JP5152901B2 - Panorama imaging method and apparatus - Google Patents

Panorama imaging method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP5152901B2
JP5152901B2 JP2007322529A JP2007322529A JP5152901B2 JP 5152901 B2 JP5152901 B2 JP 5152901B2 JP 2007322529 A JP2007322529 A JP 2007322529A JP 2007322529 A JP2007322529 A JP 2007322529A JP 5152901 B2 JP5152901 B2 JP 5152901B2
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JP2009145602A (en
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裕弘 堀田
康平 諸橋
和則 林
貞 土肥
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Toyama University
Tateyama Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd
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この発明は、パノラマ撮像可能なレンズを用いて所望の画像検出を行うパノラマ撮像方法と装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a panoramic imaging method and apparatus for performing desired image detection using a lens capable of panoramic imaging.

従来、特許文献1に開示されているように、路面からの反射光を、偏光板を用いて互いに直交する偏向成分に分離し、路面の濡れや凍結状態を検出する路面濡れ状態検出方法と装置が提案されている。この検出方法は、路面を撮像して路面からの反射光をビームスプリッタにより分岐し、各々偏光板を経て互いに直交する成分として、その各成分の光を光電変換して、その電圧から光の輝度を求めその輝度の差から路面の状態を検出するものである。   Conventionally, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a road surface wetting state detection method and apparatus for separating reflected light from a road surface into deflection components orthogonal to each other using a polarizing plate and detecting road surface wetting and frozen states Has been proposed. In this detection method, the road surface is imaged, the reflected light from the road surface is split by a beam splitter, and each component light is photoelectrically converted as a component orthogonal to each other through a polarizing plate, and the luminance of the light is derived from the voltage. The road surface condition is detected from the difference in luminance.

しかしながら、この撮像装置は、撮像用の光学系に加えてビームスプリッタ等の光学系を必要とし、撮像光をビームスプリッタで分割して、偏光板に通しており、光の輝度が低下して、良好な画像が得られず、装置も大きくなるものであった。さらに、撮像範囲が狭く、広い範囲の監視などに用いることができるものではない。   However, this imaging device requires an optical system such as a beam splitter in addition to the imaging optical system. The imaging light is split by the beam splitter and passed through the polarizing plate, and the brightness of the light is reduced. A good image could not be obtained, and the apparatus became large. Furthermore, the imaging range is narrow, and it cannot be used for monitoring a wide range.

一方、撮像範囲が広い光学系として、特許文献2に開示されているように、レンズの周囲360°の視界を一度に撮像できるパノラマ撮像レンズがある。このパノラマ撮像レンズ1は、図6に示すように、光学ガラスや透明樹脂等の光透過性の素材により、レンズの中心である光軸回りに回転対称に形成されている。そして、パノラマ撮像レンズ1は、360°全周から側方の光が入射する環状の光入射面2と、この光入射面2と隣接し略対向するようにして環状に形成され、レンズ1内へ光を反射する第一反射面3と、光入射面2の環内の中央部に設けられ第一反射面3からの反射光を第一反射面3の環の内側部分に向けて反射する第二反射面4を備えている。第一反射面3の環内中央部には、第二反射面4と対向する位置に第二反射面4からの光を透過する光出射面5が形成されている。   On the other hand, as an optical system having a wide imaging range, there is a panoramic imaging lens capable of imaging a 360 ° field of view at a time as disclosed in Patent Document 2. As shown in FIG. 6, the panoramic imaging lens 1 is formed rotationally symmetrical around the optical axis that is the center of the lens, using a light-transmitting material such as optical glass or transparent resin. The panoramic imaging lens 1 is formed in an annular shape so as to be adjacent to and substantially opposite to the annular light incident surface 2 on which lateral light is incident from the entire 360 ° circumference. The first reflection surface 3 that reflects light toward the center and the center of the light incident surface 2 in the ring reflects the reflected light from the first reflection surface 3 toward the inner portion of the ring of the first reflection surface 3. A second reflecting surface 4 is provided. A light emitting surface 5 that transmits light from the second reflecting surface 4 is formed at a position facing the second reflecting surface 4 at the center in the ring of the first reflecting surface 3.

