JP5157082B2 - Electric motor drive system - Google Patents

Electric motor drive system Download PDF

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JP5157082B2
JP5157082B2 JP2006136271A JP2006136271A JP5157082B2 JP 5157082 B2 JP5157082 B2 JP 5157082B2 JP 2006136271 A JP2006136271 A JP 2006136271A JP 2006136271 A JP2006136271 A JP 2006136271A JP 5157082 B2 JP5157082 B2 JP 5157082B2
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inverter
frequency
electric motor
motor
peak value
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章夫 鳥羽
道彦 佐藤
繁樹 稲玉
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Description

この発明は、インバータによって、永久磁石形同期電動機などの界磁付き同期電動機(単にモータともいう)を駆動する駆動システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a drive system that drives a field-equipped synchronous motor (also simply called a motor) such as a permanent magnet type synchronous motor by an inverter.

この種の駆動方式として、電動機の回転軸に取付けた位置検出器から得られる位置情報に基づき同期電動機の電圧や電流を制御するものや、電動機の電圧や電流から回転子の位置を推定して位置検出器を不要とするもの(センサレスベクトル制御)、さらには、電動機に印加する電圧と周波数とをほぼ比例させて制御(V/f一定制御)するもの等がある。このようなV/f制御は、例えば特許文献1に開示されており、位置検出器が不要で制御が簡単であるという特徴がある。   As this kind of drive system, the voltage and current of the synchronous motor are controlled based on the position information obtained from the position detector attached to the rotating shaft of the motor, and the rotor position is estimated from the voltage and current of the motor. There are those that do not require a position detector (sensorless vector control), and those that control the voltage and frequency applied to the motor approximately in proportion (constant V / f control). Such V / f control is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1, and has a feature that a position detector is unnecessary and control is simple.

図4は特許文献1に記載のV/f一定制御例を示すブロック図である。
同図において、10は直流母線、11は3相インバータ、12は永久磁石形同期電動機、13は周波数指令器、14は周波数/電圧(f/v)変換器、15はパルス幅変調器、19は高域周波数成分を通過させるハイパスフィルタ、20は比例演算器、21は加減算器、22は積分器、24は電流検出器、25は低域周波数成分を通過させるローパスフィルタ、26は有効電流演算器を示す。
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of V / f constant control described in Patent Document 1. In FIG.
In the figure, 10 is a DC bus, 11 is a three-phase inverter, 12 is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, 13 is a frequency commander, 14 is a frequency / voltage (f / v) converter, 15 is a pulse width modulator, 19 Is a high pass filter that passes high frequency components, 20 is a proportional calculator, 21 is an adder / subtracter, 22 is an integrator, 24 is a current detector, 25 is a low pass filter that passes low frequency components, and 26 is an effective current calculator. Indicates a vessel.

これは、電流検出器24から得られるインバータ直流母線10の電流検出信号Idc0より、ローパスフィルタ25によって高周波帯域成分を除去し、インバータ直流電流平均値Idcを求め、これから有効電流演算器26で所定の演算をすることにより、有効電流iδを求める。その後、ハイパスフィルタ19によりiδから直流分を除去してその変動分Δiδを求め、比例演算器20にて所定のゲインを乗じることで周波数補正量Δf*を
求め、周波数指令器13からの周波数指令f*に負帰還することにより、iδの変動を減少させ系の状態を定常状態に近づけ、安定なV/f一定制御を可能とするものである。
This is because the high-frequency band component is removed by the low-pass filter 25 from the current detection signal Idc 0 of the inverter DC bus 10 obtained from the current detector 24 to obtain the inverter DC current average value Idc. The effective current iδ is obtained by performing the following calculation. Thereafter, the DC component is removed from i δ by the high pass filter 19 to obtain the variation Δ i δ, and the proportional calculator 20 multiplies a predetermined gain to obtain the frequency correction amount Δf *, and the frequency command from the frequency command unit 13 is obtained. By negatively feeding back to f *, the fluctuation of iδ is reduced, the system state is brought close to a steady state, and stable V / f constant control is enabled.

特開2005−218273号公報JP 2005-218273 A

上記の例は、いわゆる「位置センサレス駆動方式」であり、電動機の回転速度は推定値になるので、正確な回転速度は不明である。そのため、特に脱調した場合に、それをどのように検出するかが問題となる。脱調検出は電動機の誘起電圧が低くなる、回転速度の低い状態において特に困難となる。なぜならば、脱調時の直流母線電流検出値、またはこれを低域通過フィルタに入力した場合の出力値の変化が、一般に誘起電圧が低いほど小さいからである。
したがって、この発明の課題は、インバータの直流母線電流を検出して電動機を駆動するシステムにおいて、電動機の回転状態、すなわち回転速度や脱調の有無を簡便に検出できるようにすることにある。
The above example is a so-called “position sensorless driving method”, and the rotational speed of the electric motor is an estimated value, so the exact rotational speed is unknown. For this reason, there is a problem of how to detect this particularly when stepping out. Step-out detection is particularly difficult in a state where the induced voltage of the motor is low and the rotational speed is low. This is because the change in the DC bus current detection value at the time of step-out or the output value when it is input to the low-pass filter is generally smaller as the induced voltage is lower.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to easily detect the rotation state of the motor, that is, the rotational speed and the presence or absence of step-out, in a system that drives the motor by detecting the DC bus current of the inverter.

