JP5109581B2 - Water drainage structure for preventing backflow of irrigation structures - Google Patents

Water drainage structure for preventing backflow of irrigation structures Download PDF

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JP5109581B2
JP5109581B2 JP2007280444A JP2007280444A JP5109581B2 JP 5109581 B2 JP5109581 B2 JP 5109581B2 JP 2007280444 A JP2007280444 A JP 2007280444A JP 2007280444 A JP2007280444 A JP 2007280444A JP 5109581 B2 JP5109581 B2 JP 5109581B2
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water
sheet
drainage
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pressure
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JP2009108547A (en
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晋 増川
勝 渡嘉敷
充広 森
哲郎 中矢
晃 高橋
暁郎 石神
智丈 加藤
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Sho Bond Corp
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Sho Bond Corp
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本発明は、貯水池や水路などの水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a structure for draining water from preventing backflow of water structures such as reservoirs and waterways.

一般に、水利構造物の地盤側に湧水が生じたり地下水位が高くなると、浸透水や浸透流により揚圧力の発生や洗掘作用で構造物に亀裂が生じたり不等沈下や浮上を招くことがある。このため、従来から地下水など地盤側の水をウィープホール（水抜き逆止弁）を通じて水路に放出し、構造物の亀裂や浮上を防ぐようにしている。例えば、このような水抜き用逆流防止弁として、上部が構造物に開口し、下部に地盤の透水層に連通する有孔管を備えた筒体に球状フロートを浮き上がり自在に収容し、球状フロートの上方に浮き上がり時着座して連通を遮断するパッキンを備えた排水装置が提案されている。この排水装置では、雨水が少ない場合、流入した水を筒体から透水層に逃がし、地下水位が上昇すると、球状フロートを押し上げて連通を遮断し、地下水が逆流するのを阻止するようにしている（特許文献１参照）。   In general, when spring water is generated on the ground side of a irrigation structure or the groundwater level is high, the structure is cracked by osmotic water or osmotic flow, and the structure is cracked, resulting in uneven settlement and levitation. There is. For this reason, conventionally, ground-side water such as groundwater is discharged to the water channel through a weep hole (drain check valve) to prevent cracking and floating of the structure. For example, as such a backflow prevention valve for drainage, a spherical float is floatably accommodated in a cylindrical body having a perforated pipe having an upper portion opened to a structure and a lower portion communicating with a water permeable layer of the ground. There has been proposed a drainage device provided with a packing that sits when it floats above and blocks communication. In this drainage device, when there is little rainwater, the inflowing water is released from the cylinder to the permeable layer, and when the groundwater level rises, the spherical float is pushed up to cut off the communication and prevent the groundwater from flowing backward. (See Patent Document 1).

しかしながら、この従来の装置では、地下水位上昇の際、構造物の浮上を招く虞がある。このため、このような課題を解決するため、コンクリート構造物の表層壁を貫通させた水抜き構造が提案されている。この水抜き構造は、水抜きパイプを表層壁に埋め込み端部を表層壁に露出させ、集水シートの切り抜き穴を水抜きパイプの露出端に合致させて、蓋体で集水シートの切り抜き穴を閉塞し、支持軸に形成された係止翼を水抜きパイプの内壁に係止して固定させるようにしている。このような水抜き構造とすることにより、パイプ径にばらつきがあってもワンタッチで装着でき、水抜きパイプの開口端を蓋体で閉塞して砂礫の進入を阻止し、蓋体の全周から集水された水が水抜きパイプ内へ流出されるようになっている。（特許文献２参照）。また、裏込め土側からの水流に対しては開放し、水路または河川側からの水流に対しては閉鎖するようにしたカートリッジ式ウィープホールが知られている。このウィープホールは、外管、内管および本体から構成される多重管体の開口端を水路側に臨ませ、水抜き孔が穿設された水抜き部を裏込め土側に配し、内部に逆流防止弁を取り付けるようにしている（特許文献３参照）。   However, with this conventional apparatus, there is a risk that the structure will rise when the groundwater level rises. For this reason, in order to solve such a subject, the drainage structure which penetrated the surface layer wall of the concrete structure is proposed. In this drainage structure, the drainage pipe is embedded in the surface layer wall, the end is exposed on the surface layer wall, the cutout hole of the drainage sheet is aligned with the exposed end of the drainage pipe, and the drainage sheet cutout hole is formed with the lid. The locking wing formed on the support shaft is locked and fixed to the inner wall of the drain pipe. By adopting such a drainage structure, even if there are variations in pipe diameter, it can be installed with one touch, and the opening end of the drainage pipe is blocked with a lid to prevent gravel from entering, and from the entire circumference of the lid The collected water flows out into the drain pipe. (See Patent Document 2). Further, a cartridge type weep hole is known that is open to the water flow from the backfill soil side and closed to the water flow from the water channel or river side. This weep hole has an open end of a multi-tubular body composed of an outer tube, an inner tube and a main body facing the water channel side, and a water draining part with a water draining hole is arranged on the backfill soil side. Is attached with a check valve (see Patent Document 3).

特許第３１７１３３１号公報（第３−４頁、図１）Japanese Patent No. 3171331 (page 3-4, FIG. 1) 特許第２７０９４４６号公報（第３−４頁、図１）Japanese Patent No. 2709446 (page 3-4, FIG. 1) 特開２００６−１６８６２号公報（第４頁、図５）Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2006-16862 (page 4, FIG. 5)

しかしながら、上記特許文献１に係る排水装置では、球状フロートとパッキンとの間に異物が混入すると遮水性を確保できないという問題がある。また上記特許文献２および３に係る水抜き構造では、水利構造物内面の平坦性を保つ上で、内面に蓋体による凸状部分の出現が避けられず、この故に構造物内面に生じる凸状部分が障害物となり、凸状部分の背後に後流渦が生じ、集水シートの摩耗を促進させたり、ごみ等の浮遊物が付着し、付着した浮遊物の塊が通水を阻害する虞がある。水利構造物内面の平坦性を確保するため、凸状部分を構造物の躯体内や地盤内部に収めようとすると、掘削等の作業が必要となり、コスト増を招くだけでなく、施工も煩雑になるという問題がある。   However, the drainage device according to Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it cannot secure water shielding properties when foreign matter is mixed between the spherical float and the packing. Further, in the drainage structure according to Patent Documents 2 and 3, in order to maintain the flatness of the inner surface of the irrigation structure, the appearance of the convex portion due to the lid is inevitable on the inner surface, and thus the convex shape generated on the inner surface of the structure. The part becomes an obstacle, and a wake vortex is generated behind the convex part, which promotes the wear of the water collecting sheet, or the floating substance such as dust adheres, and the lump of the attached floating substance may impede the water flow. There is. To secure the flatness of the inner surface of the irrigation structure, if the convex part is stored in the structure body or the ground, work such as excavation is required, which not only increases the cost but also makes the construction complicated. There is a problem of becoming.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、簡素な構成で、構造物側から外部への漏水を確実に遮断する一方、構造物外側の水を速やかに構造物内部に導くことができ、しかも、施工効率が良好でかつ目詰まりが生じにくい水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造を得ることを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and with a simple configuration, water leakage from the structure side to the outside is reliably blocked, while water outside the structure is promptly introduced into the structure. In addition, an object of the present invention is to obtain a drainage structure for preventing backflow of a water-use structure that has good construction efficiency and is less likely to be clogged.

本発明の請求項１に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、水利構造物外側への漏水を阻止し水利構造物外側から内側への排水を許容する水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造であって、柔軟性を有する遮水シートを、水利構造物表面に構造物の漏水部を覆い隠して敷設し、この遮水シートを、その外縁の一部が構造物側に密着される密着部と、遮水シート表裏側間の水圧の差により構造物表面側に接離自在に載置され排水口を形成可能な開閉部とを備えて構成するとともに、上記排水口に対応する構造物表面には、平滑部を設け、構造物外側の水圧が高圧の際、開閉部を開放して遮水シート裏側の水を排水し、平滑部には、開閉部に対応する部位に遮水性シートからなる着座部材を設け、着座部材は、平滑部より外側に延長され、着座部材表裏間の水圧の差により構造物表面から接離し、着座部材裏側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面から離れて構造物側に水を排水し、着座部材表側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面に載置される着座部材開閉部を有することを特徴とするものである。 The drainage structure for preventing backflow of a water structure according to claim 1 of the present invention is a drainage structure for preventing backflow of a water structure that prevents water leakage to the outside of the water structure and allows drainage from the outside to the inside of the water structure. In this case, a water-proof sheet having flexibility is laid on the surface of the irrigation structure so as to cover and hide the water leakage portion of the structure, and the water-blocking sheet is in close contact with a part of its outer edge closely attached to the structure side. And an opening / closing part that is slidably mounted on the surface side of the structure due to a difference in water pressure between the front and back sides of the water-impervious sheet and is capable of forming a drain port, and a structure corresponding to the drain port A smooth part is provided on the surface, and when the water pressure outside the structure is high, the opening and closing part is opened to drain the water behind the water shielding sheet, and the smoothing part has a water shielding sheet at the site corresponding to the opening and closing part. A seating member comprising: a seating member extending outward from the smooth portion; When the water pressure on the back side of the seating member increases, the water separates from the surface of the structure and drains water to the structure side, and when the water pressure on the front side of the seating member increases, it is placed on the surface of the structure. It has a seating member opening / closing part to be operated .

本発明の請求項１に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、水利構造物外側への漏水を阻止し水利構造物外側から内側への排水を許容する水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造であって、柔軟性を有する遮水シートを、水利構造物表面に構造物の漏水部を覆い隠して敷設し、この遮水シートを、その外縁の一部が構造物側に密着される密着部と、遮水シート表裏側間の水圧の差により構造物表面側に接離自在に載置され排水口を形成可能な開閉部とを備えて構成するとともに、上記排水口に対応する構造物表面には、平滑部を設け、構造物外側の水圧が高圧の際、開閉部を開放して遮水シート裏側の水を排水し、平滑部には、開閉部に対応する部位に遮水性シートからなる着座部材を設け、着座部材は、平滑部より外側に延長され、着座部材表裏間の水圧の差により構造物表面から接離し、着座部材裏側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面から離れて構造物側に水を排水し、着座部材表側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面に載置される着座部材開閉部を有するようにしたことにより、遮水シート表側の水圧、すなわち、構造物内の水圧が、遮水シート裏側の水圧、すなわち、構造物外側の水圧より高いと、構造物内の水圧は遮水シートの開閉部を構造物表面と平滑部とに押し付けて重ね、面接触させる。このため、遮水シートで覆われた構造物に漏水箇所があっても、構造物内の水は構造物から外部に漏れることがない。他方、構造物内の水圧が、遮水シート裏側の水圧より低い、すなわち、構造物の漏水箇所の水圧が構造物内の水圧より高いと、構造物外側の水圧は遮水シートの裏面に作用して遮水シートの開閉部開放端を平滑部から押し上げ、開閉部開放端は平滑部から離れ、排水口が形成される。この排水口を通じて、漏水箇所の高圧の水は遮水シートの表側、すなわち、構造物内部に向かって排出される。遮水シート表裏側の水圧差が失われると、遮水シートの開閉部は浮力を引いた自重により構造物表面と平滑部とに再び載置され漏水箇所を塞ぐ。こうして、遮水シートは、構造物側から外部への漏水を確実に遮断する一方、構造物外側の水圧が高くなると、その水を構造物内部に排出する逆止弁の働きを果たす。また、構造物表面に土砂等の異物が堆積しても、開閉部が開いて構造物外側から内側に水が排出されるたびに押し流されるので、構造物表面と平坦部とは平滑さが保持され、開閉部が閉じると、開閉部の開放端は平滑部に確実に密接される。たとえ、土砂等の異物が構造物表面に残っても、遮水シートの開放端部は上側から水圧を受けて平滑部上で異物を覆い塞ぎ、他の面が構造物表面に押し付けられて遮水シート表裏側間の連通を断つので、漏水を確実に遮断する。また、平滑部には、開閉部に対応する部位に遮水性シートからなる着座部材を設けたことにより、開閉部が閉じる際、シート状のもの同士が重なって面接触されるので、遮断性能が向上する。さらに、着座部材は、平滑部より外側に延長され、着座部材表裏間の水圧の差により構造物表面から接離し、着座部材裏側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面から離れて構造物側に水を排水し、着座部材表側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面に載置される着座部材開閉部を有するようにしたことにより、構造物側から外部への漏水を遮断する面積を増大させるとともに、構造物外側から構造物表面を通じて漏水箇所を覆う面積を増大させる。 In the drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure according to claim 1 of the present invention, the drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure that prevents water leakage to the outside of the irrigation structure and allows drainage from the outside of the irrigation structure to the inside. In this case, a water-proof sheet having flexibility is laid on the surface of the irrigation structure so as to cover and hide the water leakage portion of the structure, and the water-blocking sheet is in close contact with a part of its outer edge closely attached to the structure side. And an opening / closing part that is slidably mounted on the surface side of the structure due to a difference in water pressure between the front and back sides of the water-impervious sheet and is capable of forming a drain port, and a structure corresponding to the drain port A smooth part is provided on the surface, and when the water pressure outside the structure is high, the opening and closing part is opened to drain the water behind the water shielding sheet, and the smoothing part has a water shielding sheet at the site corresponding to the opening and closing part. A seating member comprising: a seating member extending outward from the smooth portion; When the water pressure on the back of the seating member rises due to the difference in water pressure between the back and the water pressure on the back side of the seating member increases, the water moves away from the surface of the structure and drains to the structure side. By having a seating member opening / closing part to be placed , the water pressure on the front side of the water shielding sheet, i.e., the water pressure in the structure is higher than the water pressure on the back side of the water shielding sheet, i.e., the water pressure outside the structure. The water pressure in the object presses the opening / closing part of the water-impervious sheet against the surface of the structure and the smooth part, and makes the surface contact. For this reason, even if the structure covered with the water-impervious sheet has a water leakage location, the water in the structure does not leak from the structure to the outside. On the other hand, when the water pressure in the structure is lower than the water pressure on the back side of the impermeable sheet, that is, when the water pressure at the leakage point of the structure is higher than the water pressure in the structure, the water pressure outside the structure acts on the back surface of the impermeable sheet. Then, the open / close part open end of the water-impervious sheet is pushed up from the smooth part, and the open / close part open end is separated from the smooth part to form a drain port. Through this drainage outlet, the high-pressure water at the leakage point is discharged toward the front side of the water shielding sheet, that is, toward the inside of the structure. When the water pressure difference between the front and back sides of the water-impervious sheet is lost, the opening / closing part of the water-impervious sheet is placed again on the surface of the structure and the smooth part by its own weight with reduced buoyancy to block the water leakage point. Thus, the water shielding sheet reliably blocks water leakage from the structure side to the outside, and functions as a check valve that discharges the water into the structure when the water pressure on the outside of the structure increases. Even if foreign matter such as earth and sand accumulates on the surface of the structure, the opening and closing part opens and is washed away whenever water is discharged from the outside of the structure to the inside, so the structure surface and the flat part remain smooth. When the opening / closing part is closed, the open end of the opening / closing part is securely brought into close contact with the smooth part. Even if foreign matter such as earth and sand remains on the surface of the structure, the open end of the water shielding sheet receives water pressure from the upper side to cover and close the foreign matter on the smooth part, and the other surface is pressed against the surface of the structure. Since the communication between the water sheet front and back sides is cut off, water leakage is reliably blocked. In addition, by providing a seating member made of a water-impervious sheet at the portion corresponding to the opening / closing portion, the smooth portion has a blocking performance because when the opening / closing portion is closed, the sheet-like objects overlap each other and come into surface contact. improves. Furthermore, the seating member is extended outward from the smooth portion, and is brought into contact with and separated from the structure surface due to a difference in water pressure between the seating member front and back surfaces. By draining and having a seating member opening / closing part that is placed on the surface of the structure when the water pressure on the front side of the seating member increases, the area for blocking water leakage from the structure side to the outside is increased, and the structure Increase the area that covers the leak point from the outside through the surface of the structure.

