JP4918584B2 - ホイールローダ - Google Patents
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- JP4918584B2 JP4918584B2 JP2009260823A JP2009260823A JP4918584B2 JP 4918584 B2 JP4918584 B2 JP 4918584B2 JP 2009260823 A JP2009260823 A JP 2009260823A JP 2009260823 A JP2009260823 A JP 2009260823A JP 4918584 B2 JP4918584 B2 JP 4918584B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
- B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
- B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2217—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives with energy recovery arrangements, e.g. using accumulators, flywheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/48—Drive Train control parameters related to transmissions
- B60L2240/486—Operating parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
- B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
- B60W2510/244—Charge state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/16—Ratio selector position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/24—Energy storage means
- B60W2710/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
- B60W2710/244—Charge state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
- B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
- B60Y2200/415—Wheel loaders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
- Y10S903/917—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with transmission for changing gear ratio
- Y10S903/919—Stepped shift
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Description
すなわち、後進時の減速は前進シフトでのアクセル操作により、前進時の減速は後進シフトでのアクセル操作によりエンジン出力を用いて減速しているので、燃費が悪く、ヒートバランスの問題によりラジエータが大型のものが必要となる。
また、特にエンジン回転が下がった後に運転[4]に移行する場合、車両は
(1)ステアリング操作を行う
(2)積荷でのブーム上昇操作を行う
(3)車体を前進加速する
(4)エンジン自身を加速する
を同時に行っており、エンジンの出力が不足してエンジン回転の立ち上がりが悪く加速不良となることがある。
図1に示すように、エンジン1の出力はトルコン(トルクコンバータ)2を介してトランスミッション(変速機)3に伝えられ、プロペラシャフト4、デファレンシャル5を介して動輪6を駆動する。トランスミッション3は、例えば1速(1st)から4速(4th)までの速度段と前進(F)又は後進(R)とに切換可能とするクラッチを切り換える複数のソレノイドバルブ(図示せず)を備えている。
また、エンジン1の出力は、エンジン1とトルコン2との間に設けられたギヤトレーン7を介して、作業機用の油圧ポンプ8とステアリング用の油圧ポンプ9とを駆動する。油圧ポンプ8の吐出油は、作業機油圧回路(図示せず)に供給され作業機(ブーム及びバケット 共に図示せず)を駆動する。油圧ポンプ9の吐出油は、ステアリング油圧回路(図示せず)に供給されステアリングシリンダ(図示せず)を駆動する。
キャパシタ13は、例えば電気二重層コンデンサであり、リチウムイオン電池等の二次電池に比べエネルギー密度(単位重量あたりの蓄積エネルギー)は低いが、比較的大電流を流すことが可能で、電動機11,12の発電作動により発生する電気エネルギーを蓄えると共に、電動機11,12がモータ作動する場合には電力を供給する。
電源コントローラ10は後述するシステムコントローラ20からの指令に応じて、キャパシタ13の充放電制御及び電動機11,12の発電作動又はモータ作動の制御を行う。また、電源コントローラ10は、キャパシタ13の充電量を検出している。
ブレーキ22は、所定操作量までは後述の回生制動のみが作動し、所定操作量を越えるとブレーキの油圧回路も作動するように調整されている。
ステップS1でFR信号と車速信号とを比較し、前後進レバー23のポジションと車両の進行方向とが一致するか否かを判断し、一致する場合にはステップS2に進む。ステップS2において、車速が設定車速V1(例えば10km/h)以上であり、かつアクセル信号よりアクセルOFF(アクセル操作していない)か否かを判断し、車速が設定車速V1未満、又はアクセル操作している場合にはステップS3に進む。ステップS3において、ブレーキ信号よりブレーキ操作しているか否かを判断し、ブレーキ操作していない場合にはステップS4に進む。ステップS4で、充電量信号よりキャパシタ13の充電量が規定値C1以上か否かを判断し、充電量が規定値C1未満である場合には充電量不足であるのでステップS1に戻り、充電量が規定値C1以上である場合にはステップS5に進む。
