CN101296858A - 由钢铁厂废料和废热生产氢气和/或其它气体的方法 - Google Patents

由钢铁厂废料和废热生产氢气和/或其它气体的方法 Download PDF

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CN101296858A
CN101296858A CNA2006800360072A CN200680036007A CN101296858A CN 101296858 A CN101296858 A CN 101296858A CN A2006800360072 A CNA2006800360072 A CN A2006800360072A CN 200680036007 A CN200680036007 A CN 200680036007A CN 101296858 A CN101296858 A CN 101296858A
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hydrogen
water
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CN101296858B (zh
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T·姆科赫吉
D·巴哈塔查杰
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Tata Steel Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于由钢铁厂废料和废热生产氢气和/或其它气体的方法，包括在反应器中提供来自钢铁厂的熔融废料如熔渣的步骤。该熔渣在还原剂存在下与水和/或水蒸汽接触以形成氢气和/或其它气体的气流。从来自反应器的气体气流中可提取出氢气和/或其它气体。

Description

由钢铁厂废料和废热生产氢气和/或其它气体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于由钢铁厂废料和废热生产氢气和/或其它气体的方法。所生产的气体气流还可包含氢气、一氧化碳和其它气体。
背景技术
随着越来越多地使用和消耗不可再生的能源如石油、天然气和煤，氢气越来越多地被视作为可行的替代燃料。现有相当多的用于分离和收集氢气的方法。在这些方法当中，最常见的是电解和使用高温核反应堆或者石油加工设备来将水(H2O)分解为氢气和氧气。这些方法是昂贵的，因为它们涉及到使用电或其它化学品如硫酸、碘化氢、金属锌和氧化锌，这需要闭合回路再生和处理。这导致氢的生产成为一种昂贵的方法。
在钢铁厂中，所产生的废料如来自碱性氧气转炉的被称作LD炉渣的熔渣在大约1600℃-1700℃的温度下被倾倒入渣坑中，以便除去或进一步处理。在本发明中，这种废料的热量可被用于含氢气或者氢和一氧化碳的气体气流的生产。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的因而在于使用钢铁厂废料如熔渣的热量，通过在还原剂存在下分解水和/或水蒸汽或二者的混合物来生产氢气。
本发明的另一目的在于使用钢铁厂废料的热量，通过在含碳物质存在下分解水或水蒸汽或二者的混合物生产氢气、一氧化碳和/或其它气体。
水在1800°K(即在1527℃)下分解成氢气和氧气。在本发明中，通过使用在钢铁厂废料如熔渣中可用的热量，水和/或水蒸汽可被分解成氢气和氧气。
熔渣的废料可包括炼钢炉渣如脱硫、转炉、电弧炉(EAF)、高炉的炉渣、埋弧炉(SAF)中的铬铁和锰铁炉渣，或者这些炉渣的混合物。
在反应器中在还原剂如含碳物质存在下，水和/或水蒸汽与熔渣接触。
FeO和/或其它还原剂如煤、焦炭或耐火砖形式的碳的存在增强了氢生成工艺。在操作温度(高于1500℃)下，氢仍可能与氧再结合形成水。但是，在炉渣中存在的FeO与氧反应形成较高价的氧化物如Fe2O3和Fe304。
在紧挨着炉渣附近的热力活性被降低，因而降低了氢与氧再结合的机会。
强脱氧剂如碳(煤、焦炭或石墨砖的形式)的存在增加了氧去除的动力，进一步提高了氢生成工艺的效率。作为还原剂的废料如含碳物质在钢铁厂是丰富可得的，以用于这种工艺，从而有助于通过使水和/或水蒸汽与熔渣在反应器中在还原剂存在下接触来产生氢气。
因而，本发明提供了用于由钢铁厂废料和废热生产氢气和/或其它气体的方法，包括以下步骤：在反应器中提供来自钢铁厂的熔融废料如熔渣；在还原剂存在下使熔渣与水和/或水蒸汽接触以形成氢气和/或其它气体的气流；并且从所述气流中提取氢气和/或其它气体。
附图说明
借助于附图可以更详细地描述本发明，在附图中：
图1所示为根据本发明使用钢铁厂的废料和它们的废热产生气体气流的示意性结构。
具体实施方式
将水和/或水蒸汽喷洒到具有高于1600℃的温度的LD炉渣，或者其它钢铁厂废料上。该废料要么是静态的，例如在静态反应器或者钢包或者槽1中或者在地面上，要么是移动的(例如被倾倒或者沿斜面向下的流体运动或者在输送机上)。通过水线路3喷洒的水在与热炉渣接触时立即分解。散发出的气体通过置于该区域之上的罩2被集中(funneled)，并且使用气体收集管4进行收集。
当将水喷洒到熔渣中时，反应器中熔渣的优选温度大于大约1250℃。
由水分解产生的氧气将与所存在的碳反应形成一氧化碳。包含氢气和一氧化碳的气体气流则可以从该反应器收集。
在本发明中，气体气流的生产包含体积比为1∶0.2至1∶1的氢气和一氧化碳。
在反应器中产生的气体气流包含至少10体积％的氢气和不大于大约15体积％的二氧化碳。
在另一实施方案中，提取的气体气流可包含比例为1∶1至约8∶1的氢气和一氧化碳。
可从该气体气流中提取出所存在的水以用于再循环。
通过使用喷嘴喷洒水使水与熔渣接触。也可使用喷枪将水蒸汽注入到反应器中的熔渣中。
还原剂或含碳物质可以连同水和/或水蒸汽一起被注入到反应器中的熔渣中。
被注入到熔渣中的含碳物质可包括选自煤、焦炭、钢铁厂废料、城市废物和煤矿废料的物质。水与注入的含碳物质的比例可以是大约1∶0.1至1∶1。
为了促进氢气的形成，可向熔渣和含碳物质中添加熔剂(flux)。
从通过本发明方法生产的氢气和/或其它气体的气流中可分离出氢气和一氧化碳。
钢铁厂废料以及它们的废热的使用是生产氢气或氢气和一氧化碳的成本有效的方法。每年产生的9千万吨的LD炉渣可以是全球范围内氢气供应的主要来源。