本発明の請求項２に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、着座部材には開口を形成するとともに、この着座部材の一部を開閉部裏面と接続して一体動させることを特徴とするものである。 Backflow preventing draining structure of irrigation structure according to claim 2 of the present invention is to form an opening in the seating member, characterized in that integrally moving a portion of the seat member connected to the switching unit back surface It is what.

本発明の請求項２に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、着座部材には開口を形成するとともに、この着座部材の一部を開閉部裏面と接続して一体動させるようにしたことにより、開閉部が閉じる際、平滑部に接触する面積を増大させ、漏水遮断性能を向上させる。 The backflow preventing draining structure of irrigation structure according to claim 2 of the present invention, so as to form an opening in the seat member, and so as to integrally moving a portion of the seat member connected to the switching unit back surface Thus, when the opening / closing part is closed, the area in contact with the smooth part is increased, and the water leakage blocking performance is improved.

本発明の請求項３に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、開閉部表側面を、水抵抗が増大する粗面に形成したことを特徴とするものである。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, the drainage structure for preventing backflow of a water conserving structure is characterized in that the open / close portion front surface is formed into a rough surface with increased water resistance.

本発明の請求項３に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、開閉部表側面を、水抵抗が増大する粗面に形成したことにより、開閉部は水抵抗が増大し開きにくくなるので排水圧を大きく設定することができる。 In the water drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure according to claim 3 of the present invention, the opening and closing part has a rough surface with increased water resistance, so that the opening and closing part has increased water resistance and is difficult to open. The drain pressure can be set large.

本発明の請求項１に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、水利構造物外側への漏水を阻止し水利構造物外側から内側への排水を許容する水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造であって、柔軟性を有する遮水シートを、水利構造物表面に構造物の漏水部を覆い隠して敷設し、この遮水シートを、その外縁の一部が構造物側に密着される密着部と、遮水シート表裏側間の水圧の差により構造物表面側に接離自在に載置され排水口を形成可能な開閉部とを備えて構成するとともに、上記排水口に対応する構造物表面には、平滑部を設け、構造物外側の水圧が高圧の際、開閉部を開放して遮水シート裏側の水を排水し、平滑部には、開閉部に対応する部位に遮水性シートからなる着座部材を設け、着座部材は、平滑部より外側に延長され、着座部材表裏間の水圧の差により構造物表面から接離し、着座部材裏側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面から離れて構造物側に水を排水し、着座部材表側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面に載置される着座部材開閉部を有するようにしたので、簡素な施工で、構造物側から外部への漏水を確実に遮断する一方、構造物外側の水を速やかに構造物内部に導いて排水効率を向上させることができる。さらに、構造物の表面形状をほぼそのまま保持できるので水理機能を損なうことなく通水性能を確保することができる。目詰まりを起こすことがないので、メンテナンスのコストを削減することができる。 In the drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure according to claim 1 of the present invention, the drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure that prevents water leakage to the outside of the irrigation structure and allows drainage from the outside of the irrigation structure to the inside. In this case, a water-proof sheet having flexibility is laid on the surface of the irrigation structure so as to cover and hide the water leakage portion of the structure, and the water-blocking sheet is in close contact with a part of its outer edge closely attached to the structure side. And an opening / closing part that is slidably mounted on the surface side of the structure due to a difference in water pressure between the front and back sides of the water-impervious sheet and is capable of forming a drain port, and a structure corresponding to the drain port A smooth part is provided on the surface, and when the water pressure outside the structure is high, the opening and closing part is opened to drain the water behind the water shielding sheet, and the smoothing part has a water shielding sheet at the site corresponding to the opening and closing part. A seating member comprising: a seating member extending outward from the smooth portion; When the water pressure on the back of the seating member rises due to the difference in water pressure between the back and the water pressure on the back side of the seating member increases, the water moves away from the surface of the structure and drains to the structure side. since so as to have a seat member closing part which is location, a simple construction, while reliably blocking the leakage to the outside from the structure side, the water structure outside guided inside quickly construct drainage Efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, since the surface shape of the structure can be maintained almost as it is, the water flow performance can be ensured without impairing the hydraulic function. Since clogging does not occur, maintenance costs can be reduced.

構造物側から外部への漏水を確実に遮断し、かつ、構造物外側の水位上昇時、水を内部に効率的に排水するという目的を、柔軟性を有する遮水シートを、水利構造物表面に構造物の漏水部を覆い隠して敷設するとともに、この遮水シートを、その外縁の一部が構造物側に密着される密着部と、遮水シート表裏側間の水圧の差により構造物表面に接離自在に載置され、漏水部側の高圧時、排水口を形成する開閉部とを備えて構成し、排水口に対応する構造物表面側には、開閉部が載置される平滑部を設けたことにより実現した。   For the purpose of reliably blocking water leakage from the structure side to the outside and efficiently draining water to the inside when the water level rises outside the structure, a flexible water shielding sheet is used to In addition to covering and laying the water leaking part of the structure, the water shielding sheet is structured by the difference in water pressure between the close part where the outer edge is in close contact with the structure side and the water shielding sheet front and back sides. It is mounted on the surface so as to be freely contacted and separated, and is configured to include an opening / closing part that forms a drainage port at the time of high pressure on the water leakage part side, and the opening / closing part is placed on the surface side of the structure corresponding to the drainage port Realized by providing a smoothing section.

以下、図面に示す各実施例により本発明を説明する。図１は、本発明の第１の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造を示す一部破断斜視図、図２の（Ａ）、（Ｂ）はそれぞれ、逆流防止水抜き構造の遮水時と排水時の状態を示す要部の断面図である。本発明の第１の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、図１に示すように、コンクリート製の水路（水利構造物）２と、この水路２の一部、例えば、摩耗や浸食など経年劣化により躯体に漏水箇所が生じた底部２Ａまたは壁部２Ｂを覆って設けられる遮水シート３とを備えて構成される。水路２は底部２Ａとその底部から立ち上がる壁部２Ｂ、２Ｂとを備えて構成される。底部２Ａは、コンクリート製水路床であってもよいし、地盤が露出した地盤面であってもよい。遮水シート３は、構造物２内の水が外部へ漏出するのを防止するようになっている。遮水シート３は、１〜２mmの厚さを有する柔軟性を備えた可撓性シートで、予め設計寸法に基づいて外縁がカットされ、漏水箇所が生じた底部または壁部に対してその周囲に広がって漏水箇所を覆い隠すように敷設される。設計寸法でカットされた遮水シート３は、例えば、図１に示すように、底部２Ａに敷設される。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to each embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing a backflow prevention drainage structure for an irrigation structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2A and 2B show a backflow prevention drainage structure, respectively. It is sectional drawing of the principal part which shows the state at the time of water shielding and the time of drainage. As shown in FIG. 1, the drainage structure for preventing backflow of a water structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a concrete water channel (water structure) 2 and a part of the water channel 2, for example, wear. And a water-impervious sheet 3 provided to cover the bottom 2A or the wall 2B where water leakage occurs in the housing due to aging or aging. The water channel 2 includes a bottom portion 2A and wall portions 2B and 2B rising from the bottom portion. The bottom 2A may be a concrete aqueduct or a ground surface where the ground is exposed. The water shielding sheet 3 prevents the water in the structure 2 from leaking to the outside. The water-impervious sheet 3 is a flexible sheet having a thickness of 1 to 2 mm. The outer edge of the sheet is cut in advance based on the design dimensions, and the periphery of the bottom or wall where a water leak occurs is generated. It is laid so that it spreads over and covers the leak point. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the water shielding sheet 3 cut to the design dimension is laid on the bottom 2 </ b> A.

この遮水シート３は、水路底部２Ａの形状に沿って、水路壁部２Ｂ、２Ｂ間に、漏水箇所に応じて所定の流れ方向長さＬ１で敷設される。水路２が直線状の場合、遮水シート３は、幅Ｗ１と長さＬ１の寸法を有する矩形状となっている（水路底面における水路壁部２Ｂ、２Ｂ間の距離をＤ１とすると、遮水シートの寸法（Ｗ１≦Ｄ１）×Ｌ１）。遮水シート３には、柔軟性の良好な合成高分子系ルーフィングシートやジオメンブレンなどの樹脂製シート材料などを単独でまたは組み合わせて用いるようにしている。また、遮水シート３は、従来公知のものを使用する。例えば、加硫ゴム系シート、非加硫ゴム系シート、熱可塑性エラストマー系シート、塩化ビニル樹脂系シート、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂系シートなどで、これらを単独でまたは組み合わせて用いるようにしている。このように、遮水シート３には、耐久性の良好な材料を使用するようになっている。   This water-impervious sheet 3 is laid along the shape of the water channel bottom 2A between the water channel walls 2B and 2B with a predetermined flow direction length L1 depending on the location of water leakage. When the water channel 2 is linear, the water-impervious sheet 3 has a rectangular shape having dimensions of a width W1 and a length L1 (the distance between the water channel walls 2B and 2B on the bottom surface of the water channel is D1. Sheet dimensions (W1 ≦ D1) × L1). For the water-impervious sheet 3, a synthetic polymer roofing sheet having good flexibility, a resin sheet material such as a geomembrane, or the like is used alone or in combination. Further, as the water shielding sheet 3, a conventionally known sheet is used. For example, vulcanized rubber-based sheets, non-vulcanized rubber-based sheets, thermoplastic elastomer-based sheets, vinyl chloride resin-based sheets, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin-based sheets, and the like are used alone or in combination. As described above, a material having good durability is used for the water shielding sheet 3.

ところで、矩形状の遮水シート３の外縁は、上流側の外縁４Ａおよび側壁側の外縁４Ｂ、４Ｃが連続してコンクリート製水路２の底部２Ａに密着されるようになっている。これら密着された外縁４Ａ、４Ｂ、４Ｃにより遮水シート３の密着部４を構成している。さらに、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄは接着されず開閉自在になっており、下面が、水路底部２Ａ側に載せられるようになっている。このため、下流側外縁４Ｄは、下側の圧力が高いと押し上げられ、上側の圧力が高いと水路底部２Ａ側に押し付けられるようになっている。この遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄと密着部４で囲まれた内側部分とで、遮水シート３の開閉部８を構成している。この開閉部８は、水路底部２Ａの漏水箇所の水圧Ｐｇｗが、遮水シート３の表側、すなわち、水流ＦＬの流れる側の水圧Ｐｆｌより大きくなると（Ｐｇｗ＞Ｐｆｌ）、その圧力が裏面に作用してその水圧差（Ｐｇｗ−Ｐｆｌ）の力で上方に、つまり、水流ＦＬ側に押し上げられ、下流部外縁４Ｄとともに水路底部２Ａから離れるようになっている。遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄが押し上げられると、下流側外縁４Ｄと水路底部２Ａとの間に隙間が生じ排水口５が形成される。この下流側に向いた排水口５から、水路底部２Ａ側の高圧の水ＧＷが水流中に排出されるようになっている。開閉部８裏側の高圧の水ＧＷが排出され、遮水シート３表側の水流ＦＬ側の水圧Ｐｆｌと差がなくなってくると、開閉部８は、浮力を差し引いた自重により下方に沈み、水路底部２Ａに着座して、遮水シート３の裏側と表側との連通を遮断し、逆止弁の役割を果たすようになっている。   By the way, as for the outer edge of the rectangular water-impervious sheet 3, the outer edge 4A on the upstream side and the outer edges 4B and 4C on the side wall side are continuously in close contact with the bottom 2A of the concrete water channel 2. The closely attached outer edges 4A, 4B, and 4C constitute a close contact portion 4 of the water shielding sheet 3. Further, the downstream outer edge 4D of the water-impervious sheet 3 is not bonded and can be freely opened and closed, and the lower surface is placed on the water channel bottom 2A side. For this reason, the downstream outer edge 4D is pushed up when the lower pressure is high, and is pressed against the water channel bottom 2A side when the upper pressure is high. The downstream outer edge 4 </ b> D of the water shielding sheet 3 and the inner part surrounded by the close contact part 4 constitute an opening / closing part 8 of the water shielding sheet 3. When the water pressure Pgw at the water leakage point of the water channel bottom portion 2A becomes larger than the water pressure Pfl on the front side of the water-impervious sheet 3, that is, on the side where the water flow FL flows (Pgw> Pfl), the opening / closing portion 8 acts on the back surface. The water pressure difference (Pgw−Pfl) is pushed upward, that is, to the water flow FL side, and is separated from the water channel bottom 2A together with the downstream outer edge 4D. When the downstream outer edge 4D of the water-impervious sheet 3 is pushed up, a gap is formed between the downstream outer edge 4D and the water channel bottom 2A, and the drain port 5 is formed. The high-pressure water GW on the side of the water channel bottom 2A is discharged into the water flow from the drain port 5 directed to the downstream side. When the high-pressure water GW on the back side of the opening / closing part 8 is discharged and there is no difference from the water pressure Pfl on the water flow FL side on the surface of the impermeable sheet 3, the opening / closing part 8 sinks downward due to its own weight minus buoyancy, and the bottom of the water channel Sitting on 2A, the communication between the back side and the front side of the water-impervious sheet 3 is blocked, and plays the role of a check valve.

