JP5156483B2 - Piston machining apparatus and piston machining method - Google Patents

Piston machining apparatus and piston machining method Download PDF

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JP5156483B2
JP5156483B2 JP2008137805A JP2008137805A JP5156483B2 JP 5156483 B2 JP5156483 B2 JP 5156483B2 JP 2008137805 A JP2008137805 A JP 2008137805A JP 2008137805 A JP2008137805 A JP 2008137805A JP 5156483 B2 JP5156483 B2 JP 5156483B2
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piston material
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JP2009285742A (en
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修二 大坂
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株式会社小金井精機製作所
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Description

本発明は、ピストンの外周面を加工するピストン加工装置及びピストン加工方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a piston processing apparatus and a piston processing method for processing an outer peripheral surface of a piston.

内燃機関のシリンダ室を移動するピストンは、その外周面の形状が燃焼時の熱膨張等の影響を配慮してシリンダ室の内面との隙間が全ての領域で均一になるよう設定することが望ましい。そのため、ピストン素材の外周面の形状を三次元的（基準楕円周面や基円周面に対して変化を有する形状）に加工する必要があり、従来では、旋盤や切削加工機を用いて行われていた（特許文献１、２参照）。
ＵＳ６，６６６，１１８Ｂ２号公報 特開平５−８４６０２号公報 The piston moving in the cylinder chamber of the internal combustion engine is preferably set so that the outer peripheral surface has a uniform clearance with the inner surface of the cylinder chamber in consideration of the influence of thermal expansion during combustion. . For this reason, it is necessary to process the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the piston material in a three-dimensional manner (a shape having a change with respect to the reference ellipse peripheral surface and the base peripheral surface), which has conventionally been performed using a lathe or a cutting machine. (See Patent Documents 1 and 2).
US Pat. No. 6,666,118B2 JP-A-5-84602

しかしながら、旋盤による加工では、ピストン素材の外周面をバイトで削るため、高精度な三次元加工が出来ない。しかも、外周面の表面粗度が荒いという問題があった。   However, in machining with a lathe, the outer peripheral surface of the piston material is cut with a cutting tool, so high-precision three-dimensional machining cannot be performed. Moreover, there is a problem that the surface roughness of the outer peripheral surface is rough.

また、切削加工機による加工も、ピストン素材の外周面を刃具で削るため、高精度な三次元加工が出来ず、外周面の表面粗度も荒くなるという問題があった。   In addition, machining with a cutting machine also has a problem that the outer peripheral surface of the piston material is cut with a cutting tool, so that highly accurate three-dimensional processing cannot be performed and the surface roughness of the outer peripheral surface becomes rough.

そこで、本発明は、ピストン素材の外周面を三次元形状に高精度に加工でき、これにより燃費の向上、省エネになるピストンを加工できるピストン加工装置及びピストン加工方法を提供することを目的とする。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a piston machining apparatus and a piston machining method capable of machining a piston material outer peripheral surface into a three-dimensional shape with high accuracy, thereby machining a piston that improves fuel efficiency and saves energy. .

請求項１の発明は、ワーク側基台に設けられ、ピストン素材を着脱できるワークヘッド部と、
前記ワークヘッド部を回転駆動できるワーク回転手段と、砥石側基台に設けられた回転軸を揺動支点として揺動自在に支持された回転部と、前記回転部に設けられた研削砥石と、前記研削砥石を回転駆動できる砥石回転手段と、前記ワークヘッド部と前記研削砥石の少なくともいずれか一方を近接・離間方向に移動し、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの距離を可変できる第１移動手段と、前記ワークヘッド部と前記研削砥石の少なくともいずれか一方を前記第１移動手段の移動方向の直交方向に移動し、前記ピストン素材の回転軸方向に対する前記研削砥石の研削面の位置を可変できる第２移動手段と、 前記ワークヘッド部の回転角度を検知する回転角度検知手段と、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの距離を検知する第１移動位置検知手段と、前記ピストン素材の回転軸方向に対する前記研削砥石の研削面の位置を検知する第２移動位置検知手段と、前記ピストン素材の外周面の各位置における、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの目標距離情報を持ち、この目標距離情報となるよう前記ピストン素材の外周面の全域を前記研削砥石によって研削するよう制御する制御部と、前記ピストン素材の外周面に対する前記研削砥石の接触領域が可変するように、前記回転部の回転軸を揺動支点として前記回転部を揺動できる砥石揺動手段と、前記砥石揺動手段による揺動位置を検知する揺動位置検知手段とを備え、前記研削砥石が前記ピストンの外周面に接触する領域を可変できることを特徴とするピストン加工装置である。 The invention according to claim 1 is provided on a work side base, and a work head part to which a piston material can be attached and detached,
A work rotating means capable of rotationally driving the work head part, a rotating part supported so as to be swingable with a rotating shaft provided on a grindstone side base as a swinging fulcrum, and a grinding wheel provided on the rotating part , Grinding wheel rotating means capable of rotationally driving the grinding wheel, and moving at least one of the work head part and the grinding wheel in the approaching / separating direction, from the rotation axis center of the piston material to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel A first moving means capable of changing a distance; and at least one of the work head portion and the grinding wheel is moved in a direction orthogonal to a moving direction of the first moving means, and the grinding wheel is rotated with respect to a rotation axis direction of the piston material. A second moving means capable of changing the position of the grinding surface, a rotation angle detecting means for detecting a rotation angle of the work head part, and a grinding shaft from the center of the rotation axis of the piston material. First moving position detecting means for detecting the distance to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, second moving position detecting means for detecting the position of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel with respect to the rotation axis direction of the piston material, It has target distance information from the rotation axis center of the piston material to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel at each position on the outer circumferential surface, and the entire area of the outer circumferential surface of the piston material is ground by the grinding wheel so as to be this target distance information. And a grinding wheel rocking means capable of rocking the rotating part with the rotation shaft of the rotating part as a rocking fulcrum so that the contact area of the grinding wheel with the outer peripheral surface of the piston material is variable. , and a swing position detection means for detecting the swing position of the grinding wheel swinging means, to characterized in that capable of varying the area where the grinding wheel contacts the outer peripheral surface of the piston A piston machining apparatus.

