JP3992641B2 - Weir dam wear and scouring prevention method - Google Patents

Weir dam wear and scouring prevention method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3992641B2
JP3992641B2 JP2003116136A JP2003116136A JP3992641B2 JP 3992641 B2 JP3992641 B2 JP 3992641B2 JP 2003116136 A JP2003116136 A JP 2003116136A JP 2003116136 A JP2003116136 A JP 2003116136A JP 3992641 B2 JP3992641 B2 JP 3992641B2
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Prior art keywords
gravel
layer
scouring
crushed rock
wear
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JP2003116136A
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JP2004324056A (en
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角田  敦
泰祐 田中
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Du Pont Toray Co Ltd
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Du Pont Toray Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、河川の堰堤において、流水や土石の落下による流水落下部の磨耗・洗掘を防止する工法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
河川に設置してある各種堰堤は、経年の流水および土石の流下・衝撃等により、局部的に磨耗・洗掘等の損傷を受ける。高強度コンクリートでつくられた堰堤でさえ、1年位で数cm単位での磨耗が起こり、通常の場合、数年で洗掘の最深部は数十cmに達することが多い。このような洗掘状態がひどくなると、乱流発生による堰堤の破損や異常浸食などの不都合が起こる。
【0003】
このような堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止のために、これまでさまざまな方法が試みられてきた。すなわち、磨耗・洗掘が激しく起こる流水落下部表面に各種材料を張りつけることが行われてきた。
例えば、鋼板を張りつけるという方法があるが、コストが高いこと、堰堤コンクリートとの十分な付着が難しいこと、景観があまり好ましくないこと、万一流失したときには大型構造物なるが故の二次災害発生等の問題があった。自然石を張る方法は、堰堤コンクリートと自然石の十分な付着のための施工が難しく、施工期間が長くかかること、さらには、短期間に磨耗や割れが発生し易いこと、等の問題がある。また、各種ゴム系材料を張る、樹脂モルタルをコーティングする、および両者を併用する等の方法があるが、ゴム系材料は堰堤コンクリートとの付着確保が困難であり、コストが高く、また、樹脂モルタルのコーティングもコストが高く、漏水処理を含め高い施工技術が必要である、等の問題があった。
以上、これまで試みられてきた堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止の方法・工法はいずれも問題が多く、満足のいく結果が得られるものはなかった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
かかる状況に鑑みて、本発明は、耐久性のある磨耗・洗掘防止効果があり、施工が容易で施工期間も短く、補修も簡単な、堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止の工法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らが種々検討した結果、流水や流土石の衝撃エネルギー、とくに下方向の強いエネルギーは柔構造で受け、摩耗は現場で調達の容易な土石や岩石で受けるのがよいと考えた。
すなわち、本発明は、河川に設置されている堰堤の流水落下部に相当する部分に掘削部を設け、該掘削部の少なくとも内側壁を衝撃緩衝材で覆い、該掘削部内部には、砂層および/または砂利層である下層と、砕岩石および砂利からなる上層を設け、当該砕岩石および砂利からなる層は、網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートで被覆かつ結束し、その上に表層としての砕岩石および砂利からなる層を敷いたものであることを特徴とする堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止工法を提供するものである。
また、網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートは、比強度が200×10m以上、比弾性率が3×10m以上である繊維材料もしくは繊維強化複合材料とするのが好ましい。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止工法を図1、図2を参照しつつ、以下に詳細に説明する。
【0007】
河川に設置されている堰堤とは、水力発電所の取水用堰堤、農業用水用堰堤、飲料・工業用水用堰堤等、流水が落下もしくは流下することによって流下部に磨耗・洗掘などの現象が起こる堰堤であれば、すべて本発明工法の対象となり得る。
【0008】
本発明工法においては、まず、堰堤1の流水落下部に相当する部分に掘削部2を設ける。掘削部2は流水落下部全体に設けられるのが好ましいが、流水落下量が特に大きい部分を中心に部分的なものであってもよい。また、掘削の形態も特に制限されないが、通常の水量時に最も流水等の衝撃エネルギーが大きくかかりそうな部分を最も深く掘削したような形態であってよい。掘削部2の深さは、河川の流水量によるが、例えば、通常規模の水力発電所の取水用堰堤(最大流水量約10〜50m/sec)の場合は、0.5〜2.0m程度が適当である。
【0009】
本発明工法における掘削部2の少なくとも内側壁は、流水等の横方向の衝撃エネルギーを吸収するために、ゴム系材料等の衝撃緩衝材3で覆う。
