in a stacked manner with the longitudinal direction aligned in the same direction with respect to the metal pipe for refrigerant (13), and the metal pipe for refrigerant (13) An elongated fluid metal pipe (11) joined to the refrigerant metal pipe (13) by a solder layer (15) made of solder having a melting point of less than 450 ° C.
It has an insertion port (41b) into which an end of the refrigerant metal tube (13) is inserted, and a refrigerant channel (41a) communicating with the refrigerant channel (13a) of the refrigerant metal tube (13). A refrigerant header (33b) in which the end of the refrigerant metal pipe (13) is joined by brazing or fusion welding;
An insertion port (45b) into which an end of the metal pipe for fluid (11) is inserted; and a fluid channel (45a) communicating with the fluid channel (11a) of the metal tube for fluid (11). And a fluid header portion (33a) to which an end portion of the fluid metal tube (11) is joined.
冷媒回路を循環する冷媒が内部を流通可能な長尺状の冷媒用金属管(13)と、前記冷媒用金属管(13)に対して長手方向を同じ向きに揃えて積層配置され、前記冷媒と熱交換する流体が内部を流通可能な長尺状の流体用金属管(11)とを備えた請求項1に記載の積層型熱交換器を製造するための方法であって、
前記冷媒用金属管(13)と前記流体用金属管(11)とを積層する前に、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部に冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)をろう付け又は融接により接合する冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程と、
前記流体用金属管(11)の端部に流体用ヘッダー部(33a)を接合する流体用ヘッダー接合工程と、
前記冷媒用金属管(13)と前記流体用金属管(11)とを、これらの間に融点450℃未満のはんだからなるはんだ層(15)を介在させた状態で積層して仮組体(23)を成形する成形工程と、
少なくとも前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程の後に、前記仮組体(23)を加熱して前記冷媒用金属管(13)と前記流体用金属管(11)を前記はんだ層(15)により接合する金属管接合工程と、を備えている積層型熱交換器の製造方法。
A long-sized refrigerant metal pipe (13) through which the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit can circulate, and the refrigerant metal pipe (13) are stacked and arranged with the longitudinal direction aligned in the same direction. A method for producing a laminated heat exchanger according to claim 1, comprising a long fluid metal pipe (11) through which a fluid to be exchanged with heat can flow.
Before laminating the refrigerant metal pipe (13) and the fluid metal pipe (11), the refrigerant header (33b) is brazed or welded to the end of the refrigerant metal pipe (13). A header joining process for the refrigerant to be joined,
A fluid header joining step of joining a fluid header portion (33a) to an end of the fluid metal pipe (11);
The refrigerant metal pipe (13) and the fluid metal pipe (11) are laminated with a solder layer (15) made of solder having a melting point of less than 450 ° C. interposed therebetween, and a temporary assembly ( A molding step of molding 23),
At least after the refrigerant header joining step, the temporary assembly (23) is heated to join the refrigerant metal pipe (13) and the fluid metal pipe (11) with the solder layer (15). A method for manufacturing a stacked heat exchanger comprising: a joining step.
前記金属管接合工程において、前記仮組体(23)に対して超音波の振動を付与する、請求項2に記載の積層型熱交換器の製造方法。   The manufacturing method of the laminated heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein ultrasonic vibration is applied to the temporary assembly (23) in the metal pipe joining step. 前記金属管接合工程において、前記はんだ層(15)を補助加熱し、前記はんだ層(15)が半溶融状態となったことを温度センサにより検知した後、前記仮組体(23)に対して前記超音波の振動を付与する、請求項3に記載の積層型熱交換器の製造方法。   In the metal tube joining step, the solder layer (15) is auxiliary-heated, and after the temperature sensor detects that the solder layer (15) is in a semi-molten state, the temporary assembly (23) The manufacturing method of the laminated heat exchanger of Claim 3 which provides the vibration of the said ultrasonic wave. 前記金属管接合工程において、超音波はんだこてを用いて前記仮組体(23)に対して前記超音波の振動を付与するとともに前記はんだ層(15)の温度を融点以上にする、請求項3又は4に記載の積層型熱交換器の製造方法。   The said metal pipe joining process WHEREIN: The vibration of the said ultrasonic wave is provided with respect to the said temporary assembly (23) using an ultrasonic soldering iron, and the temperature of the said solder layer (15) is made more than melting | fusing point. A method for producing a stacked heat exchanger according to 3 or 4. 前記冷媒用ヘッダー接合工程において、前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部と冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)との間にろう材を配置した状態で高周波加熱して前記冷媒用金属管(13)の端部に冷媒用ヘッダー部(33b)を接合する、請求項2〜5のいずれかに記載の積層型熱交換器の製造方法。   In the refrigerant header joining step, the refrigerant metal pipe (13) is heated by high frequency in a state where a brazing material is disposed between the end of the refrigerant metal pipe (13) and the refrigerant header part (33b). The manufacturing method of the laminated heat exchanger in any one of Claims 2-5 which joins the header part (33b) for refrigerant | coolants to the edge part.
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