JP5055285B2 - 鋼プラント廃棄物及び廃熱から水素及び（又は）他の気体を製造する方法 - Google Patents

鋼プラント廃棄物及び廃熱から水素及び（又は）他の気体を製造する方法 Download PDF

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JP5055285B2
JP5055285B2 JP2008532977A JP2008532977A JP5055285B2 JP 5055285 B2 JP5055285 B2 JP 5055285B2 JP 2008532977 A JP2008532977 A JP 2008532977A JP 2008532977 A JP2008532977 A JP 2008532977A JP 5055285 B2 JP5055285 B2 JP 5055285B2
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ムカルジー、トリディベシュ
バッタチャルジー、デバシシュ
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Description

本発明は、鋼プラント廃棄物及び廃熱から水素及び（又は）他の気体を製造する方法に関する。製造された気体流は又水素、一酸化炭素及び他の気体を含んでいても良い。
石油、天然ガス及び石炭のような再生不能なエネルギー源の用途及び減少が増えるに従って、水素は発展しうる代替燃料と次第に見なされつつある。水素気体の分離及び収集に関しては、かなりの数の方法が存在する。これらの方法の中で最も評判が良いのは、水（Ｈ２Ｏ）を水素及び酸素に分解する、電気分解及び原子炉又は石油精製プラントの高温利用である。これらの方法は、電気の使用、又は、閉ループ再生及び取扱いを必要とする、硫酸、沃化水素、金属亜鉛及び酸化亜鉛のような他の化学薬品の使用を含むので、それらは費用がかかる。このために水素の製造は高価な方法となっている。
鋼プラントにおいて、ＬＤスラグと呼ばれる塩基性酸素転炉からの溶融スラグのような発生廃棄物は、除去および更なる処理のため約１６００℃〜１７００℃の温度でピット中に投棄される。本発明において、この廃棄物質の熱は水素気体又は水素及び一酸化炭素を含む気体流の製造に利用することが出来る。
従って、本発明の主要な目的は、還元剤の存在下で水及び（又は）水蒸気又は両者の混合物を分解することにより水素を発生させるために、溶融スラグのような鋼プラント廃棄物の熱を利用することである。
本発明のもう一つの目的は、炭質材料の存在下で水又は水蒸気又は両者の混合物を分解することにより水素、一酸化炭素及び（又は）他の気体を発生させるために、鋼プラント廃棄物の熱を利用することである。
水は１８００°Ｋで、即ち、１５２７℃で水素及び酸素に分解する。本発明では、溶融スラグのような鋼プラント廃棄物で得られる熱を利用することにより、水及び（又は）水蒸気を水素及び酸素に分解することが出来る。
溶融スラグの廃棄物質は、脱硫、転炉、電気アーク炉（ＥＡＦ）のような鋼製造スラグ、高炉スラグ、サブマージド・アーク炉（ＳＡＦ）中のクロム鉄及びマンガン鉄スラグ、又はこれらスラグの混合物を含むことが出来る。
水及び（又は）水蒸気は、反応器中において、例えば、炭質材料のような還元剤の存在下で溶融スラグと接触させる。
ＦｅＯ、及び（又は）石炭、コークス又は耐火性ブロックの形状をした炭素のような他の還元剤が存在すると、水素発生の過程が増進する。（１５００℃を超える）操作温度では、依然として水素が酸素と結合して水を形成する可能性がある。しかしながら、該スラグ中に存在するＦｅＯは該酸素と反応してＦｅ２Ｏ３及びＦｅ３Ｏ４のような原子価のより高い酸化物を形成する。
スラグのすぐ近くでは酸素の熱力学的活性が減少するので、水素及び酸素の再結合の可能性は減少する。
（石炭、コークス又は黒鉛ブロックの形状をした）炭素のような強い脱酸素剤が存在すると、酸素除去の動特性が向上し、水素発生過程の効率が更に改善される。反応器中において還元剤の存在下で水及び（又は）水蒸気を溶融スラグと接触させることにより水素の発生を助ける本方法に使用するために、炭質材料のような還元剤としての廃棄物質は、鋼プラントで豊富に得られる。
かくして本発明は、溶融スラグのような鋼プラントからの溶融廃棄物を反応器に供給し、該溶融スラグを還元剤の存在下で水及び（又は）水蒸気と接触させて水素及び（又は）他の気体の流れを形成し、そして前記流れから水素及び（又は）他の気体を抽出する諸工程を含む、鋼プラント廃棄物及び廃熱から水素及び（又は）他の気体を製造する方法を提供する。
〔発明の詳細な説明〕
さて本発明は、別紙図面の図１の助けを借りて詳細に説明することが出来る。水及び（又は）水蒸気は、１６００℃を超える温度を有するＬＤスラグ又は他の鋼プラント廃棄物上に噴霧させる。該廃棄物は、静止状、例えば静止反応器又は取鍋又はポット１中にあるか、又は地面上にあるか、又は動いている（例えば、注入されつつあるか、又は傾斜を下って流動運動中であるか、又はコンベヤー上にある）。水道３を通って噴霧された水は、該熱いスラグと接触すると、直ちにバラバラになる。発散する気体は、該区域の上に置かれたフード２を通して流し込まれ、気体収集管４を用いて収集される。
反応器中の溶融スラグの好ましい温度は、該溶融スラグ中に水を噴霧する際、約１２５０℃より高い。
水の分解から発生した酸素は、存在する炭素と反応して一酸化炭素を形成する。次に、水素及び一酸化炭素を含む気体流を反応器から収集することが出来る。
本発明において、気体流の製造は水素及び一酸化炭素を１：０．２〜１：１の間の容量比で含む。
反応器で製造された気体流は、少なくとも１０容量パーセントの水素気体及び約１５容量パーセント以下の二酸化炭素を含む。
他の態様において、抽出された気体流は水素及び一酸化炭素を１：１〜約８：１の比で含むことが出来る。
存在する水は、再循環のために該気体流から抽出しても良い。
該水は、噴霧ノズルを用いて水を噴霧することにより、反応器中で溶融スラグと接触させる。水蒸気も又、管を用いて、反応器の中で溶融スラグ中に噴射することが出来る。
還元剤又は炭質材料は、水及び（又は）水蒸気と一緒に、反応器の中で溶融スラグ中に噴射することが出来る。
溶融スラグ中に噴射する炭質材料は、石炭、コークス、鋼プラント廃棄物、都市廃棄物、及び炭鉱廃棄物から成る群から選択される材料を含むことが出来る。噴射される水対炭質材料の比は、約１：０．１〜１：１であっても良い。
水素の形成を促進するために、溶融スラグ及び炭質材料にフラックスを添加しても良い。
本発明の方法により製造された水素及び（又は）他の気体の流れから、水素及び一酸化炭素を分離することが出来る。
鋼プラント廃棄物及びそれらの廃熱の利用は、水素又は水素及び一酸化炭素を発生させるコスト効率の良い方法である。毎年製造される９，０００万トンのＬＤスラグは、水素気体を世界中に供給するための主要源となることが出来る。
本発明に従って鋼プラント廃棄物及びそれらの廃熱を使用して気体流を製造するための設備略図を示す。

