JP5033457B2 - Water treatment chemical injection method - Google Patents

Water treatment chemical injection method Download PDF

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JP5033457B2
JP5033457B2 JP2007093549A JP2007093549A JP5033457B2 JP 5033457 B2 JP5033457 B2 JP 5033457B2 JP 2007093549 A JP2007093549 A JP 2007093549A JP 2007093549 A JP2007093549 A JP 2007093549A JP 5033457 B2 JP5033457 B2 JP 5033457B2
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邦雄 縣
利信 徳丸
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アクアス株式会社
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Description

本発明は、空調用、各種工業用等の開放循環冷却水系に注入する水処理薬剤の注入方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for injecting a water treatment chemical to be injected into an open circulating cooling water system for air conditioning, various industrial use, and the like.

開放型冷却水系では、水を循環利用している。よって冷却水の蒸発・濃縮は不可避である。冷却水の蒸発・濃縮によりカルシウム等のスケールが発生し、さらに、循環利用中に微生物が増殖しスライムも発生する。加えて構成機器の軟鋼や銅の腐食が発生する問題が起こる。   In the open cooling water system, water is circulated. Therefore, evaporation / concentration of cooling water is inevitable. The scale of calcium and the like is generated by evaporation and concentration of the cooling water, and further, microorganisms grow and slime is generated during circulation. In addition, there is a problem that corrosion of mild steel and copper of the component equipment occurs.

こうした問題を防止して、設備機器の安全かつ効率的な運転を確保するため冷却水に水処理薬剤が注入される。   Water treatment chemicals are injected into the cooling water to prevent such problems and ensure safe and efficient operation of the equipment.

開放循環冷却水系に注入される水処理薬剤には、防食剤、スケール防止剤、スライム防除剤、及びこれらの各種成分を配剤し複数の効果を持たせた薬剤等がある。   Examples of water treatment chemicals injected into the open circulation cooling water system include anticorrosives, scale inhibitors, slime control agents, and agents that have a plurality of effects by dispensing these various components.

水処理薬剤は、冷却水中に一定濃度を維持することで効果を発し、濃度が低い場合は効果が不十分となり上記各種の問題が発生する。一方、水処理薬剤の濃度が高すぎる場合は水処理薬剤の費用がかさみ不経済となるとともに、弊害をもたらすこともある。   The water treatment chemical produces an effect by maintaining a constant concentration in the cooling water. When the concentration is low, the effect becomes insufficient and the above-mentioned various problems occur. On the other hand, when the concentration of the water treatment chemical is too high, the cost of the water treatment chemical becomes high and uneconomical, and it may cause harmful effects.

従って、水処理薬剤を使用する場合は、使用目的に対応して最も効果的かつ経済的に注入されなければならない。即ち、水処理薬剤の機能を十分発揮させる為に開放循環冷却系で一定量以上の濃度を維持、管理することが必要である。そこで、開放循環冷却水系には、不足した水処理薬剤を適宜補充する必要が生じる。   Therefore, when using a water treatment chemical, it must be injected most effectively and economically according to the purpose of use. That is, it is necessary to maintain and manage a concentration of a certain amount or more in an open circulation cooling system in order to fully exert the function of the water treatment chemical. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately replenish the open circulating cooling water system with the insufficient water treatment chemical.

このような水処理薬剤を冷却水に注入し、冷却水中の水処理薬剤濃度を一定に維持する手段として、従来から以下の様な方法が採用されてきた。   Conventionally, the following methods have been employed as means for injecting such a water treatment chemical into cooling water and maintaining a constant concentration of the water treatment chemical in the cooling water.

開放循環冷却水系への水処理薬剤の注入方法として、特許文献１、２に開示された、タイマーによって薬注ポンプを制御し、定期的に水処理薬剤を注入する方法がある。
特開平０８−１７３９７１号公報 実新出願平０９−１０５９２号公報 As a method for injecting a water treatment chemical into an open circulation cooling water system, there is a method disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, in which a chemical injection pump is controlled by a timer and water treatment chemicals are periodically injected.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-173971 Japanese Patent Application No. 09-10592

タイマーによって薬注ポンプを制御する水処理薬剤の注入方法では、一定時間の経過後、一定量の水処理薬剤を注入するため、冷却塔や冷凍機の負荷に応じて注入量を変化させることが難しく、冷却水中の薬剤濃度を一定に維持することは困難である。従って、冷却水中で一定以上の薬剤濃度を確保するためには、過剰に注入するしかなく、経済的でなかった。   In the water treatment chemical injection method that controls the chemical injection pump with a timer, a fixed amount of water treatment chemical is injected after a certain period of time, so the injection amount can be changed according to the load of the cooling tower or refrigerator. It is difficult to maintain a constant drug concentration in the cooling water. Therefore, in order to ensure a drug concentration of a certain level or higher in the cooling water, there is no choice but to inject excessively, which is not economical.

また、特許文献３、特許文献４には、水処理薬剤をトレーサー物質とし、あるいは水処理薬剤に比例した濃度のトレーサー物質を添加し、トレーサー物質を連続的に測定して水処理薬剤を注入する方法が開示されている。   Further, in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4, a water treatment chemical is used as a tracer substance, or a tracer substance having a concentration proportional to the water treatment chemical is added, and the water treatment chemical is injected by continuously measuring the tracer substance. A method is disclosed.

