JP5134446B2 - Heat pump type water heater - Google Patents

Heat pump type water heater Download PDF

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JP5134446B2
JP5134446B2 JP2008151155A JP2008151155A JP5134446B2 JP 5134446 B2 JP5134446 B2 JP 5134446B2 JP 2008151155 A JP2008151155 A JP 2008151155A JP 2008151155 A JP2008151155 A JP 2008151155A JP 5134446 B2 JP5134446 B2 JP 5134446B2
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hot water
temperature
target
heat exchanger
control means
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JP2009299908A (en
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基 阿部
元泰 佐藤
俊昭 高橋
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Corona Corp
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Description

本発明は、ヒートポンプで給湯水を沸き上げるヒートポンプ式給湯装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a heat pump type hot water supply apparatus for boiling hot water with a heat pump.

従来より、この種のヒートポンプ式給湯装置においては、特許文献1に示すように、圧縮機、水−冷媒熱交換器、減圧手段、空気熱交換器を順次接続したヒートポンプ回路と、前記空気熱交換器へ空気を流通させる送風ファンと、これらを制御する制御手段とを備え、外気温度に応じて送風ファンの回転数を決定し、効率のよい運転を行うものが一般的であった。   Conventionally, in this type of heat pump type hot water supply apparatus, as shown in Patent Document 1, a heat pump circuit in which a compressor, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger, a decompression unit, and an air heat exchanger are connected in sequence, and the air heat exchange. It is common to include a blower fan that circulates air to the vessel and a control means that controls these, and to determine the number of rotations of the blower fan according to the outside air temperature and perform an efficient operation.

また、特許文献2に示すように、一般的なヒートポンプ式給湯装置において、給湯水の目標沸き上げ温度が高いほど加熱能力が必要となるため、送風ファンの回転数を上げるようにしたものもあった。
特開2002−89958号公報 特開2004−309084号公報
In addition, as shown in Patent Document 2, in a general heat pump type hot water supply apparatus, as the target boiling temperature of hot water is higher, the heating capability is required, and therefore, the rotation speed of the blower fan is increased. It was.
JP 2002-89958 A JP 2004-309084 A

ところが、この従来のものでは、目標沸き上げ温度が高い場合、圧縮機からの冷媒吐出温度も高くなるため、特許文献2のように送風ファンの回転数を高くすると冷媒吐出圧力が上限圧力を超えてしまう場合があった。上限圧力を超えた状態で運転を継続させた場合、圧縮機やその他の機能部品や配管の耐久性を著しく低下させてしまう問題があった。   However, in this conventional one, when the target boiling temperature is high, the refrigerant discharge temperature from the compressor also becomes high. Therefore, when the rotational speed of the blower fan is increased as in Patent Document 2, the refrigerant discharge pressure exceeds the upper limit pressure. There was a case. When the operation is continued in a state where the upper limit pressure is exceeded, there has been a problem that the durability of the compressor, other functional parts and piping is remarkably lowered.

また、目標沸き上げ目標温度の全域に渡り上限圧力を超えないように送風ファンの回転数を固定した場合は、目標沸き上げ温度が低いと、冷媒吐出圧力が低いにも関わらず送風ファンの回転数も低いため、加熱効率(COP)を低下させてしまう問題があった。   In addition, when the rotation speed of the blower fan is fixed so that the upper limit pressure is not exceeded over the entire range of the target boiling target temperature, if the target boiling temperature is low, the rotation of the blower fan is low even though the refrigerant discharge pressure is low. Since the number is low, there is a problem that the heating efficiency (COP) is lowered.