このような課題を解決するため、請求項1の発明では、直流電圧部に接続されるインバータと、このインバータの交流端子に接続される界磁付き同期電動機(電動機)とを備えた電動機駆動システムにおいて、
前記直流電圧部とインバータとの間に流れる直流母線電流またはそのピーク値を検出する検出手段と、検出された直流母線電流またはそのピーク値の、インバータ出力電圧の基本周波数の2N(N:インバータおよび電動機の相数を示す2以上の自然数)倍の周波数およびその近傍成分を通過させる帯域フィルタとを設け、この帯域フィルタからの出力に基づき電動機の脱調を検出することを特徴とする。
In order to solve such a problem, in the invention of claim 1, an electric motor drive system including an inverter connected to the DC voltage unit and a field-equipped synchronous motor (electric motor) connected to the AC terminal of the inverter. In
A detecting means for detecting a DC bus current flowing between the DC voltage section and the inverter or a peak value thereof; a detected frequency of the DC bus current or the peak value of 2N (N: inverter and A band-pass filter that passes a frequency that is twice or more a natural number indicating the number of phases of the electric motor) and a component in the vicinity thereof is provided, and step-out of the electric motor is detected based on an output from the band-pass filter.

この発明によれば、インバータの直流母線電流値またはそのピーク値の振動成分に着目することにより、回転速度や脱調の有無を比較的容易に検出することが可能となる利点がもたらされる。   According to the present invention, by paying attention to the DC bus current value of the inverter or the vibration component of the peak value, there is an advantage that the rotational speed and the presence or absence of step-out can be detected relatively easily.

図1はこの発明の実施の形態を示す構成図である。
図1からも明らかなように、この例は従来例に対しピーク値検出手段27および振動成分抽出器28を設けた点が特徴である。なお、このようなハード的な構成の代わりに、ソフト的に実現することも可能である。図2は図1の原理を説明するための波形図で、以下、図2も参照して説明する。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
As is apparent from FIG. 1, this example is characterized in that a peak value detecting means 27 and a vibration component extractor 28 are provided with respect to the conventional example. It should be noted that, instead of such a hardware configuration, it can be realized in software. FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram for explaining the principle of FIG. 1, and will be described below with reference to FIG.

電動機の相電流とインバータ電流検出器24によって検出されるインバータ直流母線電流Idcとは、図2のような関係にある。すなわち、Idcはパルス状の波形であり、そのピーク値はU,V,W相電流のいずれかと必ず一致する。そして、Idcのピーク値の包絡線Idcp(見易くするため、図2ではIdcの上方にずらして示している)は、電動機の全相電流のピーク値の包絡線に一致する。電動機の全相電流の包絡線は、電動機電流がN(N:2以上の自然数)相平衡正弦波の場合、基本周波数の2N倍の周波数成分(2N倍成分)を有する。図2は3相の例で、Idcpには電流の基本周波数の6倍の周波数成分が含まれていることが分かる。   The phase current of the motor and the inverter DC bus current Idc detected by the inverter current detector 24 have a relationship as shown in FIG. That is, Idc is a pulse-like waveform, and its peak value always matches any of the U, V, and W phase currents. An envelope Idcp of the peak value of Idc (in FIG. 2, shifted from Idc for the sake of easy understanding) coincides with the envelope of the peak value of the full-phase current of the motor. When the motor current is an N (N: natural number of 2 or more) phase balanced sine wave, the envelope of the all-phase current of the motor has a frequency component (2N times component) that is 2N times the fundamental frequency. FIG. 2 shows an example of three phases. It can be seen that Idcp contains a frequency component that is six times the fundamental frequency of the current.

以上のことから、Idcのピーク値の振動成分を検出すれば、基本周波数の2N倍成分が抽出できることになり、その1/2Nは電動機の誘起電圧周波数feを示す。ここで、電動機の磁極対数をpとし、電動機の回転周波数(回転速度)をfmとすれば、
fm=fe/p
なる関係が成立する。つまり、Idcのピーク値の振動成分からfeを求めれば、上式の関係から電動機の回転周波数fmを求めることが可能となる。
From the above, if the vibration component of the peak value of Idc is detected, a 2N-fold component of the fundamental frequency can be extracted, and 1 / 2N thereof represents the induced voltage frequency fe of the motor. Here, if the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor is p and the rotation frequency (rotation speed) of the motor is fm,
fm = fe / p
This relationship is established. That is, if fe is obtained from the vibration component of the peak value of Idc, the rotational frequency fm of the motor can be obtained from the relationship of the above equation.