しかし、特許文献３、４記載の水処理薬剤の注入方法では、冷却水中の水処理薬剤濃度を一定に維持することは可能であるが、高度な測定機器を必要とするため初期投資が多額となる。加えて、測定制御機器を安全かつ高精度に維持・運転させるためのメンテナンス費用も高いものとなる。
特開平４−２９６６５２号公報 特開２００４−３２２０５８号公報 However, in the methods for injecting water treatment chemicals described in Patent Documents 3 and 4, it is possible to keep the water treatment chemical concentration in the cooling water constant, but since an advanced measuring instrument is required, the initial investment is large. Become. In addition, maintenance costs for maintaining and operating the measurement control device safely and with high accuracy are also high.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 4-296665 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-322058

また、特許文献５に示すように、パルス発信式流量計等で補給水の補給量を測定し、補給水に対して一定量の水処理薬剤を比例注入する方法が知られている。この方法は、比較的簡便かつ装置の信頼性も高く、自動ブローによる冷却水の濃縮管理と組み合わせることで冷却水中の薬剤濃度を一定に維持することが可能である。しかし、この方法でも、高価なパルス発信式流量計を補給水ラインの配管内に設置する必要があり、経済的かつ簡便な方法とは言えない。
特開平０７−１１９９１６号公報 Moreover, as shown in Patent Document 5, a method is known in which a replenishment amount of replenishment water is measured with a pulse transmission type flow meter or the like, and a fixed amount of water treatment chemical is proportionally injected with respect to the replenishment water. This method is relatively simple and highly reliable, and can be combined with cooling water concentration management by automatic blow to maintain a constant drug concentration in the cooling water. However, even with this method, it is necessary to install an expensive pulse transmission type flow meter in the piping of the makeup water line, which is not an economical and simple method.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-119916

そこで、本発明は、経済的、簡便に、冷却水中の水処理薬剤を所定の濃度に維持することができる、開放循環冷却水系における水処理薬剤の注入方法を提供することを課題とする。   Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the injection method of the water treatment chemical | medical agent in an open circulation cooling water system which can maintain the water treatment chemical | medical agent in cooling water at a predetermined density | concentration economically and simply.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためのものである。即ち、
熱交換器に冷却水を循環供給すると共にこの冷却水を冷却塔で冷却し、かつ、冷却水の一部をブローすると共に補給水を供給して冷却水の濃縮倍率を一定に保つようにした開放循環冷却水系において、
冷却塔から熱交換器に向かう冷却水（循環水）の温度Ｔ１（℃）、熱交換器から冷却塔に戻る冷却水（循環水）の温度Ｔ２（℃）に基づき、
次式（Ａ）及び式（Ｂ）に従って前記冷却水への補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）を求め、

Ｍｔ＝η×（（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）×ｃ×Ｒ／Ｑ）×（Ｎ／（Ｎ−１））・・・式（Ａ）
η＝ａ×Ｔ０＋ｂ・・・式（Ｂ）

Ｍｔ：補正理論補給水量（ｍ３／ｈ）
ｃ：水の比熱（ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ・℃）
Ｒ：冷却水の循環水量（ｍ３／ｈ）
Ｑ：水の蒸発潜熱（ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ）
Ｎ：冷却水の濃縮倍率（倍）
η：補正係数（外気温の１次関数）
Ｔ０：外気温（℃）
ａ、ｂ：理論補給水量（（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）×ｃ×Ｒ／Ｑ）×（Ｎ／（Ｎ−１））と
補給水量の実測値とを比較し、前記補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）が
補給水量の実測値に一致するようにａ及びｂを計算して定める定数

前記補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）に比例する量の水処理薬剤を前記冷却水に注入することを特徴とする水処理薬剤の注入方法を提供するものである。 The present invention is for solving the above-mentioned problems. That is,
Cooling water is circulated and supplied to the heat exchanger and this cooling water is cooled by the cooling tower, and a part of the cooling water is blown and makeup water is supplied to keep the concentration ratio of the cooling water constant. In an open circulating cooling water system,
Based on the temperature T1 (° C.) of the cooling water (circulated water) from the cooling tower to the heat exchanger and the temperature T2 (° C.) of the cooling water (circulating water) returning from the heat exchanger to the cooling tower,
According to the following equations (A) and (B), a corrected theoretical makeup water amount (Mt) for the cooling water is obtained,

Mt = η × ((T2−T1) × c × R / Q) × (N / (N−1)) Expression (A)
η = a × T0 + b Formula (B)

Mt: corrected theoretical makeup water volume (m 3 / h)
c: Specific heat of water (kcal / kg · ° C)
R: Circulating water volume of cooling water (m 3 / h)
Q: latent heat of vaporization of water (kcal / kg)
N: Concentration ratio of cooling water (times)
η: Correction coefficient (linear function of outside temperature)
T0: Outside air temperature (° C)
a, b: Theoretical makeup water amount ((T2-T1) × c × R / Q) × (N / (N−1))
Compared with the actual measured value of the makeup water amount, the corrected theoretical makeup water amount (Mt) is
Constants determined by calculating a and b so that they match the measured value of the makeup water volume

A water treatment chemical injection method is provided, wherein a water treatment chemical in an amount proportional to the corrected theoretical makeup water amount (Mt) is injected into the cooling water.

本発明は、以上の構成であるから、水処理薬剤の冷却水中での濃度を所定の濃度に簡易・低コストに維持・管理することができる。   Since this invention is the above structure, it can maintain and manage the density | concentration in the cooling water of a water treatment chemical | medical agent to a predetermined density | concentration simply and at low cost.

即ち、Ｔ１、Ｔ２を測定し、その他のデータは、予め、開放循環冷却水系毎に定まる値を入力情報として用い、式（１）から理論補給水量を求めることで、開放循環冷却水系１への補給水４ａ量を簡易かつ精度よく把握することができ、その理論補給水量に比例した水処理薬剤５ａを冷却水２ａに注入することで、簡易かつ精度よく、冷却水２ａ中の水処理薬剤５ａを所定の濃度に維持することができることとなる。   That is, T1 and T2 are measured, and the other data is obtained in advance by using the value determined for each open circulating cooling water system as input information, and obtaining the theoretical makeup water amount from the equation (1). The amount of the makeup water 4a can be easily and accurately grasped, and the water treatment chemical 5a in the cooling water 2a is simply and accurately injected by injecting the water treatment chemical 5a proportional to the theoretical makeup water amount into the cooling water 2a. Can be maintained at a predetermined concentration.

従って、従来のように、補給水４ａ量を実測するため、高価なパルス発信式流量計を設置する必要がなく、簡易、低コストで補給水４ａ量を把握することができる。またパルス発信式流量計を設置するために開放循環冷却水系の稼働を停止する必要がなく、簡便に既存の開放循環冷却水系に適用できる点、極めて優れている。   Therefore, since the amount of the makeup water 4a is measured as in the prior art, it is not necessary to install an expensive pulse transmission type flow meter, and the amount of the makeup water 4a can be grasped simply and at low cost. Further, it is extremely excellent in that it is not necessary to stop the operation of the open circulating cooling water system in order to install the pulse transmission type flow meter, and can be easily applied to the existing open circulating cooling water system.

