JP5134360B2 - Integrated molded internal gear - Google Patents

Integrated molded internal gear Download PDF

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JP5134360B2
JP5134360B2 JP2007335485A JP2007335485A JP5134360B2 JP 5134360 B2 JP5134360 B2 JP 5134360B2 JP 2007335485 A JP2007335485 A JP 2007335485A JP 2007335485 A JP2007335485 A JP 2007335485A JP 5134360 B2 JP5134360 B2 JP 5134360B2
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gear
bottom plate
transmission
cold forging
gear portion
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三茂 大岡
徹也 穂口
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O Oka Corp
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Description

この発明は、冷間鍛造により一体化形成され、主として自動車のトランスミッションに用いられる変速用歯車に関する。詳しくは、外周のクラッチ用歯車部と内周の変速用歯車部とが冷間鍛造により一体化形成された円環状の変速用歯車であって、外周のクラッチ用歯車部はスプライン歯車から構成され、かつ、内周の変速用歯車部はスパー歯車又はヘリカル歯車から構成された変速用歯車に関する。 The present invention relates to a speed change gear that is integrally formed by cold forging and is mainly used in a transmission of an automobile. More specifically, the outer peripheral gear portion and the inner peripheral transmission gear portion are annular transmission gears integrally formed by cold forging, and the outer peripheral clutch gear portion is composed of a spline gear. The inner peripheral speed change gear portion relates to a speed change gear constituted by a spur gear or a helical gear.

従来、トランスミッションにおいて、変速用歯車部とクラッチス歯車部とを有する変速用歯車は円板状又はリング状の素材から熱間鍛造により概略形状に成形され、次に熱間鍛造により歯部が形成され、次いで変速用歯車部とクラッチスプライン歯車部に、シェービング、ブローチ又はホブ切り等の機械加工を施す。あるいは、熱間鍛造により成形された変速用歯車部に機械加工を施して変速用歯車を形成し、次いでこの変速用歯車部に冷間鍛造により成形されたクラッチスプライン歯車部を電子ビーム溶接して一体化する方法がある。他に 熱間鍛造により一体成形された変速用歯車部とクラッチ歯車部夫々に機械加工を施す方法が採用されている。この種の変速用歯車の製造に関し、変速用歯車部とクラッチ用歯車部とを以上のように一体化する変速用歯車の提案がなされている（例えば、特許文献１、２及び３参照）。 Conventionally, in a transmission, a transmission gear having a transmission gear portion and a clutch gear portion is formed into a general shape by hot forging from a disk-shaped or ring-shaped material, and then a tooth portion is formed by hot forging. Then, machining such as shaving, broaching or hobbing is performed on the gear section for transmission and the clutch spline gear section. Alternatively, the transmission gear portion formed by hot forging is machined to form a transmission gear, and then the clutch spline gear portion formed by cold forging is electron beam welded to the transmission gear portion. There is a way to integrate. In addition, a method of machining each of the transmission gear portion and the clutch gear portion integrally formed by hot forging is employed. Regarding the manufacture of this type of transmission gear, there has been proposed a transmission gear that integrates the transmission gear portion and the clutch gear portion as described above (see, for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).

また、従来から、トランスミッションに使用される歯車に関し、変速用歯車部のスパー歯車、ドッグ歯車又はヘリカル歯車にクラッチ用のスプライン歯車を一体化した変速用歯車等が知られている。そして、このような歯車の成形方法としては、以下の方法が採用されている。即ち、第一は、変速用歯車部及びクラッチ用歯車部の両方を、ホブカッタ等の工具による切削加工で成形する方法である。第二に、変速用歯車部及びクラッチ用歯車部の中、一方を切削加工で成形し、他方を熱間又は冷間鍛造によって成形する方法である。また、第三に、変速用歯車部及びクラッチ用歯車部の中、一方を熱間鍛造加工によって成形した後に、他方を転造ダイスによる冷間鍛造加工によって成形する方法がある。 Conventionally, as for gears used in transmissions, there are known transmission gears in which spur gears for clutches are integrated with spur gears, dog gears or helical gears of transmission gears. As a method for forming such a gear, the following method is employed. In other words, the first is a method of forming both the transmission gear portion and the clutch gear portion by cutting with a tool such as a hob cutter. Secondly, one of the transmission gear portion and the clutch gear portion is formed by cutting, and the other is formed by hot or cold forging. Third, there is a method in which one of the transmission gear portion and the clutch gear portion is formed by hot forging and then the other is formed by cold forging using a rolling die.