請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載のピストン加工装置であって、前記研削砥石の研削面は、中央に位置する仕上げ領域と、前記仕上げ領域の両側に位置する荒削り領域とを有することを特徴とするピストン加工装置である。 The invention of claim 2 is the piston processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the grinding surface of the grinding wheel has a finishing region located in the center and roughing regions located on both sides of the finishing region. Is a piston processing apparatus characterized by

請求項３の発明は、ワーク側基台に設けられ、ピストン素材を着脱できるワークヘッド部と、前記ワークヘッド部を回転駆動できるワーク回転手段と、砥石側基台に設けられた回転軸を揺動支点として揺動自在に支持された回転部と、前記回転部に設けられた研削砥石と、前記研削砥石を回転駆動できる砥石回転手段と、前記ワークヘッド部と前記研削砥石の少なくともいずれか一方を近接・離間方向に移動し、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの距離を可変できる第１移動手段と、前記ワークヘッド部と前記研削砥石の少なくともいずれか一方を前記第１移動手段の移動方向の直交方向に移動し、前記ピストン素材の回転軸方向に対する前記研削砥石の研削面の位置を可変できる第２移動手段と、前記ワークヘッド部の回転角度を検知する回転角度検知手段と、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの距離を検知する第１移動位置検知手段と、前記ピストン素材の回転軸方向に対する前記研削砥石の研削面の位置を検知する第２移動位置検知手段と、前記回転角度検知手段、前記第１移動位置検知手段及び前記第２移動位置検知手段の各検知情報を取得し、前記ワーク回転手段、前記砥石回転手段、前記第１移動手段及び前記第２移動手段の駆動を制御する制御部とを備え、前記制御部は、前記ピストン素材の外周面の各位置における、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの目標距離情報を持ち、この目標距離情報となるよう前記ピストン素材の外周面の全域を前記研削砥石によって研削するよう制御し、前記ピストン素材の外周面に対する前記研削砥石の接触領域が可変するように、前記回転部の回転軸を揺動支点として前記回転部を揺動できる砥石揺動手段と、前記砥石揺動手段による揺動位置を検知する揺動位置検知手段とさらにを備え、前記制御部は、荒削り加工と仕上げ加工では、前記研削砥石の研削面が前記ピストンの外周面に対して異なる領域で接触するよう前記砥石揺動手段の駆動を制御したことを特徴とするピストン加工方法である。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a work head portion provided on the work side base and capable of attaching and detaching a piston material, a work rotating means capable of rotationally driving the work head portion, and a rotating shaft provided on the grindstone side base. At least one of a rotating part supported to be swingable as a moving fulcrum, a grinding wheel provided on the rotating part , a grinding wheel rotating means capable of rotationally driving the grinding wheel, the work head part, and the grinding wheel Is moved in the approaching / separating direction, and the first moving means capable of varying the distance from the rotation axis center of the piston material to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, and at least one of the work head part and the grinding wheel is A second moving means that moves in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the first moving means and can change the position of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel with respect to the rotational axis direction of the piston material; A rotation angle detection means for detecting a rotation angle of the gate portion, a first movement position detection means for detecting a distance from a rotation axis center of the piston material to a grinding surface of the grinding wheel, and a rotation axis direction of the piston material Each detection information of the second movement position detection means for detecting the position of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, the rotation angle detection means, the first movement position detection means and the second movement position detection means is acquired, and the workpiece A rotation unit, a grindstone rotation unit, a control unit that controls driving of the first movement unit, and the second movement unit, the control unit of the piston material at each position on the outer peripheral surface of the piston material. It has target distance information from the center of the rotating shaft to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, and the entire outer peripheral surface of the piston material is controlled to be ground by the grinding wheel so as to be this target distance information. And such that said contact area of the grinding wheel is varied with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the piston material, a grinding wheel swinging means for swinging the rotating portion of the rotary shaft of the rotary portion as a swing fulcrum, the grinding wheel swinging means Oscillating position detecting means for detecting the oscillating position by the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured so that the grinding surface of the grinding wheel contacts the outer peripheral surface of the piston in different regions in roughing and finishing. The piston machining method is characterized in that the driving of the grindstone rocking means is controlled .

