JP4991613B2 - Steel workpiece inspection equipment - Google Patents

Steel workpiece inspection equipment Download PDF

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JP4991613B2
JP4991613B2 JP2008084622A JP2008084622A JP4991613B2 JP 4991613 B2 JP4991613 B2 JP 4991613B2 JP 2008084622 A JP2008084622 A JP 2008084622A JP 2008084622 A JP2008084622 A JP 2008084622A JP 4991613 B2 JP4991613 B2 JP 4991613B2
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steel workpiece
gear
detection coil
steel
workpiece
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JP2009236758A (en
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雄三 山本
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/JP2009/055721 priority patent/WO2009119529A1/en
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Description

本発明は、鋼製ワークに渦電流を発生させ、この渦電流で発生する磁界の変化を測定する鋼製ワークの検査装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a steel workpiece inspection apparatus for generating an eddy current in a steel workpiece and measuring a change in a magnetic field generated by the eddy current.

歯車等の鋼製ワークを製造した際に、これらの鋼製ワークが所定の強度を有するか否かを検査する。このような最終製品について行う検査は、鋼製ワークを破壊せずに行う非破壊検査法を用いることが望ましい。   When steel workpieces such as gears are manufactured, it is inspected whether these steel workpieces have a predetermined strength. It is desirable to use a non-destructive inspection method for inspecting such a final product without destroying the steel workpiece.

非破壊検査法として鋼製ワークに渦電流を発生させ、この渦電流で発生する磁界の変化を測定する検査装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
特開２００４−１０８８７３公報（図２） As a non-destructive inspection method, an inspection apparatus has been proposed in which an eddy current is generated in a steel workpiece and a change in a magnetic field generated by the eddy current is measured (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-108873 A (FIG. 2)

特許文献１を次図に基づいて説明する。
図１２は従来の技術の基本原理を説明する図であり、円柱ワーク１０１に励磁コイル１０２と検出コイル１０３を巻回する。そして、励磁コイル１０２に交流電源１０４から交流電圧（励磁電圧）を印加する。すると、円柱ワーク１０１の表層に渦電流が発生する。この渦電流により検出コイル１０３に交流電流が発生する。この発生した交流電流の電圧（検出電圧）を測定装置１０５で測定する。 Patent document 1 is demonstrated based on the following figure.
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the basic principle of the prior art, in which an excitation coil 102 and a detection coil 103 are wound around a cylindrical workpiece 101. Then, an AC voltage (excitation voltage) is applied to the excitation coil 102 from the AC power source 104. Then, an eddy current is generated on the surface layer of the cylindrical workpiece 101. This eddy current generates an alternating current in the detection coil 103. The voltage (detection voltage) of the generated alternating current is measured by the measuring device 105.

この測定によれば、検出コイル１０３に発生した交流電流の電圧を測定すれば円柱ワーク１０１の強度を測定することができ、迅速にワークの強度を測定することができる。   According to this measurement, if the voltage of the alternating current generated in the detection coil 103 is measured, the strength of the cylindrical workpiece 101 can be measured, and the strength of the workpiece can be measured quickly.

ところで、このような測定を手動で行った場合に次図で説明するような問題が生じる。   By the way, when such a measurement is performed manually, the problem described in the next figure arises.

図１３は従来の技術の問題を説明する図であり、歯車１０７の左側の歯先１０８Ｌ（Ｌは左側を表す添え字）から励磁及び検出コイル１０２、１０３までの距離をＬ１とし、歯車１０７の右側の歯先１０８Ｒ（Ｒは右側を表す添え字）から励磁及び検出コイル１０２、１０３までの距離をＬ２とし、歯車１０７の強度の測定を手動で行った場合に、Ｌ１とＬ２が同じ距離にならないことがある。Ｌ１とＬ２の距離が異なると、測定の結果に誤差が生じ得る。   FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a problem in the prior art. The distance from the tooth tip 108L on the left side of the gear 107 (L is a subscript indicating the left side) to the excitation and detection coils 102 and 103 is L1, and the gear 107 When the distance from the right tooth tip 108R (R is a suffix indicating the right side) to the excitation and detection coils 102 and 103 is L2, and the strength of the gear 107 is manually measured, L1 and L2 are the same distance. It may not be. If the distance between L1 and L2 is different, an error may occur in the measurement result.

加えて、歯車１０７を傾けた場合には更に誤差が生じ得るものと考えられる。
そこで、本発明者らは、歯車１０７の傾きにより生じる誤差について実験を行った。同じ歯車１０７を用いて励磁及び検出コイル１０２、１０３に臨ませる角度（挿入角度）を変えながら、そのときの検出コイル１０３から検出される電圧を測定した。 In addition, it is considered that further errors can occur when the gear 107 is tilted.
Therefore, the inventors conducted an experiment on an error caused by the inclination of the gear 107. The voltage detected from the detection coil 103 at that time was measured while changing the angle (insertion angle) facing the excitation and detection coils 102 and 103 using the same gear 107.

図１４は歯車の挿入角度と電圧測定値の関係を示すグラフを説明する図であり、横軸に歯車の挿入角度を示し、縦軸には電圧測定値を示す。
電圧測定値が最高であったＰ１では、電圧は１６００ｍＶであり、電圧測定値が最低であったＰ２では、電圧は４００ｍＶであった。歯車の挿入角度を変えることにより電圧測定値の差が最大で４倍になることが分かった。 FIG. 14 is a graph for explaining the relationship between the insertion angle of the gear and the voltage measurement value. The horizontal axis indicates the gear insertion angle, and the vertical axis indicates the voltage measurement value.
In P1 where the voltage measurement value was the highest, the voltage was 1600 mV, and in P2 where the voltage measurement value was the lowest, the voltage was 400 mV. It was found that by changing the insertion angle of the gear, the difference in the voltage measurement value was up to 4 times.