そこで、本発明は上記課題を解決するため、圧縮機、水−冷媒熱交換器、減圧手段、空気熱交換器を順次接続したヒートポンプ回路と、前記空気熱交換器へ空気を流通させる送風ファンと、湯水を貯湯する貯湯タンクと、前記貯湯タンクの給湯水を前記水−冷媒熱交換器に循環させる加熱循環ポンプと、前記水−冷媒熱交換器で沸き上げる湯水の温度を設定する目標沸き上げ温度設定手段と、前記目標沸き上げ温度に応じて前記圧縮機の運転周波数あるいは冷媒の目標吐出温度を決定する圧縮機制御手段と、前記水−冷媒熱交換器で沸き上げた湯水の温度が前記目標沸き上げ温度となるように加熱循環ポンプの回転数を制御する加熱制御手段と、前記送風ファンの目標回転数を決定する送風ファン制御手段とを備えたヒートポンプ式給湯装置において、前記送風ファン制御手段は、前記目標沸き上げ温度が高いほど前記送風ファンの目標回転数を低く設定するようにした。 Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a heat pump circuit in which a compressor, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger, a decompression means, and an air heat exchanger are sequentially connected, and a blower fan that circulates air to the air heat exchanger; , a hot water storage tank for hot water storage hot water, the hot water of the hot water storage tank the water - and heating circulation pump for circulating the refrigerant heat exchanger, the water - target for setting the temperature of the hot water water that raised boiling refrigerant heat exchanger Boiling temperature setting means, compressor control means for determining the operating frequency of the compressor or the target discharge temperature of the refrigerant according to the target boiling temperature, and the temperature of hot water boiled by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus having but a heating control means for controlling the rotational speed of the heating circulation pump so that the target water heating temperature, and a fan controlling means for determining a target rotational speed of the blowing fan Oite, the blowing fan control means was set to the target water heating temperature is set higher low target rotation speed of the blower fan.

また、外気温度を検出する外気温度センサを設け、前記送風ファン制御手段は、外気温度が高いほど前記送風ファンの回転数を下げるよう補正するようにした。   In addition, an outside air temperature sensor for detecting the outside air temperature is provided, and the blower fan control means corrects the rotation speed of the blower fan to decrease as the outside air temperature increases.

以上のように本発明によれば、目標沸き上げ温度が高いほど送風ファンの回転数を下げるため、目標沸き上げ温度の全域に渡り上限圧力を超えずに、かつ、加熱効率がよい送風ファンの回転数で運転することが可能となり、機具の耐久性を十分に確保した運転条件において高効率での運転を可能とした。   As described above, according to the present invention, the higher the target boiling temperature is, the lower the rotation speed of the blower fan is. Therefore, the upper limit pressure is not exceeded over the entire range of the target boiling temperature, and the heating fan has good heating efficiency. It was possible to operate at the number of revolutions, and high-efficiency operation was possible under operating conditions that ensured sufficient durability of the equipment.

次に、本発明の一実施形態について図面に基づいて説明する。
図1に示すように、1は湯水を貯湯する貯湯タンク2を有した貯湯タンクユニット、3は貯湯タンク2内の湯水を加熱するヒートポンプ式加熱手段、4は前記貯湯タンク2の下部に接続された加熱往き管5および前記貯湯タンク2の上部に接続された加熱戻り管6よりなる加熱循環回路、7は前記貯湯タンク2の下部に接続され貯湯タンク2に水を給水する給水管、8は前記貯湯タンク2の上部に接続され貯湯されている高温水を出湯する出湯管である。
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, 1 is a hot water storage tank unit having a hot water storage tank 2 for storing hot water, 3 is a heat pump heating means for heating hot water in the hot water storage tank 2, and 4 is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2. A heating circulation circuit comprising a heating return pipe 5 and a heating return pipe 6 connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2; 7 a water supply pipe connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 for supplying water to the hot water storage tank 2; A hot water discharge pipe connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 for discharging hot water stored in the hot water.