衝撃緩衝材3は、衝撃緩衝作用があり、耐カット性・耐摩耗性に優れた材料であれば特に制限されないが、例えば、天然ゴム系材料、ウレタンゴム系系材料等が挙げられる。
なお、衝撃緩衝材3は掘削部2の側壁のみならず底面に敷きつめてもよい。
【0010】
衝撃緩衝材3を定着させた掘削部2には、次に、その内部に下層4として砂層および/または砂利層を設ける。この層は、流水等の下方向の衝撃エネルギーに対する緩衝層として働く。
この下層4の厚みは、特に制限されないが、通常、掘削部深さの1/10〜1/3程度が適当である。
【0011】
掘削部内部において、下層4である砂層および/または砂利層の上には、砕岩石および砂利からなる上層5を設け、当該砕岩石および砂利からなる層は、網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートで被覆かつ結束する。
この層は、多数の砕岩石とその間を埋める砂利部とからなり、砕岩石は流水等の下方向の強い衝撃エネルギーを受け止め、柔構造で衝撃エネルギーを緩衝的に受け止めるものである。間を埋める砂利部は砕岩石が動くときの潤滑部として働く。
ここで使用する砕岩石は、100mm角〜300mm角程度の適度の大きさでほぼ揃っていることが、結束の点から好ましく、本発明の工法を実施する河川の河原等から入手できれば運搬等のコスト面で有利である。
そして、この上層5の砕岩石および砂利は、網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートで被覆かつ結束されている。被覆及び結束は、この層の砕岩石および砂利全体を一つに被覆/結束するものであっても、複数に分けて被覆/結束するものであってもよい。
このように、網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートで被覆かつ結束されていることによって、流水等を受け止めても下流へ流されることはない。かつ、上記のように砕岩石は流水等の衝撃エネルギーを受けて若干の移動ができるため、砕岩石および砂利を被覆/結束したこの層は、全体として流水等の衝撃エネルギーを柔構造で受け止めるものである。
【0012】
砕岩石および砂利を被覆/結束する網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートとしては、比強度が200×10m以上、比弾性率が3×10m以上である繊維材料もしくは繊維強化複合材料が好ましい。
そのような材料としては、例えば、アラミド繊維、高密度ポリエチレン繊維、芳香族ポリエステル繊維やポリバラフェニレンベンズオキサゾール繊維などが挙げられる。
【0013】
この上層5の厚みは、特に制限されないが、通常、掘削部深さの1/3〜2/3程度が適当である。
【0014】
網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートで被覆かつ結束された砕岩石および砂利からなる上層5の上には、該上層と同様の砕岩石および砂利からなる表層6を敷きつめる。ただし、表層6の砕岩石および砂利は、上層5のように高強度シートで被覆かつ結束しない。
流水等の衝撃エネルギーを受けて磨耗・洗掘を防止するという観点のみからは、高強度シートで被覆かつ結束された砕岩石および砂利からなる上層5が掘削部の上まで埋められていてもよい。しかしながら、高強度シートで被覆かつ結束された上層5が流水等のエネルギーにより著しく変形した場合には、河川の流れ状態が不規則となり、洗掘時と同様に乱流発生による堰堤の破損や異常浸食等の不都合が生じ、美観も損なうこととなる。
高強度シートで被覆かつ結束しない砕岩石および砂利を表層6に敷きつめることで、そのような不都合は解消される。また、表層6の砕岩石および砂利が流されるであろうから、定期的に補修する必要もあるが、砕岩石、砂利は当該施工部の近くの河川流域から容易に入手できるであろう。
【0015】
この表層6の厚みは、特に制限されないが、通常、掘削部深さの1/10〜1/5程度が適当である。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、流水や流土石の衝撃エネルギー、とくに下方向の強いエネルギーを、土石や岩石を利用した柔構造で受けるので、耐久性のある磨耗・洗掘防止効果が得られ、施工が容易で施工期間も短く、補修も主として表層の砕岩石および砂利を補給する程度の簡単なものである。このように、磨耗・洗掘防止効果に優れ、施工や補修も容易な堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止の工法を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止工法の結果の一例の上方からの概観図である。
【図2】本発明の堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止工法における掘削部の断面の一例を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1 堰堤
2 掘削部
3 衝撃緩衝材
4 (掘削部内)下層
5 (掘削部内)上層
6 (掘削部内)表層
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a construction method for preventing wear and scouring of a flowing water falling portion caused by falling water or debris in a river dam.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various dams installed in rivers are locally damaged by abrasion, scouring, etc. due to running water, debris flow and impact. Even dams made of high-strength concrete wear out in units of several centimeters in about one year, and usually the deepest part of scouring reaches several tens of centimeters in several years. When such scouring conditions become severe, inconveniences such as breakage of the dam due to turbulent flow and abnormal erosion occur.