また、Ｔ１を冷却塔２から熱交換器３ｃに向かう冷却水配管（冷却水往配管３ｅ）に接触させかつ断熱材で被覆した温度センサ（往）１０を用いて、Ｔ２を熱交換器３ｃから冷却塔２に戻る冷却水配管（冷却水還配管３ｄ）に接触させかつ断熱材で被覆した温度センサ（還）９を用いてそれぞれ測定することで、開放循環冷却水系の稼働を停止することなく、温度センサ（往）１０、（還）９を設置でき、Ｔ１、Ｔ２を測定することができる。加えて、温度センサ（還）９、（往）１０を断熱材で被覆することで、Ｔ１、Ｔ２の測定精度が高くなり、理論補給水量を精度よく求めることができ、冷却水２ａ中の水処理薬剤５ａの濃度を簡易に所定の濃度に維持することができることとなる。   Further, T2 is removed from the heat exchanger 3c by using a temperature sensor (outward) 10 in which T1 is brought into contact with a cooling water pipe (cooling water forward pipe 3e) from the cooling tower 2 toward the heat exchanger 3c and covered with a heat insulating material. Without stopping the operation of the open circulation cooling water system by measuring each using the temperature sensor (return) 9 which is in contact with the cooling water pipe (cooling water return pipe 3d) returning to the cooling tower 2 and covered with a heat insulating material. Temperature sensors (out) 10 and (return) 9 can be installed, and T1 and T2 can be measured. In addition, by covering the temperature sensors (return) 9 and (out) 10 with a heat insulating material, the measurement accuracy of T1 and T2 is increased, and the theoretical replenishment water amount can be accurately obtained, and the water in the cooling water 2a The concentration of the treatment chemical 5a can be easily maintained at a predetermined concentration.

さらに、理論補給水量を外気温（Ｔ０）の１次関数となる補正係数（η）を基に補正し、補正した理論補給水量（以下、補正理論補給水量という。）を求めることにより、より精度よく補給水量を把握し、その補正理論補給水量に比例した水処理薬剤５ａを冷却水２ａに注入することで、より適切に水処理薬剤５ａの冷却水２ａ中での濃度を所定値に管理することができることとなる。 Furthermore, the theoretical makeup water amount is corrected based on a correction coefficient (η) that is a linear function of the outside air temperature (T0), and a corrected theoretical makeup water amount (hereinafter referred to as a corrected theoretical makeup water amount) is obtained for more accuracy. By well grasping the amount of makeup water and injecting the water treatment chemical 5a proportional to the corrected theoretical makeup water volume into the cooling water 2a, the concentration of the water treatment chemical 5a in the cooling water 2a is more appropriately managed to a predetermined value. Will be able to.

水処理薬剤の冷却水中での濃度を所定の濃度に簡易・低コストに維持・管理する目的を、熱交換器３ｃに冷却水２ａを循環供給すると共にこの冷却水２ａを冷却塔２で冷却し、かつ、冷却水２ａの一部をブローすると共に補給水４ａを供給して冷却水２ａの濃縮倍率を一定に保つようにした開放循環冷却水系において、
冷却塔２から熱交換器３ｃに向かう冷却水２ａ（循環水３ａ）の温度Ｔ１（℃）を冷却塔２から熱交換器３ｃに向かう冷却水往配管３ｅに接触させ、かつ断熱材で被覆した温度センサ（往）１０を用いて、熱交換器３ｃから冷却塔２に戻る冷却水２ａ（循環水３ａ）の温度Ｔ２（℃）を熱交換器３ｃから冷却塔２に戻る冷却水還配管３ｄに接触させ、かつ断熱材で被覆した温度センサ（還）９を用いて、それぞれ測定し、
次式（１）
Ｍ＝（（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）×ｃ×Ｒ／Ｑ）×（Ｎ／（Ｎ−１））・・・式（１）
Ｍ：理論補給水量（ｍ３／ｈ）
ｃ：水の比熱（ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ・℃）
Ｒ：冷却水の循環水量（ｍ３／ｈ）
Ｑ：水の蒸発潜熱（ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ）
Ｎ：冷却水の濃縮倍率（倍）
に従って前記冷却水２ａへの理論補給水量（Ｍ）を求め、
さらに、前記理論補給水量（Ｍ）を外気温Ｔ０（℃）の関数となる補正係数を用いて補正し、該補正した理論補給水量（補正理論補給水量）に比例する量の水処理薬剤５ａを前記冷却水２ａに注入することを特徴とする水処理薬剤の注入方法の構成とすることで実現した。 For the purpose of maintaining and managing the concentration of the water treatment chemical in the cooling water to a predetermined concentration simply and at low cost, the cooling water 2a is circulated and supplied to the heat exchanger 3c and the cooling water 2a is cooled by the cooling tower 2. And in an open circulating cooling water system in which a part of the cooling water 2a is blown and makeup water 4a is supplied to keep the concentration ratio of the cooling water 2a constant.
The temperature T1 (° C.) of the cooling water 2a (circulated water 3a) from the cooling tower 2 to the heat exchanger 3c is brought into contact with the cooling water outlet pipe 3e from the cooling tower 2 to the heat exchanger 3c and is covered with a heat insulating material. The temperature sensor (outward) 10 is used to return the temperature T2 (° C.) of the cooling water 2a (circulated water 3a) returning from the heat exchanger 3c to the cooling tower 2 to the cooling water return pipe 3d returning from the heat exchanger 3c to the cooling tower 2. Measured with a temperature sensor (return) 9 that was in contact with
The following formula (1)
M = ((T2−T1) × c × R / Q) × (N / (N−1)) (1)
M: Theoretical makeup water volume (m 3 / h)
c: Specific heat of water (kcal / kg · ° C)
R: Circulating water volume of cooling water (m 3 / h)
Q: latent heat of vaporization of water (kcal / kg)
N: Concentration ratio of cooling water (times)
The theoretical makeup water amount (M) to the cooling water 2a is obtained according to
Further, the theoretical makeup water amount (M) is corrected using a correction coefficient that is a function of the outside air temperature T0 (° C.), and an amount of water treatment chemical 5a proportional to the corrected theoretical makeup water amount (corrected theoretical makeup water amount) is obtained. The water treatment chemical injection method is characterized in that it is injected into the cooling water 2a.