9は給水管7から分岐された給水バイパス管、10は出湯管8からの湯と給水バイパス管9からの水を混合して給湯設定温度の湯とする混合弁、11は混合弁10で混合後の給湯温度を検出する給湯温度センサ、12は貯湯タンク2の側面上下にわたり複数設けられ、貯湯タンク2内の湯の温度を検出する貯湯温度センサ、13は前記貯湯タンクユニット1内の各センサの出力を受けて各機器の作動を制御する貯湯制御手段で、後述する目標沸き上げ温度Tsetを設定する目標沸き上げ温度設定手段14を備えているものである。   9 is a water supply bypass pipe branched from the water supply pipe 7, 10 is a mixing valve that mixes hot water from the hot water discharge pipe 8 and water from the water supply bypass pipe 9 to make hot water at a hot water supply set temperature, and 11 is mixed by the mixing valve 10 A plurality of hot water supply temperature sensors 12 for detecting a hot water supply temperature later, a plurality of hot water storage temperature sensors 12 for detecting the temperature of hot water in the hot water storage tank 2, and a plurality of sensors 12 in the hot water storage tank unit 1. Is a hot water storage control means for controlling the operation of each device, and includes a target boiling temperature setting means 14 for setting a target boiling temperature Tset, which will be described later.

前記ヒートポンプ式加熱手段3は、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機15と、高温高圧の冷媒と貯湯タンク2内の湯水とを熱交換する水−冷媒熱交換器16と、水−冷媒熱交換器16通過後の冷媒を減圧させる減圧手段としての電子膨張弁17と、電子膨張弁17からの低温低圧の冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発器としての空気熱交換器18とを冷媒配管で環状に接続したヒートポンプサイクル19と、水−冷媒熱交換器16の水側の加熱循環回路4途中に設けられて貯湯タンク2の湯水を循環させる加熱循環ポンプ20とから構成されている。ここで、前記水−冷媒熱交換器16は冷媒の流動方向と被加熱水の流動方向が対向する対向流式の熱交換器であり、前記空気熱交換器18には、空気熱交換器18に流通させる空気量を調節して蒸発能力を調節するための送風ファン21が設けられている。   The heat pump heating means 3 includes a compressor 15 that compresses refrigerant, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16 that exchanges heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and hot water in the hot water storage tank 2, and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16 passage. A heat pump cycle 19 in which an electronic expansion valve 17 as decompression means for decompressing the subsequent refrigerant and an air heat exchanger 18 as an evaporator for evaporating the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant from the electronic expansion valve 17 are connected in an annular shape by a refrigerant pipe. And a heating circulation pump 20 provided in the middle of the heating circulation circuit 4 on the water side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16 for circulating hot water in the hot water storage tank 2. Here, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16 is a counter-flow heat exchanger in which the flow direction of the refrigerant and the flow direction of the water to be heated are opposed to each other. The air heat exchanger 18 includes the air heat exchanger 18. A blower fan 21 for adjusting the evaporation capacity by adjusting the amount of air to be circulated is provided.

22は圧縮機15と水−冷媒熱交換器16との間に設けられ、冷媒の吐出温度を検出する冷媒吐出温度センサ、23は水−冷媒熱交換器16と電子膨張弁17との間に設けられ、冷媒の水−冷媒熱交換器16からの流出温度を検出する流出温度センサ、24は空気熱交換器18の空気入口側に設けられ、外気温度を検出する外気温度センサ、25は水−冷媒熱交換器16の水側の入水温度を検出する入水温度センサ、26は水−冷媒熱交換器16の水側の沸き上げ温度を検出する沸き上げ温度センサである。   A refrigerant discharge temperature sensor 22 is provided between the compressor 15 and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16 to detect the refrigerant discharge temperature, and 23 is provided between the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16 and the electronic expansion valve 17. An outflow temperature sensor that detects the outflow temperature of the refrigerant from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16, 24 is provided on the air inlet side of the air heat exchanger 18, and is an outside air temperature sensor that detects the outside air temperature, and 25 is water. A water temperature sensor for detecting the water temperature on the water side of the refrigerant heat exchanger 16, and a water temperature sensor 26 for detecting the water temperature on the water side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16.

27は前記ヒートポンプ式加熱手段3内の各センサの出力を受けて各機器の作動を制御する加熱制御手段で、貯湯制御手段13と通信可能に接続され、貯湯制御手段13と連携して作動し、さらに、後述する圧縮機16の運転周波数を設定する圧縮機制御手段28と、後述する送風ファン21の目標回転数Nを設定する送風ファン制御手段29を備えているものである。   27 is a heating control means for receiving the output of each sensor in the heat pump type heating means 3 and controlling the operation of each device. The heating control means 27 is communicably connected to the hot water storage control means 13 and operates in cooperation with the hot water storage control means 13. Furthermore, the compressor control means 28 which sets the operating frequency of the compressor 16 mentioned later and the ventilation fan control means 29 which sets the target rotation speed N of the ventilation fan 21 mentioned later are provided.