光入射面2は側方に膨らんだ凸レンズ状に形成され、中心部の第二反射面4は凹面状に形成され、レンズ1の内面側が凸面鏡状の反射面となっている。また、光入射面2に隣接した第一反射面3も、側方に膨らんだ凸面状に形状され、レンズ1の内面側が第二反射面4の方向を向いた環状の凹面鏡の反射面となっている。光出射面5は、適宜凹面や凸面または平面状に形成されている。   The light incident surface 2 is formed in a convex lens shape that swells laterally, the second reflecting surface 4 at the center is formed in a concave shape, and the inner surface side of the lens 1 is a convex mirror-like reflecting surface. The first reflecting surface 3 adjacent to the light incident surface 2 is also formed in a convex shape that bulges to the side, and becomes the reflecting surface of an annular concave mirror in which the inner surface side of the lens 1 faces the second reflecting surface 4. ing. The light emitting surface 5 is appropriately formed in a concave surface, a convex surface, or a planar shape.

このパノラマ撮像レンズ1を用いたパノラマ撮像システムは、図6に示すように、パノラマ撮像レンズ1とその光軸上に設けられた結像用のリレーレンズ6とを保持したレンズホルダ7、及び図示しないケース等から成るパノラマレンズユニット8と、このパノラマレンズユニット8が取り付けられるビデオカメラ等の撮像装置10から成る。撮像装置10は、像を捉える対物レンズ系11と、その結像位置に設けられたCCD等の撮像素子12、その他図示しない必要な制御部等から成る。そして、パノラマ撮像レンズ1により捉えられた360°のパノラマ風景13の画像14は、撮像装置10の撮像素子12により電気信号に変換されて、液晶やCRT等の各種モニタ装置15に映し出される。
特開平6−109865号公報 特開2003−167193号公報
As shown in FIG. 6, the panoramic imaging system using the panoramic imaging lens 1 includes a lens holder 7 that holds the panoramic imaging lens 1 and an image forming relay lens 6 provided on the optical axis thereof, and It comprises a panoramic lens unit 8 composed of a case and the like, and an imaging device 10 such as a video camera to which the panoramic lens unit 8 is attached. The imaging apparatus 10 includes an objective lens system 11 that captures an image, an imaging element 12 such as a CCD provided at the imaging position, and other necessary control units (not shown). An image 14 of the 360 ° panoramic landscape 13 captured by the panoramic imaging lens 1 is converted into an electrical signal by the imaging element 12 of the imaging device 10 and is displayed on various monitor devices 15 such as a liquid crystal or a CRT.
JP-A-6-109865 JP 2003-167193 A

上記特許文献2に開示されたパノラマ撮像システムの光学系は、視野角が広く、広範囲の観察を可能にするものであるが、特許文献1に開示されているように、ビームスプリッタ等を用いて、同一の撮像対象を二つの異なる偏光面の偏光板を通過させて種々の検査等を行う用途には使用できないものであった。   The optical system of the panoramic imaging system disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a wide viewing angle and enables wide-range observation. However, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a beam splitter or the like is used. The same imaging object cannot be used for various inspections and the like by passing through two polarizing plates having different polarization planes.

この発明は、上記背景技術に鑑みてなされたもので、簡単な構造で、同一画像を異なる偏光面の偏光板に通過させ、画像の検査を可能にしたパノラマ撮像方法と装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned background art, and provides a panoramic imaging method and apparatus that allows inspection of an image by allowing the same image to pass through polarizing plates having different polarization planes with a simple structure. Objective.