なお、Ｔ１、Ｔ２は測定値であり、Ｔ１は冷却水往配管３ｅ中の冷却水２ａ（循環水３ａ）の測定値であれば、どの位置でどのように測定した値であってもよく、Ｔ２は冷却水還配管３ｄ中の冷却水２ａ（循環水３ａ）の測定値であれば、どの位置でどのように測定した値であってもよい。また、冷凍機等で、冷却水の入り口、出口の温度をリアルタイムに測定している場合等、開放循環冷却水系の運転情報からＴ１、Ｔ２の値が得られる場合には、その値を採用しても構わない。   T1 and T2 are measured values, and T1 may be a measured value at any position as long as it is a measured value of the cooling water 2a (circulated water 3a) in the cooling water forward pipe 3e. As long as T2 is a measured value of the cooling water 2a (circulated water 3a) in the cooling water return pipe 3d, it may be a value measured at any position. In addition, when the values of T1 and T2 are obtained from the operation information of the open circulating cooling water system, such as when the temperature of the inlet and outlet of the cooling water is measured in real time with a refrigerator, etc., those values are adopted. It doesn't matter.

また、Ｔ１、Ｔ２は、それぞれ単位時間当たりの平均温度を使用してもよく、例えば、１時間当たりのＴ１、Ｔ２、それぞれの平均値から、式（１）に従って、１時間当たりの理論補給水量を求めてもよい。   T1 and T2 may each use an average temperature per unit time. For example, from T1 and T2 per hour, the average value of each, according to the formula (1), the theoretical amount of replenishment water per hour You may ask for.

水の比熱（ｃ）は、温度によって変化する値であるが、誤差が小さいため、１ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ・℃として差し支えない。ただし、温度に対応する比熱データを予め入力しておき、冷却水２ａの測定温度（Ｔ１、Ｔ２等）に対応する比熱（ｃ）を用いれば、さらに精度よく理論補給水を求めることができる。   The specific heat (c) of water is a value that varies depending on the temperature, but since the error is small, it can be set to 1 kcal / kg · ° C. However, if the specific heat data corresponding to the temperature is input in advance and the specific heat (c) corresponding to the measured temperature (T1, T2, etc.) of the cooling water 2a is used, the theoretical makeup water can be obtained with higher accuracy.

冷却水２ａの循環水量（Ｒ）は通常一定とみなすことができるので、開放循環冷却水系毎に設計値として定まる循環水量（Ｒ）を使用して差し支えない。ただし、循環ライン３に、循環水３ａの循環水量を測定するための流量計を設置してもよく、前記流量計で測定した循環水量を使用することもできる。   Since the circulating water amount (R) of the cooling water 2a can normally be regarded as constant, the circulating water amount (R) determined as a design value for each open circulating cooling water system may be used. However, a flow meter for measuring the circulating water amount of the circulating water 3a may be installed in the circulation line 3, and the circulating water amount measured by the flow meter can also be used.

水の蒸発潜熱（Ｑ）は、冷却水２ａの温度に応じて定まる定数であるが、一般的に、冷却水の温度は３０℃程度であるので、簡易には３０℃における水の蒸発潜熱（５８０Ｋｃａｌ／Ｋｇ）を使用して差し支えない。ただし、理論補給水量の算出精度をより高めるために、温度に対応する蒸発潜熱のデータを予め入力しておき、Ｔ１、Ｔ２、又はＴ１、Ｔ２の平均値等に対応する水の蒸発潜熱（Ｑ）を使用しても構わない。   Although the latent heat of vaporization (Q) of water is a constant determined according to the temperature of the cooling water 2a, generally, the temperature of the cooling water is about 30 ° C. 580 Kcal / Kg) can be used. However, in order to further increase the calculation accuracy of the theoretical makeup water amount, the latent heat of vaporization corresponding to the temperature is input in advance, and the latent heat of vaporization of water corresponding to the average value of T1, T2 or T1, T2 etc. (Q ) May be used.

冷却水の濃縮倍率（Ｎ）は、冷却水の管理目標水質と補給水水質から開放循環冷却水系毎に適宜設定した定数である。ただし、冷却水の水質情報（電気伝導率やイオン濃度）を測定し、補給水の水質情報で除した値を濃縮倍率として採用することも可能である。   The cooling water concentration ratio (N) is a constant set as appropriate for each open circulating cooling water system from the management target water quality and the makeup water quality of the cooling water. However, it is also possible to measure the water quality information (electric conductivity and ion concentration) of the cooling water and adopt the value divided by the water quality information of the makeup water as the concentration factor.

従って、通常は、
補給水量（Ｍ）＝
（（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）×１×Ｒ／５８０）×（Ｎ／（Ｎ−１））・・・式（２）
として簡易的に理論補給水量を求めて差し支えない。 Therefore, usually
Makeup water volume (M) =
((T2-T1) × 1 × R / 580) × (N / (N−1)) (2)
As a matter of course, it is possible to simply calculate the theoretical water supply amount.

即ち、Ｔ１、Ｔ２を測定し、式（１）、或いは式（２）から理論補給水量を求めることで、開放循環冷却水系１への補給水４ａ量を把握することができる。   That is, the amount of makeup water 4a to the open circulation cooling water system 1 can be grasped by measuring T1 and T2 and obtaining the theoretical makeup water amount from the equation (1) or equation (2).

次に、式（１）、或いは式（２）で算出した理論補給水量（Ｍ）を外気温（Ｔ０）を基に補正する方法について説明する。開放循環冷却水系１への補給水４ａ量は、Ｔ１、Ｔ２を測定し、式（１）、或いは式（２）から理論補給水量（Ｍ）として把握することができるが、前記理論補給水量（Ｍ）と、実際の補給水量（実測）との間には誤差が生じることがある。   Next, a method for correcting the theoretical makeup water amount (M) calculated by the equation (1) or the equation (2) based on the outside air temperature (T0) will be described. The amount of make-up water 4a to the open circulation cooling water system 1 can be grasped as the theoretical make-up water amount (M) from the equation (1) or the equation (2) by measuring T1 and T2. There may be an error between M) and the actual amount of makeup water (actual measurement).