次に、この一実施形態の作動について説明する。
給湯を行う際は、ユーザーが蛇口(図示せず)を開くと、貯湯タンク2の下部の給水管7から市水が流入し、貯湯タンク2上部から深夜時間帯に沸き上げられて貯湯されている高温の湯が出湯管8へ出湯される。そして、出湯管8からの高温の湯と給水バイパス管9からの市水とが混合弁10で混合される。このとき、給湯温度センサ11で検出する混合後の給湯温度がリモートコントローラ(図示せず)等で設定された給湯設定温度になるように混合弁10の混合比率が調整され、給湯設定温度の湯が蛇口から給湯される。
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
When hot water is supplied, when a user opens a faucet (not shown), city water flows from the water supply pipe 7 at the bottom of the hot water tank 2 and is boiled from the upper part of the hot water tank 2 and stored in the midnight hours. The hot water that is present is poured into the tap pipe 8. Then, hot water from the hot water discharge pipe 8 and city water from the feed water bypass pipe 9 are mixed by the mixing valve 10. At this time, the mixing ratio of the mixing valve 10 is adjusted so that the hot water temperature after mixing detected by the hot water temperature sensor 11 becomes the hot water set temperature set by a remote controller (not shown) or the like. Hot water is supplied from the faucet.

深夜時間帯となると、貯湯制御手段13は貯湯タンク2内の湯水が所定の目標沸き上げ温度Tsetになるように沸き上げ運転を開始するよう加熱制御手段27へ沸き上げ開始命令を指示する。そして、加熱制御手段27の圧縮機制御手段28は、外気温度センサ24で検出した外気温度Taに応じた圧縮機15の運転周波数を設定して圧縮機15を制御すると共に、目標沸き上げ温度Tset+一定値を外気温度Taの高低に応じて微調整するようにして目標吐出温度TDを設定し、冷媒吐出温度センサ22で検出する冷媒の吐出温度が目標吐出温度TDになるように電子膨張弁17の開度を制御する。同時に、加熱制御手段27は沸き上げ温度センサ26で検出する水−冷媒熱交換器16で加熱された湯が目標沸き上げ温度Tsetになるように加熱循環ポンプ20の回転数を制御する。   In the midnight time zone, the hot water storage control means 13 instructs the heating control means 27 to start a boiling operation so as to start the boiling operation so that the hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 reaches a predetermined target boiling temperature Tset. Then, the compressor control means 28 of the heating control means 27 sets the operation frequency of the compressor 15 according to the outside air temperature Ta detected by the outside air temperature sensor 24 to control the compressor 15 and also sets the target boiling temperature Tset +. The target discharge temperature TD is set by finely adjusting the constant value according to the level of the outside air temperature Ta, and the electronic expansion valve 17 is set so that the refrigerant discharge temperature detected by the refrigerant discharge temperature sensor 22 becomes the target discharge temperature TD. To control the opening degree. At the same time, the heating control means 27 controls the rotation speed of the heating circulation pump 20 so that the hot water heated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 16 detected by the boiling temperature sensor 26 becomes the target boiling temperature Tset.

また、加熱制御手段27の送風ファン制御手段29は、目標沸き上げ温度Tsetが高いほど送風ファン21の目標回転数Nを低く、目標沸き上げ温度Tsetが低いほど送風ファン21の目標回転数Nを高く設定すると共に、外気温度センサ24で検出する外気温度Taが高くなるほど、目標沸き上げ温度Tsetに応じて定めた送風ファン21の目標回転数Nを低くなるように補正するようにしている。ここで送風ファン制御手段29は、図2に示すようなテーブルデータを予め記憶しておき、送風ファン21の目標回転数Nをこのテーブルデータに基づいて設定するようにしてもよいものである。   The blower fan control means 29 of the heating control means 27 decreases the target rotational speed N of the blower fan 21 as the target boiling temperature Tset is higher, and sets the target rotational speed N of the blower fan 21 as the target boiling temperature Tset is lower. While setting it high, it correct | amends so that the target rotation speed N of the ventilation fan 21 determined according to the target boiling temperature Tset may become low, so that the outside temperature Ta detected by the outside temperature sensor 24 becomes high. Here, the blower fan control means 29 may store table data as shown in FIG. 2 in advance, and may set the target rotational speed N of the blower fan 21 based on this table data.