電圧測定値が異なると、同じワークでも異なる測定結果が出ることとなる。
手動で測定した場合であっても測定結果に誤差のでない、即ち、信頼性の高い鋼製ワークの検査装置の提供が望まれる。 Different voltage measurements result in different measurement results for the same workpiece.
It is desired to provide a steel workpiece inspection apparatus that has no error in measurement results even when measured manually, that is, has high reliability.

本発明は、信頼性の高い鋼製ワークの検査装置を提供することを課題とする。   This invention makes it a subject to provide the inspection apparatus of the steel workpiece | work with high reliability.

請求項１に係る発明は、鉄芯で支持され鋼製ワークの近傍に置かれて前記鋼製ワークに渦電流を発生させる励磁コイルと、前記鉄芯で支持され鋼製ワークの近傍に置かれて前記渦電流で発生する磁界の変化を測定する検出コイルとからなる鋼製ワークの検査装置において、
この検査装置は、前記鉄芯から延ばされ先端が前記鋼製ワークに接触して、この鋼製ワークから前記検出コイルまでの距離を一定にする当て部材を備えている検査装置であり、
前記鋼製ワークは、真空浸炭処理された歯車であり、
前記当て部材は、ワークに接触させる球体と、この球体を前記鉄芯に接続する支持部とからなると共に、前記歯車の歯幅方向に少なくとも２個設けられ、
前記鉄芯の先端には、雌ねじ状に構成された複数の雌ねじ穴が設けられ、
前記支持部の先端には、雄ねじ状に構成された雄ねじ部が設けられ、
前記複数の雌ねじ穴のうち、任意の雌ねじ穴に、前記雄ねじ部が螺合されていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 1 is an excitation coil that is supported by an iron core and is placed in the vicinity of the steel workpiece and generates eddy current in the steel workpiece, and is placed in the vicinity of the steel workpiece that is supported by the iron core. In a steel workpiece inspection device comprising a detection coil for measuring a change in magnetic field generated by the eddy current,
This inspection device is an inspection device that includes a contact member that extends from the iron core and has a tip that contacts the steel workpiece and makes the distance from the steel workpiece to the detection coil constant .
The steel workpiece is a gear that has been vacuum carburized,
The abutting member includes a sphere to be brought into contact with the workpiece, and a support portion that connects the sphere to the iron core, and is provided in at least two in the tooth width direction of the gear,
At the tip of the iron core, a plurality of female screw holes configured in a female screw shape are provided,
At the tip of the support portion, a male screw portion configured in a male screw shape is provided,
The male screw portion is screwed into any female screw hole among the plurality of female screw holes .

請求項２に係る発明は、前記検出コイルの形状は、円柱状であると共に、前記検出コイルの軸線が前記歯車の歯底に沿って配置されていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the shape of the detection coil is a columnar shape, and the axis of the detection coil is disposed along the tooth bottom of the gear .

請求項３に係る発明は、検出コイルから検出情報を取得して浸炭深さに換算する浸炭深さ換算装置と、得られた浸炭深さを合格基準深さと比較して合否を判定する合否判定部と、得られた合否判定に基づいて、合格、不合格を表示する合否表示部とを備えていることを特徴とする。 The invention which concerns on Claim 3 acquires the detection information from a detection coil, converts the carburizing depth into a carburized depth conversion device, and compares the obtained carburized depth with an acceptable reference depth to determine pass / fail. And a pass / fail display unit that displays pass / fail based on the obtained pass / fail judgment .

請求項４に係る発明は、前記鋼製ワークを支持するワーク支軸と、このワーク支軸を一定ピッチで回転させるインデックスモータと、前記鋼製ワークを前記検出コイルに向かって移動させるシリンダユニットと、これらのインデックスモータ及びシリンダユニットを制御する制御部とが備えられていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 4 is a work support shaft for supporting the steel work, an index motor for rotating the work support at a constant pitch, and a cylinder unit for moving the steel work toward the detection coil. The index motor and the control unit for controlling the cylinder unit are provided .

請求項１に係る発明では、鋼製ワークから検出コイルまでの距離を一定にする当て部材を備えている。当て部材が鋼製ワークに接触することにより、鋼製ワークから検出コイルまでの距離を一定にすることができる。距離が一定になることにより測定結果に誤差が出ない。即ち信頼性の高い鋼製ワークの検査装置ということができる。   In the invention which concerns on Claim 1, the contact member which makes the distance from steel workpieces to a detection coil constant is provided. When the contact member contacts the steel workpiece, the distance from the steel workpiece to the detection coil can be made constant. There is no error in the measurement results because the distance is constant. That is, it can be said to be a highly reliable steel workpiece inspection device.

加えて、請求項１に係る発明では、当て部材は、ワークに接触させる球体と、この球体を鉄芯に接続する支持部とからなる。球体と支持部により当て部材は構成される。少ない部品数により当て部材を製造することができ有益である。 In addition, in the invention according to claim 1 , the contact member includes a sphere that is brought into contact with the workpiece and a support portion that connects the sphere to the iron core. The contact member is constituted by the sphere and the support portion. It is advantageous that the contact member can be manufactured with a small number of parts.

さらに、請求項１に係る発明では、鋼製ワークは歯車である。歯車の隣り合う歯面と歯面との間に当て部材を接触させることができる。歯面と歯面との間に当て部材を接触させることにより、１の当て部材で２点に接触させることができる。２点に接触させることにより、更に歯車から検出コイルまでの距離を安定させることができる。 Further, in the invention according to claim 1 , the steel workpiece is a gear. The contact member can be brought into contact between adjacent tooth surfaces of the gear. By making a contact member contact between a tooth surface and a tooth surface, it can be made to contact 2 points | pieces with one contact member. By contacting the two points, the distance from the gear to the detection coil can be further stabilized.