請求項１及び請求項３の発明によれば、第２移動位置検知手段及び回転角度検知手段の検知情報より研削砥石の研削面に対向するピストン素材の全ての外周面の位置情報を得ることができ、これら位置情報における第１移動方向の目標情報に基づいて第１移動手段を制御することによってピストン素材の外周面を三次元形状（基準楕円周面や基準円周面に対して変化を有する形状）に加工できる。ピストン素材の外周面は研削砥石で研削され、研削砥石による研削加工は高精度で、且つ、表面粗度が細かい。従って、ピストン素材の外周面を三次元形状に高精度に加工でき、これにより燃費の向上、省エネになるピストンを加工できる。   According to invention of Claim 1 and Claim 3, the positional information on all the outer peripheral surfaces of the piston raw material which opposes the grinding surface of a grinding wheel is obtained from the detection information of a 2nd movement position detection means and a rotation angle detection means. It is possible to control the first moving means based on the target information in the first moving direction in the position information to change the outer peripheral surface of the piston material to a three-dimensional shape (relative to the reference elliptical surface and the reference circular surface). Shape). The outer peripheral surface of the piston material is ground with a grinding wheel, and the grinding with the grinding wheel is highly accurate and the surface roughness is fine. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface of the piston material can be machined into a three-dimensional shape with high accuracy, whereby a piston that improves fuel efficiency and saves energy can be machined.

請求項２及び請求項４の発明によれば、研削砥石の研削面を荒削り加工領域と仕上げ加工領域に区分けし、先ず荒削り加工領域で荒削りを施し、その後に仕上げ加工領域で仕上げ加工をすれば、仕上げ加工を荒削りでダメージを受けてない領域で行うことにより、ピストン素材の外周面を更に高精度で、しかも、表面粗度の細かいものに加工できる。   According to the invention of claim 2 and claim 4, if the grinding surface of the grinding wheel is divided into a roughing region and a finishing region, first roughing is performed in the roughing region, and then finishing is performed in the finishing region. By performing the finishing process in an area that is not damaged by roughing, the outer peripheral surface of the piston material can be processed with higher accuracy and with a finer surface roughness.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明の一実施形態を示し、図１はピストン加工装置の概略平面図、図２はピストン加工装置の概略回路ブロック図、図３（ａ）は研削砥石の要部拡大図、図３（ｂ）は荒削り加工時の研削砥石とピストン素材の外周面間の接触位置を示す図、図３（ｃ）は仕上げ加工時の研削砥石とピストン素材の外周面間の接触位置を示す図である。   FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a piston processing apparatus, FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit block diagram of the piston processing apparatus, and FIG. 3 (b) is a diagram showing a contact position between the grinding wheel and the outer peripheral surface of the piston material during roughing, and FIG. 3 (c) is a diagram showing a contact position between the grinding wheel and the outer peripheral surface of the piston material during finishing. It is.

図１及び図２に示すように、ピストン加工装置１は、ワーク側基台１０と砥石側基台２０とを備えている。ワーク側基台１０上にはヘッド支持台１１と位置測定部１２が設けられている。ヘッド支持台１１にはワークヘッド部１３が回転自在に支持されている。ワークヘッド部１３は、ピストン素材４０を着脱自在に構成されている。ピストン素材４０は、アルミニューム合金製であり、その外周面の中心軸がワークヘッド部１３の回転中心に一致する状態で装着される。ワークヘッド部１３は、ワーク回転手段１４によってＣ軸方向に回転駆動される。ワークヘッド部１３の回転駆動によってピストン素材４０が回転し、ワークヘッド部１３の回転角度、ひいては、ピストン素材４０の回転角度が変化する。ワークヘッド部１３の回転角度は、回転角度検知手段３０によって検知される。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the piston processing apparatus 1 includes a workpiece side base 10 and a grindstone side base 20. A head support 11 and a position measurement unit 12 are provided on the work-side base 10. A work head 13 is rotatably supported on the head support 11. The work head unit 13 is configured to be detachable from the piston material 40. The piston material 40 is made of an aluminum alloy and is mounted in a state where the central axis of the outer peripheral surface thereof coincides with the rotation center of the work head unit 13. The work head unit 13 is rotationally driven in the C-axis direction by the work rotating means 14. The piston material 40 is rotated by the rotation drive of the work head unit 13, and the rotation angle of the work head unit 13, and hence the rotation angle of the piston material 40 is changed. The rotation angle of the work head unit 13 is detected by the rotation angle detector 30.