その原因を鋭意探求した結果、誤差と外気温（Ｔ０）との間に相関関係があることを見出した。そこで、理論補給水量を外気温（Ｔ０）の関数となる補正係数を基に補正し、補正理論補給水量を求めることにより、より精度よく補給水量を把握し、その補正理論補給水量に比例した水処理薬剤５ａを冷却水２ａに注入することで、より適切に水処理薬剤５ａの冷却水２ａ中での濃度を所定値に管理することができることとなる。   As a result of earnestly searching for the cause, it was found that there is a correlation between the error and the outside air temperature (T0). Therefore, the theoretical makeup water amount is corrected based on a correction coefficient that is a function of the outside air temperature (T0), and the corrected theoretical makeup water amount is obtained, so that the makeup water amount can be grasped more accurately and the water proportional to the corrected theoretical makeup water amount is obtained. By injecting the treatment chemical 5a into the cooling water 2a, the concentration of the water treatment chemical 5a in the cooling water 2a can be more appropriately managed to a predetermined value.

ここで、外気温（Ｔ０）の関数となる補正係数をηとすると、外気温（Ｔ０）の影響を加味した補正理論補給水量Ｍｔ（ｍ３／ｈ）は、次式（Ａ）で求められる。
Ｍｔ＝η×（（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）×１×Ｒ／Ｑ）×（Ｎ／（Ｎ−１））・・・式（Ａ） Here, when a correction coefficient that is a function of the outside air temperature (T0) is η, a corrected theoretical makeup water amount Mt (m 3 / h) that takes into account the influence of the outside air temperature (T0) is obtained by the following equation (A). .
Mt = η × ((T2−T1) × 1 × R / Q) × (N / (N−1)) Expression (A)

ここで、補正係数（η）は、外気温（Ｔ０）の１次関数として次式（Ｂ）を用いることができる。
η＝ａ×Ｔ０＋ｂ・・・式（Ｂ） Here, for the correction coefficient (η), the following equation (B) can be used as a linear function of the outside air temperature (T0).
η = a × T0 + b Formula (B)

一般的な設備であれば、定数ａは０．０１５、ｂは０．５として差し支えない。なお、定数ａ、ｂを設備毎に計算することにより、より精度よく補正理論補給水量を求めることができる。具体的には、理論補給水量（Ｍ）と補給水の実測値とを比較し、一致するようａ、ｂを設備毎に定める。また、補正係数（η）は、一次関数に限らず、二次関数その他の関数としてもよい。要は、外気温（Ｔ０）を基に、実測した補給水量に最も近い値の補正理論補給水量を求められる関数であればよい。   For general equipment, the constant a may be 0.015 and b may be 0.5. In addition, by calculating the constants a and b for each facility, the corrected theoretical makeup water amount can be obtained more accurately. Specifically, the theoretical makeup water amount (M) is compared with the actual measured value of makeup water, and a and b are determined for each facility so as to match. The correction coefficient (η) is not limited to a linear function, but may be a quadratic function or other functions. In short, any function may be used as long as the corrected theoretical makeup water amount having a value closest to the actually measured makeup water amount is obtained based on the outside air temperature (T0).

さらに、補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）は、理論補給水量（Ｍ）から外気温（Ｔ０）の関数ｆ（Ｔ０）を減じる補正を行い、次式（Ｃ）によって算出することも可能である。なお、関数ｆ（Ｔ０）は、補正係数（η）同様、一次、二次、その他の関数とすることができる。
Ｍｔ＝（（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）×ｃ×Ｒ／Ｑ）×（Ｎ／（Ｎ−１））−ｆ（Ｔ０）・・式（Ｃ） Further, the corrected theoretical makeup water amount (Mt) can be calculated by the following equation (C) by performing a correction by subtracting the function f (T0) of the outside air temperature (T0) from the theoretical makeup water amount (M). Note that the function f (T0) can be a primary function, a secondary function, or other functions, like the correction coefficient (η).
Mt = ((T2-T1) * c * R / Q) * (N / (N-1))-f (T0) .. Formula (C)

以下、添付図面に基づいて、本発明である水処理薬剤の注入方法について詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, based on an accompanying drawing, the injection method of the water treatment chemical | medical agent which is this invention is demonstrated in detail.

図１は、本発明である水処理薬剤の注入方法が適用される開放循環冷却水系（一例）の概略図である。   FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an open circulation cooling water system (one example) to which the water treatment chemical injection method of the present invention is applied.

開放循環冷却水系１は、冷却水２ａを溜める水槽２ｄに冷却水２ａを空冷するファン２ｅを取り付け、冷却塔２の水槽２ｄの水位が一定以上にならないように、過剰の冷却水２ａをオーバーフロー水２ｂとして排出するオーバーフローライン１１が備えられた冷却塔２と、前記冷却塔２に連結し、前記冷却水２ａ（循環水３ａ）を循環ポンプ３ｂの駆動により冷凍機等の熱交換器３ｃに送る冷却水往配管３ｅ、及び熱交換器３ｃを通過し、熱交換された冷却水２ａ（循環水３ａ）を冷却塔２に戻す冷却水還配管３ｄ、並びに冷凍機等の熱交換器３ｃよりなる循環ライン３と、前記冷却塔２に連結し、前記冷却水２ａが減少したときに前記水槽２ｄの水位を保つために、又は前記冷却水２ａの濃縮倍率が上昇したときに強制ブローを行うために補給水４ａを注入する補給ライン４と、理論補給水量に比例した水処理薬剤を冷却水２ａに注入する水処理薬剤の注入装置８とからなる。   The open circulation cooling water system 1 is provided with a fan 2e that air-cools the cooling water 2a to a water tank 2d that stores the cooling water 2a, and the excess cooling water 2a is discharged from the overflow water so that the water level of the water tank 2d of the cooling tower 2 does not exceed a certain level A cooling tower 2 provided with an overflow line 11 discharged as 2b, and connected to the cooling tower 2, and sends the cooling water 2a (circulated water 3a) to a heat exchanger 3c such as a refrigerator by driving the circulation pump 3b. It consists of a cooling water return pipe 3e and a heat exchanger 3c that passes through the heat exchanger 3c and returns the heat-exchanged cooling water 2a (circulated water 3a) to the cooling tower 2 and a heat exchanger 3c such as a refrigerator. To connect to the circulation line 3 and the cooling tower 2 to maintain the water level of the water tank 2d when the cooling water 2a decreases, or to perform forced blow when the concentration rate of the cooling water 2a increases. In A supply line 4 for injecting feedwater 4a, consisting of the injection device 8 Metropolitan water treatment agent to inject the water treatment agent in proportion to the theoretical supply amount of water in the cooling water 2a.