加えて、請求項１に係る発明では、歯車は真空浸炭処理されている。真空浸炭処理された歯車の浸炭深さは、歯底の部分が最も薄くなる。浸炭深さが最も薄い歯底について測定すれば、その歯車が所定の強度を有するか否かを知ることができる。即ち、歯底のみ検査を行えばよく測定時間の短縮化を図ることができる。 In addition, in the invention according to claim 1 , the gear is subjected to vacuum carburization. The carburized depth of the vacuum carburized gear is the thinnest at the root portion. If the tooth bottom with the smallest carburization depth is measured, it can be determined whether or not the gear has a predetermined strength. That is, only the tooth bottom needs to be inspected, and the measurement time can be shortened.

さらに、請求項１に係る発明では、当て部材は、歯車の歯幅方向に少なくとも２個設けられている。２個以上の当て部材を歯車に接触させることにより、更に歯車から検出コイルまでの距離を安定させることができる。検査装置の信頼性がより増す。 Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 1 , at least two contact members are provided in the tooth width direction of the gear. By bringing two or more contact members into contact with the gear, the distance from the gear to the detection coil can be further stabilized. The reliability of the inspection device is further increased.

加えて、請求項１に係る発明では、当て部材は、鉄芯に、歯車の歯幅方向に移動可能に設けられている。当て部材を歯車の歯幅方向に移動させることができる。歯車の大きさに合わせて当て部材を移動させることができる。１の検査装置で様々な歯車の測定を行うことができ有益である。 In addition, in the invention according to claim 1 , the contact member is provided on the iron core so as to be movable in the tooth width direction of the gear. The abutting member can be moved in the tooth width direction of the gear. The abutting member can be moved according to the size of the gear. It is beneficial to measure various gears with one inspection device.

本発明を実施するための最良の形態を添付図に基づいて以下に説明する。なお、図面は符号の向きに見るものとする。
図１は本発明の鋼製ワークの検査装置を用いるのに適した歯底浸炭深さ計測装置の原理図であり、歯底浸炭深さ計測装置１０は、基台１１と、この基台１１の上面中央に設けられ図左右に延びているレール１２と、このレール１２に左右移動自在に載せられているスライダ１３と、このスライダ１３に軸受１４を介して縦向きに且つ回転自在に支持され歯車等の鋼製ワーク１５を支えるワーク支軸１６と、スライダ１３に内蔵されワーク支軸１６を一定ピッチで回転させるインデックスモータ１７と、基台１１に載置されスライダ１３をレール１２に沿って往復移動させるシリンダユニット１８と、このシリンダユニット１８及びインデックスモータ１７を制御する制御部１９と、基台１１の一端（図左側）から上へ延ばされているブラケット２１と、このブラケット２１の上部にボルト２２、２２で取り付けられているコ字状の鉄芯２３と、この鉄芯２３に支持され鋼製ワーク１５に向かって延びている検出コイル支持体２４と、鉄芯２３の先端から鋼製ワーク１５に向かって配置される支持部２５、２５及び鋼球等の球体２６、２６からなる当て部材２８、２８（詳細は後述）と、鉄芯２３の先端に巻かれた励磁コイル２９、２９と、これらの励磁コイル２９、２９に交流電圧を印加する交流電源３１と、検出コイル支持体２４の先端に設けられた樹脂体３２に埋設された検出コイル３３と、この検出コイル３３から検出情報を取得して浸炭深さに換算する浸炭深さ換算装置３５と、得られた浸炭深さを合格基準深さと比較して合否を判定する合否判定部３６と、得られた合否判定に基づいて、合格、不合格を表示する合否表示部３７と、からなる。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are viewed in the direction of the reference numerals.
FIG. 1 is a principle diagram of a bottom carburization depth measuring device suitable for using the steel workpiece inspection device of the present invention. A bottom carburizing depth measuring device 10 includes a base 11 and the base 11. The rail 12 is provided at the center of the upper surface of the rail 12 and extends left and right in the figure, the slider 13 mounted on the rail 12 so as to be movable left and right, and supported by the slider 13 vertically and rotatably via a bearing 14. A work support shaft 16 that supports a steel work 15 such as a gear, an index motor 17 that is built in the slider 13 and rotates the work support shaft 16 at a constant pitch, and is placed on the base 11 along the rail 12. A cylinder unit 18 that reciprocates, a control unit 19 that controls the cylinder unit 18 and the index motor 17, and a bracket that extends upward from one end (left side in the figure) of the base 11. 21, a U-shaped iron core 23 attached to the upper portion of the bracket 21 with bolts 22, 22, and a detection coil support 24 supported by the iron core 23 and extending toward the steel workpiece 15. , Support members 25 and 25 arranged from the tip of the iron core 23 toward the steel workpiece 15, and contact members 28 and 28 composed of spheres 26 and 26 such as steel balls (details will be described later), and the tip of the iron core 23 Excitation coils 29, 29 wound around the coil, an AC power supply 31 for applying an AC voltage to the excitation coils 29, 29, and a detection coil 33 embedded in a resin body 32 provided at the tip of the detection coil support 24. And a carburization depth conversion device 35 that acquires detection information from the detection coil 33 and converts it to carburization depth, and a pass / fail determination unit 36 that compares the obtained carburization depth with an acceptable reference depth and determines pass / fail. , Go / No Go Based on the constant, pass, and acceptance display unit 37 for displaying the failure consists.