この発明は、光透過性の素材により形成され、レンズ中心の光軸回りに回転対称に形成されて、360°全周から側方の光が入射可能に膨らんで凸レンズ状に形成された環状の光入射面と、この光入射面と互いに対向するように環状に形成され外方に膨らんだ形状に形成されこのレンズ内へ光を反射するように凹面鏡状に形成された第一反射面と、前記光入射面の環内の中央部に設けられ前記第一反射面からの反射光を前記第一反射面の環の内側部分に向けて反射する凸面鏡状の第二反射面と、前記第一反射面の環内中央部に位置し前記第二反射面と対向して前記第二反射面からの光を透過する光出射面とから成るパノラマ撮像レンズを備え、前記光入射面に対して一定間隔離れて前記光出射面の光軸に対して直角な面の反射鏡と、この反射鏡と平行な面で2段に分かれて互いに直交する偏光面の円筒状の一対の偏光板とを備え、前記光入射面に前記一対の偏光板を通過した撮像対象からの光が直接入射するとともに、前記撮像対象からの光が前記反射鏡で反射して前記光入射面に入射して、各々同心円状の画像を形成して、この同心円状の画像のうち前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出して、前記各偏光板を通過した前記撮像対象の各画像を比較対象とするパノラマ撮像方法である。   The present invention is formed of a light-transmitting material, is formed rotationally symmetrically around the optical axis at the center of the lens, and is formed into a convex lens shape that swells so that side light can enter from the entire circumference of 360 °. A light incident surface, and a first reflecting surface formed in a concave mirror shape so as to reflect light into the lens, which is formed in an annular shape so as to face the light incident surface and bulge outward. A convex mirror-like second reflecting surface that is provided at a central portion in the ring of the light incident surface and reflects reflected light from the first reflecting surface toward an inner portion of the ring of the first reflecting surface; A panoramic imaging lens comprising a light exit surface that is located in the center of the reflection surface in the ring and that faces the second reflection surface and transmits light from the second reflection surface, and is constant with respect to the light incident surface A reflecting mirror having a surface perpendicular to the optical axis of the light emitting surface and the reflection And a pair of cylindrical polarizing plates having polarization planes that are divided into two stages on a plane parallel to each other and orthogonal to each other, and light from an imaging target that has passed through the pair of polarizing plates is directly incident on the light incident surface. The light from the imaging object is reflected by the reflecting mirror and incident on the light incident surface to form concentric images, and the same concentric images that have passed through the polarizers. In the panorama imaging method, the imaging target is extracted and each image of the imaging target that has passed through each polarizing plate is used as a comparison target.

前記同心円状の画像から前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出する際に、前記同心円状の画像を展開して互いのマッチングを取るものである。   When extracting the same imaging target that has passed through each of the polarizing plates from the concentric image, the concentric image is developed and matched with each other.

または、前記同心円状の画像から前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出する際に、前記同心円状の画像の一方を内外反転させて各々同一の大きさに修正し、環状の画像のまま互いのマッチングを取るものである。   Alternatively, when extracting the same imaging object that has passed through each polarizing plate from the concentric image, one of the concentric images is inverted inward and corrected to the same size, and an annular image is obtained. Match each other as it is.

またこの発明は、光透過性の素材により形成され、レンズ中心の光軸回りに回転対称に形成されて、360°全周から側方の光が入射可能に膨らんで凸レンズ状に形成された環状の光入射面と、この光入射面と互いに対向するように環状に形成され外方に膨らんだ形状に形成されこのレンズ内へ光を反射するように凹面鏡状に形成された第一反射面と、前記光入射面の環内の中央部に設けられ前記第一反射面からの反射光を前記第一反射面の環の内側部分に向けて反射する凸面鏡状の第二反射面と、前記第一反射面の環内中央部に位置し前記第二反射面と対向して前記第二反射面からの光を透過する光出射面とから成るパノラマ撮像レンズを備え、前記光入射面に対して一定間隔離れて前記光出射面の光軸に対して直角な面の反射鏡と、この反射鏡と平行な面で2段に分かれて互いに直交する偏光面の円筒状の一対の偏光板とを備え、前記光入射面に前記一対の偏光板を通過した撮像対象からの光が直接入射するとともに、前記撮像対象からの光が前記反射鏡で反射し前記光入射面に入射して、各々同心円状の画像を形成させるパノラマ撮像装置である。   Further, the present invention is formed of a light-transmitting material, is rotationally symmetric around the optical axis at the center of the lens, and is formed into a convex lens shape that swells so that side light can enter from the entire circumference of 360 °. And a first reflecting surface formed in an annular shape so as to face the light incident surface and bulging outward, and formed in a concave mirror shape to reflect light into the lens A convex mirror-like second reflecting surface that is provided at a central portion in the ring of the light incident surface and reflects reflected light from the first reflecting surface toward an inner portion of the ring of the first reflecting surface; A panoramic imaging lens comprising a light exit surface that is positioned in the center of the ring of the one reflection surface and that faces the second reflection surface and transmits light from the second reflection surface; A reflecting mirror having a surface perpendicular to the optical axis of the light emitting surface at a predetermined interval; A pair of cylindrical polarizing plates having polarization planes that are divided into two stages on a plane parallel to the projector and orthogonal to each other, and light from an imaging object that has passed through the pair of polarizing plates is directly incident on the light incident surface In addition, the panorama imaging device is configured to form light concentrically by reflecting the light from the imaging target by the reflecting mirror and entering the light incident surface.