水路底部２Ａには、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄに対応する部分に、下流側外縁４Ｄが着座する平滑部６が設けられる。平滑部６は、上面６Ａが平滑に加工される。下流側外縁４Ｄが平滑部６に着座すると、下流側外縁４Ｄは上側平滑面６Ａに重なり面接触して載置されるようになっている。平滑部６は、コンクリート製水路底部２Ａの表面を平滑に加工してもよいし、上側に平滑面６Ａを有するプレート７を、地盤からなる水路底部２Ａの表面と合致させて埋設させるようにしてもよい。   In the water channel bottom portion 2A, a smooth portion 6 on which the downstream outer edge 4D is seated is provided at a portion corresponding to the downstream outer edge 4D of the water shielding sheet 3. As for the smooth part 6, upper surface 6A is processed smoothly. When the downstream outer edge 4D is seated on the smooth portion 6, the downstream outer edge 4D is placed on the upper smooth surface 6A in contact with the upper surface. The smooth portion 6 may process the surface of the concrete water channel bottom 2A smoothly, or the plate 7 having the smooth surface 6A on the upper side may be embedded so as to match the surface of the water channel bottom 2A made of the ground. Also good.

すなわち、本実施例においては、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄが配置され排水口５が形成される部位に対応させて、水路２（躯体または地盤面）を平滑に処理することが望ましい。これは、平滑に処理された水路２と、下流側外縁４Ｄとの密着性を確保し、逆止弁としての働きを確実にする目的で実施する。遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄに対応する水路底部２Ａを平滑に処理するには、ポリマーセメントモルタルを水路底部２Ａに打設したり、プラスチック製平板７を設置して行う。コンクリート水路２は、特に底盤面２Ａや側壁面２Ｂ、２Ｂの下部では、長期間の供用を通じ水流ＦＬの影響による溶出・溶脱や、混在する砂・砂利・礫分等による摩耗・欠損、また、水中に含有される酸性成分・塩分・油分等の悪影響を与える物質による劣化・浸食、ならびに凍害等による劣化・損傷などにより、その表面が脆弱化して粗面となっている場合が多い。そのため、遮水シート３の取り付けに先立ち、取り付け箇所に位置する躯体２の粗面となっている表面を平滑面に修復することが望ましい。   That is, in the present embodiment, it is desirable to treat the water channel 2 (the frame or the ground surface) smoothly so as to correspond to the part where the downstream outer edge 4D of the water-impervious sheet 3 is disposed and the drainage port 5 is formed. This is performed for the purpose of ensuring the adhesion between the smoothly processed water channel 2 and the downstream outer edge 4D and ensuring the function as a check valve. In order to smoothly process the water channel bottom 2A corresponding to the downstream outer edge 4D of the water shielding sheet 3, polymer cement mortar is placed on the water channel bottom 2A or a plastic flat plate 7 is installed. The concrete water channel 2 has elution and leaching due to the influence of the water flow FL over a long period of use, especially at the bottom of the bottom surface 2A and the side wall surfaces 2B and 2B, and wear and loss due to mixed sand, gravel, gravel, etc. In many cases, the surface is weakened and roughened due to deterioration / erosion caused by substances that have an adverse effect such as acidic components, salt and oil contained in water, and deterioration / damage due to frost damage. Therefore, it is desirable to restore the rough surface of the housing 2 located at the attachment location to a smooth surface before attaching the water shielding sheet 3.

躯体または地盤面２Ａを粗面から平滑面に修復するに際しては、上述のように（ａ）ポリマーセメントモルタルを打設するか、（ｂ）プラスチック製平板７を設置することにより行うが、ポリマーセメントモルタルの打設においては、水路２表面の劣化・脆弱化部分を除去し、エポキシ樹脂接着剤等のプライマーを塗布した後、ポリマーセメントモルタルを打設して水路表面を修復する。   When restoring the frame or the ground surface 2A from a rough surface to a smooth surface, as described above, (a) polymer cement mortar is placed or (b) a plastic flat plate 7 is installed. In placing the mortar, the deteriorated / fragile portion of the surface of the water channel 2 is removed, a primer such as an epoxy resin adhesive is applied, and then a polymer cement mortar is placed to repair the surface of the water channel.

水路２表面の劣化・脆弱部分の除去においては、高圧水を利用したウォータージェットによる方法や電動ピックを使用した方法などの公知の任意の方法が用いられる。   In removing the deteriorated / fragile portion of the surface of the water channel 2, any known method such as a method using a water jet using high-pressure water or a method using an electric pick is used.

エポキシ樹脂接着剤等のプライマーは、コンクリートの脆弱層部の強化、ポリマーセメントモルタルとの一体化、接着耐久性向上などの効果を併せ持つものである。エポキシ樹脂接着剤としては、例えば、液状のエポキシ樹脂組成物を主成分とする主剤と、液状のアミン化合物や酸無水物等を主成分とする硬化剤を混合して得られるエポキシ系接着剤等を用いることができるが、これに限られるものではなく、市販されている任意のコンクリート打ち継ぎ用エポキシ系接着剤を少なくとも１種用いてもよい。また、上記のプライマーとしての効果が期待できるものであれば、従来公知のプライマーのうち、任意の１種以上を使用してもよい。例えば、ウレタン樹脂系接着剤、アクリル樹脂系接着剤、エマルション系接着剤などを使用してもよい。   A primer such as an epoxy resin adhesive has effects such as strengthening the fragile layer portion of concrete, integration with polymer cement mortar, and improving adhesion durability. As the epoxy resin adhesive, for example, an epoxy adhesive obtained by mixing a main agent mainly composed of a liquid epoxy resin composition and a curing agent mainly composed of a liquid amine compound or acid anhydride. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any commercially available epoxy adhesive for jointing concrete may be used. Moreover, as long as the effect as said primer is expectable, you may use arbitrary 1 or more types among conventionally well-known primers. For example, a urethane resin adhesive, an acrylic resin adhesive, an emulsion adhesive, or the like may be used.

ポリマーセメントモルタルとしては、従来公知のものであれば、任意の１種以上を使用してもよい。例えば、ＮＲモルタル、ＣＲモルタル、ＳＢＲ（スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体）モルタル、ＰＡＥ（ポリアクリル酸エステル）モルタル、ＰＶＡＣモルタル、ＥＶＡ製モルタルなどを単独でまたは混合して使用することができる。また、上記のポリマーセメントモルタルによる修復の効果が期待できるものであれば、従来公知の修復材のうち、任意の１種以上を使用することができる。例えばコンクリート、セメントモルタル系断面修復材、樹脂モルタル系断面修復材なども使用できる。   As the polymer cement mortar, any conventionally known one may be used. For example, NR mortar, CR mortar, SBR (styrene-butadiene copolymer) mortar, PAE (polyacrylic ester) mortar, PVAC mortar, EVA mortar and the like can be used alone or in combination. Moreover, as long as the effect of the restoration by the above polymer cement mortar can be expected, any one or more kinds of conventionally known restoration materials can be used. For example, concrete, cement mortar type cross-sectional restoration material, resin mortar type cross-sectional restoration material, and the like can be used.

プラスチック製平板７を設置する場合においては、既設水路表面にプラスチック製平板７を設置し、アンカーボルト等により平板７を固定し、既設の水路２の表面２Ａと平板７との間隙にコンクリートやセメントモルタルなどを充填させ、水路表面を修復するようにすることが望ましい。   When the plastic flat plate 7 is installed, the plastic flat plate 7 is installed on the surface of the existing water channel, the flat plate 7 is fixed with anchor bolts or the like, and concrete or cement is placed in the gap between the surface 2A of the existing water channel 2 and the flat plate 7. It is desirable to fill the surface of the water channel with mortar or the like.

プラスチック製平版７としては、従来公知のものであれば、任意の１種以上を使用することができる。例えば、ＰＶＣ（ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂）製平板、ＰＥ（ポリエチレン樹脂）製平板、ＰＰ（ポリプロピレン樹脂）製平板、ＰＳ（ポリスチレン樹脂）製平板、ＡＢＳ製樹脂平板、アクリル樹脂製平板などの熱可塑性樹脂製平板、フェノール樹脂製平板、メラミン樹脂製平板、ユリア樹脂製平板、ＦＲＰ（繊維強化プラスチック）製平板などの熱硬化性平板などを単独または混合して使用できる。いずれも、水流側の上面が平滑に加工または成形されているものを用いる。   As the plastic lithographic plate 7, any one or more kinds can be used as long as they are conventionally known. For example, PVC (polyvinyl chloride resin) flat plate, PE (polyethylene resin) flat plate, PP (polypropylene resin) flat plate, PS (polystyrene resin) flat plate, ABS resin flat plate, acrylic resin flat plate, etc. A thermosetting flat plate such as a flat plate made of phenol, a flat plate made of phenol resin, a flat plate made of melamine resin, a flat plate made of urea resin, or a flat plate made of FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) can be used alone or in combination. In either case, the water flow side upper surface is processed or molded smoothly.

次に、本発明の第１の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造の作用について説明する。本実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、所定寸法（Ｗ１×Ｌ１）にカットされた遮水シート３を、水路底部２Ａのうち漏水箇所が生じた部位の周囲に広げて、漏水箇所を覆って敷設し、この遮水シート３の外縁を、水路底部２Ａ側に密着された密着部４（４Ａ〜４Ｃ）と、遮水シート３表裏間の水圧の差（Ｐｇｗ−Ｐｆｌ）により水路底部２Ａに接したり離れたりする下流側外縁４Ｄを有する開閉部８とにより構成するとともに、この下流側外縁４Ｄに対応する水路底部２Ａには、平滑部６、７を設けている。このため、水路２側の水圧Ｐｆｌが遮水シート３裏側の水圧（漏水箇所に水圧）、すなわち、水路２外側の水圧Ｐｇｗより高いと、開閉部８を水路底部２Ａに押し付け、下流側外縁４Ｄを平滑面６Ａに押し当て、密接させる。このため、遮水シート３で覆われた水路２表面に漏水箇所があっても、水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌが漏水箇所の水圧Ｐｇｗより高圧でありさえすれば、水路２内の水が水路２から外部に漏れることがない。他方、水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌが、遮水シート３の裏側の水圧Ｐｇｗより低い、すなわち、水路２表面の漏水箇所の水圧Ｐｇｗが水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌより高いと、水路２の漏水部側の水圧Ｐｇｗは、遮水シート開閉部８の裏面に作用して下流側外縁４Ｄを押し上げ、この外縁４Ｄは平滑面６Ａから離れる。平滑面６Ａから離れた下流側外縁４Ｄは、平滑面６Ａとの間で排水口５を下流側に向けて形成し、この排水口５を通じて、水路２外側の高圧の水ＧＷは遮水シート３の表側、すなわち、水路２の水流ＦＬに向かって排出される。遮水シート３表裏側の水圧差が消失すると、開閉部８は、浮力分を差し引いた自重により水路底部２Ａに降下し、下流側外縁４Ｄは、平滑面６Ａに再び重なり密接して排水口５を塞ぐ。   Next, the operation of the reverse flow prevention drainage structure for the irrigation structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. The drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure according to the present embodiment spreads the water-impervious sheet 3 cut to a predetermined dimension (W1 × L1) around the portion of the water channel bottom portion 2A where the water leakage portion has occurred, Water pressure difference (Pgw−Pfl) between the close contact portion 4 (4A to 4C) closely attached to the water channel bottom portion 2A side and the front and back surfaces of the water shielding sheet 3 And the opening / closing part 8 having the downstream outer edge 4D that contacts or leaves the water channel bottom 2A, and the water channel bottom 2A corresponding to the downstream outer edge 4D is provided with smooth parts 6 and 7. For this reason, if the water pressure Pfl on the water channel 2 side is higher than the water pressure on the back side of the water shielding sheet 3 (water pressure at the water leakage location), that is, the water pressure Pgw on the outside of the water channel 2, the opening / closing portion 8 is pressed against the water channel bottom 2A, and the downstream outer edge 4D. Is pressed against the smooth surface 6A and brought into intimate contact. For this reason, even if there is a water leak location on the surface of the water channel 2 covered with the water shielding sheet 3, the water in the water channel 2 can be removed as long as the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2 is higher than the water pressure Pgw in the water leak location. From leaking out. On the other hand, when the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2 is lower than the water pressure Pgw on the back side of the impermeable sheet 3, that is, when the water pressure Pgw at the water leakage point on the surface of the water channel 2 is higher than the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2, the water leakage part side of the water channel 2 The water pressure Pgw acts on the back surface of the water shielding sheet opening / closing part 8 to push up the downstream outer edge 4D, and the outer edge 4D is separated from the smooth surface 6A. The downstream outer edge 4D that is separated from the smooth surface 6A is formed with the drain port 5 facing the downstream side with respect to the smooth surface 6A, and the high-pressure water GW outside the water channel 2 passes through the drain port 5 to the impermeable sheet 3. Is discharged toward the water flow FL in the water channel 2. When the water pressure difference between the front and back sides of the water-impervious sheet 3 disappears, the opening / closing part 8 descends to the water channel bottom part 2A by its own weight minus the buoyancy, and the downstream outer edge 4D overlaps the smooth surface 6A again and comes into close contact with the drainage port 5 Block.