砥石側基台２０には回転軸２１を揺動支点として回転部２２が揺動自在に支持されており、この回転部２２には砥石装着ヘッド部２３が固定されている。回転部２２及び砥石装着ヘッド部２３は砥石揺動手段２４によってＢ軸方向に揺動される。砥石装着ヘッド部２３、ひいては研削砥石２５の揺動位置は、揺動位置検知手段３１によって検知される。又、砥石装着ヘッド部２３には、研削砥石２５が回転自在に支持されている。この研削砥石２５は、円板状の回転中心を支点として砥石回転手段２６によって回転駆動される。研削砥石２５は、円板状であり、その外周面が研削面２５ａである。研削面２５ａは、図３（ａ）に詳しく示すように、円弧面に形成されている。これにより、研削砥石２５の揺動移動によって異なる領域でピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａに接触できるようになっている。この実施形態では、研削面２５ａの中央領域を仕上げ領域として、研削面２５ａの両側領域を荒削り領域として利用する（図３（ａ）参照）。   A rotating part 22 is supported on the grindstone-side base 20 so that the rotating shaft 21 is a swinging fulcrum, and a grindstone mounting head part 23 is fixed to the rotating part 22. The rotating part 22 and the grindstone mounting head part 23 are swung in the B-axis direction by the grindstone rocking means 24. The oscillating position of the grinding wheel mounting head unit 23 and, consequently, the grinding wheel 25 is detected by the oscillating position detecting means 31. A grinding wheel 25 is rotatably supported on the grinding wheel mounting head portion 23. The grinding wheel 25 is rotationally driven by a grindstone rotating means 26 with a disc-shaped rotation center as a fulcrum. The grinding wheel 25 has a disk shape, and the outer peripheral surface thereof is a grinding surface 25a. The grinding surface 25a is formed in a circular arc surface as shown in detail in FIG. Thereby, it can come to contact with the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston raw material 40 in a different area | region by the rocking | fluctuation movement of the grinding wheel 25. FIG. In this embodiment, the center region of the grinding surface 25a is used as a finishing region, and both side regions of the grinding surface 25a are used as roughing regions (see FIG. 3A).

又、砥石側基台２０は、ワークヘッド部１３に対し近接したり、離間したりする近接・離間方向（Ｘ軸方向）に第１移動手段２７によって移動できる構成されている。これにより、研削砥石２５は、ピストン素材４０の回転軸中心（Ｃ軸方向）から研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａまでの距離を可変できる。第１移動手段２７によって研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａがＸ軸方向に変移し、このＸ軸方向の位置は第１移動位置検知手段３２によって検知される。砥石側基台２０は、第１移動手段２７の移動方向の直交方向（Ｚ軸方向）に第２移動手段２８によって移動できるよう構成されている。これにより、研削砥石２５は、ピストン素材４０の回転軸方向（Ｚ軸方向）に対する位置を可変できる。第２移動手段２８によって研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａがＺ軸に変移し、このＺ軸方向の位置は第２移動位置検知手段３３によって検知される。   Further, the grindstone-side base 20 is configured to be movable by the first moving means 27 in the approaching / separating direction (X-axis direction) that approaches or separates from the work head unit 13. Thereby, the grinding wheel 25 can vary the distance from the rotation axis center (C-axis direction) of the piston material 40 to the grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25. The grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25 is shifted in the X-axis direction by the first moving means 27, and the position in the X-axis direction is detected by the first moving position detecting means 32. The grindstone side base 20 is configured to be moved by the second moving means 28 in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the first moving means 27 (Z-axis direction). Thereby, the grinding wheel 25 can vary the position of the piston material 40 with respect to the rotation axis direction (Z-axis direction). The grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25 is shifted to the Z-axis by the second moving means 28, and the position in the Z-axis direction is detected by the second moving position detecting means 33.