さらに、前記光入射面に前記一対の偏光板を通過した撮像対象からの光が直接入射するとともに、前記撮像対象からの光が前記反射鏡で反射して前記光入射面に入射して、各々同心円状の画像を形成するレンズ系と、前記同心円状の画像を受光する撮像素子と、前記撮像素子からの画像情報を取り込んで、前記同心円状の画像のうち前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出する比較画像抽出手段を備えたものである。   Furthermore, the light from the imaging target that has passed through the pair of polarizing plates is directly incident on the light incident surface, and the light from the imaging target is reflected by the reflecting mirror and incident on the light incident surface. A lens system that forms a concentric image, an image sensor that receives the concentric image, and image information from the image sensor, and the same concentric image that has passed through the polarizing plates. Comparison image extraction means for extracting the imaging target is provided.

この発明のパノラマ撮像方法と装置によれば、簡単な装置で、360°の広い範囲の監視や検査その他の画像の処理を容易に行うことができ、入射画像の偏光面の違いによる画像監視等をコンパクトな装置で効率的に行うことができる。   According to the panoramic imaging method and apparatus of the present invention, a wide range of 360 °, inspection, and other image processing can be easily performed with a simple apparatus, and image monitoring based on a difference in polarization plane of an incident image, etc. Can be efficiently performed with a compact apparatus.

以下この発明の実施の形態について図面に基づいて説明する。図1はこの発明の一実施形態を示すもので、この実施形態のパノラマ撮像装置20は、光学ガラスやレンズ用の透明樹脂等で形成され、レンズ中心の光軸回りに回転対称に形成されている。パノラマ撮像レンズ21は、360°の視界を一度に撮像できるように360°全周から側方の光が入射する環状の光入射面22を備える。光入射面22は、側方に膨らんだ凸レンズ状に形成されている。この光入射面22に対して所定の間隔を隔てて、光入射面22から入射した光をパノラマ撮像レンズ21内へ反射する環状の第一反射面23が形成されている。環状の光入射面22の環内中央部には、第一反射面23からの反射光を第一反射面23の環の内側部分に向けて反射する第二反射面24が設けられている。第一反射面23は側方に膨らんだ凸面状に形状され、第一反射面23のパノラマ撮像レンズ21内面側が、第二反射面24の方向を向いた環状の凹面鏡の反射面となっている。第二反射面24は、凹面状に形成されパノラマ撮像レンズ21の内面側が凸面鏡状の反射面となっている。そして、環状の第一反射面23の環内中央部には、第二反射面24と対向する位置に、第二反射面24からの光を透過する光出射面25が形成されている。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. A panoramic imaging device 20 of this embodiment is formed of optical glass, a transparent resin for a lens, and the like, and is formed rotationally symmetrical around the optical axis at the center of the lens. Yes. The panoramic imaging lens 21 includes an annular light incident surface 22 on which lateral light is incident from the entire 360 ° circumference so that a 360 ° field of view can be captured at a time. The light incident surface 22 is formed in a convex lens shape that swells laterally. An annular first reflecting surface 23 that reflects light incident from the light incident surface 22 into the panoramic imaging lens 21 is formed at a predetermined interval with respect to the light incident surface 22. A second reflecting surface 24 that reflects the reflected light from the first reflecting surface 23 toward the inner portion of the ring of the first reflecting surface 23 is provided at the center in the ring of the annular light incident surface 22. The first reflecting surface 23 is formed in a convex shape that bulges to the side, and the inner surface side of the panoramic imaging lens 21 of the first reflecting surface 23 is a reflecting surface of an annular concave mirror facing the direction of the second reflecting surface 24. . The second reflecting surface 24 is formed in a concave shape, and the inner surface side of the panoramic imaging lens 21 is a convex mirror-like reflecting surface. A light emitting surface 25 that transmits light from the second reflecting surface 24 is formed at a position facing the second reflecting surface 24 at the center in the ring of the annular first reflecting surface 23.