前述した変速用歯車部とクラッチ用歯車部とを一体化した円環状の変速用歯車の例を、具体的に図６及び図７に示す。図６では、冷間鍛造により成形された外周の断面角歯形のスプライン歯車にシェービング又はブローチによる機械加工を施してスプライン歯車５を形成し、この内側に冷間鍛造により一体化成形したスパー歯車にブローチによる機械加工を施してスパー歯車５を形成する。そして、この円環状の内外一体歯車に、孔４を穿孔した円板状の底板３を下方から電子ビーム溶接により一体化結合する。このようにして、底部に円環状の溶接部９を備える変速用歯車の製品Ｗ０を得る。同様に、図７では前述した電子ビーム溶接の代わりに、孔４を穿孔した円板状の底板３を下方からスナップリング１０を使って機械加工済の円環状の内外一体歯車に結合し、変速用歯車の製品Ｗ０を得る。なお、スプライン歯車５の内周は軸方向に対して捩じれたヘリカル歯車７を示す。ここで、図６あるいは図７に示す外周のスプライン歯車５は断面が角歯形の他インボリュート歯形でもよく、また、内歯車は軸線に平行なスパー歯車だけでなく捩じれたヘリカル歯車でもよい。 An example of an annular transmission gear in which the aforementioned transmission gear portion and clutch gear portion are integrated is specifically shown in FIGS. In FIG. 6, a spline gear 5 is formed by subjecting a spline gear having an outer peripheral square tooth shape formed by cold forging to machining by shaving or broach, and a spur gear integrally formed by cold forging is formed on the inner side. The spur gear 5 is formed by machining with a broach. Then, a disc-shaped bottom plate 3 having holes 4 is integrally coupled to the annular inner / outer integrated gear from below by electron beam welding. In this way, the gear W for shifting gears W0 having the annular welded portion 9 at the bottom is obtained. Similarly, in FIG. 7, instead of the electron beam welding described above, the disk-shaped bottom plate 3 with the holes 4 drilled is joined from below to a machined annular internal / external integrated gear using a snap ring 10 to change the speed. A gear product W0 is obtained. The inner periphery of the spline gear 5 indicates a helical gear 7 that is twisted in the axial direction. Here, the spline gear 5 on the outer periphery shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7 may have an involute tooth profile in addition to a square tooth cross section, and the internal gear may be not only a spur gear parallel to the axis but also a twisted helical gear.

特公昭４９−１１５４３号公報Japanese Patent Publication No.49-11543 特公平６−７３７１２号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-73712 特開平４−３６６０２８号公報JP-A-4-36628

以上の通りであって、特許文献に代表されるように、従来の変速用歯車には次のような問題点がある。 As described above, as represented by patent documents, the conventional speed change gear has the following problems.

上記の公報に代表されるような従来の技術では、変速用歯車部とクラッチ用歯車部とを熱間又は冷間鍛造によって概略形状に一体化成形した後、クラッチ用歯車部について例えば冷間サイジングを施し、最後に変速用歯車部に機械加工を施す等しているため、工程数が多くコストアップが余儀なくされる。また、例えば１１５０〜１２００℃に加熱する熱間鍛造は常温の冷間鍛造に比べ金型の摩耗が激しいためにその寿命が短く、変速用歯車製造コストアップを助長する要因となっている。 In the conventional technology represented by the above publication, the gear portion for transmission and the gear portion for clutch are integrally formed into a schematic shape by hot or cold forging, and then the clutch gear portion is subjected to, for example, cold sizing. In the end, machining is performed on the gear portion for transmission, and the number of processes is large, resulting in an increase in cost. Further, for example, hot forging heated to 1150 to 1200 ° C. has a shorter life due to the severe wear of the mold as compared with cold forging at room temperature, and this is a factor for increasing the manufacturing cost of the transmission gear.