Claims (19)

1.用于由钢铁厂废料和废热生产氢气和/或其它气体的方法，包括以下步骤：
-在反应器中提供来自钢铁厂的熔融废料，如熔渣；
-在还原剂存在下使熔渣与水和/或水蒸汽接触以形成氢气和/或其它气体的气流；并且
-从所述气流中提取氢气和/或其它气体。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述熔渣是以下物质的一种或者混合物：高炉渣、炼钢的脱硫渣、炼钢的转炉炉渣、埋弧炉(SAF)中的铬铁或锰铁炉渣。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中所述接触步骤包括使用具有喷嘴的水线路将水喷洒到所述熔渣中。
4.权利要求3的方法，其中在所述水喷洒步骤过程中所述熔渣的温度大于1250℃。
5.权利要求1的方法，其中所述接触步骤包括使用喷枪将水蒸汽注入到所述熔渣中。
6.前述权利要求的方法，其中所述接触步骤包括在所述熔渣中注入所述还原剂连同注入所述水和/或水蒸汽。
7.用于生产氢气和/或一氧化碳，以及其它气体的气流的方法，包括以下步骤：
-在反应器中提供来自钢铁厂的熔融废料，如熔渣；
-在含碳物质存在下使熔渣与水和/或水蒸汽接触以形成氢气和或其它气体的气流；并且
-从所述反应器中提取所述的气体的气流。
8.权利要求7的方法，其中所述熔渣是以下物质的一种或者混合物：高炉渣、炼钢的脱硫渣、炼钢的转炉炉渣、埋弧炉(SAF)中的铬铁或锰铁炉渣。
9.权利要求7的方法，其中所述接触步骤包括使用喷嘴将水喷洒到所述熔渣中。
10.权利要求9的方法，其中在所述水注入步骤过程中所述熔渣的温度大于1250℃。
11.权利要求7的方法，其中所述接触步骤包括使用喷枪将水蒸汽注入到所述熔渣中。
12.权利要求7的方法，其中所述接触步骤包括在所述熔渣中注入所述含碳物质连同注入所述水和/或水蒸汽。
13.权利要求7的方法，其中所述含碳物质包括选自煤、焦炭、钢铁厂废料、城市废物和煤矿废料的物质。
14.权利要求7的方法，其中水与含碳物质的比例是1∶0.1至1∶1。
15.权利要求7的方法，其中向所述熔渣和所述含碳物质中添加熔剂，以用于促进氢气的形成。
16.权利要求7的方法，其中所产生的氢气与一氧化碳的体积比是1∶0.2至1∶1。
17.权利要求7的方法，其中从所述反应器中提取的所述气体气流包含至少10体积％的氢气。
18.权利要求7的方法，其中在反应器中产生的所述气体气流包含不大于15体积％的二氧化碳。
19.权利要求7的方法，其中所述气体气流包含比例为1∶1至大约8∶1的氢气/一氧化碳。
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