光入射面22、第一光反射面23、及び第二光反射面24の各表面形状は、光入射面22から入射した360°のパノラマ画像が、光出射面25を経て得られるように、球面または適宜の式で設定される非球面形状に形成されている。光出射面25は、光学系に合わせて凹面、凸面または平面状に形成される。さらに、光入射面22に対して一定間隔離れて光出射面25の光軸に対して直角な面の反射鏡26が設けられている。   The surface shapes of the light incident surface 22, the first light reflecting surface 23, and the second light reflecting surface 24 are such that a 360 ° panoramic image incident from the light incident surface 22 is obtained through the light emitting surface 25. It is formed in a spherical shape or an aspheric shape set by an appropriate expression. The light emission surface 25 is formed in a concave surface, a convex surface, or a planar shape according to the optical system. Further, a reflecting mirror 26 having a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light emitting surface 25 is provided at a certain distance from the light incident surface 22.

パノラマ撮像レンズ21は、その光軸上に設けられた図示しない結像用のリレーレンズとともにレンズホルダ28により保持されパノラマレンズユニット30を構成している。パノラマレンズユニット30は、ビデオカメラ等の撮像装置32に取り付けられるとともに、反射鏡26を保持した筒体34を備えている。   The panoramic imaging lens 21 is held by a lens holder 28 together with an imaging relay lens (not shown) provided on the optical axis thereof to constitute a panoramic lens unit 30. The panoramic lens unit 30 is attached to an imaging device 32 such as a video camera, and includes a cylindrical body 34 that holds a reflecting mirror 26.

筒体34は、レンズホルダ28の基端部を囲む筒部34aとパノラマ撮像レンズ20の周囲に位置した環状の開口部34b、及びパノラマ撮像レンズ20に対面した天板部34cとから成る。開口部34bの全周には、天板部34cと平行な仮想の面で2段に分かれて互いに直交する偏光面を備えた偏光板36,38が筒状に装着されている。天板部34cの内側に、反射鏡26が設けられている。   The cylindrical body 34 includes a cylindrical portion 34 a surrounding the base end portion of the lens holder 28, an annular opening 34 b positioned around the panoramic imaging lens 20, and a top plate portion 34 c facing the panoramic imaging lens 20. On the entire circumference of the opening 34b, polarizing plates 36 and 38 each having a polarization plane that is divided into two steps on a virtual plane parallel to the top plate 34c and orthogonal to each other are mounted in a cylindrical shape. A reflecting mirror 26 is provided inside the top plate portion 34c.

この実施形態のパノラマ撮像装置20により撮像される画像は、パノラマ撮像レンズ21の光入射面22へ直接入射するパノラマ画像と、反射鏡26で反射したパノラマ画像が光入射面22へ入射したパノラマ画像がある。2つのパノラマ画像は、図3に示すように、光出射面25から出て、撮像装置32のCCD等の図示しない撮像素子に入射して、同心円状の環状の2画像40として撮像される。   The images captured by the panoramic imaging device 20 of this embodiment are a panoramic image that is directly incident on the light incident surface 22 of the panoramic imaging lens 21, and a panoramic image in which the panoramic image reflected by the reflecting mirror 26 is incident on the light incident surface 22. There is. As shown in FIG. 3, the two panoramic images exit from the light exit surface 25, enter an imaging element (not shown) such as a CCD of the imaging device 32, and are captured as two concentric annular images 40.