機械加工においては、いずれも歯車部にシェービング、ブローチ、又はホブ切り等を施すので、鍛造により形成されたメタルフローが切断されることになり、歯車の強度が低下するとともに、更に機械加工を施すことによる製造コストアップを回避することができない。 In machining, the gear part is subjected to shaving, broaching, hobbing, etc., so that the metal flow formed by forging is cut, the gear strength is reduced, and further machining is performed. The manufacturing cost increase due to this cannot be avoided.

その他、機械加工あるいは熱冷又は間鍛造加工による加工法を用いて、変速用歯車部とクラッチ用歯車部を成形するので、歯形の成形途中で素材を鍛造装置から切削加工装置へ移動させなければならず、工程が煩雑化するという問題がある。 In addition, since gears for speed change and gears for clutch are formed by machining, hot cooling, or intermediate forging, the material must be moved from the forging device to the cutting device in the middle of forming the tooth profile. In other words, there is a problem that the process becomes complicated.

そこで、本発明の変速用歯車は、本発明は以上のような課題に着目してなされたもので、円板状の素材を用いることを前提とした上で、実質的に冷間鍛造工程のみによって、変速用歯車部とクラッチ用歯車部とが一体化された変速用歯車を提供することを目的としている。また、本発明の目的は、機械加工を省くことにより鍛造成形によるメタルフローと称する繊維組織を歯形内に残して歯車の強度を保持するとともに、製造工程の簡素化を図った変速用歯車を提供することにある。 Therefore, the speed change gear of the present invention is made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and it is assumed that a disk-shaped material is used, and only a cold forging process is substantially performed. Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a transmission gear in which a transmission gear portion and a clutch gear portion are integrated. Another object of the present invention is to provide a speed change gear that keeps the strength of the gear by leaving a fiber structure called metal flow by forging in the tooth profile by omitting machining, and simplifies the manufacturing process. There is to do.

近年では鍛造技術の進歩により全ての形状の歯車を冷間鍛造により成形し、機械加工を省くことが可能となってきた。そこで、本発明者等は、冷間鍛造により形成されたメタルフローをそのまま生かすことに着目し、冷間鍛造後の機械加工を省いて歯車を試作したところ耐久性に優れるといいう知見を得た。本発明の変速用歯車はかかる知見を基に具現化したもので、請求項１の発明は、円板状の底板とこの底板から立設、一体化された円環状の歯車部とから構成され、この円環状の歯車部は外周のクラッチ用歯車部と内周の変速用歯車部とから構成され、前記クラッチ用歯車部は軸線に平行なスプライン歯車からなり、かつ、前記変速用歯車部はスパー歯車又はヘリカル歯車からなり、前記歯車部は、夫々冷間鍛造により形成されるとともに、前記歯車部は、前記円板状の底板に対して冷間鍛造により一体化立設され、かつ、夫々の前記歯車の歯形内に鍛流線を繊維組織状に形成した変速用歯車であって、前記円板状の底板は、中心に向かって底上げしたことを特徴とする変速用歯車である。また、請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明の上記特徴に加えて、前記内周の変速用歯車部の根元において、前記円板状の底板の全周に亘って凹んだ逃げ部を設ける請求項１記載の変速用歯車である。
In recent years, with the advance of forging technology, it has become possible to form gears of all shapes by cold forging and omit machining. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention focused on using the metal flow formed by cold forging as it is, and obtained the knowledge that when the gear was prototyped without machining after cold forging, it was excellent in durability. . The speed change gear of the present invention is embodied based on such knowledge, and the invention of claim 1 is composed of a disc-shaped bottom plate and an annular gear portion standing and integrated from the bottom plate. The annular gear portion is composed of an outer clutch gear portion and an inner speed gear portion, the clutch gear portion is a spline gear parallel to the axis, and the speed gear portion is The spur gear or the helical gear is formed by cold forging, and the gear portions are integrally erected by cold forging with respect to the disc-shaped bottom plate, and A gear for shifting, in which forged lines are formed in a fiber structure in the tooth profile of the gear , wherein the disk-shaped bottom plate is raised toward the center . According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above feature of the first aspect of the present invention, a relief portion that is recessed over the entire circumference of the disc-shaped bottom plate is formed at the base of the inner peripheral transmission gear portion. The speed change gear according to claim 1.

