JP4979789B2 - Construction method of stair-permeable permeable retaining fence - Google Patents

Construction method of stair-permeable permeable retaining fence Download PDF

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JP4979789B2
JP4979789B2 JP2010093124A JP2010093124A JP4979789B2 JP 4979789 B2 JP4979789 B2 JP 4979789B2 JP 2010093124 A JP2010093124 A JP 2010093124A JP 2010093124 A JP2010093124 A JP 2010093124A JP 4979789 B2 JP4979789 B2 JP 4979789B2
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光二 栗原
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株式会社国土再生研究所
中林建設株式会社
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この発明は、斜面に階段状の植樹帯を形成して法面の崩壊防止及び緑化促進に寄与する階段透水土留柵の施工方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for constructing a staircase permeable retaining fence that contributes to the prevention of slope failure and the promotion of greening by forming a step-like tree planting zone on a slope.

従来、表土が失われた自然斜面や、公共事業等によって造り出された切土法面は、防災上の観点からモルタルやコンクリートの吹付け工あるいは法枠等で覆われることが多かった。しかし、近年は景観保護や地球環境保全を重視して、斜面上に平らな地盤を形成して崩落防止及び緑化を図る、新しい斜面防護技術としての階段透水土留柵、所謂フォレストベンチ工法の施工が増加している。   Conventionally, natural slopes where topsoil has been lost and cut slopes created by public works have been often covered with mortar or concrete sprayers or frame frames from the viewpoint of disaster prevention. However, in recent years, emphasis has been placed on landscape protection and global environmental protection, and the construction of a so-called forest bench construction method, a so-called forest bench construction method, has been developed as a new slope protection technology that forms a flat ground on the slope to prevent collapse and greening. It has increased.

このフォレストベンチ工法は、急傾斜地の斜面に壁体立設用の平坦部を形成し、この平坦部に透水性の壁体を略垂直に載置すると共に地山に固定したアンカーを壁体に略直交して接続し、この壁体背面上部に樹木の生育に好適な裏込土を裏込して壁体頂部に植樹帯を形成し、樹木の成長により地盤の強化を図るという工法である。   In this forest bench method, a flat part for standing a wall body is formed on a slope of a steep slope, a water-permeable wall body is placed on the flat part substantially vertically, and an anchor fixed to a natural ground is attached to the wall body. It is a method of connecting almost orthogonally, and backing up the back soil suitable for tree growth on the upper back of this wall body to form a planting zone at the top of the wall body and strengthening the ground by growing the tree .

従来のフォレストベンチ工法は、例えば特許文献１、特許文献２に記載されるような土留構造を用いている。
特開２００２−８１０７５号公報 特許第３７９９４０３号公報 従来フォレストベンチ工法を採用する場合には、ボルトの植込みが可能な地山であって安定している地質の斜面に適用されていた。その施工手順は、例えば斜面の上方から切土を行う場合、先ず形成した平坦部に最上段の壁体を据え付け、更に下段の斜面掘削を行なうことによりその土砂を壁体の裏込土として投入し、水平な植樹帯を形成した後、順次下方に階段状の植樹帯を造成するものであった。 The conventional forest bench method uses a soil retaining structure as described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, for example.
JP 2002-81075 A Patent No. 3799403 gazette Conventionally, when the forest bench method is adopted, it has been applied to a stable geological slope that is a natural ground where bolts can be implanted. The construction procedure is, for example, when cutting from the top of the slope, first installing the uppermost wall body on the formed flat part, and further excavating the lower slope, throwing the earth and sand as the back soil of the wall body Then, after forming a horizontal tree-planting zone, a step-like tree-planting zone was created sequentially below.

又、表土が失われた自然斜面の中には、所謂崩積土斜面と称される非常に不安定な被覆層を積層する崩れ斜面がある。この崩積土は岩石等の風化物が斜面上を移動・堆積したもので、常に落下する危険性を有しているため、崩れ斜面の下方域は立入禁止となることも多い。このような斜面の表層崩壊や落石の恐れがある箇所でその下方域を利用する場合には、従来から種々の落石防止措置や斜面安定化工法が採られてきた。   Moreover, among the natural slopes where the topsoil has been lost, there is a collapsed slope on which a very unstable covering layer called a so-called collapsed slope is laminated. This collapsible soil is a rock and other weathered material that has moved and accumulated on the slope, and there is a danger of falling constantly. Therefore, the area below the collapsing slope is often prohibited. In the case where the lower area is used in such a place where there is a risk of collapse of the surface of the slope or rock fall, various rock fall prevention measures and slope stabilization methods have been conventionally employed.