即ち、偏光板36,38を通過した光のうち、光入射面22に直接入射した画像は、図3のC,Dとして示すように、環状の画像の外側に位置する。また偏光板36,38を経て反射鏡26により反射され、光入射面22に入射した画像は、図3のA、Bのように、画像40のうちの内側に位置して上下反転した画像となる。   That is, of the light that has passed through the polarizing plates 36 and 38, the image that is directly incident on the light incident surface 22 is positioned outside the annular image, as indicated by C and D in FIG. Further, an image reflected by the reflecting mirror 26 through the polarizing plates 36 and 38 and incident on the light incident surface 22 is an image which is positioned inside the image 40 and is inverted up and down as shown in FIGS. Become.

次に、この実施形態のパノラマ撮像装置20に撮像された画像の処理について、図4,図5を基にして以下に説明する。以下の処理は、コンピュータにより行われるもので、所定のソフトウェアにより処理される。必要な機能として、撮像素子からの画像情報を取り込んで、同心円状の画像40のうち各偏光板36,38を通過した同一の撮像対象を抽出する比較画像抽出手段を備えている。比較画像抽出手段は、まず、撮像素子により得られた画像をコンピュータに取り込み(s10)、展開画像を生成する(s11)。展開画像は、図5(a)のような360°の撮像画像を、図5(b)に示すように横に開いて歪みを補正した長方形画像にする。   Next, processing of an image captured by the panorama imaging apparatus 20 of this embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. The following processing is performed by a computer and is processed by predetermined software. As a necessary function, there is provided comparative image extraction means for taking in image information from the imaging device and extracting the same imaging target that has passed through the polarizing plates 36 and 38 from the concentric image 40. The comparison image extraction unit first captures an image obtained by the image sensor into a computer (s10), and generates a developed image (s11). The developed image is a rectangular image in which a 360 ° captured image as shown in FIG. 5A is laterally opened and distortion is corrected as shown in FIG. 5B.

次に、反射鏡26での反射像か否かを判断して(s12)、反射像である場合は、画像を縦方向に反転させ(s13)、例えば水平成分を通過させる偏光板36を通過した画像である図3、図5のB部分の画像を、後のマッチングを行うために所定範囲でトリミングする(s15)。また、例えば垂直成分を通過させる偏光板38を通過した画像は、図3、図5のD部分の画像を、後のマッチングを行うために所定範囲でトリミングする(s14)。   Next, it is determined whether or not the image is reflected by the reflecting mirror 26 (s12). If the image is a reflected image, the image is inverted in the vertical direction (s13) and passed through a polarizing plate 36 that passes, for example, a horizontal component. The image of the portion B in FIGS. 3 and 5 which is the obtained image is trimmed within a predetermined range in order to perform subsequent matching (s15). Further, for example, for the image that has passed through the polarizing plate 38 that allows the vertical component to pass, the image of the D portion in FIGS. 3 and 5 is trimmed within a predetermined range for subsequent matching (s14).

この後、図5(d),(e)に示すように、展開した画像B,Dのマッチングを行い、共通部分を抽出する。   Thereafter, as shown in FIGS. 5D and 5E, the developed images B and D are matched to extract a common portion.

共通部分を抽出した後、この画像の検査処理を行う。画像の検査処理は、2つの偏光板36,38を通過した共通の撮像対象物について、その反射光の偏光面の向きにより、表面状態や表面の性質を判断することができる。   After extracting the common part, this image is inspected. In the image inspection process, the surface state and the surface property of the common imaging object that has passed through the two polarizing plates 36 and 38 can be determined by the direction of the polarization plane of the reflected light.

例えば、特許文献1に開示されているように、路面の濡れや凍結状態を監視するシステムに利用することができる。この路面監視システムにこの発明を利用することにより、360°の広範な範囲の観測が可能となるとともに、ビームスプリッタにより分割していた画像を、一つのパノラマレンズユニット30からの画像で処理することができ、光学系を簡素化することもできる。これにより、例えば、広い道路の両側の広範な面積で表面の濡れや凍結状態を観測することができ、道路の安全走行に大きく貢献する。   For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, the present invention can be used in a system for monitoring road surface wetness and freezing. By using the present invention for this road surface monitoring system, observation over a wide range of 360 ° is possible, and an image divided by the beam splitter is processed with an image from one panoramic lens unit 30. And the optical system can be simplified. As a result, for example, surface wetness and freezing can be observed over a wide area on both sides of a wide road, greatly contributing to safe driving on the road.