補給ライン４は、冷却塔２内部に挿通する補給配管４ｃに、水槽２ｄの水面の高さに連動するボールタップ４ｅが連結し、冷却水２ａが減少したとき補給水４ａを適宜補給するラインと、冷却水２ａの濃縮倍率が設定値以上に上昇したときに、強制補給弁４ｇが開いて補給水４ａを強制的に冷却塔２に補給する強制補給ライン４ｆとを備える。   The replenishment line 4 is connected to a replenishment pipe 4c inserted into the cooling tower 2 with a ball tap 4e linked to the height of the water surface of the water tank 2d, and a line for appropriately replenishing the replenishment water 4a when the cooling water 2a decreases, The forced replenishment valve 4g is opened when the concentration rate of the cooling water 2a rises above a set value, and a forced replenishment line 4f for forcibly replenishing the cooling water 2 to the cooling tower 2 is provided.

冷却塔２の冷却水２ａには、冷却水２ａの電気伝導率を測定する電気伝導率計７が設置され、前記冷却水２ａの電気伝導率が設定値以上になると、前記強制補給弁４ｇが開いて補給水４ａが補給され、オーバーフロー水２ｂとして冷却水の一部が排出されることで、冷却水２ａの濃縮倍率が所定の値に維持される。   The cooling water 2a of the cooling tower 2 is provided with an electric conductivity meter 7 for measuring the electric conductivity of the cooling water 2a. When the electric conductivity of the cooling water 2a exceeds a set value, the forced replenishment valve 4g By opening and replenishing the replenishing water 4a and discharging a part of the cooling water as the overflow water 2b, the concentration rate of the cooling water 2a is maintained at a predetermined value.

水処理薬剤の注入装置８は、温度センサ（往）１０と、温度センサ（還）９と、薬注装置５と、薬注制御装置６からなる。なお必要に応じ外気温センサ１２を付加してもよい。   The water treatment chemical injection device 8 includes a temperature sensor (outward) 10, a temperature sensor (return) 9, a chemical injection device 5, and a chemical injection control device 6. In addition, you may add the external temperature sensor 12 as needed.

温度センサ（往）１０は、冷却水往配管３ｅに設けられ、冷却塔２から熱交換器３ｃに向かう冷却水２ａの温度（Ｔ１）を測定する。温度センサ（往）１０で測定した温度Ｔ１は、後述の薬注制御装置６に送られる。   The temperature sensor (outward) 10 is provided in the cooling water outgoing pipe 3e, and measures the temperature (T1) of the cooling water 2a from the cooling tower 2 toward the heat exchanger 3c. The temperature T1 measured by the temperature sensor (outward) 10 is sent to a medicine injection control device 6 described later.

温度センサ（還）９は、冷却水還配管３ｄに設けられ、熱交換器３ｃから冷却塔２に戻る冷却水２ａの温度（Ｔ２）を測定する。温度センサ（還）９で測定した温度Ｔ２も、後述の薬注制御装置６に送られる。   The temperature sensor (return) 9 is provided in the cooling water return pipe 3d, and measures the temperature (T2) of the cooling water 2a that returns from the heat exchanger 3c to the cooling tower 2. The temperature T2 measured by the temperature sensor (return) 9 is also sent to the medicine injection control device 6 described later.

なお、上記、温度センサ（還）９、（往）１０は、それぞれ配管内に挿通しても、配管に接触（貼付）させてもよい。配管に接触させる場合には、Ｔ１、Ｔ２の測定精度を高めるために、温度センサを含む配管部分を断熱材で覆うことが望ましい。温度センサ（還）９、（往）１０を配管に接触させる方式の場合、開放循環冷却水系１の稼働を停止せずに設置することができ、補給水量を簡易、低コストで把握することができる。一方、従来のように補給水４ａの流量を流量計を設置して測定する場合では、開放循環冷却水系を停止し、高価なパルス発信式流量計を設置しなければならず煩雑であった。   The temperature sensors (return) 9 and (outward) 10 may be inserted into the pipe or contacted (attached) to the pipe. When contacting the piping, it is desirable to cover the piping portion including the temperature sensor with a heat insulating material in order to increase the measurement accuracy of T1 and T2. In the case of the system in which the temperature sensors (return) 9 and (out) 10 are brought into contact with the pipe, the open circulating cooling water system 1 can be installed without stopping, and the amount of makeup water can be grasped easily and at low cost. it can. On the other hand, when the flow rate of the makeup water 4a is measured by installing a flow meter as in the prior art, the open circulating cooling water system must be stopped and an expensive pulse transmission flow meter must be installed.

薬注装置５は、水処理薬剤５ａを貯留するタンク５ｂと、前記タンク５ｂから水槽２ｄ内に連絡する薬注ライン５ｄと、水処理薬剤５ａを前記薬注ライン５ｄを通り水槽２ｄに注入するための薬注ポンプ５ｃとからなる。   The chemical injection device 5 stores a water treatment chemical 5a in a tank 5b, a chemical injection line 5d communicating from the tank 5b into the water tank 2d, and a water treatment chemical 5a injected into the water tank 2d through the chemical injection line 5d. And a chemical injection pump 5c.