このような落石防止の構造としては、例えば特許文献３に記載されるような網体を用いる落石防止構造が広く採用されてきた。
特開２００９−２０３６８１号公報 落石防止構造は格子状に組み合わせたロープ材と、これらロープ材に連結された金網とを備える網体によって斜面を覆うものであるが、ロープ材は不安定な表層を貫いて、その下位に存在する支持層に定着するアンカーによって固定されていた。 As such a rock fall prevention structure, for example, a rock fall prevention structure using a net as described in Patent Document 3 has been widely adopted.
JP, 2009-203681, A Falling rock prevention structure covers a slope by a net body provided with a rope material combined in a lattice shape and a wire mesh connected to these rope materials, but the rope material has an unstable surface layer. It was fixed by an anchor that penetrated and fixed to the underlying support layer.

このように斜面防護技術としてフォレストベンチ工法や網体を用いる落石防止構造が従来より用いられてきたのであるが、フォレストベンチ工法を採用する場合には、平坦部の形成を先行してきたため、切土時に地山の自立が可能な比較的安定している地質の斜面にその適用が限定されてきた。特に崩積土斜面のように、崩壊の危険性が高く最も対策が求められる斜面に対しては、土留構造物の構築が困難であり、又その作業も非常に危険を伴うものであった。   As described above, the forest bench construction method and the rock fall prevention structure using a net have been used as slope protection techniques. However, when the forest bench construction method is adopted, the formation of the flat part has been preceded. At times, its application has been limited to relatively stable geological slopes where natural grounds can stand up. Especially for slopes with a high risk of collapse, such as collapsible slopes, it is difficult to construct earth retaining structures, and the work is very dangerous.

又、斜面で工事を行なう際には、施工中に発生する落石等に対してその防護策が求められていたが、下方から構造物を構築する場合には安全対策が採り難かった。   Moreover, when construction work is performed on slopes, protective measures against falling rocks generated during construction are required, but it is difficult to take safety measures when constructing structures from below.

又、崩積土斜面のように自立不能な地山を貫通してアンカーを施工する場合には、所謂他穿孔式のアンカーを採用することができなかった。他穿孔式とは各種削孔機械にて孔部を形成してからアンカー材を挿入する方式で、削孔壁が自立できない地山の場合、確実にアンカーを所定の深さにセットするためには、削孔に使用した鋼管をそのまま埋設したり、削孔ロッドをそのままロックボルトとして使用する自穿孔式のアンカーとせざるを得なかった。自穿孔式は他穿孔式に比べ高コストとなる欠点があった。   Further, when an anchor is constructed by penetrating a ground that cannot stand on its own like a collapsible slope, a so-called other perforated type anchor cannot be adopted. The other drilling type is a method in which an anchor material is inserted after forming a hole with various drilling machines, and in the case of a natural ground where the drilling wall cannot stand independently, in order to set the anchor to a predetermined depth reliably Had to embed a steel pipe used for drilling as it was, or a self-drilling anchor using the drilling rod as a lock bolt as it was. The self-drilling type has the disadvantage that it is more expensive than the other type.

このように崩積土斜面等の自立不能な地山に対して落石防止対策や斜面安定化対策を施工することは、施工時の安全面やコスト面でも非常に問題があった。   In this way, it has been extremely problematic in terms of safety and cost during construction to implement rockfall prevention measures and slope stabilization measures for unmountable ground such as collapsible slopes.

この発明は、従来の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法が有する上記の問題点を解消すべくなされたものであり、切土時に地山の自立が困難な地質の斜面に対してもその適用が可能で、特に崩積土斜面のように、崩壊の危険性が高い斜面に対しても、施工可能な階段透水土留柵を構築する方法を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional method for constructing a stair-permeable permeable retaining fence, and its application is also applied to a geological slope where it is difficult for the natural ground to become independent during cutting. The object is to provide a method for constructing a stair-permeable soil retaining fence that can be constructed even on slopes that are possible, especially slopes with high risk of collapse, such as collapsible slopes.

又、斜面の下方から施工する場合でも、施工中に発生する落石等に対しての安全対策が可能な階段透水土留柵を構築する方法を提供することを目的としている。   It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for constructing a stair-permeable soil retaining fence capable of taking safety measures against falling rocks and the like generated during construction even when construction is performed from below the slope.