[0003]
Various methods have been tried to prevent such dams from being worn and scoured. In other words, various materials have been attached to the surface of the flowing water falling portion where wear and scouring occur violently.
For example, there is a method of sticking steel plates, but the cost is high, it is difficult to sufficiently adhere to the dam concrete, the landscape is not preferable, the occurrence of a secondary disaster due to a large structure when it is lost There was a problem. The method of stretching natural stone has problems such as difficult construction for sufficient adhesion between dam concrete and natural stone, long construction period, and easy occurrence of wear and cracks in a short period of time. . In addition, there are methods such as stretching various rubber materials, coating resin mortar, and using both in combination, but rubber materials are difficult to secure adhesion to dam concrete, and cost is high, and resin mortar However, the coating was also expensive and required high construction techniques including water leakage treatment.
As described above, all the methods and methods of dam wear and scouring prevention that have been attempted so far have many problems, and no satisfactory results have been obtained.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a method for preventing dam wear and scouring, which has durable wear and scour prevention effects, is easy to construct, has a short construction period, and is easy to repair. With the goal.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies by the present inventors, it has been considered that impact energy of flowing water and sedimentary rocks, especially strong energy in the downward direction, should be received by a soft structure, and wear should be received by soils and rocks that can be easily procured on site.
That is, the present invention provides an excavation part in a portion corresponding to a flowing water falling part of a dam installed in a river, covers at least an inner wall of the excavation part with an impact buffer, and the inside of the excavation part includes a sand layer and A lower layer that is a gravel layer and an upper layer made of crushed rock and gravel are provided, and the layer made of crushed rock and gravel is covered and bound with a net-like or porous high-strength sheet, and then crushed as a surface layer. It provides a method for preventing dam scouring and scouring, characterized by laying a layer of rock and gravel.
The net-like or porous high-strength sheet is preferably a fiber material or a fiber-reinforced composite material having a specific strength of 200 × 10 3 m or more and a specific modulus of 3 × 10 6 m or more.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The dam wear / scour prevention method according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS.
[0007]
The weirs installed in the rivers are water discharge dams, hydroelectric dams, drinking / industrial water dams, etc., which cause wear and scouring in the lower part of the basin due to falling or falling water. Any dam that occurs can be the subject of the present construction method.
[0008]
In the present construction method, first, the excavation part 2 is provided in a portion corresponding to the flowing water falling part of the dam 1. It is preferable that the excavation part 2 is provided in the whole flowing water falling part, However, The excavation part 2 may be a partial thing centering on the part where a flowing water falling amount is especially large. Also, the form of excavation is not particularly limited, but it may be a form in which a part where impact energy such as flowing water is most likely to be applied when the amount of water is normal is deeply excavated. The depth of the excavation part 2 depends on the amount of water flowing in the river. For example, in the case of a water intake weir (maximum water flow amount of about 10 to 50 m 3 / sec) of a normal-scale hydroelectric power plant, the depth is 0.5 to 2.0 m. The degree is appropriate.
[0009]
At least the inner wall of the excavation part 2 in the method of the present invention is covered with an impact cushioning material 3 such as a rubber-based material in order to absorb lateral impact energy such as flowing water.
The impact buffering material 3 is not particularly limited as long as it has an impact buffering effect and is excellent in cut resistance and wear resistance, and examples thereof include natural rubber materials and urethane rubber materials.
The shock absorbing material 3 may be laid not only on the side wall of the excavation part 2 but also on the bottom surface.
[0010]
Next, the excavation part 2 to which the shock absorbing material 3 is fixed is provided with a sand layer and / or a gravel layer as a lower layer 4 therein. This layer acts as a buffer layer against downward impact energy such as flowing water.
The thickness of the lower layer 4 is not particularly limited, but is usually about 1/10 to 1/3 of the depth of the excavated part.
[0011]
In the excavation part, an upper layer 5 made of crushed rock and gravel is provided on the sand layer and / or gravel layer, which is the lower layer 4, and the layer made of crushed rock and gravel is a net-like or porous high-strength sheet. Cover and bind.
This layer is composed of a number of crushed rocks and gravel between them. The crushed rocks receive strong impact energy in the downward direction, such as flowing water, and receive soft impact energy in a soft structure. The gravel part that fills in the space works as a lubrication part when the crushed rock moves.
It is preferable from the point of unity that the crushed rocks used here are approximately 100 mm square to about 300 mm square in size, and if it can be obtained from the riverbank of the river where the method of the present invention is carried out, it can be transported, etc. It is advantageous in terms of cost.