本発明によれば、変速用歯車部及びクラッチ歯車部を、冷間鍛造により一体化成形することが可能となるため、欠肉等の成形欠陥の発生を防止して歯形精度が向上するとともに以下の作用効果を奏するものである。 変速用歯車部及びクラッチ歯車部を冷間鍛造により一体化成形することにより、機械加工を施す必要がないので歯形内のメタルフローが切断されることなくそのまま保持されるので、歯車の強度が向上するとともに、機械加工による製造コストの上昇を回避し、変速用歯車の製造コストを低廉に抑えることができる。即ち、円柱状素材から一気に冷間鍛造のみにより変速用歯車部とクラッチ歯車部とを備えた変速用歯車を成形することができるため、加工工数の大幅な削減によりコストダウンを図ることができ、更に金型の摩耗の少ない冷間鍛造を基本としていることから、金型そのものの寿命も長くなって耐久性が向上し、コストダウン効果が一段と顕著になる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to integrally form the transmission gear portion and the clutch gear portion by cold forging. Therefore, the occurrence of molding defects such as lacking is prevented, and the tooth profile accuracy is improved. The effect of this is achieved. By integrally forming the gear section for transmission and the clutch gear section by cold forging, it is not necessary to perform machining, so the metal flow in the tooth profile is maintained without being cut, so the strength of the gear is improved. In addition, an increase in manufacturing cost due to machining can be avoided, and the manufacturing cost of the transmission gear can be kept low. That is, since it is possible to form a transmission gear provided with a transmission gear portion and a clutch gear portion from a cylindrical material by cold forging at a stretch, it is possible to reduce costs by greatly reducing the number of processing steps, Further, since the cold forging with less wear of the mold is fundamental, the life of the mold itself is extended, the durability is improved, and the cost reduction effect becomes more remarkable.

本発明の実施の形態を、添付図面に例示した本発明の実施例に基づいて以下に具体的に説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below based on the embodiments of the present invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

先ず、本発明の実施例１について、図１〜図５を参照しながら説明する。図１は、本発明の実施例を示すもので、変速用歯車の製造過程を示す工程図である。図２は、同上、円環状の変速用歯車の断面図である。図３は、同上、変速用歯車部の製造に係る好ましい実施の形態を示す説明図である。図４は、同上、他の実施例による円環状の変速用歯車の断面図である。図５は、同上、冷間鍛造におけるメタルフローを示す説明図である。 First, Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention and is a process diagram showing a manufacturing process of a transmission gear. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an annular transmission gear. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a preferred embodiment according to the manufacture of the gear portion for transmission. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an annular transmission gear according to another embodiment. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a metal flow in the cold forging.

本発明の変速用歯車の成形方法を、図２に示す円環状の変速用歯車を成形する実施の態様について、図１の工程図を用いて説明する。先ず、製造する変速用歯車に適した断面丸棒素材から、行程（１）のように所定の軸長に鋸で切断し、以降の冷間鍛造がやり易い円板状の素材Ｗ１を得る。この場合、素材の材質として変速用歯車に適した鋼材、例えば、ＳＣ鋼、ＳＣＭ鋼、ＳＮＣ鋼、ＳＮＣＭ鋼、ＳＣＲ鋼等を使用することができる。 A method of forming the transmission gear according to the present invention will be described with reference to the process diagram of FIG. 1 with respect to an embodiment of forming the annular transmission gear shown in FIG. First, from a round bar material suitable for a transmission gear to be manufactured, a saw-shaped material W1 is obtained by performing sawing to a predetermined axial length as shown in the step (1) by a saw. In this case, the steel material suitable for the gear for gear change, for example, SC steel, SCM steel, SNC steel, SNCM steel, SCR steel, etc. can be used.