又、崩積土のように自立不能な表層を有する斜面に対して安定化対策を施工する場合でも、他穿孔式のアンカーを採用することが可能で、低コストな階段透水土留柵を構築する方法を提供することを目的としている。   In addition, even when stabilization measures are applied to slopes that cannot be self-supporting, such as collapsible soil, other perforated anchors can be used, and a low-cost stair-permeable soil retaining fence is constructed. It aims to provide a method.

上記課題を解決するため、この発明の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法は、アンカーに支持される柱体を斜面に適宜間隔で立設し、この柱体間に透水性の壁体を設け、この壁体の裏込土に樹木を植栽することによって階段状の植樹帯を形成し、斜面の崩壊防止及び緑化促進に寄与する階段透水土留柵を構築する方法において、前記斜面は、崩積土砂を堆積する斜面をも含むものであって、この斜面上に格子状の足場枠体を組立て載置し、その足場枠体の水平部材に沿って杭を適宜間隔で支持層まで打ち込んだ後両者を締結して枠体を固定し、その後杭前面を徐々に切り下げながら杭間に水平矢板を差込んで土留めし、その後切下げ高さが杭支持層に近接した段階でアンカーを施工し、更に段切りを進めながら当該段切り箇所の足場枠体を取外して他部所へ盛り換え、この段切り部が終了した後形成した水平面に立設する前記柱体をアンカーと接続し、柱体間の壁体設置及び有孔管の敷設完了後、次段の斜面を掘削する土砂にて壁体背面の埋め戻しを行ない、その後これら一連の手順を繰り返すことを特徴とするものである。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the method of constructing the staircase permeable retaining fence according to the present invention is such that the pillars supported by the anchors are erected on the slope at appropriate intervals, and a permeable wall is provided between the pillars. In the method of forming a stair-like planting zone by planting trees on the lining soil of this wall body, and constructing a stair-permeable soil retaining fence that contributes to prevention of slope failure and promotion of greening, the slope is collapsed It also includes a slope on which earth and sand are deposited. After a grid-like scaffolding frame is assembled and placed on this slope, piles are driven into the support layer at appropriate intervals along the horizontal members of the scaffolding frame. Fasten both frames and fix the frame, then insert the horizontal sheet pile between the piles while gradually lowering the front of the pile, and then anchor the pile when the cut-off height is close to the pile support layer, While further stepping, remove the scaffolding frame at the stepping point. After the stepped portion is completed, the column body standing upright on the horizontal plane is connected to the anchor, and after the wall body between the column bodies and the perforated pipe have been laid, the next stage The back of the wall body is backfilled with earth and sand excavating the slope, and then these series of steps are repeated.

崩積土斜面は支持層上に角礫等が混在する堆積層を積層する斜面であって、所謂崩れ斜面である。本構築方法は崩積土砂を含むあらゆる地質の斜面に対して適用可能である。足場枠体は、斜面方向に、例えば長さ２０ｍ程度の単管パイプを３ｍピッチで適数本敷き並べ、その後これと直交する水平部材の単管パイプを３ｍ強のピッチで順次下方から緊結して形成する。   A collapsible soil slope is a so-called collapsing slope, which is a slope in which a sedimentary layer in which breccia is mixed is laminated on a support layer. This construction method can be applied to all geological slopes including collapsed sediment. For the scaffold frame, for example, an appropriate number of single pipe pipes with a length of about 20 m are laid out at a pitch of 3 m in the slope direction. Form.

杭は各水平部材毎に、水平矢板を支持し得る間隔、例えば５０ｃｍ程度の間隔で立設し、その長さは支持層まで打ち込めるもの、例えば２ｍとする。杭は、上端を枠体水平部材に固定し、下端を支持層に固定する２点支持構造となる。   For each horizontal member, the pile is erected at an interval capable of supporting the horizontal sheet pile, for example, at an interval of about 50 cm, and the length thereof can be driven to the support layer, for example, 2 m. The pile has a two-point support structure in which the upper end is fixed to the frame horizontal member and the lower end is fixed to the support layer.

水平矢板は杭の背面に差し込むものであるが、杭前面を僅かに切り下げながら表層土砂に設置可能な部材、例えば半割の竹材等を用いる。差込みは表層土砂の地質状況に合わせ、掛矢板方式あるいは縫地矢板方式により崩壊を防止しながら掘り崩して行く。   The horizontal sheet pile is inserted into the back surface of the pile, and a member that can be installed on the surface soil and sand, for example, half of bamboo material, is used while slightly cutting down the front surface of the pile. Depending on the geological condition of the surface soil, the insertion is dug while preventing collapse by the hanging sheet pile method or the sewing sheet pile method.