図1は以上のような観点に基づく構成例を示し、ピーク値検出手段27によりIdcのピーク値Idcpを求め、振動成分抽出器28でIdcpから振動成分を抽出するようにしている。このようにすることで、例えば回転速度の外部出力や、速度フィードバック制御を行なうことが可能となる。   FIG. 1 shows a configuration example based on the above viewpoint. The peak value detection unit 27 obtains the peak value Idcp of the Idc, and the vibration component extractor 28 extracts the vibration component from the Idcp. In this way, for example, external output of the rotational speed and speed feedback control can be performed.

ところで、電動機が脱調すると、誘起電圧周波数feがインバータの出力電圧周波数finvから大きく外れることになる。このことから、上記のように導出されるfeを監視することで、電動機の脱調を検出することが可能となる。なお、脱調を検出したときは、
インバータを停止させるなどの措置を執り、脱調により流れる比較的大きな電流による過熱や、電動機に結合される機械類への異常なトルクを防止することなどが可能となる。
By the way, when the motor steps out, the induced voltage frequency fe greatly deviates from the output voltage frequency finv of the inverter. From this, it is possible to detect the step-out of the electric motor by monitoring the fe derived as described above. When step-out is detected,
By taking measures such as stopping the inverter, it is possible to prevent overheating due to a relatively large current flowing due to step-out and abnormal torque to the machinery coupled to the electric motor.

図3はこの発明の他の実施の形態を示す構成図である。
図3からも明らかなように、図1に示すものに対し帯域通過(バンドパス)フィルタ29、および掛算器30を付加した点が特徴である。
すなわち、本システムが正常に動作していれば、導出される周波数はインバータの出力電圧周波数finvに近い値となる。そこで、インバータ出力電圧基本周波数finvの2N倍の周波数を通過させるフィルタ、例えば2N×finvを中心周波数とする帯域通過フィルタ29に、ピーク値Idcpを入力することにより、Idcに含まれる2N×feの周波数成分を取り出すようにしている。
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
As apparent from FIG. 3, a band pass filter 29 and a multiplier 30 are added to the structure shown in FIG.
That is, if this system is operating normally, the derived frequency is close to the output voltage frequency finv of the inverter. Therefore, by inputting a peak value Idcp to a filter that passes a frequency 2N times the inverter output voltage fundamental frequency finv, for example, a band pass filter 29 having 2N × finv as a center frequency, 2N × fe of 2N × fe included in Idc is input. The frequency component is extracted.

2N×finvの中心周波数成分は、掛算器30によりインバータ出力電圧基本周波数finvを2N倍して求めるようにしている。なお、ここではピーク値Idcpを求めているが、その代わりに電流検出値Idcをそのまま用いるようにしても良い。
図3の場合も図1と同様に、Idcpの2N倍の周波数成分は、脱調時には通常よりも小さくなるので、これを利用して脱調を検出することができるのは言うまでもない。
The center frequency component of 2N × finv is obtained by multiplying the inverter output voltage basic frequency finv by 2N by the multiplier 30. Although the peak value Idcp is obtained here, the current detection value Idc may be used as it is instead.
In the case of FIG. 3 as well, similarly to FIG. 1, the frequency component of 2N times Idcp is smaller than usual at the time of step-out, so it is needless to say that step-out can be detected using this.

この発明の実施の形態を示す構成図Configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention 図1の動作を説明するための波形図Waveform diagram for explaining the operation of FIG. この発明の他の実施の形態を示す構成図Configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention 従来例を示す構成図Configuration diagram showing a conventional example

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11…インバータ、12…永久磁石形同期電動機、24…電流検出器、27…ピーク値検出手段、28…振動成分抽出手段、29…帯域通過(バンドパス)フィルタ、30…掛算器。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Inverter, 12 ... Permanent magnet type synchronous motor, 24 ... Current detector, 27 ... Peak value detection means, 28 ... Vibration component extraction means, 29 ... Band pass filter, 30 ... Multiplier

Claims (1)

直流電圧部に接続されるインバータと、このインバータの交流端子に接続される界磁付き同期電動機(電動機)とを備えた電動機駆動システムにおいて、
前記直流電圧部とインバータとの間に流れる直流母線電流またはそのピーク値を検出する検出手段と、検出された直流母線電流またはそのピーク値の、インバータ出力電圧の基本周波数の2N(N:インバータおよび電動機の相数を示す2以上の自然数)倍の周波数およびその近傍成分を通過させる帯域フィルタとを設け、この帯域フィルタからの出力に基づき電動機の脱調を検出することを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。
In an electric motor drive system including an inverter connected to a DC voltage unit and a synchronous motor with a field (electric motor) connected to an AC terminal of the inverter,
A detecting means for detecting a DC bus current flowing between the DC voltage section and the inverter or a peak value thereof; a detected frequency of the DC bus current or the peak value of 2N (N: inverter and And a bandpass filter that passes a frequency that is twice or more a natural number indicating the number of phases of the electric motor) and a component in the vicinity thereof, and detects a step-out of the electric motor based on an output from the bandpass filter. .
JP2006136271A 2006-05-16 2006-05-16 Electric motor drive system Expired - Fee Related JP5157082B2 (en)

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