薬注ポンプ５ｃは、流体を移送することができるポンプであれば、特に限定されない。なお、薬注ポンプ５ｃは、後述の薬注制御装置６から出力された薬注ポンプ運転シグナル６ｅに基づき駆動し、理論補給水量に比例する量の水処理薬剤５ａを前記開放循環冷却水系１に注入するよう、薬注制御装置６で制御される。   The medicinal pump 5c is not particularly limited as long as it is a pump capable of transferring a fluid. The chemical injection pump 5c is driven based on a chemical injection pump operation signal 6e output from a chemical injection control device 6 which will be described later, and an amount of water treatment chemical 5a proportional to the theoretical makeup water amount is supplied to the open circulation cooling water system 1. The medicine injection control device 6 controls the injection.

薬注制御装置６は、測定値であるＴ１、Ｔ２、予め設定された、或いは測定し求めた、水の比熱（ｃ）、循環水量（Ｒ）、水の蒸発潜熱（Ｑ）、冷却水の濃縮倍率（Ｎ）、必要に応じ測定した外気温（Ｔ０）を基に、前述の式（１）、（２）、式（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）、式（Ｃ）の何れかの式に従って開放循環冷却水系１への理論補給水量（Ｍ）或いは補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）を求め、それら求めた補給水量に比例する量の水処理薬剤５ａを前記開放循環冷却水系１に注入するよう薬注ポンプ運転シグナル６ｅを薬注ポンプ５ｃに出力する。その結果、薬注ポンプ５ｃは、求めた補給水量に比例する量の水処理薬剤５ａを前記開放循環冷却水系１に注入し、前記開放循環冷却水系１の水処理薬剤５ａが所定の濃度に維持、管理されることとなる。   The medicinal injection control device 6 has measured values T1, T2, specific heat of water (c), circulating water amount (R), latent heat of water evaporation (Q), cooling water set in advance or measured. Based on the concentration ratio (N) and the outside air temperature (T0) measured as necessary, according to any of the above formulas (1), (2), formulas (A) and (B), and formula (C) A chemical for obtaining a theoretical makeup water amount (M) or a corrected theoretical makeup water amount (Mt) for the open circulating cooling water system 1 and injecting into the open circulating cooling water system 1 an amount of water treatment chemical 5a proportional to the obtained makeup water amount. The injection pump operation signal 6e is output to the medicine injection pump 5c. As a result, the chemical injection pump 5c injects an amount of water treatment chemical 5a proportional to the determined amount of replenishing water into the open circulation cooling water system 1, and maintains the water treatment chemical 5a in the open circulation cooling water system 1 at a predetermined concentration. Will be managed.

なお、図１においては、薬注制御装置６は、電気伝導率計７からの電気伝導率データ７ａを基に、強制補給弁４ｇを開閉する強制補給シグナル６ｆを出力する機能を持つが、当然別装置として、薬注制御装置６から分離しても構わない。   In FIG. 1, the chemical injection control device 6 has a function of outputting a forced supply signal 6f for opening and closing the forced supply valve 4g based on the electrical conductivity data 7a from the electrical conductivity meter 7. As a separate device, it may be separated from the chemical injection control device 6.

実稼働中のある冷却塔で実測した補給水量（実測）と、式（２）から求めた理論補給水量（Ｍ）、及び式（Ａ）、式（Ｂ）から求めた補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）の比較試験について、図２を参照し説明する。   The amount of make-up water measured in a cooling tower in actual operation (actual measurement), the amount of theoretical make-up water (M) obtained from Equation (2), and the corrected amount of theoretical make-up water (Mt) obtained from Equation (A) and Equation (B) ) Will be described with reference to FIG.

図２は、補給水量実測値と理論補給水量及び補正理論補給水量の関係を示す図である。図２の横軸は補給水量実測値（ｍ３／ｈ）、縦軸は式（２）、及び式（Ａ）、式（Ｂ）から求めた補給水量計算値（ｍ３／ｈ）である。◇は式（２）によって求められた理論補給水量、▲は、外気温（Ｔ０）を基に式（２）で求めた理論補給水量（◇）を式（Ａ）、式（Ｂ）によって補正して求めた補正理論補給水量である。但し、式（Ｂ）における定数は、ａ＝０．０１５、ｂ＝０．５とした。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the measured value of the makeup water amount, the theoretical makeup water amount, and the corrected theoretical makeup water amount. The horizontal axis of FIG. 2 is the actually measured amount of makeup water (m 3 / h), and the vertical axis is the calculated amount of makeup water (m 3 / h) obtained from Equation (2), Equation (A), and Equation (B). . ◇ is the theoretical makeup water volume obtained from equation (2), and ▲ is the theoretical makeup water volume (◇) obtained from equation (2) based on outside air temperature (T0), corrected by equations (A) and (B). This is the corrected theoretical makeup water amount. However, the constants in the formula (B) were a = 0.015 and b = 0.5.

実測した補給水量の値と、式（２）、及び式（Ａ）、式（Ｂ）から求めた補給水量計算値とが一致すれば、一次関数ｙ＝ｘ上に、◇、▲はプロットされることとなる。ところが、外気温による補正を行わない式（２）より求めた理論補給水量◇は、全体的に若干高めの値となる。   If the measured amount of make-up water matches the calculated amount of make-up water obtained from Equation (2), Equation (A), and Equation (B), ◇ and ▲ are plotted on the linear function y = x. The Rukoto. However, the theoretical amount of replenishment water ◇ obtained from the equation (2) that is not corrected by the outside air temperature is a slightly higher value overall.

従って、理論補給水量を基に水処理薬剤を注入した場合、水処理薬剤の濃度が所定の濃度よりやや高くなることとなる。しかし、式（１）、（２）で求めた理論補給水量を基に水処理薬剤の注入量を決定しても、水処理薬剤の不足はなく、水処理薬剤の機能を発揮させるという点では、開放循環冷却水系の実際の稼働において支障はない。   Accordingly, when the water treatment chemical is injected based on the theoretical replenishment water amount, the concentration of the water treatment chemical is slightly higher than the predetermined concentration. However, even if the injection amount of the water treatment chemical is determined based on the theoretical replenishment water amount obtained by the formulas (1) and (2), there is no shortage of the water treatment chemical and the function of the water treatment chemical is exhibited. There is no problem in the actual operation of the open circulation cooling water system.