表層土砂を杭及び水平矢板にて土留した後、表層及び支持層の切り下げを行ないながら杭前面に平坦面を造成し、これを作業スペースとしてアンカーを施工する。アンカーは支持層に打ち込むもので、その打ち込み高さは杭の下端近傍となる。   After retaining the surface soil with piles and horizontal sheet piles, a flat surface is created on the front surface of the pile while lowering the surface layer and support layer, and anchors are constructed using this as the work space. The anchor is driven into the support layer, and the driving height is near the lower end of the pile.

その後所定高さまで段切りを進める段階では杭下方の足場枠体は不要となるのでこれを解体して盛り換える。段切りが終了した後、土留柵の主材をなす柱体を立設してアンカーと接続する。柱体間には壁体を設置し、段切り面後部に排水用の有孔管を敷設した後、次段の斜面を掘削する土砂にて壁体背面を埋め戻し、以降同様な手順にて階段形状に土留柵を形成する。   After that, at the stage of stepping up to a predetermined height, the scaffold frame below the pile is unnecessary, so this is disassembled and replaced. After the stage cut is completed, the column that is the main material of the retaining fence is erected and connected to the anchor. Walls are installed between the columns, and a perforated pipe for drainage is laid behind the stepped surface, and then the back of the wall is backfilled with earth and sand that excavates the slope of the next stage. A retaining fence is formed in a staircase shape.

請求項２記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法は、足場枠体を固定した後、上方に位置する格子の枠体及び杭を利用して斜面上方に開口する落石防護ネットを張設することを特徴とするものである。斜面の下方から段切り作業にかかる場合、上方からの落石に備える。   The method of constructing the stair-permeable permeable retaining fence according to claim 2 is that after fixing the scaffolding frame, a falling rock protection net that opens above the slope is stretched using the frame and pile of the lattice located above. It is characterized by. In case of stepping work from below the slope, prepare for falling rocks from above.

請求項３記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法における前記杭は、管体の下方を半楕円形状に切り広げて形成するオール形杭であることを特徴とするものである。先端が閉塞していないため管体内に土砂が入り込み難い。   The said pile in the method of constructing the staircase permeable earth retaining fence according to claim 3 is an all-type pile formed by cutting and expanding the lower part of the tubular body into a semi-elliptical shape. Since the tip is not blocked, it is difficult for soil and sand to enter the pipe.

請求項４記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法における前記オール形杭は、切り広げた先端が支持層に貫入するまで上方に継足し用の管体を連結し得る構成であることを特徴とするものである。継足し用の管体はオール形杭上端と同径で両者を接続ピン等により連結する。   The said all-type pile in the method of constructing the step permeable earth retaining fence of Claim 4 is a structure which can connect the pipe body for extension upwards until the front-end | tip cut out penetrates a support layer, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. To do. The extension pipe has the same diameter as the upper end of the all-type pile and connects them with connecting pins.

請求項５記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法における前記アンカーは、支持層に設置する他穿孔方式のアンカーであることを特徴とするものである。表層土砂を杭及び水平矢板にて土留してあるので、アンカー用の削孔が殆ど支持層からとなり、自立可能となる。   The anchor in the method for constructing a stair-permeable permeable retaining fence according to claim 5 is an anchor of another perforation method installed in a support layer. Since the surface soil is retained with piles and horizontal sheet piles, the anchor holes are almost made up of the support layer and can be self-supporting.

この発明の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法は、足場枠体の水平部材と支持層に固定される杭と、杭間に設ける水平矢板によって表層土砂を土留しながら切り下げるので、切土時に地山の自立が困難な地質の斜面に対してもその適用が可能である。特に崩積土斜面のように、崩壊の危険性が高い斜面に対しても、施工が可能となる。このように崩れ斜面の崩積土砂を含むあらゆる地質を対象にして、本発明の工法を適用する施工法が確立する。   In the method of constructing the stair-permeable earth retaining fence according to the present invention, the horizontal member of the scaffolding frame, the pile fixed to the support layer, and the horizontal sheet pile provided between the piles are used to cut down the surface sediment while retaining the earth. It can also be applied to geological slopes where it is difficult to become independent. In particular, construction is possible even on slopes with a high risk of collapse, such as collapsible slopes. Thus, the construction method to which the construction method of the present invention is applied is established for all geology including collapsing earth and sand on the landslide slope.