次に、ピストン加工装置１の概略回路系を説明する。第１移動位置検知手段３２、第２移動位置検知手段３３、回転角度検知手段３０及び揺動位置検知手段３１の各検知情報は制御部３５に入力される。制御部３５は、図示しない内蔵メモリを有する。この内蔵メモリには、ピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａの全域の位置情報（Ｚ軸位置，Ｃ軸位置）と、これら位置に対応するピストン素材４０の回転軸中心から研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａまでの目標距離情報（Ｘ軸位置）が格納されている。つまり、ピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａの三次元加工情報である。制御部３５は、この目標距離情報となるようピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａの全域を研削砥石２５によって研削するべく、第１移動手段２７、第２移動手段２８、ワーク回転手段１４、砥石回転手段２６及び砥石揺動手段２４の駆動を制御する。この制御内容については、下記の加工作業の箇所で説明する。   Next, a schematic circuit system of the piston processing apparatus 1 will be described. Each detection information of the first movement position detection means 32, the second movement position detection means 33, the rotation angle detection means 30 and the swing position detection means 31 is input to the control unit 35. The control unit 35 has a built-in memory (not shown). In this built-in memory, the position information (Z-axis position, C-axis position) of the entire outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40, and the rotation axis center of the piston material 40 corresponding to these positions from the grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25. Target distance information (X-axis position) is stored. That is, it is the three-dimensional processing information of the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40. The control unit 35 uses the grinding wheel 25 to grind the entire area of the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 so as to be the target distance information, so that the first moving means 27, the second moving means 28, the work rotating means 14, and the grindstone rotating means. 26 and the grindstone rocking means 24 are controlled. This control content will be described in the following machining operation.

次に、ピストン加工装置１による加工作業の一例を簡単に説明する。先ず、例えば鋳造によって作製されたピストン素材４０をワークヘッド部１３に装着する。次に、ワーク回転手段１４によってピストン素材４０を回転し、砥石回転手段２６によって研削砥石２５を回転する。図３（ｂ）に示すように、研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａの荒削り領域がピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａに接触するよう砥石揺動手段２４によって揺動角を調整する。   Next, an example of the machining operation by the piston machining apparatus 1 will be briefly described. First, for example, a piston material 40 produced by casting is mounted on the work head unit 13. Next, the workpiece material rotating means 14 rotates the piston material 40, and the grindstone rotating means 26 rotates the grinding wheel 25. As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the rocking angle is adjusted by the grindstone rocking means 24 so that the roughing region of the grinding surface 25 a of the grinding wheel 25 contacts the outer peripheral surface 40 a of the piston material 40.

次に、第２移動手段２８の駆動によって研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａがピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａの全域に順次対向配置するよう移動させる。この第２移動手段２８の駆動過程にあって、第１移動位置検知手段３３及び回転角度家位置手段３０の検知情報よりピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａの位置座標（Ｚ軸，Ｃ軸）を認識し、この位置座標に対応する目標距離情報（Ｘ軸）に基づき第１移動手段２７を移動する。これにより、研削砥石２５によりピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａが研削される。このような制御をピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａの全域について行い、ピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａの全域について荒削りを行う。   Next, the second moving means 28 is driven to move the grinding surface 25 a of the grinding wheel 25 so as to sequentially face the entire outer peripheral surface 40 a of the piston material 40. In the driving process of the second moving means 28, the position coordinates (Z axis, C axis) of the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 are recognized from the detection information of the first moving position detecting means 33 and the rotation angle home position means 30. Then, the first moving means 27 is moved based on the target distance information (X axis) corresponding to the position coordinates. Thereby, the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 is ground by the grinding wheel 25. Such control is performed for the entire outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40, and roughing is performed for the entire outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40.

次に、図３（ｃ）に示すように、研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａの仕上げ領域がピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａに接触するよう砥石揺動手段２４によって揺動角を調整する。そして、上記荒削り加工と同様の動作によってピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａの全域を仕上げ加工する。   Next, as shown in FIG. 3C, the rocking angle is adjusted by the grindstone rocking means 24 so that the finished region of the grinding surface 25 a of the grinding wheel 25 contacts the outer peripheral surface 40 a of the piston material 40. Then, the entire area of the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 is finished by the same operation as the roughing process.

ピストン加工装置１による加工が終了すると、ピストン素材４０の表面にダイヤモンドライクコーテング（ＤＬＣ）処理等を行う。尚、ダイヤモンドライクコーテング（ＤＬＣ）処理等は、行ない場合もある。   When the processing by the piston processing apparatus 1 is completed, the surface of the piston material 40 is subjected to diamond-like coating (DLC) processing or the like. In some cases, diamond-like coating (DLC) treatment or the like is performed.