以降の工程で、クラッチ用歯車部に軸線に平行なスプライン歯車を、変速用歯車部に軸線に平行なスパー歯車を夫々成形することによりクラッチ用歯車部と変速用歯車部とを一体化した製品を得る。行程の全ての冷間鍛造工程では、特に限定されるものではないが、冷間鍛造を円滑に行うために、二硫化モリブデン系潤滑剤等による潤滑処理を施す。行程（２）に示すように冷間鍛造により凹ませた円形状の窪み２と底板３を備える椀形状の素材Ｗ２を得て、次に行程（３）に示すように底板３の中心部を貫通する孔４を冷間鍛造により穿孔した素材Ｗ３を得る。次いで行程（４）に示すように外周下方の部位を、円環状の下型Ｐ１によって矢印方向に冷間鍛造することによって全円周に亘って凹んだ切欠き部Ｅを形成する。ここで、切欠き部Ｅを形成することにより、後述する外周部の歯切りがやり易くなり、このようにして素材Ｗ４が得られる。以上の行程を経てクラッチ用歯車部と変速用歯車部とを成形する前の素材が得られる。 In the subsequent processes, the clutch gear part and the transmission gear part are integrated by forming a spline gear parallel to the axis in the clutch gear part and a spur gear parallel to the axis in the transmission gear part. Get. In all the cold forging processes in the process, although not particularly limited, a lubrication treatment with a molybdenum disulfide-based lubricant or the like is performed in order to perform cold forging smoothly. As shown in step (2), a bowl-shaped material W2 having a circular recess 2 and a bottom plate 3 recessed by cold forging is obtained. Next, as shown in step (3), the center portion of the bottom plate 3 is A material W3 is obtained in which the through-hole 4 is drilled by cold forging. Next, as shown in step (4), a notched portion E that is recessed over the entire circumference is formed by cold forging the lower portion of the outer circumference in the direction of the arrow with the annular lower die P1. Here, by forming the notch portion E, it becomes easy to perform gear cutting of the outer peripheral portion described later, and thus the material W4 is obtained. Through the above process, a material before molding the clutch gear part and the transmission gear part is obtained.

以下、クラッチ用歯車部と変速用歯車部とを冷間鍛造により成形する工程に移る。行程（５）に示すように素材の下方からスプライン歯形を備える下型Ｐ２を上昇させることによって、クラッチ用歯車部となる断面形状が角歯形のスプライン歯車５が全外周に亘って軸線に平行に形成され、素材Ｗ５が得られる。ここで、円環状の下型Ｐ２は、内周面にスプライン歯車５に対応する断面角歯形の歯型Ｔ２を備えている。次に行程（６）に示すようにこの素材Ｗ５を軟化させるために適した温度で焼準熱処理Ｎを施す。次に、この熱処理済の椀形状の素材を上下逆にセットして環状部の内周面に変速用歯車部を形成する。行程（７）に示すように、下型Ｐ３を上昇させることによって窪み２の全内周に亘って軸線に平行なスパー歯車６が変速用歯車として形成される。ここで、下型Ｐ３は、外周にスパー歯車６対応するスパー歯形の歯型Ｔ３を備えている。このような行程を経てクラッチ用歯車部と変速用歯車部とを冷間鍛造により一体に成形した製品Ｗが得られる。なお、行程（４）、（５）及び（７）については、簡単のため素材を上方及び周方から支持する上型又はダイ型の説明を省略した。 Hereinafter, the process proceeds to a process of forming the clutch gear portion and the transmission gear portion by cold forging. As shown in step (5), by raising the lower die P2 having spline teeth from the lower side of the material, the spline gear 5 having a square tooth cross-sectional shape as the clutch gear portion is parallel to the axis over the entire outer periphery. The material W5 is obtained. Here, the annular lower mold P2 includes a tooth mold T2 having a square tooth profile corresponding to the spline gear 5 on the inner peripheral surface. Next, as shown in step (6), a normalizing heat treatment N is performed at a temperature suitable for softening the material W5. Next, the heat-treated bowl-shaped material is set upside down to form a transmission gear portion on the inner peripheral surface of the annular portion. As shown in step (7), by raising the lower mold P3, a spur gear 6 parallel to the axis is formed as a transmission gear over the entire inner circumference of the recess 2. Here, the lower mold P3 includes a spur tooth pattern T3 corresponding to the spur gear 6 on the outer periphery. Through this process, a product W is obtained in which the clutch gear portion and the transmission gear portion are integrally formed by cold forging. In addition, about process (4), (5), and (7), the description of the upper type | mold or die type | mold which supports a raw material from the upper direction and the periphery was abbreviate | omitted for simplicity.