請求項２記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法は、格子の枠体及び杭を利用して落石防護ネットを張設するので、斜面下方からの段切り作業に対する安全対策が図れる。   In the method of constructing the stair-permeable permeable retaining fence according to claim 2, since the falling rock protection net is stretched using the frame body and the pile of the lattice, safety measures can be taken against the step cutting work from below the slope.

請求項３記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法は、オール形杭を使用するので貫入が容易で、表層に角礫等が存在してもこれを避けて打ち込める。請求項４記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法におけるオール形杭は、上方に管体を連結し得るので、表層が厚い場合でも対処可能となる。このような杭を使用することで経済性の向上が図れる。   The method for constructing the stair-permeable permeable retaining fence according to claim 3 is easy to penetrate because all-type piles are used, and even if there are boulders or the like on the surface layer, it can be driven. Since the all-type pile in the method of constructing the stair-permeable soil retaining fence according to claim 4 can connect the pipe body upward, it can cope even when the surface layer is thick. Economic efficiency can be improved by using such a pile.

請求項５記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法は、支持層に設置する他穿孔方式のアンカーを使用するので低コストな階段透水土留柵を構築する方法を提供することができる。   The method for constructing a stair-permeable permeable retaining fence according to claim 5 can provide a method for constructing a low-cost stair-permeable permeable retaining fence because an anchor of another perforation method installed in the support layer is used.

次にこの発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基づき詳細に説明する。図１は斜面に組み立てる足場枠体の平面図、図２は足場枠体を設置する斜面の断面図である。斜面１は表層２に崩積土砂を堆積し、その下方に支持層３を有する。足場枠体４は、斜面方向に載置する建地５と、これと直交する水平部材６とを格子状に組み立てるもので、建地５としては単管パイプを連結して長さ２０ｍ程度とし、これに同じく単管パイプの水平部材６を順次下方から緊結する。   Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a scaffold frame body assembled on a slope, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a slope where the scaffold frame body is installed. The slope 1 has collapsible sediment deposited on the surface layer 2 and has a support layer 3 below it. The scaffold frame 4 is constructed by assembling a building 5 to be placed in the slope direction and a horizontal member 6 orthogonal to the building 5 into a lattice shape. As the building 5, a single pipe is connected to have a length of about 20 m. Similarly, the horizontal member 6 of the single pipe pipe is sequentially fastened from below.

建地５の間隔はＷ1＝３．０ｍ程度とする。斜面１の傾斜角をθ＝４０°とし、ここに高さＨ＝２．５ｍの土留柵と、奥行Ｄ＝３．０ｍの植樹帯を階段状に構築する場合には、水平部材６の斜面上の間隔はＷ2＝３．９ｍ程度となる。水平部材６には、支持層３に到達する杭７を打ち込み両者を緊結する。杭７のピッチはＡ＝５０ｃｍ程度とする。   The interval between the building sites 5 is about W1 = 3.0 m. If the slope angle of the slope 1 is θ = 40 ° and a retaining fence with a height of H = 2.5 m and a planting zone with a depth of D = 3.0 m are constructed in steps, the slope of the horizontal member 6 The upper distance is about W2 = 3.9 m. A pile 7 that reaches the support layer 3 is driven into the horizontal member 6, and both are fastened together. The pitch of the piles 7 is about A = 50 cm.

杭７により足場枠体４を固定した後、上方に位置する格子枠体の水平部材６及び杭７を利用して斜面上方に開口する落石防護ネット８を張設する。これは斜面１の下方から段切り作業にかかる場合、上方からの落石９に備えるものである。   After the scaffold frame 4 is fixed by the pile 7, the falling rock protection net 8 that opens to the upper side of the slope is stretched using the horizontal member 6 and the pile 7 of the lattice frame located above. This is provided for the falling rock 9 from above when the step work is performed from below the slope 1.

杭７は崩積土砂を貫通して支持層に打ち込める構造が必要で、例えば先端を開放した杭を用いる。この杭の詳細を図３及び図４に基づき説明する。図３は杭の一部を省略した拡大正面図、図４は杭の拡大底面図である。杭７は管体７ａの下方に縦に切り込みを入れ下端部を半楕円形状に切り広げたオーバル部７ｂを有するオール形杭で、先端が閉塞していないため管体７ａ内に土砂が入り込み難く、表層２に角礫等が存在してもこれを避けつつ打ち込むことができる。オーバル部７ｂの長さは例えばＬ1＝５０ｃｍとする。   The pile 7 needs to have a structure that penetrates the collapsed sediment and can be driven into the support layer. For example, a pile having an open tip is used. The detail of this pile is demonstrated based on FIG.3 and FIG.4. FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view in which a part of the pile is omitted, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged bottom view of the pile. The pile 7 is an all-type pile having an oval portion 7b which is vertically cut below the tubular body 7a and has a lower end portion cut into a semi-elliptical shape. Since the tip is not closed, it is difficult for earth and sand to enter the tubular body 7a. Even if there are boulders or the like in the surface layer 2, it can be driven while avoiding this. The length of the oval portion 7b is, for example, L1 = 50 cm.