以上説明したように、ピストン素材４０を装着するワークヘッド部１３と、これを回転するワーク回転手段１４と、研削砥石２５と、これを回転する砥石回転手段２６と、ピストン素材４０の回転軸中心から研削砥石の研削面までの距離を可変できる第１移動手段２７と、ピストン素材４０の回転軸方向に対する研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａの位置を可変できる第２移動手段２８と、ワークヘッド部１３の回転角度を検知する回転角度検知手段３０と、ピストン素材４０の回転軸中心から研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａまでの距離を検知する第１移動位置検知手段３２と、ピストン素材４０の回転軸方向に対する研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａの位置を検知する第２移動位置検知手段３３と、これらを制御等する制御部３５とを備えている。従って、第２移動位置検知手段３３及び回転角度検知手段３０の検知情報より研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａに対向するピストン素材４０の全ての外周面４０ａの位置情報を得ることができ、これら位置情報におけるＸ軸方向の目標距離情報に基づいて第１移動手段２７を制御することによってピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａを三次元形状（基準楕円周面や基準円周面に対して変化を有する形状）に加工できる。ピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａは研削砥石２５で研削され、研削砥石２５による研削加工は高精度で、且つ、表面粗度を細かくできる。従って、ピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａを三次元形状に高精度に加工でき、これにより燃費の向上、省エネになるピストンを加工できる。   As described above, the work head portion 13 to which the piston material 40 is mounted, the work rotating means 14 for rotating the work head portion 14, the grinding wheel 25, the grindstone rotating means 26 for rotating the work head portion 13, and the rotational axis center of the piston material 40. The first moving means 27 that can change the distance from the grinding wheel to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, the second moving means 28 that can change the position of the grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25 with respect to the rotation axis direction of the piston material 40, and the work head unit 13 Rotation angle detection means 30 for detecting the rotation angle of the piston material 40, first movement position detection means 32 for detecting the distance from the center of the rotation axis of the piston material 40 to the grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25, and the direction of the rotation axis of the piston material 40 The second moving position detecting means 33 for detecting the position of the grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25 with respect to the above and a control unit 35 for controlling these. Therefore, the position information of all the outer peripheral surfaces 40a of the piston material 40 facing the grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25 can be obtained from the detection information of the second movement position detection means 33 and the rotation angle detection means 30, and these position information By controlling the first moving means 27 based on the target distance information in the X-axis direction, the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 has a three-dimensional shape (a shape having a change with respect to the reference elliptical surface or the reference circular surface). Can be processed. The outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 is ground by the grinding wheel 25, and the grinding by the grinding wheel 25 can be performed with high accuracy and fine surface roughness. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 can be machined into a three-dimensional shape with high accuracy, whereby a piston that improves fuel consumption and saves energy can be machined.

この実施形態では、ピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａに対する研削砥石２５の接触領域が可変するよう揺動できる砥石揺動手段２４と、砥石揺動手段２４による揺動位置を検知する揺動位置検知手段３１とを備え、研削砥石２５がピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａに接触する領域を可変できる。そして、研削砥石２５の研削面２５ａを荒削り加工と仕上げ加工に区分けし、先ず荒削り加工領域で荒削り加工を施し、その後に仕上げ加工領域で仕上げ加工をするため、仕上げ加工を荒削りでダメージを受けてない領域で行うことから、ピストン素材４０の外周面４０ａを更に高精度で、しかも、表面粗度の細かいものに加工できる。   In this embodiment, the grindstone rocking means 24 that can rock so that the contact area of the grinding wheel 25 with the outer peripheral surface 40 a of the piston material 40 can be varied, and the rocking position detecting means that detects the rocking position by the grindstone rocking means 24. 31 and the region where the grinding wheel 25 contacts the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 can be varied. Then, the grinding surface 25a of the grinding wheel 25 is divided into roughing and finishing. First, roughing is performed in the roughing region, and then finishing is performed in the finishing region, so that the finishing is damaged by roughing. Since the process is performed in a non-existing region, the outer peripheral surface 40a of the piston material 40 can be further processed with high accuracy and fine surface roughness.

尚、前記実施形態によれば、第１移動手段２７は、砥石側基台２０、つまり、研削砥石２５側を移動するよう構成されているが、ワークヘッド部１３側のみを移動しても、又、ワークヘッド部１３側と研削砥石２５側の双方を近接・離間方向（Ｘ軸方向）に移動するよう構成しても良い。   In addition, according to the said embodiment, although the 1st moving means 27 is comprised so that the grindstone side base 20, ie, the grinding grindstone 25 side, may be moved, even if only the work head part 13 side is moved, Further, both the work head 13 side and the grinding wheel 25 side may be configured to move in the approaching / separating direction (X-axis direction).

尚前記実施形態によれば、第２移動手段２８は、砥石側基台２０、つまり、研削砥石２５側を移動するよう構成されているが、ワークヘッド部１３側のみを移動しても、又、ワークヘッド部１３側と研削砥石２５の双方をピストン素材４０の回転軸方向（Ｚ軸方向）に移動するよう構成しても良い。   In addition, according to the said embodiment, although the 2nd moving means 28 is comprised so that the grindstone side base 20, ie, the grinding grindstone 25 side, may be moved, even if it moves only the work head part 13 side, Further, both the work head 13 side and the grinding wheel 25 may be configured to move in the rotation axis direction (Z-axis direction) of the piston material 40.