The crushed rock and gravel of the upper layer 5 are covered and bound with a net-like or porous high-strength sheet. The covering and binding may be one for covering / binding the entire crushed rock and gravel of this layer, or may be a plurality of covering / binding.
Thus, by covering and binding with a net-like or porous high-strength sheet, even if it receives running water or the like, it will not flow downstream. And as mentioned above, crushed rocks can move a little by receiving impact energy such as flowing water, so this layer that covers / bonds crushed rock and gravel as a whole accepts impact energy such as flowing water in a flexible structure. It is.
[0012]
As a net-like or porous high-strength sheet for covering / binding crushed rock and gravel, a fiber material or a fiber-reinforced composite material having a specific strength of 200 × 10 3 m or more and a specific modulus of 3 × 10 6 m or more is used. preferable.
Examples of such materials include aramid fibers, high density polyethylene fibers, aromatic polyester fibers, and polybaraphenylenebenzoxazole fibers.
[0013]
The thickness of the upper layer 5 is not particularly limited, but is usually about 1/3 to 2/3 of the depth of the excavated part.
[0014]
On the upper layer 5 made of crushed rock and gravel covered and bound with a net-like or porous high-strength sheet, a surface layer 6 made of crushed rock and gravel similar to the upper layer is laid. However, the crushed rock and gravel of the surface layer 6 are not covered and bound with a high-strength sheet like the upper layer 5.
From the standpoint of preventing wear and scouring by receiving impact energy such as flowing water, the upper layer 5 made of crushed rock and gravel covered and bound with a high-strength sheet may be buried above the excavated part. . However, if the upper layer 5 covered and bound with a high-strength sheet is significantly deformed by the energy of running water, the river flow condition becomes irregular, and the dam is damaged or abnormal due to turbulence as in scouring. Inconvenience such as erosion occurs, and the aesthetics are also impaired.
Such inconveniences are eliminated by laying the surface layer 6 with crushed rock and gravel that are not covered and bound with a high-strength sheet. Moreover, since the crushed rock and gravel of the surface layer 6 will be washed away, it is necessary to repair them regularly, but the crushed rock and gravel will be easily available from the river basin near the construction section.
[0015]
The thickness of the surface layer 6 is not particularly limited, but is usually about 1/10 to 1/5 of the depth of the excavated part.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention receives impact energy of flowing water and flowing debris, especially strong energy in the downward direction, with a soft structure using debris and rocks, so it can provide durable wear and scouring prevention effects and is easy to install. The construction period is short, and repairs are simple enough to replenish mainly crushed rocks and gravel. In this way, it is possible to provide a method for preventing dam scouring and scouring, which has an excellent effect of preventing scouring and scouring, and is easy to construct and repair.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view from above of an example of a result of a dam wear / scour prevention method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a cross section of an excavation portion in the dam wear / scour prevention method according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dam 2 Excavation part 3 Shock absorbing material 4 (in excavation part) Lower layer 5 (in excavation part) Upper layer 6 (in excavation part) Surface layer

Claims (2)

河川に設置されている堰堤の流水落下部に相当する部分に掘削部を設け、該掘削部の少なくとも内側壁を衝撃緩衝材で覆い、該掘削部内部には、砂層および/または砂利層である下層と、砕岩石および砂利からなる上層を設け、当該砕岩石および砂利からなる層は、網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートで被覆かつ結束し、その上に表層としての砕岩石および砂利からなる層を敷いたものであることを特徴とする堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止工法。An excavation part is provided in a portion corresponding to a flowing water falling part of a dam installed in a river, and at least an inner wall of the excavation part is covered with an impact buffer, and a sand layer and / or a gravel layer is formed inside the excavation part. A lower layer and an upper layer made of crushed rock and gravel are provided, and the layer made of crushed rock and gravel is covered and bound with a high-strength sheet or porous sheet, and a layer made of crushed rock and gravel as a surface layer thereon. A construction method for preventing weir scouring and scouring. 網状もしくは多孔状の高強度シートが、比強度が200×10m以上、比弾性率が3×10m以上である繊維材料もしくは繊維強化複合材料である請求項1記載の取水用堰堤の磨耗・洗掘防止工法。2. The intake weir according to claim 1, wherein the net-like or porous high-strength sheet is a fiber material or a fiber-reinforced composite material having a specific strength of 200 × 10 3 m or more and a specific modulus of 3 × 10 6 m or more. Abrasion / scouring prevention method.
JP2003116136A 2003-04-21 2003-04-21 Weir dam wear and scouring prevention method Expired - Fee Related JP3992641B2 (en)

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