行程（７）において形成された内歯車は、上述した歯形が軸線に平行なスパー歯車の他に捩じれたヘリカル歯車でもよい。図３においてヘリカル歯車を形成する好ましい実施の形態を詳細に説明する。熱処理済の椀形状の素材を上下逆にして環状部の内周にヘリカル歯車を形成する。歯形形成の装置としては、周方から支持するダイ型Ｑの内方にマンドレルＰ４を設け椀形状の素材の窪み２に向ってマンドレルＰ４を上昇させることによって窪み２の全内周に亘って軸線に対して捩じれたヘリカル歯車が形成される。この行程を経て内周の変速用歯車部にヘリカル歯車を形成した製品Ｗが得られる。ここで、マンドレルＰ４の外周面にヘリカル歯形の歯型Ｔ４を備えている。このヘリカル歯車の成形に際し、ヘリカル歯車７が軸線に対して捩じれているので、製品Ｗを取り出すに際してマンドレルＰ４と製品Ｗ相互間で相対的な回転を許容するため、下方のエジェクタＰ５にヘリカル歯車７と噛合するヘリカル歯形の歯型Ｔ５を設け、エジェクタＰ５がヘリカル歯形の歯型Ｔ４に沿って回転、スクリュー運動をしながら昇降するようにし、歯形成形された製品Ｗを強制的に回転させると効率良く取り出すことができる。このようにして図４に示すように内周にヘリカル歯車７を有する円環状の変速用歯車の製品Ｗが得られる。底板３は必要に応じて、中心の孔４に向かって底上げ、変形したものである。内歯車を構成するヘリカル歯車７の根元において、全周に亘って底板３に凹んだ逃げ部８が形成されている。凹んだ逃げ部８を有することにより、図１の工程（７）において、下方から下型Ｐ３を押し上げて内周に内歯車を形成する際に歯形Ｔ３の逃げが形成されるので歯形形成が容易になる。軸線に平行なスパー歯車を形成する場合も同様に、根元には、全周に亘って底板３に凹んだ逃げ部８が形成される。 The internal gear formed in the step (7) may be a helical gear twisted in addition to the spur gear whose tooth profile is parallel to the axis. A preferred embodiment for forming a helical gear in FIG. 3 will be described in detail. A helical gear is formed on the inner periphery of the annular portion by turning the heat-treated bowl-shaped material upside down. As an apparatus for forming a tooth profile, a mandrel P4 is provided on the inner side of a die-type Q supported from the periphery, and the mandrel P4 is raised toward the recess 2 of the bowl-shaped material, whereby the axis line extends over the entire inner periphery of the recess 2. A helical gear that is twisted with respect to is formed. Through this process, a product W is obtained in which a helical gear is formed on the inner peripheral gear section. Here, a helical tooth profile T4 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel P4. In forming the helical gear, since the helical gear 7 is twisted with respect to the axis, the relative rotation between the mandrel P4 and the product W is allowed when the product W is taken out. It is efficient to provide a helical tooth profile T5 that meshes with the ejector P5 so that the ejector P5 rotates and moves up and down along the helical tooth profile T4, and the tooth-shaped product W is forcibly rotated. Can be taken out well. In this way, as shown in FIG. 4, an annular transmission gear product W having a helical gear 7 on the inner periphery is obtained. If necessary, the bottom plate 3 is raised toward the center hole 4 and deformed. In the root of the helical gear 7 constituting the internal gear, a relief portion 8 that is recessed in the bottom plate 3 is formed over the entire circumference. By having the recessed relief portion 8, in the step (7) of FIG. 1, when the lower die P3 is pushed up from below and the internal gear is formed on the inner periphery, the tooth profile T3 is formed, so the tooth profile can be easily formed. become. Similarly, in the case of forming a spur gear parallel to the axis, a relief portion 8 that is recessed in the bottom plate 3 is formed at the base over the entire circumference.