ここで鋼製ワークの検査装置４０は、樹脂体３２と、検出コイル３３と、励磁コイル２９、２９と、交流電源３１と、当て部材２８、２８と、浸炭深さ換算装置３５とから構成される。   Here, the steel workpiece inspection device 40 includes a resin body 32, a detection coil 33, excitation coils 29 and 29, an AC power supply 31, contact members 28 and 28, and a carburization depth conversion device 35. The

図２は鋼製ワークの検査装置の正面図であり、検出コイル支持体２４は鉄芯２３に、水平方向にスライド可能にビス４１で固定されている。また、支持部２５は円錐部４２及び基部４３から構成される。
当て部材２８を移動可能に設ける場合には、スパナ等を用いて容易に当て部材２８を取り外すことができるよう基部４３を六角形に構成することが望ましい。 FIG. 2 is a front view of a steel workpiece inspection apparatus. The detection coil support 24 is fixed to the iron core 23 with screws 41 so as to be slidable in the horizontal direction. The support portion 25 includes a conical portion 42 and a base portion 43.
When the abutting member 28 is movably provided, it is desirable that the base 43 is formed in a hexagonal shape so that the abutting member 28 can be easily removed using a spanner or the like.

図３は図２の３線断面図であり、検出コイル３３は、絶縁性に富む三角形断面のナイロンなどの樹脂体３２を介して検出コイル支持体２４に支持されている。樹脂体３２が三角形断面であるため、鋼製ワーク１５に歯車を用いた場合には検出コイル３３をの歯底４４に接近させることができる。   FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3 in FIG. 2, and the detection coil 33 is supported by the detection coil support 24 via a resin body 32 such as nylon having a triangular cross section that is rich in insulation. Since the resin body 32 has a triangular cross section, the detection coil 33 can be brought close to the tooth bottom 44 when a gear is used for the steel workpiece 15.

また、鋼製ワーク１５に真空浸炭処理のなされた歯車を用いた場合、歯車の浸炭深さは、歯底４４の部分が最も薄くなる。浸炭深さの最も薄い歯底について測定すれば、その歯車が所定の強度を有するかを知ることができる。即ち、歯底のみ検査を行えばよく測定時間の短縮化を図ることができる。   In addition, when a gear that has been subjected to vacuum carburization treatment is used for the steel workpiece 15, the gear carburization depth is the thinnest at the root portion 44. If the bottom of the carburized depth is measured, it can be known whether the gear has a predetermined strength. That is, only the tooth bottom needs to be inspected, and the measurement time can be shortened.

図４は図２の４線断面図であり、球体２６の球径は、隣合う歯先４８と歯先４８との間を通過するが、歯底４４に到達する前に歯面４９、４９の面に接触する外径に設定されている。すなわち、接触点５１、５１に接触しているため、球体２６の図左右方向及び上下方向の位置が規定される。併せて、球体２６の中心は歯底４４の中心に合致する。   FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4 in FIG. 2. The spherical diameter of the sphere 26 passes between the adjacent tooth tips 48 and the tooth tips 48, but before reaching the tooth bottom 44, The outer diameter is set in contact with the surface. That is, since the contact points 51 and 51 are in contact with each other, the positions of the sphere 26 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the figure are defined. At the same time, the center of the sphere 26 coincides with the center of the tooth bottom 44.

この結果、歯底４４からの検出コイル３３（図３）の距離や励磁コイル２９、２９（図２）の距離を一定化することができる。距離が一定になることにより測定結果に誤差が出ない。即ち信頼性の高い鋼製ワークの検査装置ということができる。   As a result, the distance of the detection coil 33 (FIG. 3) from the tooth bottom 44 and the distance of the excitation coils 29 and 29 (FIG. 2) can be made constant. There is no error in the measurement results because the distance is constant. That is, it can be said to be a highly reliable steel workpiece inspection device.

更に、鋼製ワーク１５に歯車を用いた場合、歯車の隣り合う歯面４９と歯面４９との間に当て部材２８を接触させることができる。歯面４９と歯面４９との間に当て部材２８を接触させることにより、１の当て部材で２点に接触させることができる。２点に接触させることにより、更に歯車から検出コイルまでの距離を安定させることができる。   Furthermore, when a gear is used for the steel workpiece 15, the contact member 28 can be brought into contact between the tooth surfaces 49 adjacent to each other of the gear. By contacting the contact member 28 between the tooth surface 49 and the tooth surface 49, it is possible to make contact with two points with one contact member. By contacting the two points, the distance from the gear to the detection coil can be further stabilized.

図５は図２の５部拡大断面図であり、（ａ）に示されるように、当て部材２８の基部４３は六角形に構成され、先端に雄ねじ状に構成された雄ねじ部４６が配置される。雄ねじ部４６は鉄芯２３の先端に設けられた雌ねじ穴４７に螺合される。   FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of part 5 of FIG. 2, and as shown in FIG. The The male screw portion 46 is screwed into a female screw hole 47 provided at the tip of the iron core 23.

当て部材２８は、鋼製ワーク１５に接触させる球体２６と、この球体２６を鉄芯２３に接続する支持部２５とからなる。球体２６と支持部２５により当て部材２８は構成される。少ない部品数により当て部材２８を製造することができ有益である。   The abutting member 28 includes a sphere 26 that is brought into contact with the steel workpiece 15 and a support portion 25 that connects the sphere 26 to the iron core 23. The contact member 28 is configured by the sphere 26 and the support portion 25. It is advantageous that the abutting member 28 can be manufactured with a small number of parts.

（ｂ）は（ａ）のｂ−ｂ線断面図であり、鉄芯２３の先端には例えば３つの雌ねじ穴４７が設けられている。測定されるワークの大きさに合わせて、これらの雌ねじ穴４７のうちから１の雌ねじ穴４７を選択し、当て部材２８（図４）を螺合させることができる。   (B) is a sectional view taken along the line bb of (a), and, for example, three female screw holes 47 are provided at the tip of the iron core 23. One female screw hole 47 is selected from these female screw holes 47 according to the size of the workpiece to be measured, and the abutting member 28 (FIG. 4) can be screwed together.