なお、ここで、前記所定の目標沸き上げ温度Tsetは、貯湯制御手段13が蓄積記憶している過去の給湯量の最大値や平均値等の給湯実績から翌日の給湯量の予測量を確保できるように目標沸き上げ温度設定手段14によって算出されるもので、65℃から90℃の範囲で決定されるものである。   Here, the predetermined target boiling temperature Tset can secure a predicted amount of hot water supply for the next day based on the actual hot water supply such as the maximum value and average value of the past hot water supply accumulated and stored in the hot water storage control means 13. Thus, it is calculated by the target boiling temperature setting means 14 and is determined in the range of 65 ° C. to 90 ° C.

そして、沸き上げ運転が進行していくと、貯湯タンク2の下部の水がヒートポンプ式加熱手段3へ循環され、貯湯タンク2の上部から目標沸き上げ温度Tsetに加熱された湯が積層状態に貯湯される。貯湯タンク2内に必要な湯量が沸き上げられたことを貯湯温度センサ12で検出するか、ヒートポンプ式加熱手段3の入水温度センサ25で検出する入水温度Twiが沸き上げし難い所定の高温度以上を検出するか、あるいは電力料金単価の安い深夜時間帯が終了した時点で、貯湯制御手段13は沸き上げ運転を停止するべく加熱制御手段27に停止指示を出し、加熱制御手段27は圧縮機16と加熱循環ポンプ20の運転を停止して、沸き上げ運転を終了する。   Then, as the boiling operation proceeds, the water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated to the heat pump type heating means 3, and the hot water heated from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 2 to the target boiling temperature Tset is stored in a stacked state. Is done. The hot water storage temperature sensor 12 detects that the required amount of hot water has been boiled in the hot water storage tank 2 or the incoming water temperature Twi detected by the incoming water temperature sensor 25 of the heat pump heating means 3 is higher than a predetermined high temperature that is difficult to boil up. Or the hot water storage control means 13 issues a stop instruction to the heating control means 27 to stop the boiling operation, and the heating control means 27 The operation of the heating circulation pump 20 is stopped and the boiling operation is finished.

このように、目標沸き上げ温度Tsetが高いほど送風ファン21の目標回転数Nを下げるため、目標沸き上げ温度Tsetの全域に渡り上限圧力を超えずに、かつ、加熱効率がよい送風ファン21の回転数で運転することが可能となり、機具の耐久性を十分に確保した運転条件において高効率での運転を可能となった。   Thus, since the target rotation speed N of the blower fan 21 is lowered as the target boiling temperature Tset is higher, the upper limit pressure is not exceeded over the entire range of the target boiling temperature Tset, and the heating fan 21 has good heating efficiency. It was possible to operate at the number of revolutions, and it became possible to operate with high efficiency under the operating conditions that ensured sufficient durability of the equipment.

しかも、外気温度Taが高いほど送風ファン21の回転数を下げるように補正するので、外部環境に適応した高効率な制御を行うことができるものである。   In addition, since the correction is performed so that the rotational speed of the blower fan 21 is decreased as the outside air temperature Ta is higher, highly efficient control adapted to the external environment can be performed.

なお、本発明は上記した一実施形態のみに限定されるものではなく、要旨を変更しない範囲で変更が可能なものであり、例えば、圧縮機制御手段28は目標沸き上げ温度Tsetに応じた冷媒の目標吐出温度TDを設定するものとしたが、目標沸き上げ温度Tsetに応じた圧縮機16の運転周波数を設定するものとしてもよい。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be changed without changing the gist thereof. For example, the compressor control means 28 is a refrigerant according to the target boiling temperature Tset. The target discharge temperature TD is set, but the operation frequency of the compressor 16 corresponding to the target boiling temperature Tset may be set.