外のスプライン歯車５の断面形状は上述した角歯形の他、必要に応じてインボリュート歯形を形成することでもよい。 The cross-sectional shape of the outer spline gear 5 may be an involute tooth profile as required, in addition to the above-described square tooth profile.

本発明の変速用歯車は以上のように構成され、次に作用について説明する。本発明における歯形の形成は冷間鍛造による。その結果、冷間鍛造後歯の内部にメタルフローの繊維組織流れが連続して形成される。鍛造成形後機械加工を施すことがないのでメタルフローが切断されることもなく歯形面の耐久力に優れた歯車が得られる。 The speed change gear of the present invention is configured as described above, and the operation will be described next. In the present invention, the tooth profile is formed by cold forging. As a result, a metal flow fiber structure flow is continuously formed inside the teeth after cold forging. Since there is no machining after forging, a gear having excellent tooth profile surface durability can be obtained without cutting the metal flow.

このメタルフローの形成の詳細を図５について説明する。冷間鍛造により形成されたスパー歯車、ヘリカル歯車、スプライン歯車の夫々の歯形内に、メタルフローと称する鍛流線が繊維組織状に形成される。図（ａ）は冷間鍛造における歯形内における鍛流線の分布を模式的に示す。繊維組織の流れである鍛流線Ｆが外周から内に向けて多層に形成されている。一方図（ｂ）では比較のため鍛造後ホブ加工、シェービング加工、あるいは切削その他の機械的加工を行うことによる機械面取りされた場合を模式的に示し、歯形の表面において機械加工面Ｍによって鍛流線Ｆが切断されている。本発明の変速用歯車では冷間鍛造成形のままなので、メタルフローが切断されるようなことがなく歯形面の耐久力に優れる。即ち、鍛造後の機械加工工程を省略することができるので、生産性が高く、かつ、機械強度の高い歯形面が得られる。 Details of the formation of this metal flow will be described with reference to FIG. Forged lines called metal flow are formed in a fiber structure in each tooth profile of the spur gear, the helical gear, and the spline gear formed by cold forging. FIG. 1A schematically shows the distribution of forging lines in the tooth profile in cold forging. A forged stream line F, which is a flow of fiber structure, is formed in multiple layers from the outer periphery toward the inside. On the other hand, for comparison, FIG. (B) schematically shows a case where machine chamfering is performed by hobbing, shaving, cutting, or other mechanical processing after forging. Line F is cut. Since the gear for shifting according to the present invention is still cold forged, the metal flow is not cut and the durability of the tooth profile surface is excellent. That is, since the machining process after forging can be omitted, a tooth profile surface with high productivity and high mechanical strength can be obtained.

冷間鍛造成形のみにより歯形が形成されるので、シェービング、ブローチ、又はホブ切り等の機械加工により鍛造面が削り取られるようなことがなく、内部のメタルフローをそのまま保持して歯車の耐久性を向上させることができる。従って、本発明の歯車は自動車のトランスミッションの用途に限らず工作機械、荷役建設機械、ロボット等の各種の機械装置の用途に勿論適用できる。 Since the tooth profile is formed only by cold forging, the forged surface is not scraped off by machining such as shaving, broaching, or hobbing, and the internal metal flow is maintained and the durability of the gear is maintained. Can be improved. Therefore, the gear of the present invention can be applied not only to the use of automobile transmissions but also to various machine devices such as machine tools, cargo handling construction machines, and robots.