ところで、図１で説明した浸炭深さ換算装置３５には、測定で得られたＸ電圧を浸炭深さに換算する換算表を記憶させる必要がある。そこで、図１の歯底浸炭深さ計測装置１０を用いて、周波数を１ｋＨｚに設定し、真空浸炭済みの歯車の「Ｘ電圧」を測定した。この測定は非破壊検査に相当する。   By the way, it is necessary to memorize | store the conversion table which converts X voltage obtained by the measurement into the carburizing depth in the carburizing depth conversion apparatus 35 demonstrated in FIG. Therefore, using the root carburization depth measuring device 10 of FIG. 1, the frequency was set to 1 kHz, and the “X voltage” of the vacuum carburized gear was measured. This measurement corresponds to a nondestructive inspection.

次に、この歯車を切断し、切断面を磨いてから「浸炭深さ」を測定した。この測定は破壊検査に相当する。   Next, this gear was cut and the cut surface was polished, and then the “carburizing depth” was measured. This measurement corresponds to destructive inspection.

図６は測定で得られた硬さを表したグラフである。
先ず、歯底浸炭深さ計測装置１０を用いて、周波数を１ｋＨｚに設定し、真空浸炭済みの歯車の「Ｘ電圧」を測定したところ、Ｘ電圧は−６７ｍＶであった。次に、切断し、切断面を磨き、この切断面を測定対象として、表面から０．１ｍｍ毎に、１．０ｍｍまで、マイクロビッカース硬さ計で、ビッカース硬さ（Ｈｖ）を測った。 FIG. 6 is a graph showing the hardness obtained by the measurement.
First, when the frequency was set to 1 kHz using the tooth bottom carburizing depth measuring device 10 and the “X voltage” of the gear that had been vacuum carburized was measured, the X voltage was −67 mV. Next, it cut | disconnected, polished the cut surface, and set this cut surface as a measuring object, the Vickers hardness (Hv) was measured with the micro Vickers hardness meter to 1.0 mm every 0.1 mm from the surface.

図６は測定で得られた硬さを表したグラフであり、（ａ）は、横軸が表面からの深さで、縦軸がビッカース硬さであるグラフに、生のデータをプロットしたものである。   FIG. 6 is a graph showing the hardness obtained by the measurement, and (a) is a graph in which raw data is plotted on a graph in which the horizontal axis is the depth from the surface and the vertical axis is the Vickers hardness. It is.

ところで、この種の歯車では、「表面から○○ｍｍの深さで、ロックウエルＣスケール硬さが５０以上であること」と言った要求仕様が出されることが多い。ロックウエルＣスケール硬さ５０は、換算表によれば、ビッカース硬さ（Ｈｖ）５１３に相当する。
そこで、（ａ）にプロットした複数の点を滑らかな曲線で繋ぐ。 By the way, in this type of gear, a required specification such as “the depth of ◯ mm from the surface and the Rockwell C scale hardness is 50 or more” is often issued. The Rockwell C scale hardness 50 corresponds to Vickers hardness (Hv) 513 according to the conversion table.
Therefore, a plurality of points plotted in (a) are connected by a smooth curve.

結果、（ｂ）示すグラフが得られる。そこで、縦軸の５１３から横線を引き、曲線に交わったところから、縦線を降ろし、この縦線が横軸と交わったところの距離を読む。表面からの距離は０．６４ｍｍであった。   As a result, the graph shown in (b) is obtained. Therefore, a horizontal line is drawn from 513 on the vertical axis, the vertical line is dropped from where it intersects the curve, and the distance at which this vertical line intersects the horizontal axis is read. The distance from the surface was 0.64 mm.

図７はＸ電圧と浸炭深さの相関図であり、横軸が浸炭深さ（表面からの距離に相当。）で、縦軸がＸ電圧であるグラフに、１個のデータ（０．６４ｍｍ、−６７ｍＶ）を●でプロットした。
浸炭条件を変えて得られたサンプルを２１個作製し、これらのサンプルについても図６（ａ）、（ｂ）での手順を踏んで、浸炭深さとＸ電圧を定めた。２１個のサンプルについては○で、グラフにプロットした。 FIG. 7 is a correlation diagram between the X voltage and the carburization depth. In the graph in which the horizontal axis represents the carburization depth (corresponding to the distance from the surface) and the vertical axis represents the X voltage, one piece of data (0.64 mm) is shown. , −67 mV) is plotted with ●.
Twenty-one samples obtained by changing the carburizing conditions were prepared, and the carburizing depth and the X voltage were determined for these samples by following the procedures in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). Twenty-one samples were circled and plotted on a graph.

１個の●と２１個の○は右下りの直線に沿って分散している。縦軸のＸ電圧が測定で得られれば、この相関図により、得られたＸ電圧に対応する浸炭深さを求めることができる。
また、詳細な計算法は省略するが、この分散における相関係数（ｒ２）は０．９２であった。 One ● and 21 ○ are distributed along a straight line going down to the right. If the X voltage on the vertical axis is obtained by measurement, the carburization depth corresponding to the obtained X voltage can be obtained from this correlation diagram.
Although the detailed calculation method is omitted, the correlation coefficient (r 2 ) in this dispersion was 0.92.

以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明は次の点にも特徴がある。すなわち、図６（ａ）、（ｂ）で説明したように、得られた硬さと深さは、測定で得られた硬さを、歯車の表面から中心に向かってプロットした点を結んでなる曲線から得る。点を結んで曲線を得るようにしたので、測定点の数を少なく設定することができ、測定時間が短縮でき、測定コストの低減を図ることができる。   As is clear from the above description, the present invention is also characterized by the following points. That is, as described in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the hardness and depth obtained are obtained by connecting the points obtained by plotting the hardness obtained by measurement from the surface of the gear toward the center. Get from the curve. Since the curve is obtained by connecting the points, the number of measurement points can be set small, the measurement time can be shortened, and the measurement cost can be reduced.