本発明の一実施形態を示し、ピストン加工装置の概略平面図である。1 is a schematic plan view of a piston processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の一実施形態を示し、ピストン加工装置の概略回路ブロック図である。1 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a piston machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の一実施形態を示し、（ａ）は研削砥石の要部拡大図、（ｂ）は荒削り加工時の研削砥石とピストン素材の外周面間の接触位置を示す図、（ｃ）は仕上げ加工時の研削砥石とピストン素材の外周面間の接触位置を示す図である。1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is an enlarged view of a main part of a grinding wheel, (b) is a diagram showing a contact position between the grinding wheel and the outer peripheral surface of a piston material during roughing, and (c) is a finish. It is a figure which shows the contact position between the grinding wheel at the time of a process, and the outer peripheral surface of a piston raw material.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ ピストン加工装置
１０ ワーク側基台
１３ ワークヘッド部
１４ ワーク回転手段
２０ 砥石側基台
２４ 砥石揺動手段
２５ 砥石
２５ａ 研削面
２６ 砥石回転手段
２７ 第１移動手段
２８ 第２移動手段
３０ 回転角度検知手段
３１ 揺動位置検知手段
３２ 第１移動位置検知手段
３３ 第２移動位置検知手段
３５ 制御部
４０ ピストン素材
４０ａ 外周面 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Piston processing apparatus 10 Work side base 13 Work head part 14 Work rotation means 20 Grinding wheel side base 24 Grinding wheel rocking means 25 Grinding wheel 25a Grinding surface 26 Grinding wheel rotation means 27 First moving means 28 Second moving means 30 Rotation angle detection Means 31 Rocking position detecting means 32 First moving position detecting means 33 Second moving position detecting means 35 Control unit 40 Piston material 40a Outer peripheral surface

Claims (3)