こうして、遮水シート３は、水路２側から外部（地盤側）への漏水を確実に遮断する一方、水路２外側の湧き水や地下水ＧＷの水圧が高くなると、その水を水路２内に排出する逆止弁の働きを果たし、目詰まりを起こすことがない。また、万一、平滑面６Ａ上に土砂が堆積しても、下流側外縁４Ｄが開いて水路２外側から内側に水が排出されるたびに押し流されるので、平滑面６Ａは平滑さが保持され、下流側外縁４Ｄが閉じると、平滑部６、７に確実に密接される。たとえ、土砂等の異物が平滑面６Ａに残っても、柔軟性を有する遮水シート３は上側から水圧を受けて異物を覆い塞ぎ他の面が平滑面６Ａに押し付けられて遮水シート表裏側の連通を断つので、漏水を確実に遮断する。なお、下流側外縁４Ｄを下流側に延長してより重量を増したシート状の下流延長部とし、平滑部６、７をこのシート状延長部の下面に沿って延長し、浸透路長を確保して閉塞性を高めるようにしてもよい。   Thus, the water-impervious sheet 3 reliably blocks water leakage from the water channel 2 side to the outside (ground side), while discharging water into the water channel 2 when the water pressure of the spring water outside the water channel 2 or the groundwater GW becomes high. Acts as a check valve and does not cause clogging. Even if sediment is deposited on the smooth surface 6A, the downstream surface outer edge 4D is opened and pushed every time water is discharged from the outside of the water channel 2 to the inside, so that the smooth surface 6A is maintained smooth. When the downstream outer edge 4D is closed, the smooth portions 6 and 7 are securely in close contact with each other. Even if foreign matter such as earth and sand remains on the smooth surface 6A, the flexible water shielding sheet 3 receives water pressure from the upper side to cover and close the foreign material, and the other surface is pressed against the smooth surface 6A so that the front and back sides of the water shielding sheet Since the communication is cut off, the water leakage is surely cut off. In addition, the downstream outer edge 4D is extended to the downstream side to form a sheet-like downstream extension portion with increased weight, and the smooth portions 6 and 7 are extended along the lower surface of the sheet-like extension portion to ensure the permeation path length. And you may make it improve obstruction | occlusion property.

このように第１の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、遮水シート３表裏側の静水圧の差で下流側外縁４Ｄを開閉して逆流を防止する構造となっている。排水口５を塞ぐ遮水シート３の材料に対して、表面側の表面粗度を増加させる表面処理を行うことで動水圧を増大させ、排水口５の閉塞性を高めることができる。また、この第１の実施例では、下流側外縁４Ｄにおける平滑面６Ａとの密着性により、遮水性を確保する構造でもある。通常時は、水路２の水位に応じて、遮水シート３の表裏側の静水圧の差で、排水口５は閉塞され、遮水性が確保される。一方、排水時は、遮水シート３と水路底部２表面の漏水箇所との間を流れる湧水・地下水ＧＷが開閉部８を押し上げ、遮水シート３の表側に排水を行う。下流側に向いた排水口５は、その開口面積の大きさを拡大させることが容易であるため、予想される湧水、地下水量に対して十分な大きさを確保でき、また、排水口５の大きさを拡大させることによる遮水性の低下も生じないことから、十分な排水性を確保することが可能である。こうして、第１の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、遮水シート３と躯体・地盤（底部２Ａ）の平滑処理面間の密着性を図り、高い遮水性を維持するようにしている。   Thus, in the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the first embodiment, the downstream outer edge 4D is opened and closed by the difference in hydrostatic pressure between the front and back sides of the water shielding sheet 3 to prevent backflow. . By applying a surface treatment that increases the surface roughness on the surface side of the material of the water-impervious sheet 3 that closes the drain port 5, the hydraulic pressure can be increased and the blockage of the drain port 5 can be improved. Moreover, in this 1st Example, it is also a structure which ensures water-blocking by adhesiveness with 6 A of smooth surfaces in downstream outer edge 4D. At normal times, the drainage port 5 is blocked by the difference in hydrostatic pressure between the front and back sides of the water-impervious sheet 3 according to the water level of the water channel 2, and water-imperviousness is ensured. On the other hand, at the time of drainage, the spring water / ground water GW flowing between the water-impervious sheet 3 and the water leakage location on the surface of the water channel bottom 2 pushes up the opening / closing part 8 and drains the front side of the water-impervious sheet 3. The drainage port 5 facing the downstream side can easily increase the size of the opening area, so that it is possible to secure a sufficient size for the expected amount of spring water and groundwater. Since the water-imperviousness is not lowered by enlarging the size, it is possible to ensure sufficient drainage. Thus, in the reverse flow prevention drainage structure of the irrigation structure according to the first embodiment, the adhesion between the water-impervious sheet 3 and the smooth treated surface of the frame / ground (bottom 2A) is achieved, and high water-imperviousness is maintained. I have to.

次に、本発明の第２の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造について説明する。この第２の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、上記第１の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造が、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄを、水路底部２Ａに設けられた平滑部６、７の平滑面６Ａに対して接したり離れたりするように構成しているのに対し、図３に示すように、平滑部６、７の上面に、遮水シート３と同一の材料からなる遮水性のシート状着座部材（着座部材）１０を設け、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄが、シート状着座部材１０の上面に乗るようにした点が異なっている外は、上記第１の実施例とほぼ、同一の構成を備えている。   Next, a backflow preventing drainage structure for a water structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The reverse flow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the second embodiment is the same as the reverse flow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the first embodiment. While configured so as to be in contact with or away from the smooth surface 6A of the smooth portions 6 and 7 provided on the bottom portion 2A, the upper surfaces of the smooth portions 6 and 7 are shielded as shown in FIG. The difference is that a water-impervious sheet-like seating member (sitting member) 10 made of the same material as the water sheet 3 is provided, and the downstream outer edge 4D of the water-impervious sheet 3 is placed on the upper surface of the sheet-like seating member 10. Except for this, it has almost the same configuration as the first embodiment.

シート状着座部材１０は、平滑部６、７の下流端６Ｂ、７Ｂより下流に延長されている。シート状着座部材１０は、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄが重なる部位１０Ａが、平滑部６、７に固着されている。シート状着座部材１０は、固着部１０Ａより下流側は上下動自由となっており、シート状着座部材１０の表裏面１１、１２間の水圧の差により平滑部６、７および水路底部２Ａ表面に接触したり離れたりするようになっている。こうして、シート状着座部材１０は、シート状着座部材１０裏側面１２の水圧Ｐｇｗが水路２の流水圧Ｐｆｌより高くなると水路底部２Ａから離れて水ＧＷを水路２側に導く逃がし部１５を形成するようになっている。このため、本実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄにより形成される排水口５から高圧の湧水または地下水ＧＷを水路２に排出するだけでなく、シート状着座部材１０の下側の水路底部２Ａからも逃がし部１５を通じて水路２に高圧の湧水または地下水ＧＷが排出されるようになっている。このように、本実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、水路２側の水圧Ｐｆｌが湧水または地下水ＧＷからの水圧Ｐｇｗより高いと、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄがシート状着座部材１０の上面に着座する。このとき、シート状のもの同士が重なり面接触されるので、遮断性能が向上する。さらに、シート状着座部材１０を、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄに重なる部分からさらに下流側に延長しているので、水路底部２側から外部（地盤側）への漏水を遮断する面積を増大させることができる。   The sheet-like seating member 10 extends downstream from the downstream ends 6B and 7B of the smooth portions 6 and 7. In the sheet-like seating member 10, a portion 10 </ b> A where the downstream outer edge 4 </ b> D of the water shielding sheet 3 overlaps is fixed to the smooth portions 6 and 7. The sheet-like seating member 10 is free to move up and down on the downstream side from the fixing portion 10A, and the surface of the smooth seats 6 and 7 and the water channel bottom 2A is caused by the difference in water pressure between the front and back surfaces 11 and 12 of the sheet-like seating member 10. It comes in contact and away. Thus, when the water pressure Pgw on the back side surface 12 of the sheet-like seating member 10 becomes higher than the flowing water pressure Pfl of the water channel 2, the sheet-like seating member 10 separates from the water channel bottom portion 2A and forms a relief portion 15 that guides the water GW to the water channel 2 side. It is like that. For this reason, in the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the present embodiment, high-pressure spring water or groundwater GW is only discharged to the water channel 2 from the drainage port 5 formed by the downstream outer edge 4D of the water shielding sheet 3. In addition, high-pressure spring water or groundwater GW is discharged to the water channel 2 through the escape portion 15 from the water channel bottom 2 </ b> A on the lower side of the seat-like seating member 10. Thus, in the reverse flow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the present embodiment, when the water pressure Pfl on the water channel 2 side is higher than the water pressure Pgw from the spring water or the groundwater GW, the downstream outer edge 4D of the water shielding sheet 3 is It sits on the upper surface of the sheet-like seating member 10. At this time, since the sheet-like objects are overlapped and brought into surface contact with each other, the blocking performance is improved. Furthermore, since the sheet-like seating member 10 is extended further downstream from a portion overlapping the downstream outer edge 4D of the water-impervious sheet 3, an area for blocking water leakage from the water channel bottom 2 side to the outside (the ground side) is reduced. Can be increased.

すなわち、図３の（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示す第２の実施例では、遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄと平滑処理された平滑面６Ａとの密着性に加え、遮水シート３、１０同士の密着性により遮水性を確保する構造になっている。通常時、すなわち、水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌが高い場合、水路２内の水位により、遮水シート３の表裏側間の静水圧の差で排水口５は閉塞され、遮水性が確保される。一方、排水時、すなわち、遮水シート３裏側の水圧Ｐｇｗが高い場合、遮水シート３と、水路底部２Ａの漏水箇所との間を流れる湧水・地下水ＧＷが遮水シート３の下流側外縁４Ｄを押し上げ、排水口５を開き水路２側に排水を行う。排水口５は、その大きさを拡大させることが容易であるため、予想される湧水、地下水量に対して十分対応することができ、また、排水口５の大きさが拡大されても、水圧変化により再び閉塞状態に復帰するため、遮水性の低下も生じることがなく、十分な排水性を確保することができる。 That is, in the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, in addition to the adhesion between the downstream outer edge 4 </ b> D of the water shielding sheet 3 and the smoothed smooth surface 6 </ b> A, the water shielding sheet 3, It has a structure to ensure the impermeability due adhesion 10 together. At normal times, that is, when the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2 is high, the water outlet 5 is closed due to the difference in hydrostatic pressure between the front and back sides of the water-impervious sheet 3 due to the water level in the water channel 2, thereby ensuring water shielding. On the other hand, when draining, that is, when the water pressure Pgw on the back side of the impermeable sheet 3 is high, the spring water / groundwater GW flowing between the impermeable sheet 3 and the leakage point of the water channel bottom 2A is the downstream outer edge of the impermeable sheet 3. 4D is pushed up, the drain outlet 5 is opened, and the water channel 2 is drained. Since it is easy to expand the size of the drainage port 5, it can sufficiently cope with the expected amount of spring water and groundwater, and even if the size of the drainage port 5 is expanded, Since the closed state is restored again due to a change in water pressure, the water shielding performance is not lowered, and sufficient drainage can be ensured.

次に、本発明の第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造について説明する。この第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、上記第１の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造が、下流側外縁４Ｄと平滑部６、７とにより排水口５を形成するようにしているのに対し、図４の（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示すように、遮水シート２３に開口部２４を設け、遮水シート２３の外縁を水路２側に密着させ、遮水シート２３と同じ材質からなる遮水性のシート状蓋部（蓋部）２６をこの開口部２４を覆い隠すように設け、このシート状蓋部２６の上流側外縁および側壁側外縁２６Ａを遮水シート２３に溶着または接着させるとともに、下流側外縁２６Ｂを遮水シート２３の下流側重複上面２３Ａに接離自在に載置し、このシート状蓋部２６の下方には、水路底部２Ａに平滑部２７を設けた点が異なっている他は、上記第１の実施例とほぼ同様の構成を備えている。この蓋部２６の下流側外縁２６Ｂと密着部２６Ａで囲まれた内側部分とで、蓋部２６の蓋開閉部２８を構成している。   Next, a backflow preventing drainage structure for a water structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The backflow prevention drainage structure for the water use structure according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the backflow prevention drainage structure for the water use structure according to the first embodiment, with the downstream outer edge 4D and the smoothing portions 6, 7. Whereas the drain port 5 is formed, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, an opening 24 is provided in the water shielding sheet 23, and the outer edge of the water shielding sheet 23 is connected to the water channel 2 side. A water-proof sheet-like lid (lid) 26 made of the same material as the water-proof sheet 23 is provided so as to cover the opening 24, and the upstream outer edge and side wall side of the sheet-like lid 26 are provided. The outer edge 26A is welded or adhered to the water shielding sheet 23, and the downstream outer edge 26B is slidably placed on the downstream overlapping upper surface 23A of the water shielding sheet 23, and a water channel is provided below the sheet-like lid portion 26. The difference is that the smooth part 27 is provided on the bottom 2A. It has almost the same configuration as the first embodiment. A lid opening / closing part 28 of the lid part 26 is constituted by the downstream outer edge 26B of the lid part 26 and the inner part surrounded by the contact part 26A.