又、図６で求めた硬さという定量的データに基づいて、浸炭深さが決められる。すなわち、図６で説明したように、破壊検査による硬さデータと、非破壊検査によるＸ電圧との突き合わせが行われる。この後は、非破壊検査によりＸ電圧を求め、図７に基づいて、浸炭深さに換算する。非破壊検査であるにも拘わらず、破壊検査での裏付けがなされているので、非破壊検査で求めた浸炭深さの信頼性が飛躍的に高まる。   Further, the carburization depth is determined based on quantitative data of hardness obtained in FIG. That is, as described with reference to FIG. 6, the hardness data by the destructive inspection and the X voltage by the nondestructive inspection are matched. Thereafter, the X voltage is obtained by nondestructive inspection, and converted to the carburization depth based on FIG. Despite the non-destructive inspection, since it is supported by the destructive inspection, the reliability of the carburization depth obtained by the non-destructive inspection is dramatically increased.

次に、好適な周波数を特定することを目的に、７００Ｈｚから４ｋＨｚまで周波数を変えて、各周波数当たり２２個のサンプルを準備し、図７と同様の相関図を作成し、相関係数を求めた。その結果を次図に示す。
図８は周波数と相関係数の関係を示すグラフであり、１ｋＨｚが最大で、２ｋＨｚ以上では相関係数が小さくなった。一方、７００〜１ｋＨｚでは、変化は小さい。
真空浸炭された歯車の歯底の浸炭深さを調べるには、周波数は７００〜１ｋＨｚの範囲に設定することが望ましいことが分かった。 Next, for the purpose of specifying a suitable frequency, the frequency is changed from 700 Hz to 4 kHz, 22 samples are prepared for each frequency, a correlation diagram similar to FIG. 7 is created, and a correlation coefficient is obtained. It was. The result is shown in the following figure.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the frequency and the correlation coefficient. The maximum is 1 kHz, and the correlation coefficient is small above 2 kHz. On the other hand, at 700-1 kHz, the change is small.
In order to examine the carburizing depth of the tooth bottom of the vacuum carburized gear, it has been found that the frequency is desirably set in the range of 700 to 1 kHz.

以上の構成からなる鋼製ワークの検査装置の作用を鋼製ワークに歯車を用いた場合を例に次に説明する。
図９は本発明に係る当て部材の作用説明図であり、（ａ）に示すように当て部材２８は、歯車５３の両端に接触するように配置されている。測定の対象となる歯車５３の大きさが変わる場合には、当て部材２８を回して雌ねじ穴４７から当て部材２８を外す。 Next, the operation of the steel workpiece inspection apparatus having the above-described configuration will be described by taking a case where a gear is used for the steel workpiece as an example.
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the contact member according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9A, the contact member 28 is disposed so as to contact both ends of the gear 53. When the size of the gear 53 to be measured changes, the contact member 28 is turned to remove the contact member 28 from the female screw hole 47.

次に（ｂ）に示すように、異なる大きさの歯車５４の大きさに合わせ、歯車５４の両端に当て部材２８が配置されるよう雌ねじ穴４７を選択し、選択された雌ねじ穴４７に当て部材２８を螺合させる。   Next, as shown in (b), the female screw hole 47 is selected so that the contact member 28 is arranged at both ends of the gear 54 according to the size of the gear 54 having a different size, and the female screw hole 47 is applied to the selected female screw hole 47. The member 28 is screwed.

当て部材２８を歯車５４の歯幅方向に移動させることができる。歯車５４の大きさに合わせて当て部材２８を移動させることができる。１の検査装置で様々な歯車の測定を行うことができ有益である。   The abutting member 28 can be moved in the tooth width direction of the gear 54. The abutting member 28 can be moved in accordance with the size of the gear 54. It is beneficial to measure various gears with one inspection device.

加えて、当て部材２８を歯車５４の歯幅方向に２個設けた場合、２個の当て部材２８、２８を歯車５４に接触させることにより、更に歯車５４から検出コイル３３までの距離を安定させることができる。検査装置の信頼性がより増す。   In addition, when two contact members 28 are provided in the tooth width direction of the gear 54, the distance from the gear 54 to the detection coil 33 is further stabilized by bringing the two contact members 28, 28 into contact with the gear 54. be able to. The reliability of the inspection device is further increased.

当て部材２８の位置が決まったら、歯車５４の強度を測定する。歯車の強度の測定法については次図で説明する。   When the position of the contact member 28 is determined, the strength of the gear 54 is measured. The method for measuring the strength of the gear will be described in the next figure.

図１０は本発明に係る鋼製ワークの検査装置の作用説明図であり、（ａ）に示すように、静止状態にある検出コイル３３へ、歯車５４を矢印（１）のように前進させる。（ｂ）に示すように、検出コイル３３に任意の歯底４４を臨ませ、歯底４４の浸炭深さを検出し、この浸炭深さの合否を判定させる。終わったら、矢印（２）のように歯車５４を後退させる。   FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the steel workpiece inspection apparatus according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10 (a), the gear 54 is advanced to the stationary detection coil 33 as shown by the arrow (1). As shown in (b), an arbitrary tooth bottom 44 is caused to face the detection coil 33, the carburization depth of the tooth bottom 44 is detected, and whether the carburization depth is acceptable or not is determined. When finished, the gear 54 is moved backward as indicated by the arrow (2).

次に、（ｃ）に示すように、歯車５４を１ピッチ（歯一枚分）だけ回す（矢印（３））。すると（ｄ）に示すように、隣の歯底４４が検出コイル３３に臨む。以降、（ａ）に戻って作業を継続する。この継続する作業をフローで再度説明する。   Next, as shown in (c), the gear 54 is rotated by one pitch (one tooth) (arrow (3)). Then, as shown in (d), the adjacent tooth bottom 44 faces the detection coil 33. Thereafter, the process returns to (a) and continues. This continuing operation will be described again in the flow.