このオール形杭には、上端に他の管体７ｃを連結して先端が支持層に貫入し得るよう表層厚さに対応して全体長さを調整する。継足し用の管体７ｃは接続ピン７ｄにより連結する。杭７は、上端を枠体の水平部材６に固定し、下端を支持層３に固定する２点支持の梁構造となる。このため細身の部材や短めの部材を用いる経済的な部材使用でも水平反力の確保が可能となる。   In this all-shaped pile, the other length 7c is connected to the upper end, and the entire length is adjusted corresponding to the surface layer thickness so that the tip can penetrate into the support layer. The tube body 7c for extension is connected by the connection pin 7d. The pile 7 has a two-point support beam structure in which the upper end is fixed to the horizontal member 6 of the frame and the lower end is fixed to the support layer 3. For this reason, it is possible to secure a horizontal reaction force even when an economical member using a thin member or a short member is used.

表層２は切土による自立が困難であるため、杭７を利用した土留を行ないながら掘削を行なうが、この土留構造の詳細を図５及び図６に基づき説明する。図５は崩積土砂の土留構造を示す断面図、図６は図５のVI−VI断面を示す断面図である。水平矢板１０を杭７の背面に差し込みながらその前面を掘削する。   Since the surface layer 2 is difficult to stand by cutting, excavation is performed while retaining the soil using the pile 7, and details of the retaining structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the earth retaining structure of collapsed sediment, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the VI-VI cross section of FIG. The front of the horizontal sheet pile 10 is excavated while being inserted into the back of the pile 7.

水平矢板１０としては、例えば半割の竹材等を用いる。竹材の差込みは表層土砂の地質状況に合わせ、掛矢板方式あるいは縫地矢板方式により崩壊を防止しながら掘り崩して行く。図６は縫地矢板方式にて土留を行なう例を示す。   As the horizontal sheet pile 10, for example, half of bamboo is used. Bamboo inserts are dug while preventing collapse using the hanging sheet pile method or the sewing sheet pile method according to the geological condition of the surface soil. FIG. 6 shows an example in which earth retaining is performed by the sewing sheet pile method.

次に階段透水土留柵を構築する手順を図７乃至図１０に基づき説明する。図７は足場枠体の最下段を掘削した断面図、図８はこの最下段に土留柵を施工した断面図、図９は第２段の掘削を行い土留柵を立設する段階の断面図、図１０は第２段の埋め戻し作業を行なう断面図である。   Next, a procedure for constructing a stair-permeable permeable retaining fence will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 is a cross-sectional view of excavating the bottom stage of the scaffold frame, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of constructing a retaining fence at the bottom stage, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the stage of excavating the second stage to establish the retaining fence. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for performing the second-stage backfilling operation.

上述の水平矢板１０を利用した土留を行ないながら最下段の表層２、又必要に応じて支持層３まで掘削した後（図７）、アンカー１１及びその頭部に連結する緊結ワイヤ１２に支持される柱体１３を適宜間隔で立設し、この柱体１３の背面に透水性の壁体１４を設け、段切り面後部に排水用の有孔管１５を敷設した後、この壁体１４の背面に裏込土１６を埋め戻す（図８）。この時最下段の足場枠体４は解体して上方に盛り換えておく。   After excavating the bottom layer 2 and, if necessary, the supporting layer 3 while carrying out earth retaining using the horizontal sheet pile 10 (FIG. 7), it is supported by the anchor 11 and the binding wire 12 connected to the head thereof. The column body 13 is erected at an appropriate interval, a water-permeable wall body 14 is provided on the back surface of the column body 13, and a perforated pipe 15 for drainage is laid on the rear portion of the stepped surface. Backfill soil 16 is refilled on the back (FIG. 8). At this time, the lowermost scaffold frame 4 is dismantled and replaced upward.