すなわち、第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、まず、遮水シート２３を、水路２の底部２Ａと側壁２Ｂとのうち、漏水箇所のある部位を覆い隠すように周囲に広げて敷設する。この遮水シート２３は、水路２の底部２Ａおよび側壁２Ｂにある漏水箇所から漏水する湧き水・地下水ＧＷが開口部２４に導かれるように、外縁が底部２Ａと側壁２Ｂに密着されるとともに、底部２Ａと側壁２Ｂとの間の折り曲げ部も水路２側と遮水シート２３との間で水が行き来可能に通路（図示せず）を確保して密着される。この底部２Ａと側壁２Ｂとに敷設された遮水シート２３には、開口部２４が形成される。開口部２４の形状や大きさは任意であるが、本実施例では、図４（Ａ）に示すように、矩形に形成された例に基づいて説明する。開口部２４の形成は、専用機械や特殊技能は必要なく、カッターナイフやハサミなどを用いて簡便に行うことができる。このため、湧水または地下水ＧＷの湧出量が多量であったり、湧出場所が不明である場合には、開口部２４の面積を拡大させたり、別の場所に新たな開口部２４を切り開けばよく、開口部２４の面積や位置が変わってもそれに合わせて蓋部２６を形成するようにしている。   That is, in the reverse flow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the third embodiment, first, the water shielding sheet 23 is concealed from the bottom 2A and the side wall 2B of the water channel 2 where there is a water leakage point. Lay it out around. The water-impervious sheet 23 has an outer edge closely attached to the bottom 2A and the side wall 2B so that spring water / ground water GW leaking from a water leakage point on the bottom 2A and the side wall 2B of the water channel 2 is guided to the opening 24, and the bottom The bent portion between 2A and the side wall 2B is also in close contact with the water channel 2 side and the water shielding sheet 23 by securing a passage (not shown) so that water can go back and forth. An opening 24 is formed in the water shielding sheet 23 laid on the bottom 2A and the side wall 2B. Although the shape and size of the opening 24 are arbitrary, in this embodiment, description will be made based on an example in which the opening 24 is formed in a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. The opening 24 can be easily formed using a cutter knife, scissors, or the like without using a dedicated machine or special skills. For this reason, when there is a large amount of spring water or groundwater GW or the location of the spring is unknown, the area of the opening 24 may be increased or a new opening 24 may be cut out at another location. Even if the area or position of the opening 24 changes, the lid portion 26 is formed accordingly.

開口部２４には、シート状蓋部２６がこの開口部２４を覆い隠すように遮水シート２３表側に溶着または接着される。すなわち、シート状蓋部２６は、図５の（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）に示すように、上流側外縁および側壁側外縁２６Ａが遮水シート２３表側面に溶着または接着されるとともに、下流側外縁２６Ｂが開放されたままとなっており、この下流側外縁２６Ｂは、上方から水圧がかかると遮水シート２３の下流側重複上面２３Ａに載って閉じ、下方からそれに打ち勝つ水圧がかかると押し上げられて、下流側重複上面２３Ａから離れ、下流側重複上面２３Ａと押し上げられた下流側外縁２６Ｂとにより排水口２５が形成され、この下流側に向いた排水口２５から遮水シート２３裏側の高圧のＰｇｗの湧水または地下水ＧＷが水路２に排出されるようになっている。シート状蓋部２６下方の水路底部２Ａには、平滑部２７が設けられる。平滑部２７は上記第１の実施例と同様に、上面が平滑に加工される。シート状蓋部２６は、開口部２４を通じて平滑部２７の上側平滑面２７Ａに着座すると面接触して密接されるようになっている。平滑部２７は、コンクリート製水路底部２Ａの表面を平滑に加工してもよいし、上側に平滑面２７Ａを有するプレートを、地盤からなる水路底部２Ａに埋設させるようにしてもよい。   A sheet-like lid portion 26 is welded or adhered to the front side of the water shielding sheet 23 so as to cover the opening portion 24. That is, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, the sheet-like lid portion 26 has the upstream outer edge and the side wall outer edge 26 </ b> A welded or bonded to the front side surface of the water shielding sheet 23, and the downstream outer edge. 26B remains open, and this downstream outer edge 26B closes on the downstream overlapping upper surface 23A of the water shielding sheet 23 when water pressure is applied from above, and is pushed up when water pressure is overcome from below. A drainage port 25 is formed by the downstream overlapped upper surface 23A and the pushed-up downstream outer edge 26B away from the downstream overlapped upper surface 23A, and the high pressure Pgw on the back side of the water shielding sheet 23 from the drainage port 25 facing downstream Spring water or groundwater GW is discharged into the water channel 2. A smoothing portion 27 is provided on the water channel bottom 2 </ b> A below the sheet-like lid portion 26. As in the first embodiment, the smooth portion 27 has a smooth upper surface. When the sheet-like lid portion 26 is seated on the upper smooth surface 27A of the smooth portion 27 through the opening 24, the sheet-like lid portion 26 comes into surface contact and comes into close contact. The smooth portion 27 may process the surface of the concrete water channel bottom 2A smoothly, or a plate having a smooth surface 27A on the upper side may be embedded in the water channel bottom 2A made of ground.

遮水シート２３は、平滑部２７に重なる下流側重複上面２３Ａの裏面が、平滑部２７の上側平滑面２７Ａに固着され、浮き上がることがないようになっている。このため、シート状蓋部２６の下流側外縁２６Ｂは、シート状蓋部２６の表裏面２６Ｃ、２６Ｄ側の水圧の差により遮水シート２３の下流側重複上面２３に重なったり離れたりするようになっている。このとき、シート状蓋部２６の裏面２６Ｄ側が開口部２４から高圧の水圧Ｐｇｗを受けて押し上げられると、図５の（Ｂ）に示すように、シート状蓋部２６の蓋開閉部２８は、遮水シート２３とともに押し上げられる。このように、シート状蓋部２６は、その裏面２６Ｃ側と遮水シート２３の裏面２３Ｃ側、すなわち、水路底部２Ａ側の面の水圧Ｐｇｗが、水流ＦＬの流れる側の面の水圧Ｐｆｌより大きくなると（Ｐｇｗ＞Ｐｆｌ）、シート状蓋部２６は、接続された遮水シート２３とともにその水圧差（Ｐｇｗ−Ｐｆｌ）の力で上方に、つまり、水流側に押し上げられ、蓋開閉部２８は平滑部２７の平滑面２７Ａから離れるとともに、下流側外縁２６Ｂは遮水シート２３の下流側重複上面２３Ａから離れるようになっている。   In the water-impervious sheet 23, the back surface of the downstream overlapping upper surface 23 </ b> A that overlaps the smooth portion 27 is fixed to the upper smooth surface 27 </ b> A of the smooth portion 27 so that it does not float. For this reason, the downstream outer edge 26B of the sheet-like lid portion 26 overlaps or separates from the downstream overlapping upper surface 23 of the water-impervious sheet 23 due to the difference in water pressure between the front and back surfaces 26C and 26D of the sheet-like lid portion 26. It has become. At this time, when the back surface 26D side of the sheet-like lid part 26 receives and pushes up the high water pressure Pgw from the opening 24, the lid opening / closing part 28 of the sheet-like lid part 26, as shown in FIG. It is pushed up together with the water shielding sheet 23. Thus, in the sheet-like lid portion 26, the water pressure Pgw on the back surface 26C side and the back surface 23C side of the water-impervious sheet 23, that is, the surface on the water channel bottom portion 2A side is greater than the water pressure Pfl on the surface on which the water flow FL flows. Then, (Pgw> Pfl), the sheet-like lid portion 26 is pushed upward together with the connected water-impervious sheet 23 by the water pressure difference (Pgw-Pfl), that is, the water flow side, and the lid opening / closing portion 28 is smooth. The downstream outer edge 26 </ b> B is separated from the downstream overlapping upper surface 23 </ b> A of the water shielding sheet 23 while being separated from the smooth surface 27 </ b> A of the portion 27.

下流側外縁２６Ｂが押し上げられると、下流側外縁２６Ｂと遮水シート２３の下流側重複上面２３Ａとの間に隙間が生じ排水口２５が形成される。この排水口２５から、水路底部２Ａ側の高圧の水ＧＷが水流ＦＬ中に排出されるようになっている。水路底部２Ａ側の湧水は底部２Ａまたは側壁２Ｂの漏水箇所から湧出する。遮水シート２３とシート状蓋部２６の裏側の高圧の水ＧＷが排出され、表側の水流ＦＬの水圧Ｐｆｌと差がなくなってくると、遮水シート２３とシート状蓋部２６とは、浮力を差し引いた自重により下方に沈み、シート状蓋部２６は平滑部２７の平滑面２７と遮水シート２３の下流側重複上面２３Ａとに着座して、遮水シート２３とシート状蓋部２６との裏側と表側との連通を遮断し、逆止弁の役割を果たすようになっている。   When the downstream outer edge 26 </ b> B is pushed up, a gap is formed between the downstream outer edge 26 </ b> B and the downstream overlapping upper surface 23 </ b> A of the water shielding sheet 23, and the drain port 25 is formed. The high-pressure water GW on the water channel bottom 2A side is discharged from the drain port 25 into the water flow FL. The spring water on the side of the water channel bottom portion 2A flows out from the water leakage location of the bottom portion 2A or the side wall 2B. When the high-pressure water GW on the back side of the water-impervious sheet 23 and the sheet-like lid part 26 is discharged and the difference from the water pressure Pfl of the water flow FL on the front side disappears, the water-impervious sheet 23 and the sheet-like lid part 26 have buoyancy. The sheet-like lid part 26 is seated on the smooth surface 27 of the smooth part 27 and the downstream overlapping upper surface 23A of the water-impervious sheet 23, and the water-impervious sheet 23, the sheet-like lid part 26, The communication between the back side and the front side is cut off, and it plays the role of a check valve.

このように、本実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌが、漏水箇所から湧出する水路２外側の水圧Ｐｇｗより高いと、水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌは遮水シート２３を水路底部２Ａに、シート状蓋部２６を平滑部２７と遮水シート２３の下流側重複上面２３Ａとに押し付けてそれぞれ重ね合わせ面接触させる。このため、遮水シート２３とシート状蓋部２６とで覆われた水路底部２Ａおよび側壁２Ｂとのうちいずれかに漏水箇所があっても、水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌが漏水箇所の水圧Ｐｇｗより高いと、水路２内の水ＦＬが水路２から外部に漏れることがない。他方、水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌが、遮水シート２３裏側の水圧Ｐｇｗより低いと、水路２外側の水圧Ｐｇｗは遮水シート２３の裏面２３Ｃとシート状蓋部２６の裏面２６Ｃとに作用し、シート状蓋部２６を押し上げ、シート状蓋部２６の下流側外縁２６Ｂは、遮水シート２３の下流側重複上面２３Ａ表面から離れ、これにより形成された排水口２５により、水路２外側の高圧の水ＧＷは水路２内に向かって排出される。遮水シート２３表裏側の水圧差が失われると、シート状蓋部２６の下流側外縁２６Ｂは浮力を差し引いた自重により遮水シート下流側重複上面２３Ａ表面に再び載り重なって水路２表面を塞ぐ。こうして、遮水シート２３とシート状蓋部２６は、水路２側から外部への漏水を確実に遮断する一方、水路２外側の水圧Ｐｇｗが高くなると、その水を水路２内に排出する逆止弁の働きを果たす。   Thus, in the reverse flow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the present embodiment, when the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2 is higher than the water pressure Pgw outside the water channel 2 that springs out from the water leakage location, the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2 is The water-impervious sheet 23 is pressed against the water channel bottom 2A, and the sheet-like lid part 26 is pressed against the smoothing part 27 and the downstream overlapping upper surface 23A of the water-impervious sheet 23 to be brought into contact with each other. For this reason, even if there exists a water leak location in either the water channel bottom 2A and the side wall 2B covered with the water shielding sheet 23 and the sheet-like lid portion 26, the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2 is more than the water pressure Pgw of the water leak location. If it is high, the water FL in the water channel 2 will not leak from the water channel 2 to the outside. On the other hand, when the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2 is lower than the water pressure Pgw on the back side of the water shielding sheet 23, the water pressure Pgw outside the water channel 2 acts on the back surface 23C of the water shielding sheet 23 and the back surface 26C of the sheet-like lid portion 26, The sheet-like lid part 26 is pushed up, and the downstream outer edge 26B of the sheet-like lid part 26 is separated from the surface of the downstream overlapping upper surface 23A of the water-impervious sheet 23, and the drainage port 25 formed thereby forms a high-pressure outside the water channel 2. The water GW is discharged toward the water channel 2. When the water pressure difference between the front and back sides of the water-impervious sheet 23 is lost, the downstream outer edge 26B of the sheet-like lid portion 26 rests again on the surface of the overlapping upper surface 23A on the downstream side of the water-impervious sheet due to its own weight minus buoyancy to block the surface of the water channel 2. . Thus, the water-impervious sheet 23 and the sheet-like lid portion 26 reliably block water leakage from the water channel 2 side to the outside, while the water pressure Pgw outside the water channel 2 becomes high, the check that discharges the water into the water channel 2. Acts as a valve.