図１１は本発明の鋼製ワークの検査装置を用いた好適な作業フロー図であり、ステップ番号（以下ＳＴと略記する。）０１で、合格基準深さＤｓを定める。例えば、合格基準深さＤｓが０．５ｍｍとする。この０．５ｍｍを図１の合否判定部３６へインプットする。   FIG. 11 is a preferred work flow diagram using the steel workpiece inspection apparatus of the present invention, and the acceptance reference depth Ds is determined by a step number (hereinafter abbreviated as ST) 01. For example, the acceptance reference depth Ds is 0.5 mm. This 0.5 mm is input to the pass / fail judgment unit 36 in FIG.

ＳＴ０２で、測定対象とする歯車の歯数Ｎを、図１の制御部１９へインプットする。測定回数を監視するために、先ず、回数ｎを１とする（ＳＴ０３）。次に図９の要領で当て部材２８の位置決めを行う（ＳＴ０４）。   In ST02, the number N of gear teeth to be measured is input to the control unit 19 in FIG. In order to monitor the number of measurements, first, the number n is set to 1 (ST03). Next, the abutting member 28 is positioned as shown in FIG. 9 (ST04).

当て部材２８の位置が決まったら、図１０（ａ）の要領で、歯車を前進させる（ＳＴ０５）。図１０（ｂ）の要領で、歯底のＸ電圧を測定させる（ＳＴ０６）。図１の浸炭深さ換算装置３５により、Ｘ電圧を浸炭深さＤａに換算させる（ＳＴ０７）。図１の合否判定部３６により、測定で得られた浸炭深さＤａが合格基準深さＤｓより大きいか否かを調べる（ＳＴ０８）。ＹＥＳであれば、「合格」の表示をする（ＳＴ０９）。次に、図８（ｂ）に矢印（２）で示すように歯車を後退させる（ＳＴ１０）。   When the position of the abutting member 28 is determined, the gear is advanced in the manner of FIG. 10A (ST05). In the manner shown in FIG. 10B, the X voltage of the tooth bottom is measured (ST06). The X voltage is converted into the carburization depth Da by the carburization depth conversion device 35 in FIG. 1 (ST07). The pass / fail judgment unit 36 in FIG. 1 checks whether or not the carburized depth Da obtained by the measurement is larger than the acceptance reference depth Ds (ST08). If YES, “pass” is displayed (ST09). Next, the gear is moved backward as indicated by an arrow (2) in FIG. 8B (ST10).

ここで、測定回数を調べる（ＳＴ１１）。初回はｎは１である。例えば歯車の歯数Ｎが４０であれば、ｎ＜Ｎであるから、ＮＯを進み、ｎに１を加える（ＳＴ１２）。そして、図１０（ｃ）の要領で、歯車を歯１個分だけ回転させる（ＳＴ１３）。そして、ＳＴ０５から再度、歯底の浸炭深さを測定する。   Here, the number of measurements is examined (ST11). N is 1 for the first time. For example, if the number N of gear teeth is 40, since n <N, NO is advanced and 1 is added to n (ST12). Then, as shown in FIG. 10C, the gear is rotated by one tooth (ST13). Then, the carburization depth of the tooth bottom is measured again from ST05.

ＳＴ０８で、浸炭深さＤａが合格基準深さＤｓより下回っていれば、ＮＯを進み、不合格表示を行う（ＳＴ１４）。不合格の場合は、この歯車に対する測定をこの時点で終了させることができる。   If the carburization depth Da is lower than the acceptance standard depth Ds in ST08, NO is advanced and a failure display is performed (ST14). If it fails, the measurement for this gear can be terminated at this point.

ＳＴ１１で、測定回数ｎが歯数Ｎに到達すれば、歯底の全数を検査したことになるので、測定終了の表示を行い、測定を終了する（ＳＴ１５）。   If the number of measurements n reaches the number of teeth N in ST11, the total number of tooth bottoms has been inspected, so that measurement completion is displayed and the measurement is terminated (ST15).

尚、本発明の鋼製ワークの検査装置は、図１に示した歯底浸炭深さ計測装置１０以外の装置やツールで浸炭深さを測ることは差し支えない。要は、歯底の浸炭深さが非破壊的に計測することができるものであれば、計測装置の形態、種類は問わない。   The steel workpiece inspection apparatus of the present invention may measure the carburization depth with an apparatus or tool other than the root carburization depth measurement apparatus 10 shown in FIG. In short, as long as the carburization depth of the tooth base can be measured nondestructively, the form and type of the measuring device are not limited.

本発明は、真空浸炭処理された歯車の浸炭深さを計測する技術に好適である。   The present invention is suitable for a technique for measuring the carburization depth of a gear that has been vacuum carburized.