第２段の表層を同様の手順にて杭７の前面を徐々に切り下げながら杭７間に水平矢１０板を差込んで土留めし、その後切下げ高さが杭７の支持層３に近接した段階でアンカー１１を施工する。表層土砂が杭７及び水平矢板１０にて土留してあるため、アンカー用の削孔が殆ど支持層３からとなり、自立可能となる。従ってアンカーは他穿孔方式で行なうことが可能となる。なお、その打ち込み高さは杭７の下端近傍となる。   Insert the horizontal arrow 10 plate between the piles 7 while gradually lowering the front surface of the pile 7 in the same procedure in the same manner as the surface layer of the second step, and then the cut down height is close to the support layer 3 of the pile 7 The anchor 11 is constructed in stages. Since the surface soil is retained by the piles 7 and the horizontal sheet piles 10, the anchor holes are almost made of the support layer 3 and can be self-supporting. Therefore, anchoring can be performed by other drilling methods. The driving height is in the vicinity of the lower end of the pile 7.

この段切り部が終了した後、形成した水平面に柱体１３を立設する。アンカー１１と柱体１３を緊結ワイヤ１２を介して接続し、柱体１３背面の壁体１４の設置及び有孔管１５の敷設完了後（図９）、更に上段の斜面の表層２をバックホー１７等の掘削機械にて掘削し、壁体１４の背面に裏込土１６として埋め戻す（図１０）。   After the step section is finished, the column 13 is erected on the formed horizontal plane. The anchor 11 and the column 13 are connected via the fastening wire 12, and after the installation of the wall 14 on the back of the column 13 and the laying of the perforated pipe 15 (FIG. 9), the surface layer 2 on the upper slope is further connected to the backhoe 17. It excavates with excavating machines, such as, and it backfills as the back soil 16 in the back surface of the wall body 14 (FIG. 10).

次に、土留柵の詳細を図１１及び図１２に基づき説明する。図１１は図９のａ部を拡大した断面図、図１２は図１１のXII−XII断面を示す断面図である。支持層３に定着するアンカー１１としては、頭部にナット１１ａを複数個螺着するボルト１１ｂを用い、このナット１１ａに緊結ワイヤ１２を係止する。   Next, details of the retaining fence will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of part a in FIG. 9, and FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the XII-XII cross section in FIG. As the anchor 11 fixed to the support layer 3, a bolt 11 b in which a plurality of nuts 11 a are screwed to the head is used, and the binding wire 12 is locked to the nut 11 a.

緊結ワイヤ１２は図１２に示すように２本の柱体１３に掛け渡す構成となっており、柱体１３の背面には水平梁１７を適数本横架する。この柱体１３と水平梁１７は、例えば単管パイプを格子状に緊結したものを用いる。水平梁１７の背面に配設する壁体１４は、例えばエキスパンドメタルと透水性マットを重合したものを用いる。   As shown in FIG. 12, the binding wire 12 is configured to hang over two column bodies 13, and an appropriate number of horizontal beams 17 are horizontally mounted on the back surface of the column bodies 13. As the column 13 and the horizontal beam 17, for example, a single pipe is used which is tightly connected in a lattice shape. As the wall body 14 disposed on the back surface of the horizontal beam 17, for example, a material obtained by polymerizing expanded metal and a water-permeable mat is used.

この柱体１３の前面には間隙を開け、間伐材を縦割りとした縦間伐材１８を柱体１３に合わせて立設すると共に、この間隙には同じく間伐材を縦割りとした水平間伐材１９を横積みにする。これらの間伐材を柱体１３に取り付ける際には、縦間伐材１８を挿通するボルト２０と、その先端に連結して柱体１３を巻回するワイヤ２１からなるストラップ材を用いる。   A vertical thinning material 18 with a gap formed in the front of the pillar 13 and vertically thinned wood is set up along with the pillar 13, and a horizontal thinning material with a thinned thinning material is also provided in the gap. 19 is stacked horizontally. When these thinned materials are attached to the column 13, a strap material comprising a bolt 20 that passes through the vertical thinned material 18 and a wire 21 that is connected to the tip of the thinned material and winds the column 13 is used.

斜面に組み立てる足場枠体の平面図である。It is a top view of the scaffold frame body assembled to a slope. 足場枠体を設置する斜面の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the slope which installs a scaffold frame. 杭の一部を省略した拡大正面図である。It is the enlarged front view which omitted a part of pile. 杭の拡大底面図である。It is an enlarged bottom view of a pile. 崩積土砂の土留構造を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the earth retaining structure of collapsing earth and sand. 図５のVI−VI断面を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the VI-VI cross section of FIG. 足場枠体の最下段を掘削した断面図である。It is sectional drawing which excavated the lowest step of the scaffold frame. 最下段に土留柵を施工した断面図である。It is sectional drawing which constructed the earth retaining fence at the lowest level. 第２段の掘削を行い土留柵を立設する段階の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the step which excavates the 2nd stage and erects a retaining fence. 第２段の埋め戻し作業を行なう断面図である。It is sectional drawing which performs the backfilling operation | work of a 2nd step. 図９のａ部を拡大した断面図である。It is sectional drawing to which the a part of FIG. 9 was expanded. 図１１のXII−XII断面を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the XII-XII cross section of FIG.