また、回生制動により蓄えた電力で電動機11,12を駆動(アシスト作用)することが可能で、これにより、積荷状態でブーム上昇操作を行うと同時に車体を前進2速(F2)でフル加速するような、重負荷操作時のエンジン1の出力負担を軽減でき、エンジン出力不足を防止できる。また、これにより、従来出力不足が発生しないエンジンを搭載した車両においては、現在よりも小型のエンジンに載せかえることができ、燃費を向上することが可能となる。
また、重負荷操作時に限らず、アクセル21がフル操作されている場合に電動機11をモータ作動してエンジン1による車両の加速をアシストしているので、車両の加速性を向上できる。更に、地山を掘削する際の車両の牽引力をアシストすることにより、掘削性能を向上できる。
また、上記実施形態において、キャパシタ13の容量は、くり返し作業の1サイクル内で電動機11,12をモータ作動するのに必要な電力を蓄えることができれば十分である。1サイクル内での減速時の回生制動のみでは、この必要な電力を回収できないような場合には、エンジン出力に余裕があるとき、例えば作業機操作及びステアリング操作を行っていないとき(油圧ポンプ8,9の吐出圧が立っていないとき)に、第2の電動機12を発電作動させてこの発電電力をキャパシタ13に蓄えるように構成すればよい。
更に、作業中はエンジン1を定格回転で一定回転させ、出力に余裕があるときはその余剰トルクで発電した電力を充電し、エンジン出力が不足するときに蓄えた電力でエンジン出力をアシストするように構成してもよい。これにより、エンジン1に作用する負荷を平準化することができ、定格出力を従来最大負荷に合わせていたエンジンサイズを、平均負荷のものにサイズダウンすることができ、エンジンの小型化と燃費の向上が図れる。
蓄電手段としてキャパシタ13を例に挙げたが、仕様を満たせばリチウムイオン電池等の二次電池を用いても構わない。
Vシェープ運転で説明したが、Iクロス運転(ダンプトラック103への積み込み時毎に、ダンプトラック103がホイールローダ101と地山102との間に移動)、ロード&キャリー運転(Vシェープ運転に比べて前進距離が長く、例えば、土砂をホッパに運ぶとき)でも同様の効果が得られる。
この構成においても、車両減速時には電動機11を用いて回生制動し、発生した電力を蓄電し、必要時に放電して電動機11,12を駆動する。制動のためにエンジン出力を使用することもなく、回生制動によりエネルギーを回収しているので、前述の実施形態と同様にエンジンの小型化と燃費の向上が図れる。また、エンジンを定格回転で一定回転させることにより、前述同様さらにエンジンの小型化と燃費の向上が図れる。
Claims (2)
- エンジンにより作業機駆動用の油圧ポンプ及び動輪を駆動して作業を行うホイールローダにおいて、
動輪にトルク伝達可能な第1の電動機と、
前記油圧ポンプにトルク伝達可能な第2の電動機と、
第1の電動機および第2の電動機との間で電気エネルギーの受け渡しを行う蓄電手段と、
車両の減速操作時に動輪からのトルク伝達を受けて発電する第1の電動機の発電作動を制御し、発電した電気エネルギーを蓄電手段に蓄える制御装置と
を備え、
前記制御装置は、積荷状態で加速しつつブーム上昇操作を行う作業機操作時には、蓄電手段に蓄えた電気エネルギーを受けて油圧ポンプにトルクを伝達する第2の電動機のモータ作動を制御し、前記作業機操作を行わない場合であって、当該ホイールローダの車速が設定車速以下であり、かつアクセルがフル操作されている場合には、蓄電手段に蓄えた電気エネルギーを受けて動輪にトルクを伝達する第1の電動機のモータ作動を制御することを特徴とするホイールローダ。 - 請求項1記載のホイールローダにおいて、
第1の電動機に接続可能な抵抗器を備え、
前記制御装置は、
蓄電手段の充電量の検出機能を備えると共に、
蓄電手段の充電量が満充電に達したことを検出した場合には、第1電動機が発電した電気エネルギーを抵抗器に供給する
ことを特徴とするホイールローダ。
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JP2001114641A JP2002315105A (ja) | 2001-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | ホイールローダ |
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JP2001114641A Pending JP2002315105A (ja) | 2001-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | ホイールローダ |
JP2009260823A Expired - Fee Related JP4918584B2 (ja) | 2001-04-12 | 2009-11-16 | ホイールローダ |
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JP (2) | JP2002315105A (ja) |
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-
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DE10216308B4 (de) | 2007-02-22 |
US20020148144A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
KR20020080252A (ko) | 2002-10-23 |
JP2010030599A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
JP2002315105A (ja) | 2002-10-25 |
US6705030B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
KR100858664B1 (ko) | 2008-09-16 |
DE10216308A1 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
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