Claims (12)

  1. 鋼プラントの廃棄物及び廃熱から水素を含んでなる気体を製造する方法であって、
    前記鋼プラントの廃棄物及び廃熱から発生する１６００℃超の温度を有する溶融スラグであって、高炉スラグ、鋼製造の脱硫スラグ、鋼製造の転炉スラグ、サブマージド・アーク炉（ＳＡＦ）中のクロム鉄又はマンガン鉄スラグ、又はこれらの混合物からなるものを反応器に供給し、
    前記溶融スラグを水及び／又は水蒸気と、前記水及び／又は水蒸気の噴霧により、該反応器中で、前記鋼プラントの廃棄物である還元剤の存在下で接触させて水素を含んでなる気体流を形成し、
    前記水素を含んでなる気体流を抽出する、
    諸工程を含む前記の方法。
  2. 水を、噴霧ノズルを有する水道を用いて溶融スラグ中に噴霧する、請求項１に請求された方法。
  3. 水蒸気を、管を用いて溶融スラグ中に噴霧することを含む、請求項１に請求された方法。
  4. 鋼プラントの廃棄物である還元剤を水及び／又は水蒸気と一緒に反応器中に噴霧する、前記請求項１〜３の任意の一項に請求された方法。
  5. 鋼プラントの廃棄物である還元剤が炭質材料である、請求項１に請求された方法。
  6. 水素を含んでなる気体流が一酸化炭素も含む、請求項５に請求された方法。
  7. 水対炭質材料の比が１：０．１〜１：１の間である、請求項５に請求された方法。
  8. 水素の形成を促進するために前記溶融スラグ及び前記炭質材料にフラックスを添加する、請求項５に請求された方法。
  9. 抽出された水素を含んでなる気体流中の水素と一酸化炭素の体積比が１：０．２〜１：１の範囲である、請求項６に請求された方法。
  10. 抽出された水素を含んでなる気体流が、少なくとも１０容量パーセントの水素を含む、請求項１に請求された方法。
  11. 抽出された水素を含んでなる気体流が、１５容量パーセント以下の二酸化炭素を含む、請求項５に請求された方法。
  12. 抽出された水素を含んでなる気体流が、１：１〜８：１の水素／一酸化炭素比を有する、請求項６に請求された方法。
JP2008532977A 2005-09-30 2006-07-04 鋼プラント廃棄物及び廃熱から水素及び（又は）他の気体を製造する方法 Expired - Fee Related JP5055285B2 (ja)

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