また、貯湯タンクユニット1とヒートポンプ式加熱手段3とで別の筐体に分割された構成としたが、一体型としてもよく、その場合、貯湯制御手段13と加熱制御手段27も一体の制御手段としてもよい。   Further, the hot water storage tank unit 1 and the heat pump heating means 3 are divided into separate housings, but may be integrated, and in that case, the hot water storage control means 13 and the heating control means 27 are also integrated control means. It is good.

本発明の一実施形態のヒートポンプ式給湯装置のシステム図。The system diagram of the heat pump type hot water supply apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. 同一実施形態の送風ファン目標回転数のデータテーブル。The data table of the ventilation fan target rotation speed of the same embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

14 目標沸き上げ温度設定手段
15 圧縮機
16 水−冷媒熱交換器
17 電子膨張弁(減圧手段)
18 空気熱交換器
19 ヒートポンプサイクル
21 送風ファン
24 外気温度センサ
28 圧縮機制御手段
29 送風ファン制御手段
14 Target boiling temperature setting means 15 Compressor 16 Water-refrigerant heat exchanger 17 Electronic expansion valve (pressure reduction means)
18 Air heat exchanger 19 Heat pump cycle 21 Blower fan 24 Outside air temperature sensor 28 Compressor control means 29 Blower fan control means

Claims (2)

圧縮機、水−冷媒熱交換器、減圧手段、空気熱交換器を順次接続したヒートポンプ回路と、前記空気熱交換器へ空気を流通させる送風ファンと、湯水を貯湯する貯湯タンクと、前記貯湯タンクの給湯水を前記水−冷媒熱交換器に循環させる加熱循環ポンプと、前記水−冷媒熱交換器で沸き上げる湯水の温度を設定する目標沸き上げ温度設定手段と、前記目標沸き上げ温度に応じて前記圧縮機の運転周波数あるいは冷媒の目標吐出温度を決定する圧縮機制御手段と、前記水−冷媒熱交換器で沸き上げた湯水の温度が前記目標沸き上げ温度となるように加熱循環ポンプの回転数を制御する加熱制御手段と、前記送風ファンの目標回転数を決定する送風ファン制御手段とを備えたヒートポンプ式給湯装置において、前記送風ファン制御手段は、前記目標沸き上げ温度が高いほど前記送風ファンの目標回転数を低く設定するようにしたことを特徴とするヒートポンプ式給湯装置。 A heat pump circuit in which a compressor, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger, a decompression unit, and an air heat exchanger are sequentially connected; a blower fan for circulating air to the air heat exchanger; a hot water storage tank for storing hot water; and the hot water storage tank hot water the water - and heating circulation pump for circulating the refrigerant heat exchanger, the water - and the target water heating temperature setting means for setting the temperature of the hot water water that raised boiling refrigerant heat exchanger, the target water heating temperature Compressor control means for determining the operating frequency of the compressor or the target discharge temperature of the refrigerant according to the above, and heating circulation so that the temperature of the hot water boiled by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger becomes the target boiling temperature and heating control means for controlling the rotational speed of the pump, the heat pump type hot water supply device provided with a blowing fan control means for determining a target rotational speed of the blower fan, the blower fan control means, the The heat pump type hot water supply apparatus characterized by higher standard boiling temperature is higher and so as to set a lower target rotation speed of the blower fan. 外気温度を検出する外気温度センサを設け、前記送風ファン制御手段は、外気温度が高いほど前記送風ファンの回転数を下げるよう補正するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のヒートポンプ式給湯装置。 The heat pump hot water supply according to claim 1, wherein an outside air temperature sensor for detecting an outside air temperature is provided, and the blower fan control means corrects the rotation speed of the blower fan to decrease as the outside air temperature increases. apparatus.
JP2008151155A 2008-06-10 2008-06-10 Heat pump type water heater Active JP5134446B2 (en)

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