１ 斜面
２ 表層
３ 支持層
４ 足場枠体
５ 建地
６ 水平部材
７ 杭
１０ 水平矢板
１１ アンカー
１３ 柱体
１４ 壁体
１５ 有孔管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Slope 2 Surface layer 3 Support layer 4 Scaffolding frame body 5 Construction site 6 Horizontal member 7 Pile 10 Horizontal sheet pile 11 Anchor 13 Column 14 Wall body 15 Perforated pipe

Claims (5)

アンカーに支持される柱体を斜面に適宜間隔で立設し、この柱体間に透水性の壁体を設け、この壁体の裏込土に樹木を植栽することによって階段状の植樹帯を形成し、斜面の崩壊防止及び緑化促進に寄与する階段透水土留柵を構築する方法において、前記斜面は、崩積土砂を堆積する斜面をも含むものであって、この斜面上に格子状の足場枠体を組立て載置し、その足場枠体の水平部材に沿って杭を適宜間隔で支持層まで打ち込んだ後両者を締結して枠体を固定し、その後杭前面を徐々に切り下げながら杭間に水平矢板を差込んで土留めし、その後切下げ高さが杭支持層に近接した段階でアンカーを施工し、更に段切りを進めながら当該段切り箇所の足場枠体を取外して他部所へ盛り換え、この段切り部が終了した後形成した水平面に立設する前記柱体をアンカーと接続し、柱体間の壁体設置及び有孔管の敷設完了後、次段の斜面を掘削する土砂にて壁体背面の埋め戻しを行ない、その後これら一連の手順を繰り返すことを特徴とする階段透水土留柵を構築する方法。 Stair-like planting zones by installing pillars supported by anchors at appropriate intervals on the slope, providing water-permeable walls between the pillars, and planting trees on the back soil of the walls In the method of constructing a stair-permeable permeable retaining fence that contributes to prevention of slope failure and promotion of greening, the slope also includes a slope on which collapsible sediment is deposited, and a grid-like shape is formed on the slope. After assembling and placing the scaffolding frame, driving the piles up to the support layer at appropriate intervals along the horizontal members of the scaffolding frame, fastening them together, fixing the frame, and then gradually lowering the front of the pile Insert a horizontal sheet pile between them and hold it in place, and then install the anchor when the cut-off height is close to the pile support layer, and then remove the scaffolding frame at the stepped part while further stepping. And erected on the horizontal plane that has been formed after this step has been completed. After connecting the pillars to the anchors and completing the installation of the wall between the pillars and the laying of the perforated pipe, the back of the wall is backfilled with earth and sand excavating the slope of the next stage, and then these series of steps are performed. A method of constructing a staircase permeable earth retaining fence characterized by repetition. 前記足場枠体を固定した後、上方に位置する格子の枠体及び杭を利用して斜面上方に開口する落石防護ネットを張設することを特徴とする請求項１記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法。 The stairway permeable earth retaining fence according to claim 1, wherein, after the scaffolding frame is fixed, a rockfall protection net that opens above the slope is stretched using a frame and a pile of lattices located above. How to build. 前記杭は、管体の下方を半楕円形状に切り広げて形成するオール形杭であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法。 2. The method for constructing a staircase permeable earth retaining fence according to claim 1, wherein the pile is an all-type pile formed by cutting and expanding a lower part of a tubular body into a semi-elliptical shape. 前記オール形杭は、切り広げた先端が支持層に貫入するまで上方に継足し用の管体を連結し得る構成であることを特徴とする請求項３記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法。 4. The method for constructing a stair-permeable soil retaining fence according to claim 3, wherein the all-type pile is configured to be able to connect a pipe body for extension upward until the cut-out tip penetrates into the support layer. . 前記アンカーは、支持層に設置する他穿孔方式のアンカーであることを特徴とする請求項１記載の階段透水土留柵を構築する方法。 The method for constructing a staircase permeable earth retaining fence according to claim 1, wherein the anchor is an anchor of another perforation method installed in a support layer.
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