ワーク側基台に設けられ、ピストン素材を着脱できるワークヘッド部と、
前記ワークヘッド部を回転駆動できるワーク回転手段と、
砥石側基台に設けられた回転軸を揺動支点として揺動自在に支持された回転部と、
前記回転部に設けられた研削砥石と、
前記研削砥石を回転駆動できる砥石回転手段と、
前記ワークヘッド部と前記研削砥石の少なくともいずれか一方を近接・離間方向に移動し、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの距離を可変できる第１移動手段と、
前記ワークヘッド部と前記研削砥石の少なくともいずれか一方を前記第１移動手段の移動方向の直交方向に移動し、前記ピストン素材の回転軸方向に対する前記研削砥石の研削面の位置を可変できる第２移動手段と、
前記ワークヘッド部の回転角度を検知する回転角度検知手段と、
前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの距離を検知する第１移動位置検知手段と、
前記ピストン素材の回転軸方向に対する前記研削砥石の研削面の位置を検知する第２移動位置検知手段と、
前記ピストン素材の外周面の各位置における、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの目標距離情報を持ち、この目標距離情報となるよう前記ピストン素材の外周面の全域を前記研削砥石によって研削するよう制御する制御部と、
前記ピストン素材の外周面に対する前記研削砥石の接触領域が可変するように、前記回転部の回転軸を揺動支点として前記回転部を揺動できる砥石揺動手段と、
前記砥石揺動手段による揺動位置を検知する揺動位置検知手段とを備え、
前記研削砥石が前記ピストンの外周面に接触する領域を可変できることを特徴とするピストン加工装置。 A work head unit provided on the work side base and capable of attaching and detaching the piston material;
A work rotating means capable of rotationally driving the work head part;
A rotating part supported so as to be swingable with a rotating shaft provided on the grinding wheel side base as a swinging fulcrum;
A grinding wheel provided in the rotating part ;
Grinding wheel rotating means capable of rotationally driving the grinding wheel;
First moving means capable of moving at least one of the work head part and the grinding wheel in the approaching / separating direction and changing a distance from a rotation axis center of the piston material to a grinding surface of the grinding wheel;
A second position capable of changing a position of a grinding surface of the grinding wheel with respect to a rotation axis direction of the piston material by moving at least one of the work head and the grinding wheel in a direction orthogonal to a moving direction of the first moving means; Transportation means;
Rotation angle detection means for detecting the rotation angle of the work head unit;
First moving position detecting means for detecting a distance from a rotation axis center of the piston material to a grinding surface of the grinding wheel;
Second movement position detecting means for detecting the position of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel with respect to the rotation axis direction of the piston material;
At each position of the outer peripheral surface of the piston material, it has target distance information from the rotation axis center of the piston material to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, and the entire area of the outer peripheral surface of the piston material is the target distance information. A control unit for controlling grinding with a grinding wheel ;
A grindstone rocking means capable of rocking the rotating portion with the rotating shaft of the rotating portion as a rocking fulcrum so that the contact area of the grinding wheel with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the piston material is variable;
Rocking position detecting means for detecting a rocking position by the grindstone rocking means,
A piston machining apparatus characterized in that a region where the grinding wheel contacts the outer peripheral surface of the piston can be varied . 請求項１に記載のピストン加工装置であって、
前記研削砥石の研削面は、中央に位置する仕上げ領域と、前記仕上げ領域の両側に位置する荒削り領域とを有することを特徴とするピストン加工装置。 The piston processing apparatus according to claim 1,
The grinding surface of the grinding wheel has a finishing region located in the center and a roughing region located on both sides of the finishing region . ワーク側基台に設けられ、ピストン素材を着脱できるワークヘッド部と、
前記ワークヘッド部を回転駆動できるワーク回転手段と、
砥石側基台に設けられた回転軸を揺動支点として揺動自在に支持された回転部と、
前記回転部に設けられた研削砥石と、
前記研削砥石を回転駆動できる砥石回転手段と、
前記ワークヘッド部と前記研削砥石の少なくともいずれか一方を近接・離間方向に移動し、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの距離を可変できる第１移動手段と、
前記ワークヘッド部と前記研削砥石の少なくともいずれか一方を前記第１移動手段の移動方向の直交方向に移動し、前記ピストン素材の回転軸方向に対する前記研削砥石の研削面の位置を可変できる第２移動手段と、
前記ワークヘッド部の回転角度を検知する回転角度検知手段と、
前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの距離を検知する第１移動位置検知手段と、
前記ピストン素材の回転軸方向に対する前記研削砥石の研削面の位置を検知する第２移動位置検知手段と、
前記回転角度検知手段、前記第１移動位置検知手段及び前記第２移動位置検知手段の各検知情報を取得し、前記ワーク回転手段、前記砥石回転手段、前記第１移動手段及び前記第２移動手段の駆動を制御する制御部とを備え、
前記制御部は、前記ピストン素材の外周面の各位置における、前記ピストン素材の回転軸中心から前記研削砥石の研削面までの目標距離情報を持ち、この目標距離情報となるよう前記ピストン素材の外周面の全域を前記研削砥石によって研削するよう制御し、
前記ピストン素材の外周面に対する前記研削砥石の接触領域が可変するように、前記回転部の回転軸を揺動支点として前記回転部を揺動できる砥石揺動手段と、
前記砥石揺動手段による揺動位置を検知する揺動位置検知手段とさらにを備え、
前記制御部は、荒削り加工と仕上げ加工では、前記研削砥石の研削面が前記ピストンの外周面に対して異なる領域で接触するよう前記砥石揺動手段の駆動を制御したことを特徴とするピストン加工方法。 A work head unit provided on the work side base and capable of attaching and detaching the piston material;
A work rotating means capable of rotationally driving the work head part;
A rotating part supported so as to be swingable with a rotating shaft provided on the grinding wheel side base as a swinging fulcrum;
A grinding wheel provided in the rotating part ;
Grinding wheel rotating means capable of rotationally driving the grinding wheel;
First moving means capable of moving at least one of the work head part and the grinding wheel in the approaching / separating direction and changing a distance from a rotation axis center of the piston material to a grinding surface of the grinding wheel;
A second position capable of changing a position of a grinding surface of the grinding wheel with respect to a rotation axis direction of the piston material by moving at least one of the work head and the grinding wheel in a direction orthogonal to a moving direction of the first moving means; Transportation means;
Rotation angle detection means for detecting the rotation angle of the work head unit;
First moving position detecting means for detecting a distance from a rotation axis center of the piston material to a grinding surface of the grinding wheel;
Second movement position detecting means for detecting the position of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel with respect to the rotation axis direction of the piston material;
The detection information of the rotation angle detection means, the first movement position detection means, and the second movement position detection means is acquired, and the work rotation means, the grindstone rotation means, the first movement means, and the second movement means. And a control unit for controlling the driving of
The control unit has target distance information from the center of the rotation axis of the piston material to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel at each position on the outer peripheral surface of the piston material, and the outer periphery of the piston material is set to the target distance information. Control the entire surface to be ground by the grinding wheel,
A grindstone rocking means capable of rocking the rotating portion with the rotating shaft of the rotating portion as a rocking fulcrum so that the contact area of the grinding wheel with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the piston material is variable;
A rocking position detecting means for detecting a rocking position by the grindstone rocking means, and further,
In the roughing process and the finishing process, the control unit controls the driving of the grindstone rocking means so that the grinding surface of the grinding wheel comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the piston in different regions. Method.
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