一方、プロットされた補正理論補給水量▲は、実際の補給水量（実測）に極めて近い値を示していることがわかり、外気温（Ｔ０）の関数で補正する、式（Ａ）、式（Ｂ）を用いた理論補給水量の補正方法が有効であることがわかる。   On the other hand, it can be seen that the plotted corrected theoretical makeup water amount ▲ shows a value very close to the actual makeup water amount (actual measurement) and is corrected by a function of the outside air temperature (T0). It can be seen that the method of correcting the theoretical makeup water amount using) is effective.

即ち、補正理論補給水量を基に水処理薬剤の注入量を決定することで、より水処理薬剤の濃度を適正値に近づけること（節約）ができることとなり、より経済的である。   That is, by determining the injection amount of the water treatment chemical based on the corrected theoretical replenishment water amount, the concentration of the water treatment chemical can be brought closer to an appropriate value (saving), which is more economical.

本発明である水処理薬剤の注入方法が適用される開放循環冷却水系（一例）の概略図である。It is the schematic of the open circulation cooling water system (an example) to which the injection method of the water treatment chemical | medical agent which is this invention is applied. 補給水量実測値と理論補給水量及び補正理論補給水量の関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the actual amount of makeup water, the theoretical makeup water amount, and the correction theoretical makeup water amount.

１ 開放循環冷却水系
２ 冷却塔
２ａ 冷却水
２ｂ オーバーフロー水
２ｄ 水槽
２ｅ ファン
３ 循環ライン
３ａ 循環水
３ｂ 循環ポンプ
３ｃ 熱交換器
３ｄ 冷却水還配管
３ｅ 冷却水往配管
４ 補給ライン
４ａ 補給水
４ｃ 補給配管
４ｅ ボールタップ
４ｆ 強制補給ライン
４ｇ 強制補給弁
５ 薬注装置
５ａ 水処理薬剤
５ｂ タンク
５ｃ 薬注ポンプ
５ｄ 薬注ライン
６ 薬注制御装置
６ｅ 薬注ポンプ運転シグナル
６ｆ 強制補給シグナル
７ 電気伝導率計
７ａ 電気伝導率データ
８ 水処理薬剤の注入装置
９ 温度センサ（還）
１０ 温度センサ（往）
１１ オーバーフローライン
１２ 外気温センサ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Open circulation cooling water system 2 Cooling tower 2a Cooling water 2b Overflow water 2d Water tank 2e Fan 3 Circulation line 3a Circulating water 3b Circulating pump 3c Heat exchanger 3d Cooling water return piping 3e Cooling water forward piping 4 Replenishment line 4a Supplementary water 4c Supplementary piping 4e Ball tap 4f Forced supply line 4g Forced supply valve 5 Chemical injection device 5a Water treatment chemical 5b Tank 5c Chemical injection pump 5d Chemical injection line 6 Chemical injection control device 6e Chemical injection pump operation signal 6f Forced supply signal 7 Electrical conductivity meter 7a Electricity Conductivity data 8 Water treatment chemical injection device 9 Temperature sensor (return)
10 Temperature sensor (out)
11 Overflow line 12 Outside air temperature sensor

Claims (1)

熱交換器に冷却水を循環供給すると共にこの冷却水を冷却塔で冷却し、かつ、冷却水の一部をブローすると共に補給水を供給して冷却水の濃縮倍率を一定に保つようにした開放循環冷却水系において、
冷却塔から熱交換器に向かう冷却水（循環水）の温度Ｔ１（℃）、熱交換器から冷却塔に戻る冷却水（循環水）の温度Ｔ２（℃）に基づき、
次式（Ａ）及び式（Ｂ）に従って前記冷却水への補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）を求め、

Ｍｔ＝η×（（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）×ｃ×Ｒ／Ｑ）×（Ｎ／（Ｎ−１））・・・式（Ａ）
η＝ａ×Ｔ０＋ｂ・・・式（Ｂ）

Ｍｔ：補正理論補給水量（ｍ３／ｈ）
ｃ：水の比熱（ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ・℃）
Ｒ：冷却水の循環水量（ｍ３／ｈ）
Ｑ：水の蒸発潜熱（ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ）
Ｎ：冷却水の濃縮倍率（倍）
η：補正係数（外気温の１次関数）
Ｔ０：外気温（℃）
ａ、ｂ：理論補給水量（（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）×ｃ×Ｒ／Ｑ）×（Ｎ／（Ｎ−１））と
補給水量の実測値とを比較し、前記補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）が
補給水量の実測値に一致するようにａ及びｂを計算して定める定数

前記補正理論補給水量（Ｍｔ）に比例する量の水処理薬剤を前記冷却水に注入することを特徴とする水処理薬剤の注入方法。 Cooling water is circulated and supplied to the heat exchanger and this cooling water is cooled by the cooling tower, and a part of the cooling water is blown and makeup water is supplied to keep the concentration ratio of the cooling water constant. In an open circulating cooling water system,
Based on the temperature T1 (° C.) of the cooling water (circulated water) from the cooling tower to the heat exchanger and the temperature T2 (° C.) of the cooling water (circulating water) returning from the heat exchanger to the cooling tower,
According to the following equations (A) and (B), a corrected theoretical makeup water amount (Mt) for the cooling water is obtained,

Mt = η × ((T2−T1) × c × R / Q) × (N / (N−1)) Expression (A)
η = a × T0 + b Formula (B)

Mt: corrected theoretical makeup water volume (m 3 / h)
c: Specific heat of water (kcal / kg · ° C)
R: Circulating water volume of cooling water (m 3 / h)
Q: latent heat of vaporization of water (kcal / kg)
N: Concentration ratio of cooling water (times)
η: Correction coefficient (linear function of outside temperature)
T0: Outside air temperature (° C)
a, b: Theoretical makeup water amount ((T2-T1) × c × R / Q) × (N / (N−1))
Compared with the actual measured value of the makeup water amount, the corrected theoretical makeup water amount (Mt) is
Constants determined by calculating a and b so that they match the measured value of the makeup water volume

A water treatment chemical injection method, wherein an amount of water treatment chemical proportional to the corrected theoretical makeup water amount (Mt) is injected into the cooling water.
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