なお、この発明のパノラマ撮像方法と装置は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、前記同心円状の画像から前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出する際に、前記同心円状の画像の一方を内外反転させて各々同一の大きさに修正し、環状の画像のまま互いのマッチングを取るようにしても良い。この場合、同心円画像を展開する工程を省くことができ、後の画像処理をより容易に行うことができる。   Note that the panoramic imaging method and apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiment, and when extracting the same imaging object that has passed through each polarizing plate from the concentric image, the concentric image One of the images may be inverted inside and outside to be corrected to the same size, and matching may be performed while maintaining the circular image. In this case, the process of developing the concentric image can be omitted, and subsequent image processing can be performed more easily.

この発明の一実施形態のパノラマ撮像装置の概略構成図である。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a panoramic imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. この実施形態のパノラマ撮像レンズの光路を示す光線図である。It is a light ray figure which shows the optical path of the panoramic imaging lens of this embodiment. この実施形態のパノラマ撮像装置による撮像画像を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the picked-up image by the panorama imaging device of this embodiment. この実施形態のパノラマ撮像方法のフローチャートである。It is a flowchart of the panoramic imaging method of this embodiment. この実施形態のパノラマ撮像方法を示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the panoramic imaging method of this embodiment. パノラマ撮像装置を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows a panoramic imaging device.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

20 パノラマ撮像装置
21 パノラマ撮像レンズ
22 光入射面
23 第一反面
24 第二反射面
25 光出射面
26 反射鏡
30 パノラマレンズユニット
32 撮像装置
36,38 偏光板
20 panoramic imaging device 21 panoramic imaging lens 22 light incident surface 23 first opposite surface 24 second reflecting surface 25 light emitting surface 26 reflecting mirror 30 panoramic lens unit 32 imaging device 36, 38 polarizing plate

Claims (5)