また、万一、遮水シート下流側重複上面２３Ａ表面や平滑面２７Ａに土砂が堆積しても、下流側外縁２６Ｂが開いて水路２外側から内側に水が排出されるたびに押し流されるので、これら表面は平坦さが保持され、下流側外縁２６Ｂが閉じると、遮水シート下流側重複上面２３Ａに確実に密接される。たとえ、土砂等の異物が平滑部２７に残っても、遮水シート２３は上側から水圧を受けて異物を覆い塞ぎ他の面が平滑部２７に押し付けられて遮水シート２３表裏側間の連通を断つので、漏水を確実に遮断する。こうして、第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、遮水シート２３と躯体・地盤（２Ａ）の平滑処理面間の密着性と遮水シート２３、２６同士の密着性を図り、遮水性を向上させるようにするとともに、遮水シート２３に開口部２４を設け、シート状蓋部２６を設置することにより密着面積を増大させ、高い遮水性を維持するようにしている。また、本実施例では、シート状蓋部２６を、遮水シート２３と同じ材質で構成しているがこれに限られるものではなく、シート状蓋部２６に対して表面加工を施すことにより、蓋部裏面２６Ｃに作用する水圧を増加させて、閉塞性を向上させ、遮水性を向上させることができる。また、遮水シート２３の表面２３Ｄやシート状蓋部２６の表面２６Ｄに対して、表面粗度を増加させる表面処理を行うことで動水圧を増大させ、排水口２５の閉塞性を高めることができる。   In addition, even if earth and sand are deposited on the surface 23A and the smooth surface 27A on the downstream side of the water-impervious sheet, the downstream outer edge 26B is opened and washed away every time water is discharged from the outside of the water channel 2 to the inside. The flatness of these surfaces is maintained, and when the downstream outer edge 26B is closed, the surfaces are reliably brought into close contact with the water-permeable sheet downstream overlapping upper surface 23A. Even if foreign matter such as earth and sand remains in the smooth portion 27, the water-impervious sheet 23 receives water pressure from the upper side to cover and close the foreign matter, and the other surface is pressed against the smooth portion 27 so that the water-impervious sheet 23 communicates between the front and back sides. Make sure to shut off water leakage. Thus, in the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the third embodiment, the adhesion between the water-impervious sheet 23 and the smooth treated surface of the frame / ground (2A) and the adhesion between the water-impervious sheets 23 and 26. In order to improve the water-imperviousness, an opening 24 is provided in the water-impervious sheet 23, and the sheet-like lid part 26 is installed to increase the contact area and maintain high water-imperviousness. . Further, in the present embodiment, the sheet-like lid portion 26 is made of the same material as the water-impervious sheet 23, but is not limited thereto, and by applying surface processing to the sheet-like lid portion 26, The water pressure acting on the lid rear surface 26C can be increased to improve the blocking property and improve the water shielding property. Further, the surface pressure of the water shielding sheet 23 and the surface 26D of the sheet-like lid portion 26 are subjected to surface treatment that increases the surface roughness, thereby increasing the dynamic water pressure and improving the blockage of the drain port 25. it can.

上述のように、本実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、遮水シート２３とシート状蓋部２６とを、溶着または接着により行うようにしているが、溶着においては、ホットエアー等による熱風式溶着、熱板式溶着、インパルス式溶着、コテ式溶着などの熱溶着、ウェルダー等による電磁溶着（高周波溶着）、超音波溶着などの公知の任意の方法が用いられる。接着においては、熱可塑性樹脂系接着剤、熱硬化性樹脂系接着剤、エラストマー（弾性体）系接着剤など、従来公知の合成樹脂系接着剤のうち、任意の１種以上を使用することができる。例えば、熱可塑性樹脂系接着剤としては、酢酸ビニル樹脂系接着剤、ポリビニルアセタール系接着剤、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂系接着剤、塩化ビニル樹脂系接着剤、アクリル樹脂系接着剤、ポリアミド系接着剤、セルロース系接着剤、α−オレフィン系接着剤などを使用できる。熱硬化性樹脂系接着剤としては、ユリア樹脂系接着剤、メラミン樹脂系接着剤、フェノール樹脂系接着剤、レゾルシノール樹脂系接着剤、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤、アクリル樹脂系接着剤、ポリエステル系接着剤、ポリウレタン系接着剤、ポリアロマティック系接着剤などを使用できる。エラストマー（弾性体）系接着剤としては、クロロプレンゴム系接着剤、ニトリルゴム系接着剤、スチレンブタジエンゴム系接着剤、ポリサルファイド系接着剤、ブチルゴム系接着剤、シリコーンゴム系接着剤、アクリルゴム系接着剤、変性シリコーンゴム系接着剤、ウレタンゴム系接着剤、シリル化ウレタン樹脂系接着剤などを使用できる。また、上記の接着剤としては、反応系、溶液系、水分散系（ラテックス、エマルション等）固形（ホットメルト等）、テープ（粘着剤、感圧形等）などの形態・形状の分類・種別は問わない。   As described above, in the drainage structure for preventing backflow of the water structure according to the present embodiment, the water shielding sheet 23 and the sheet-like lid portion 26 are welded or bonded. Any known method such as hot air welding with air, hot plate welding, impulse welding, iron welding, etc., electromagnetic welding (high frequency welding) with a welder or the like, ultrasonic welding, etc. may be used. In bonding, any one or more kinds of conventionally known synthetic resin adhesives such as thermoplastic resin adhesives, thermosetting resin adhesives, and elastomer (elastic body) adhesives may be used. it can. For example, as a thermoplastic resin adhesive, vinyl acetate resin adhesive, polyvinyl acetal adhesive, ethylene vinyl acetate resin adhesive, vinyl chloride resin adhesive, acrylic resin adhesive, polyamide adhesive, Cellulose adhesives and α-olefin adhesives can be used. As thermosetting resin adhesives, urea resin adhesives, melamine resin adhesives, phenol resin adhesives, resorcinol resin adhesives, epoxy resin adhesives, acrylic resin adhesives, polyester adhesives Polyurethane adhesives, polyaromatic adhesives, and the like can be used. Elastomer (elastic) adhesives include chloroprene rubber adhesives, nitrile rubber adhesives, styrene butadiene rubber adhesives, polysulfide adhesives, butyl rubber adhesives, silicone rubber adhesives, acrylic rubber adhesives Agents, modified silicone rubber adhesives, urethane rubber adhesives, silylated urethane resin adhesives, and the like can be used. In addition, the above adhesives are classified and classified into forms and shapes such as reaction system, solution system, water dispersion system (latex, emulsion, etc.), solid (hot melt, etc.), tape (adhesive, pressure sensitive type, etc.) Does not matter.

次に、本発明の第４の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造について説明する。この第４の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、上記第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造が、遮水シート２３に開口部２４を設け、遮水シート２３と同じ材質からなる遮水性のシート状蓋部２６をこの開口部２４を覆い隠すように設けているのに対し、図６の（Ａ）ないし（Ｃ）に示すように、シート状蓋部を設けることなく、遮水シート３３の下流側に水路底部２Ａに平滑部２７を設け、この平滑部２７の上側平滑面２７Ａに、遮水シート３３と同じ材料からなり開口部３４が形成された着座シート３６を設け、この着座シート３６の上流側外縁および側壁側外縁３６Ａを遮水シート３３の裏面３３Ｃに溶着し、着座シート３６の開口部３４より下流側部分３６Ｂを平滑部２７に固着した点が異なっている。   Next, a backflow preventing drainage structure for a water conserving structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. The drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure according to the third embodiment, and is provided with an opening 24 in the water shielding sheet 23. While a water-tight sheet-like lid portion 26 made of the same material as the water sheet 23 is provided so as to cover the opening 24, as shown in FIGS. Without providing a lid, a smooth portion 27 is provided on the water channel bottom 2A on the downstream side of the water-impervious sheet 33, and an opening 34 formed of the same material as the water-impervious sheet 33 is formed on the upper smooth surface 27A of the smooth portion 27. The seating sheet 36 is provided, the upstream outer edge and the side wall outer edge 36A of the seating sheet 36 are welded to the back surface 33C of the water shielding sheet 33, and the downstream portion 36B from the opening 34 of the seating sheet 36 to the smooth portion 27. The point of fixation is different.

すなわち、第４の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造では、水路２外側の高圧の湧水または地下水ＧＷは着座シート３６の開口部３４から遮水シート３３の裏面３３Ｃを押し上げ、遮水シート３３の下流側端部３３Ａを着座シート３６の下流側部分３６Ｂから離して排水口３５を下流側に向けて形成するようにしている。水路２内の水圧Ｐｆｌが湧水または地下水ＧＷ側からの圧力Ｐｇｗより高くなると、遮水シート３３の裏面３３Ｃは、着座シート３６の開口部３４に対応する部分が平滑部２７の平滑面２７Ａに、それより下流側部分が着座シート３６の下流側部分３６Ｂ上面に密接して、遮水シート３３の表裏側の連通を遮断するようになっている。   That is, in the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure according to the fourth embodiment, the high-pressure spring water or groundwater GW outside the water channel 2 pushes up the back surface 33C of the water shielding sheet 33 from the opening 34 of the seating sheet 36, The downstream end 33A of the water shielding sheet 33 is separated from the downstream portion 36B of the seating sheet 36, and the drain port 35 is formed toward the downstream side. When the water pressure Pfl in the water channel 2 becomes higher than the pressure Pgw from the spring or groundwater GW side, the back surface 33C of the water shielding sheet 33 has a portion corresponding to the opening 34 of the seating sheet 36 on the smooth surface 27A of the smooth portion 27. The downstream side portion is in close contact with the upper surface of the downstream side portion 36B of the seating sheet 36 so as to block the communication between the front and back sides of the water shielding sheet 33.

次に、本発明の第５の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造について説明する。この第５の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、上記第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造が、遮水シート２３の開口部２４を水路底部２Ａ上に形成しているのに対し、図７の（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示すように、遮水シート１２３の開口部１２４を、側壁２Ｂを覆う部分に形成し、シート状蓋部１２６を、この開口部１２４を覆い隠すように設け、このシート状蓋部１２６の上流側外縁および上下側外縁１２６Ａを遮水シート１２３に溶着または接着させるとともに、下流側外縁（蓋開閉部）１２６Ｂを遮水シート１２３の下流側重複上面１２３Ａに接離自在に載置し、シート状蓋部１２６に対応する水路側壁２Ｂには、平滑部（図示せず）を設けるようにした点が異なっている。係る構成とすることにより側壁２Ｂに漏水箇所があっても湧水または地下水ＧＷを円滑に水路２内に排出させ、湧水または地下水ＧＷ側の圧力Ｐｇｗより水路２側の圧力Ｐｆｌが大きくなると、シート状蓋部１２６の下流側外縁１２６Ｂは確実に閉塞されるようになっている。   Next, a backflow preventing drainage structure for a water conserving structure according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. The reverse flow prevention drainage structure for the water use structure according to the fifth embodiment is the same as the reverse flow prevention drainage structure for the water use structure according to the third embodiment, in which the opening 24 of the water shielding sheet 23 is connected to the water channel bottom 2A. On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the opening 124 of the water shielding sheet 123 is formed in a portion covering the side wall 2B, and the sheet-like lid 126 is formed. The opening 124 is provided so as to cover it, and the upstream outer edge and the upper and lower outer edges 126A of the sheet-like lid 126 are welded or bonded to the water shielding sheet 123, and the downstream outer edge (lid opening / closing part) 126B is shielded. The difference is that a smooth portion (not shown) is provided on the side wall 2B of the water sheet 123 that is slidably mounted on the downstream overlapping upper surface 123A of the water sheet 123 and that corresponds to the sheet-like lid 126. By having such a configuration, even if there is a leakage point on the side wall 2B, the spring water or groundwater GW is smoothly discharged into the water channel 2, and when the pressure Pfl on the water channel 2 side becomes larger than the pressure Pgw on the spring water or ground water GW side, The downstream outer edge 126B of the sheet-like lid 126 is reliably closed.

図８は、本発明の第６の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造を示すもので、上記第３の実施例に係るシート状蓋部２６に対して、本実施例のシート状蓋部２２６には、湧水または地下水ＧＷ側からの水を逃がす逃がし孔２０１が形成される点が異なっている。このように構成することにより、排水を促進することができ、多量の湧水や地下水ＧＷが生じても、速やかに排水させ、迅速にシート状蓋部２２６を閉塞位置に復帰させることができる。また、湧水や地下水ＧＷが少量の場合、遮水性能を確保したまま、開閉動作に至らず閉じたままで少しずつ排水することができる。このため、長寿命化を図ることができる。このように、本発明では、上記他の実施例に見られるように湧水や地下水ＧＷ側の圧力により押し上げられる遮水シート３、２３や蓋部２６、１２６の材質を重量のあるものや、表面を粗面に処理して抵抗を増大させて、排水口を開きにくくして閉塞性を高めたりすることもできれば、本実施例のように、多量の湧水が発生しても速やかに排水させたり、少しずつ排水して地下水の水位上昇を抑制することもできるようになっている。   FIG. 8 shows a backflow prevention drainage structure for an irrigation structure according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The sheet of this embodiment is compared with the sheet-like lid portion 26 according to the third embodiment. The shape lid portion 226 is different in that an escape hole 201 is formed for escaping water from the spring water or groundwater GW side. By comprising in this way, drainage can be accelerated | stimulated, and even if a lot of spring water and groundwater GW arise, it is made to drain quickly and can return the sheet-like cover part 226 to the obstruction | occlusion position rapidly. Moreover, when there is a small amount of spring water or groundwater GW, the water can be drained little by little while keeping the water blocking performance without closing and opening. For this reason, lifetime improvement can be achieved. Thus, in the present invention, as seen in the other embodiments, the material of the water shielding sheets 3 and 23 and the lids 26 and 126 pushed up by the pressure on the spring water or groundwater GW side is heavy, If the surface can be roughened to increase the resistance, and the drainage port can be made difficult to open and the blockage can be increased, the drainage can be performed quickly even if a large amount of spring water is generated as in this embodiment. It is possible to control the rise of the groundwater level by draining it little by little.

次に、実際に実験を行った実験の内容と結果とを示す。図９は、水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造の遮水性および排水性を確認するための実験概要図を示す説明図である。遮水性および排水性の確認は、延長１０ｍ、幅０．５ｍ、高さ０．２５ｍ、水路勾配１／１０００の実験用の模型水路３０２を製作し、この実験模型水路３０２用い、水路３０２内側に延長８ｍの範囲で遮水シート３０３を設置した。   Next, the contents and results of the experiment actually conducted are shown. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the experiment for confirming the water shielding and drainage properties of the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure. To check the water-imperviousness and drainage, a model water channel 302 for experiments having an extension of 10 m, a width of 0.5 m, a height of 0.25 m, and a water channel gradient of 1/1000 was produced. The impermeable sheet 303 was installed in the range of extension 8m.