本発明の鋼製ワークの検査装置を用いるのに適した歯底浸炭深さ計測装置の原理図である。It is a principle figure of the bottom carburization depth measuring device suitable for using the inspection device of the steel work of the present invention. 鋼製ワークの検査装置の正面図である。It is a front view of the inspection apparatus of steel workpieces. 図２の３線断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line 3 in FIG. 2. 図２の４線断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4 of FIG. 2. 図２の５部拡大断面図である。FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of part 5 of FIG. 2. 測定で得られた硬さを表したグラフである。It is a graph showing the hardness obtained by measurement. Ｘ電圧と浸炭深さの相関図である。It is a correlation diagram of X voltage and carburizing depth. 周波数と相関係数の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between a frequency and a correlation coefficient. 本発明に係る当て部材の作用説明図である。It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the contact member which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る鋼製ワークの検査装置の作用説明図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the inspection apparatus of the steel workpiece which concerns on this invention. 本発明の鋼製ワークの検査装置を用いた好適な作業フロー図である。It is a suitable work flowchart using the inspection apparatus of the steel workpiece of this invention. 従来の技術の基本原理を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the basic principle of the prior art. 従来の技術の問題を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the problem of the prior art. 歯車の挿入角度と電圧測定値の関係を示すグラフを説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the graph which shows the relationship between the insertion angle of a gearwheel, and a voltage measurement value.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０…歯底浸炭深さ計測装置、１５…鋼製ワーク、１６…ワーク支軸、１７…インデックスモータ、１８…シリンダユニット、１９…制御部、２３…鉄芯、２５…支持部、２６…球体、２８…当て部材、２９…励磁コイル、３３…検出コイル、３５…浸炭深さ換算装置、３６…合否判定部、３７…合否表示部、４０…鋼製ワークの検査装置、４６…雄ねじ部、４７…雌ねじ穴、５３、５４…歯車。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Dental carburization depth measuring apparatus, 15 ... Steel workpiece, 16 ... Work spindle, 17 ... Index motor, 18 ... Cylinder unit, 19 ... Control part, 23 ... Iron core, 25 ... Support part, 26 ... Sphere 28 ... Abutting member, 29 ... Excitation coil, 33 ... Detection coil, 35 ... Carburization depth converting device, 36 ... Pass / fail judgment unit, 37 ... Pass / fail display unit, 40 ... Steel workpiece inspection device, 46 ... Male screw portion, 47 ... Female screw hole, 53, 54 ... Gear.

Claims (4)

鉄芯で支持され鋼製ワークの近傍に置かれて前記鋼製ワークに渦電流を発生させる励磁コイルと、前記鉄芯で支持され鋼製ワークの近傍に置かれて前記渦電流で発生する磁界の変化を測定する検出コイルとからなる鋼製ワークの検査装置において、
この検査装置は、前記鉄芯から延ばされ先端が前記鋼製ワークに接触して、この鋼製ワークから前記検出コイルまでの距離を一定にする当て部材を備えている検査装置であり、
前記鋼製ワークは、真空浸炭処理された歯車であり、
前記当て部材は、ワークに接触させる球体と、この球体を前記鉄芯に接続する支持部とからなると共に、前記歯車の歯幅方向に少なくとも２個設けられ、
前記鉄芯の先端には、雌ねじ状に構成された複数の雌ねじ穴が設けられ、
前記支持部の先端には、雄ねじ状に構成された雄ねじ部が設けられ、
前記複数の雌ねじ穴のうち、任意の雌ねじ穴に、前記雄ねじ部が螺合されていることを特徴とする鋼製ワークの検査装置。 An exciting coil that is supported by an iron core and is placed in the vicinity of the steel workpiece and generates an eddy current in the steel workpiece; and a magnetic field that is supported by the iron core and is placed in the vicinity of the steel workpiece and generated by the eddy current. In a steel workpiece inspection device comprising a detection coil for measuring changes in
This inspection device is an inspection device that includes a contact member that extends from the iron core and has a tip that contacts the steel workpiece and makes the distance from the steel workpiece to the detection coil constant .
The steel workpiece is a gear that has been vacuum carburized,
The abutting member includes a sphere to be brought into contact with the workpiece, and a support portion that connects the sphere to the iron core, and is provided in at least two in the tooth width direction of the gear,
At the tip of the iron core, a plurality of female screw holes configured in a female screw shape are provided,
At the tip of the support portion, a male screw portion configured in a male screw shape is provided,
An inspection apparatus for a steel workpiece , wherein the male screw portion is screwed into an arbitrary female screw hole among the plurality of female screw holes . 前記検出コイルの形状は、円柱状であると共に、前記検出コイルの軸線が前記歯車の歯底に沿って配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の鋼製ワークの検査装置。 2. The steel workpiece inspection apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the shape of the detection coil is a cylindrical shape, and an axis of the detection coil is disposed along a tooth bottom of the gear . 検出コイルから検出情報を取得して浸炭深さに換算する浸炭深さ換算装置と、得られた浸炭深さを合格基準深さと比較して合否を判定する合否判定部と、得られた合否判定に基づいて、合格、不合格を表示する合否表示部とを備えていることを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載の鋼製ワークの検査装置。 Carburization depth conversion device that acquires detection information from the detection coil and converts it to carburization depth, a pass / fail determination unit that determines the pass / fail by comparing the obtained carburization depth with an acceptable reference depth, and the obtained pass / fail determination The steel workpiece inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising: a pass / fail display unit that displays pass / fail based on the above. 前記鋼製ワークを支持するワーク支軸と、このワーク支軸を一定ピッチで回転させるインデックスモータと、前記鋼製ワークを前記検出コイルに向かって移動させるシリンダユニットと、これらのインデックスモータ及びシリンダユニットを制御する制御部とが備えられていることを特徴とする請求項３記載の鋼製ワークの検査装置。 Work support shaft for supporting the steel work, an index motor for rotating the work support at a constant pitch, a cylinder unit for moving the steel work toward the detection coil, and these index motor and cylinder unit The steel workpiece inspection apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a control unit that controls the workpiece.
JP2008084622A 2008-03-27 2008-03-27 Steel workpiece inspection equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4991613B2 (en)

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JP2008084622A JP4991613B2 (en) 2008-03-27 2008-03-27 Steel workpiece inspection equipment
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CN2009801089857A CN101971016B (en) 2008-03-27 2009-03-17 Nondestructive testing system for steel workpiece
PCT/JP2009/055721 WO2009119529A1 (en) 2008-03-27 2009-03-17 Nondestructive testing system for steel workpiece

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US4634976A (en) * 1983-05-05 1987-01-06 American Stress Technologies, Inc. Barkhausen noise method for stress and defect detecting in hard steel
JPS62200262A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-09-03 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Cold rolling of metastable austenite based stainless steel and martensite value detector used therein
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