本発明の実施例を示すもので、変速用歯車の製造過程を示す工程図である。FIG. 4 is a process diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of a transmission gear according to an embodiment of the present invention. 同上、変速用歯車の断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the transmission gear. 同上、変速用歯車部の製造に係る好ましい実施の形態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows preferable embodiment which concerns on manufacture of the gearwheel part for transmission same as the above. 同上、他の実施例による変速用歯車の断面図である。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a transmission gear according to another embodiment. 同上、冷間鍛造におけるメタルフローを示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the metal flow in cold forging same as the above. 従来例を示すもので、変速用歯車の断面図である。FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a transmission gear, showing a conventional example. 同上、他の変速用歯車の断面図である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another speed change gear.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

Ｅ 切欠き部
Ｎ 焼準熱処理
Ｆ 鍛流線
Ｍ 機械加工面
Ｐ１、Ｐ２、Ｐ３ 下型
Ｐ４ マンドレル
Ｐ５ エジェクタ
Ｑ ダイ型
Ｔ２、Ｔ３、Ｔ４、Ｔ５ 歯型
Ｗ、Ｗ０ 製品
Ｗ１、Ｗ２、Ｗ３、Ｗ４、Ｗ５ 素材
１ 歯車本体
２ 窪み
３ 底板
４ 孔
５ スプライン歯車
６ スパー歯車
７ ヘリカル歯車
８ 逃げ部
９ 溶接部
１０ スナップリング E Notch N Normalizing heat treatment F Forging line M Machined surface P1, P2, P3 Lower mold P4 Mandrel P5 Ejector Q Die mold T2, T3, T4, T5 Tooth mold W, W0 Product W1, W2, W3, W4 , W5 Material 1 Gear body 2 Recess 3 Bottom plate 4 Hole 5 Spline gear 6 Spur gear 7 Helical gear 8 Escape portion 9 Welded portion 10 Snap ring

Claims (2)

円板状の底板とこの底板から立設、一体化された円環状の歯車部とから構成され、
この円環状の歯車部は外周のクラッチ用歯車部と内周の変速用歯車部とから構成され、
前記クラッチ用歯車部は軸線に平行なスプライン歯車からなり、
かつ、前記変速用歯車部はスパー歯車又はヘリカル歯車からなり、
前記歯車部は、夫々冷間鍛造により形成されるとともに、
前記歯車部は、前記円板状の底板に対して冷間鍛造により一体化立設され、
かつ、夫々の前記歯車の歯形内に鍛流線を繊維組織状に形成した変速用歯車であって、
前記円板状の底板は、中心に向かって底上げしたことを特徴とする変速用歯車。 Consists of a disc-shaped bottom plate and an annular gear unit that is erected and integrated from the bottom plate ,
This annular gear portion is composed of an outer clutch gear portion and an inner transmission gear portion,
The clutch gear is a spline gear parallel to the axis,
And, the gear portion for transmission consists of a spur gear or a helical gear,
Each of the gear portions is formed by cold forging,
The gear part is erected integrally with the disk-shaped bottom plate by cold forging,
And, a gear for shifting, in which a forged line is formed in a fiber structure in the tooth profile of each gear ,
The speed change gear, wherein the disk-shaped bottom plate is raised toward the center . 前記内周の変速用歯車部の根元において、
前記円板状の底板の全周に亘って凹んだ逃げ部を設けることを特徴とする請求項１記載の変速用歯車。 At the root of the inner peripheral gear section,
The speed change gear according to claim 1, wherein a relief portion that is recessed over the entire circumference of the disk-shaped bottom plate is provided.
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JP5995629B2 (en) * 2012-09-27 2016-09-21 大岡技研株式会社 Gear with flange
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CN103307229A (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-18 江苏赫夫特齿轮制造有限公司 Annular gear structure
DE102015219855A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-04-13 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ring gear with internal toothing and crown toothing, as well as method for its production and manual transmission with such ring gear
JP6711066B2 (en) * 2016-03-28 2020-06-17 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Robot, gear device, and method for manufacturing flexible gear
CN110645284B (en) * 2019-10-11 2021-07-09 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 Forming mandrel for automatic transmission clutch gear hub

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JPH01215429A (en) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-29 Honda Motor Co Ltd Manufacture of large diameter bottomed internal tooth profile member
JPH049243A (en) * 1990-04-27 1992-01-14 Kubota Tekkosho:Kk Production of rotating body
JP3830334B2 (en) * 2000-06-16 2006-10-04 アイダエンジニアリング株式会社 Mold for internal helical gear for transmission
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