実験模型水路３０２の外側には、嵩上げ用木材３１１を介して、延長１３ｍ、幅０．６ｍ、高さ０．３ｍの貯水槽３１３を設けた。これにより、実験模型水路３０２と貯水槽３１３との間には水路の幅方向と、下方向にそれぞれ間隙５ｃｍのクリアランス３１２を３面（底面および両側面）で確保するようにしている。このクリアランス３１２内に水を注入して水位を変動させることにより、実験模型水路３０２の外側水位（地下水位）の変動を模することができる。こうして、実験模型水路３０２の内側を流れる水を水路内の水流と、また、貯水槽３１３の外壁と実験模型水路３０２との間のクリアランス３１２に貯留される水を水路外側に存在する地下水と見なすようにした。   A water storage tank 313 having an extension of 13 m, a width of 0.6 m, and a height of 0.3 m was provided outside the experimental model water channel 302 via a raising wood 311. As a result, a clearance 312 having a gap of 5 cm is secured on three surfaces (bottom surface and both side surfaces) between the experimental model water channel 302 and the water storage tank 313 in the width direction and the lower direction of the water channel. By injecting water into the clearance 312 and changing the water level, it is possible to simulate the change in the water level outside the experimental model water channel 302 (ground water level). Thus, water flowing inside the experimental model water channel 302 is regarded as water flow in the water channel, and water stored in the clearance 312 between the outer wall of the water storage tank 313 and the experimental model water channel 302 is regarded as groundwater existing outside the water channel. I did it.

この実験模型水路３０２の側壁３０２Ａ、３０２Ｂには、直径１０ｍｍの円形口３１４を穿設し、水路の亀裂、ひび割れ、あるいは目地を模している。これら円形口３１４は、流れ方向に等間隔で多数設けられる。円形口３１４は、直径１０ｍｍより若干大径のシリコーン製ゴム栓３０４で容易に塞ぐことができるようになっている。水路３０２内の内水位Ｌｖ１が外水位Ｌｖ２より高い場合はゴム栓３０４を開けることで水路外への漏水を模することができる。他方、水路内の内水位Ｌｖ１が外水位Ｌｖ２より低い場合は、ゴム栓３０４を開けることで水路内への湧水を模することができる。円形口３１４は、底面中央部に１ｍ間隔で８箇所、側面の底面から上方５ｃｍおよび２０ｃｍの位置にそれぞれ、左右合わせて３２箇所（（左側面２箇所＋右側面２箇所）×８箇所／１ｍ間隔）設けた。実験模型水路３０２の側壁３０２Ａ、３０２Ｂ表面および底部３０２Ｃの表面はいずれも材料自体が有する平滑面となっている。   A circular port 314 having a diameter of 10 mm is formed in the side walls 302A and 302B of the experimental model water channel 302 to simulate a water channel crack, crack, or joint. A large number of these circular ports 314 are provided at equal intervals in the flow direction. The circular port 314 can be easily closed with a silicone rubber stopper 304 having a diameter slightly larger than 10 mm. When the inner water level Lv1 in the water channel 302 is higher than the outer water level Lv2, the leakage to the outside of the water channel can be simulated by opening the rubber stopper 304. On the other hand, when the inner water level Lv1 in the water channel is lower than the outer water level Lv2, the spring plug 304 can be opened to simulate spring water into the water channel. The circular mouth 314 has 8 positions at 1 m intervals in the center of the bottom surface, and 32 positions (left side 2 places + right side 2 places) × 8 places / 1 m in total, 5 cm and 20 cm above the side face. Interval). The surfaces of the side walls 302A and 302B and the surface of the bottom portion 302C of the experimental model water channel 302 are all smooth surfaces of the material itself.

図１０の（Ａ）および（Ｂ）はそれぞれ、上記実験装置側面図および平面図を示している。貯水槽３１３の最下流部の底面に、直径１０ｍｍの円形口３１５を穿設して形成した。この円形口３１５は、直径１０ｍｍより若干大径のゴム栓３０４で容易に塞ぐことができる。この円形口３１５から流出する漏水量を計量することで、実験模型水路３０２外への全漏水量を測定することができる。   FIGS. 10A and 10B respectively show a side view and a plan view of the experimental apparatus. A circular port 315 having a diameter of 10 mm was formed in the bottom surface of the most downstream portion of the water storage tank 313. The circular port 315 can be easily closed with a rubber plug 304 having a diameter slightly larger than 10 mm. By measuring the amount of water leaking out from the circular port 315, the total amount of water leaking out of the experimental model water channel 302 can be measured.

実験模型水路３０２の下流端には、図１０の（Ａ）に示すように、止水板３０５を揺動させて水路３０２内の内水位Ｌｖ１を調整する滑車式堰３１６が設けられる。この滑車式堰３１６により、水路３０２内の内水位Ｌｖ１を自由に上下させることができるようになっている。実験模型水路３０２の上流端と下流端とにはそれぞれ、実験模型水路３０２に水を供給する上流側高水槽３０６と、実験模型水路３０２を流れ下った水を貯留する下流側低水槽３０７とが設けられる。これら槽３０６、３０７間には、これら両槽３０６、３０７を接続し実験模型水路３０２内の流水を循環させるポンプ３１７が設けられる。これにより、水路３０２の最下流部より流れ出た水を下流側低水槽３０７内に一時的に貯水し、ポンプ３１７により最上流部の高水槽３０６内に汲み上げ、循環させるようになっている。   At the downstream end of the experimental model water channel 302, as shown in FIG. 10A, a pulley type weir 316 is provided for adjusting the inner water level Lv <b> 1 in the water channel 302 by swinging the water stop plate 305. By this pulley type weir 316, the inner water level Lv1 in the water channel 302 can be freely raised and lowered. An upstream high water tank 306 that supplies water to the experimental model water channel 302 and a downstream low water tank 307 that stores water flowing down the experimental model water channel 302 are respectively provided at the upstream end and the downstream end of the experimental model water channel 302. Provided. Between these tanks 306, 307, a pump 317 is provided for connecting both tanks 306, 307 and circulating the flowing water in the experimental model water channel 302. As a result, the water flowing out from the most downstream part of the water channel 302 is temporarily stored in the downstream low water tank 307, pumped into the high water tank 306 at the most upstream part by the pump 317, and circulated.

実験では、円形口３１４は、水路底面３０２Ｃ中央部の８箇所は全て開放し、側壁面３０２Ａ、３０２Ｂの３２箇所は全てゴム栓３０４で閉塞した。円形口１箇所あたりの漏水量Ｑは、以下の式によって表される。
Ｑ＝Ａ・Ｃ・（２・ｇ・ｈ）１／２ ・・・・（１）
ここで、式（１）において、Ｑは円形口１箇所あたりの漏水量（ｌ／ｓ）、Ａは排水口の面積（ｍ２）、Ｃは流量係数０．６、ｇは重力加速度９．８（ｍ／ｓ２）、ｈは水深（ｍ）である。水路内の内水位Ｌｖ１、すなわち水深は０．１２ｍとした。
従って、シートを設置しないなど遮水性が期待できない場合の円形口１箇所あたりの漏水量（ｌ／ｓ）は、Ｑ＝（０．００５）２×３．１４×０．６×（２×９．８×０．１２）１／２ ＝０．７２（ｌ／ｓ）となり、８箇所からの全漏水量は、０．７２（ｌ／ｓ）×８＝０．５７６（ｌ／ｓ）となる。 In the experiment, the circular mouth 314 was opened at all eight locations in the center of the water channel bottom surface 302C, and all 32 locations on the side wall surfaces 302A and 302B were closed with rubber plugs 304. The amount of water leakage Q per circular mouth is expressed by the following equation.
Q = A ・ C ・ (2 ・ g ・ h) 1/2・ ・ ・ ・ (1)
Here, in Equation (1), Q is the amount of water leakage per circular port (l / s), A is the area of the drain port (m 2 ), C is the flow coefficient 0.6, g is the gravity acceleration 9. 8 (m / s 2 ), h is the water depth (m). The inner water level Lv1 in the water channel, that is, the water depth was 0.12 m.
Therefore, the amount of water leakage (l / s) per circular mouth when water impermeability cannot be expected, such as when no sheet is installed, is Q = (0.005) 2 × 3.14 × 0.6 × (2 × 9 .8 × 0.12) 1/2 = 0.72 (l / s), and the total amount of water leakage from eight locations is 0.72 (l / s) × 8 = 0.576 (l / s). Become.

そこで、水路底面３０２Ｃに、延長８ｍの範囲で遮水シート３０３を設置し、遮水シート３０３を設置しない場合の８箇所からの全漏水量（０．５７６（ｌ／ｓ））との比較を行った。図１１は、遮水シート３０３の最下流端を開放した場合における通水開始後の経過時間と漏水量との関係を示している。この図１１により、上記第１の実施例の逆流防止水抜き構造による遮水性を、すなわち、（ａ）遮水シートと躯体・地盤側平滑処理面との間の密着性のみによる遮水性を確認した。   Therefore, a comparison is made with the total amount of water leakage (0.576 (l / s)) from 8 locations when the water shielding sheet 303 is installed on the bottom surface 302C of the water channel with an extension of 8 m and the water shielding sheet 303 is not installed. went. FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the elapsed time after the start of water passage and the amount of water leakage when the most downstream end of the water shielding sheet 303 is opened. 11 confirms the water-imperviousness by the backflow prevention drainage structure of the first embodiment, that is, (a) the water-imperviousness only by the adhesion between the water-impervious sheet and the housing / ground side smooth surface. did.

図１１において、通水開始後６１秒（ｍｉｎ）の段階では漏水量は０．１１９（ｌ／ｓ）であったが、通水開始後７０秒（ｍｉｎ）の段階では漏水量は０．１１７（ｌ／ｓ）にまで減少した。通水開始後７０秒（ｍｉｎ）の漏水量は、シートを設置しない場合、すなわち遮水性が期待できない場合の約２０％（０．１１７／０．５７６）に相当し、逆流防止水抜き構造の設置により約８０％の漏水防止効果が得られている。遮水シート３０３本体に柔軟性の良好な材料を使用することで、徐々に密着性が向上し、遮水性が得られることが分かった。   In FIG. 11, the amount of water leakage was 0.119 (l / s) at the stage of 61 seconds (min) after the start of water flow, but the amount of water leak was 0.117 at the stage of 70 seconds (min) after the start of water flow. It decreased to (l / s). The amount of water leakage for 70 seconds (min) after the start of water flow corresponds to about 20% (0.117 / 0.576) when no sheet is installed, that is, when water shielding cannot be expected. About 80% water leakage prevention effect is obtained by installation. It was found that the use of a material with good flexibility for the water shielding sheet 303 body gradually improved the adhesion and provided water shielding.

図１２は、上記第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造に模した実験を行うに際し、図９および図１０に記載の実験装置を用いて実験を行った結果を示すグラフで、通水開始後の経過時間と漏水量の関係を示す。水路内の内水位Ｌｖ１、すなわち水深は、０．１２ｍとした。この第８の実施例に係る実験装置では、遮水シート３０３の最下流端における形状、大きさ、遮水シート３０３の表面処理の方法および遮水シートの厚さを変えた。表１に示す３種類とした。   FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of an experiment conducted using the experimental apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in conducting an experiment simulating the structure for preventing backflow of a water structure according to the third embodiment. The relationship between the elapsed time after the start of water flow and the amount of water leakage is shown. The inner water level Lv1 in the water channel, that is, the water depth was 0.12 m. In the experimental apparatus according to the eighth example, the shape and size at the most downstream end of the water shielding sheet 303, the surface treatment method of the water shielding sheet 303, and the thickness of the water shielding sheet were changed. The three types shown in Table 1 were used.

Figure 0005109581
Figure 0005109581

図１２において、実施例８（第８の実施例）のＮｏ．８−１では、通水開始１８０秒（ｍｉｎ）後に漏水量は０．０００４１７（ｌ／ｓ）に収束している。これは図１１に示す第１の実施例（実施例１）に比較した場合の０．３６％（０．０００４１７／０．１１７）に相当し、実施例８では、実施例１に比較し９９．６４％の漏水防止効果が得られる。
実施例８のＮｏ．８−２では、通水開始１８０秒（ｍｉｎ）後に漏水量は０．０００２３３（ｌ／ｓ）に収束している。これは実施例１に比較した場合の０．２％（０．０００２３３／０．１１７）に相当し、逆流防止水抜き構造の設置により９９．８０％の漏水防止効果が得られる。
実施例８のＮｏ．８−３では、通水開始１８０秒（ｍｉｎ）後に漏水量は０．００３４５５（ｌ／ｓ）に収束している。これは実施例１に比較した場合の２．９５％（０．００３４５５／０．１１７）に相当し、逆流防止水抜き構造の設置により９７．０５％の漏水防止効果が得られる。 In FIG. 12, No. 8 of Example 8 (Eighth Example). In 8-1, the amount of water leakage converged to 0.000417 (l / s) 180 seconds (min) after the start of water flow. This corresponds to 0.36% (0.000417 / 0.117) compared to the first example (Example 1) shown in FIG. 11, and in Example 8, 99% compared to Example 1. 64% water leakage prevention effect is obtained.
No. 8 in Example 8. In 8-2, the amount of water leakage has converged to 0.000233 (l / s) 180 seconds (min) after the start of water flow. This corresponds to 0.2% (0.000233 / 0.117) compared to Example 1, and a water leakage prevention effect of 99.80% can be obtained by installing a backflow prevention water drain structure.
No. 8 in Example 8. In 8-3, the amount of water leakage converged to 0.003455 (l / s) 180 seconds (min) after the start of water flow. This corresponds to 2.95% (0.003455 / 0.117) compared to Example 1, and a water leakage prevention effect of 97.05% can be obtained by installing a backflow prevention drainage structure.