光透過性の素材により形成され、レンズ中心の光軸回りに回転対称に形成されて、360°全周から側方の光が入射可能に膨らんで凸レンズ状に形成された環状の光入射面と、この光入射面と互いに対向するように環状に形成され外方に膨らんだ形状に形成されこのレンズ内へ光を反射するように凹面鏡状に形成された第一反射面と、前記光入射面の環内の中央部に設けられ前記第一反射面からの反射光を前記第一反射面の環の内側部分に向けて反射する凸面鏡状の第二反射面と、前記第一反射面の環内中央部に位置し前記第二反射面と対向して前記第二反射面からの光を透過する光出射面とから成るパノラマ撮像レンズを備え、前記光入射面に対して一定間隔離れて前記光出射面の光軸に対して直角な面の反射鏡と、この反射鏡と平行な面で2段に分かれて互いに直交する偏光面の円筒状の一対の偏光板とを備え、前記光入射面に前記一対の偏光板を通過した撮像対象からの光が直接入射するとともに、前記撮像対象からの光が前記反射鏡で反射して前記光入射面に入射して、各々同心円状の画像を形成して、この同心円状の画像のうち前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出して、前記各偏光板を通過した前記撮像対象の各画像を比較対象とすることを特徴とするパノラマ撮像方法。   An annular light incident surface formed of a light-transmitting material, formed in a rotationally symmetric manner around the optical axis at the center of the lens, and swelled so that side light can enter from the entire circumference of 360 °, and formed into a convex lens shape. A first reflecting surface formed in an annular shape so as to face the light incident surface and bulging outward, and formed in a concave mirror shape so as to reflect light into the lens, and the light incident surface A convex mirror-like second reflecting surface provided at the center of the ring for reflecting the reflected light from the first reflecting surface toward the inner part of the ring of the first reflecting surface, and the ring of the first reflecting surface A panoramic imaging lens comprising a light exit surface that is located in an inner central portion and that opposes the second reflective surface and transmits light from the second reflective surface; and is spaced apart from the light incident surface by a predetermined distance Reflector with a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light exit surface, and a plane parallel to this reflector A pair of cylindrical polarizing plates with polarization planes that are divided into two stages and orthogonal to each other, and light from the imaging target that has passed through the pair of polarizing plates is directly incident on the light incident surface, and from the imaging target Are reflected by the reflecting mirror and incident on the light incident surface to form concentric images, and the same imaging object that has passed through the polarizing plates is extracted from the concentric images. A panoramic imaging method, wherein each image to be imaged that has passed through each polarizing plate is used as a comparison object. 前記同心円状の画像から前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出する際に、前記同心円状の画像を展開して互いのマッチングを取ることを特徴とする請求項1記載のパノラマ撮像方法。   2. The panoramic imaging according to claim 1, wherein when the same imaging target that has passed through each of the polarizing plates is extracted from the concentric image, the concentric image is developed and matched with each other. Method. 前記同心円状の画像から前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出する際に、前記同心円状の画像の一方を内外反転させて各々同一の大きさに修正し、環状の画像のまま互いのマッチングを取ることを特徴とする請求項1記載のパノラマ撮像方法。   When extracting the same imaging object that has passed through each polarizing plate from the concentric image, one of the concentric images is inverted inside and outside to correct the same size, and the annular image remains as it is. The panoramic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein matching is performed. 光透過性の素材により形成され、レンズ中心の光軸回りに回転対称に形成されて、360°全周から側方の光が入射可能に膨らんで凸レンズ状に形成された環状の光入射面と、この光入射面と互いに対向するように環状に形成され外方に膨らんだ形状に形成されこのレンズ内へ光を反射するように凹面鏡状に形成された第一反射面と、前記光入射面の環内の中央部に設けられ前記第一反射面からの反射光を前記第一反射面の環の内側部分に向けて反射する凸面鏡状の第二反射面と、前記第一反射面の環内中央部に位置し前記第二反射面と対向して前記第二反射面からの光を透過する光出射面とから成るパノラマ撮像レンズを備え、前記光入射面に対して一定間隔離れて前記光出射面の光軸に対して直角な面の反射鏡と、この反射鏡と平行な面で2段に分かれて互いに直交する偏光面の円筒状の一対の偏光板とを備え、前記光入射面に前記一対の偏光板を通過した撮像対象からの光が直接入射するとともに、前記撮像対象からの光が前記反射鏡で反射し前記光入射面に入射して、各々同心円状の画像を形成させることを特徴とするパノラマ撮像装置。   An annular light incident surface formed of a light-transmitting material, formed in a rotationally symmetric manner around the optical axis at the center of the lens, and swelled so that side light can enter from the entire circumference of 360 °, and formed into a convex lens shape. A first reflecting surface formed in an annular shape so as to face the light incident surface and bulging outward, and formed in a concave mirror shape so as to reflect light into the lens, and the light incident surface A convex mirror-like second reflecting surface provided at the center of the ring for reflecting the reflected light from the first reflecting surface toward the inner part of the ring of the first reflecting surface, and the ring of the first reflecting surface A panoramic imaging lens comprising a light exit surface that is located in an inner central portion and that opposes the second reflective surface and transmits light from the second reflective surface; and is spaced apart from the light incident surface by a predetermined distance Reflector with a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light exit surface, and a plane parallel to this reflector A pair of cylindrical polarizing plates with polarization planes that are divided into two stages and orthogonal to each other, and light from the imaging target that has passed through the pair of polarizing plates is directly incident on the light incident surface, and from the imaging target Is reflected by the reflecting mirror and is incident on the light incident surface to form concentric images, respectively. 前記光入射面に前記一対の偏光板を通過した撮像対象からの光が直接入射するとともに、前記撮像対象からの光が前記反射鏡で反射して前記光入射面に入射して、各々同心円状の画像を形成するレンズ系と、前記同心円状の画像を受光する撮像素子と、前記撮像素子からの画像情報を取り込んで、前記同心円状の画像のうち前記各偏光板を通過した同一の前記撮像対象を抽出する比較画像抽出手段を設けたことを特徴とする請求項4記載のパノラマ撮像装置。

The light from the imaging target that has passed through the pair of polarizing plates directly enters the light incident surface, and the light from the imaging target is reflected by the reflecting mirror and incident on the light incident surface. A lens system that forms an image of the image, an image sensor that receives the concentric image, and the same image that has passed through each polarizing plate of the concentric image by taking image information from the image sensor 5. The panoramic imaging apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising comparison image extraction means for extracting an object.

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