このように、実施例８の実験結果から、遮水シートの最下流端排水口の面積が小さく、遮水シートの厚さが厚く、表面処理は粗面のケースの方が遮水性が確保されることが分かった。   Thus, from the experimental results of Example 8, the area of the most downstream end drain outlet of the water-impervious sheet is small, the thickness of the water-impervious sheet is thick, and the surface treatment of the rough case ensures water impermeability. I found out.

図１３は、上記第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造に模した実験を行うに際し、図９および図１０に記載の実験装置を用いて実験を行った結果を示すグラフで、表１に示す実施例８のＮｏ．８−１のケースにおける通水開始後の経過時間と漏水量との関係を示している。水路３０２内の内水位Ｌｖ１、すなわち水深は０．１２ｍとした。この第９の実施例（実施例９）では、異物の混入を模して実験を行った。すなわち、上記第３の実施例と同様の構造を有する（ａ）遮水シート２３とシート状蓋部２６との間（図４および図５参照）および（ｂ）平滑部２７（躯体・地盤側の平滑処理面）とシート状蓋部２６との間（図４および図５参照）に、厚さ約０．５ｍｍ、目合い２０×２０ｍｍのネットを挟み込み、逆流防止水抜き構造内への異物の混入を模した。   FIG. 13 is a graph showing the results of an experiment performed using the experimental apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 when performing an experiment simulating the structure for preventing backflow of a water structure according to the third embodiment. No. of Example 8 shown in Table 1. The relationship between the elapsed time after the water flow start in the case of 8-1 and the amount of water leakage is shown. The inner water level Lv1 in the water channel 302, that is, the water depth was set to 0.12 m. In the ninth example (Example 9), an experiment was performed simulating the mixing of foreign matter. That is, (a) between the water-impervious sheet 23 and the sheet-like lid portion 26 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) and (b) the smoothing portion 27 (the housing / ground side) having the same structure as the third embodiment. Between the sheet-like lid portion 26 and the sheet-like lid portion 26 (see FIGS. 4 and 5), a net having a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a mesh size of 20 × 20 mm is sandwiched between the backflow prevention drainage structure and the foreign matter. Imitated mixing.

図１３において、通水開始後１０秒（ｍｉｎ）の段階では、漏水量は０．０１１１（ｌ／ｓ）であったが、通水開始１８０秒（ｍｉｎ）後の段階では漏水量は０．００９９（ｌ／ｓ）にまで減少しており、さらに減少する傾向にある。
通水開始後１８０秒（ｍｉｎ）における漏水量は、図１１に示す第１の実施例（実施例１）の漏水量の８．４６％（０．００９９／０．１１７）に相当し、逆流防止水抜き構造の設置により９１．５４％の漏水防止効果が得られている。
遮水シート２３およびシート状蓋部２６（図４および図５参照）に、柔軟性の良好な材料を使用することで、異物が混入した場合でも徐々に密着性が回復し、最終的には異物が混入していない場合とほぼ同じ状態になる。これにより、漏水量は時間とともに減少し、漏水防止効果の異物混入の影響を受けなくなる。 In FIG. 13, the amount of water leakage was 0.0111 (l / s) at the stage of 10 seconds (min) after the start of water flow, but the amount of water leak was 0.1 at the stage after the start of water flow 180 seconds (min). It has decreased to 0099 (l / s) and tends to decrease further.
The amount of water leakage at 180 seconds (min) after the start of water flow corresponds to 8.46% (0.0099 / 0.117) of the water leakage amount of the first example (Example 1) shown in FIG. The water leakage prevention effect of 91.54% is obtained by installing the prevention water drain structure.
By using a material with good flexibility for the water-impervious sheet 23 and the sheet-like lid portion 26 (see FIGS. 4 and 5), the adhesion gradually recovers even when foreign matter is mixed in. The state is almost the same as when no foreign matter is mixed. As a result, the amount of water leakage decreases with time, and is not affected by foreign matter mixing in the water leakage prevention effect.

異物混入を想定した実施例８のＮｏ．８−１の実験結果から、本発明の逆流防止水抜き構造は、仮に異物の混入があった場合でもシートの柔軟性があれば遮水性を低下させない構造であることが分かった。   In No. 8 of Example 8 assuming foreign matter contamination. From the experimental results of 8-1, it has been found that the backflow prevention drainage structure of the present invention is a structure that does not lower the water shielding property if the sheet is flexible even if foreign matter is mixed.

実験した全ての実施例において、水路外から水路内への排水性の確認を行った。排水性の確認では、水路３０２内の内水位Ｌｖ１を水深１２ｃｍに保持した状態で、水路外の外水位Ｌｖ２を徐々に上昇させた。
上記第１、第２の実施例と同様の構造を有する遮水シート３（図１、図３参照）と水路底部２Ａとの間、上記第３の実施例と同様の構造を有するシート状蓋部２６と遮水シート２３との間（図４および図５参照）について、上流側および側壁側を溶着または接着により一体化させると、全ての実施例において排水性が確保されることが分かった。一体化させない場合、遮水シート３の下側からの水圧が作用しても上側からの水圧により排水口５、１５、２５が閉塞され、排水性は確保されなかった。 In all the examples tested, the drainage from the outside of the canal to the inside of the canal was confirmed. In the confirmation of drainage, the outside water level Lv2 outside the water channel was gradually increased while the inner water level Lv1 in the water channel 302 was maintained at a water depth of 12 cm.
Between the water shielding sheet 3 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) having the same structure as the first and second embodiments and the water channel bottom 2A, a sheet-like lid having the same structure as the third embodiment It was found that when the upstream side and the side wall were integrated by welding or adhesion between the portion 26 and the water shielding sheet 23 (see FIGS. 4 and 5), drainage was ensured in all the examples. . When not integrated, even if the water pressure from the lower side of the water-impervious sheet 3 acts, the water outlets 5, 15, and 25 are blocked by the water pressure from the upper side, and the drainage property was not ensured.

なお、上記各実施例では、水路など水流のある水利構造物について述べているがこれに限られるものではなく、水流の生じない貯水池などにも適用可能であることはいうまでもない。この場合、開閉部位（排水口）は遮水シートの下流側に限定されることなく、遮水シート（または蓋部）外縁の一部に形成されていればよい。また、第３の実施例では、平滑部２７をシート状蓋部２６の下方の水路底部２Ａに設けているがこれに限られるものではなく、少なくとも開口部２４の下側と蓋部２６が重なる遮水シート２３の下側とに設けられていればよい。   In addition, although each said embodiment has described the water use structure with water flows, such as a water channel, it is not restricted to this, It cannot be overemphasized that it is applicable also to the reservoir etc. which a water flow does not produce. In this case, the opening / closing part (drain port) is not limited to the downstream side of the water-impervious sheet, and may be formed at a part of the outer edge of the water-impervious sheet (or the lid). Further, in the third embodiment, the smooth portion 27 is provided on the water channel bottom 2A below the sheet-like lid portion 26, but is not limited to this, and at least the lower side of the opening 24 and the lid portion 26 overlap. What is necessary is just to be provided in the lower side of the water-impervious sheet 23.

本発明の水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造は、例えばダム導水路、放水路、農工業用水路や上下水道管渠等の各種水路系構造物内面の漏水防止対策に遮水シートを適用する場合に有効であり、土木、建築業界において広く適用することができる。   The drainage structure for preventing backflow of the irrigation structure according to the present invention is a case where a water shielding sheet is applied to prevent water leakage on the inner surface of various waterway structures such as dam conduits, spillways, agricultural and industrial waterways, and water and sewer pipes. It is effective in the civil engineering and construction industries.

本発明の第１の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造を示す一部破断斜視図である。（実施例１）It is a partially broken perspective view which shows the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. Example 1 （Ａ）、（Ｂ）はそれぞれ、図１の逆流防止水抜き構造の遮水時と排水時の状態を示す要部の断面図である。(A), (B) is sectional drawing of the principal part which shows the state at the time of the water shielding of the backflow prevention drainage structure of FIG. （Ａ）、（Ｂ）はそれぞれ、本発明の第２の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造の遮水時と排水時の状態を示す要部の断面図である。（実施例２）(A), (B) is sectional drawing of the principal part which shows the state at the time of the water shielding of the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention, and the time of drainage, respectively. (Example 2) （Ａ）、（Ｂ）はそれぞれ、本発明の第３の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造の取り付け状態を示す説明図である。（実施例３）(A), (B) is explanatory drawing which respectively shows the attachment state of the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure which concerns on the 3rd Example of this invention. (Example 3) （Ａ）ないし（Ｃ）はそれぞれ、図４の逆流防止水抜き構造の遮水時と排水時の状態を示す要部の断面図および要部の平面図である。(A) thru | or (C), respectively, are sectional drawing of the principal part which shows the state at the time of the water shielding of the backflow prevention drainage structure of FIG. （Ａ）ないし（Ｃ）はそれぞれ、本発明の第４の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造の遮水時と排水時の状態を示す要部の断面図および要部の平面図である。（実施例４）(A) thru | or (C) respectively are sectional drawing of the principal part which shows the state at the time of the water interception and drainage of the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure which concerns on 4th Example of this invention, and the plane of the principal part FIG. Example 4 （Ａ）、（Ｂ）はそれぞれ、本発明の第５の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造の取り付け状態を示す説明図である。（実施例５）(A), (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the attachment state of the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure which concerns on the 5th Example of this invention, respectively. (Example 5) 本発明の第６の実施例に係る水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造を示す要部の平面図である。（実施例６）It is a top view of the principal part which shows the backflow prevention drainage structure of the water use structure which concerns on the 6th Example of this invention. (Example 6) 実験を行った逆流防止水抜き構造の実験装置を模式的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows typically the experimental apparatus of the backflow prevention drainage structure which conducted the experiment. （Ａ）、（Ｂ）はそれぞれ、図９の実験装置を示すＸ−Ｘ線断面図および平面図である。(A), (B) is respectively the XX sectional view and the top view which show the experimental apparatus of FIG. 図９の実験装置により、遮水シートの最下流端の水路底部の円形口１箇所を開放した場合における通水開始後の経過時間と漏水量との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the elapsed time after the start of water flow, and the amount of leaked water in the case where one circular opening at the bottom of the water channel at the most downstream end of the water shielding sheet is opened by the experimental device of FIG. 図９の実験装置により、第３の実施例に係る逆流防止水抜き構造に模した装置を用いて行った実験の通水開始後の経過時間と漏水量の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the elapsed time after the start of water flow of the experiment conducted using the apparatus imitating the backflow prevention drainage structure which concerns on a 3rd Example, and the amount of water leaks by the experimental apparatus of FIG. 図９の実験装置により、異物が混入する場合を想定して表１に示すケースについて行った実験の通水開始後の経過時間と漏水量の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the elapsed time after the start of water flow of the experiment conducted about the case shown in Table 1, assuming the case where a foreign material mixes with the experimental apparatus of FIG. 9, and the amount of water leaks.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

２ 水路（水利構造物）
２Ａ 水路底部（水利構造物表面）
３ 遮水シート
４（４Ａ〜４Ｃ） 密着部
５ 排水口
６、７ 平滑部
８ 開閉部 2 waterways (water use structures)
2A Water channel bottom (surface of irrigation structure)
3 Water shielding sheet 4 (4A to 4C) Adhering part 5 Drain port 6, 7 Smoothing part 8 Opening / closing part

Claims (3)

水利構造物外側への漏水を阻止し水利構造物外側から内側への排水を許容する水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造であって、
柔軟性を有する遮水シートを、水利構造物表面に構造物の漏水部を覆い隠して敷設し、 この遮水シートを、その外縁の一部が構造物側に密着される密着部と、遮水シート表裏側間の水圧の差により構造物表面側に接離自在に載置され排水口を形成可能な開閉部とを備えて構成するとともに、
上記排水口に対応する構造物表面には、平滑部を設け、構造物外側の水圧が高圧の際、開閉部を開放して遮水シート裏側の水を排水し、
平滑部には、開閉部に対応する部位に遮水性シートからなる着座部材を設け、
着座部材は、平滑部より外側に延長され、着座部材表裏間の水圧の差により構造物表面から接離し、着座部材裏側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面から離れて構造物側に水を排水し、着座部材表側の水圧が高くなると構造物表面に載置される着座部材開閉部を有することを特徴とする水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造。 A drainage structure for preventing backflow of the water structure that prevents water leakage to the outside of the water structure and allows drainage from the outside of the water structure to the inside,
A flexible water shielding sheet is laid on the surface of the irrigation structure so as to cover the water leakage portion of the structure, and the water shielding sheet is provided with a close contact portion where a part of the outer edge of the water shielding sheet is in close contact with the structure side. With an open / close part that can be freely contacted and separated on the surface side of the structure due to the difference in water pressure between the water sheet front and back sides, and can form a drain outlet,
The surface of the structure corresponding to the drain outlet is provided with a smooth portion, and when the water pressure outside the structure is high, the opening and closing portion is opened to drain the water behind the water shielding sheet ,
The smooth portion is provided with a seating member made of a water-impervious sheet at a portion corresponding to the opening and closing portion,
The seating member is extended outward from the smooth part, contacts and separates from the surface of the structure due to the difference in water pressure between the front and back of the seating member, and when the water pressure on the back side of the seating member increases, the seating member leaves the structure surface and drains water to the structure side. A drainage structure for preventing backflow of a water-use structure , comprising a seating member opening / closing portion that is placed on the surface of the structure when the water pressure on the front side of the seating member increases . 着座部材には開口を形成するとともに、この着座部材の一部を開閉部裏面と接続して一体動させることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造。 And forming an opening in the seat member, the backflow preventing draining structure of irrigation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that integrally moving a portion of the seat member connected to the opening and closing portion back surface. 開閉部表側面を、水抵抗が増大する粗面に形成したことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の水利構造物の逆流防止水抜き構造。 The reverse flow preventing drainage structure for a water conserving structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the open / close portion front surface is formed into a rough surface with increased water resistance.
JP2007280444A 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Water drainage structure for preventing backflow of irrigation structures Expired - Fee Related JP5109581B2 (en)

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