JP4914672B2 - Garbage crusher - Google Patents

Garbage crusher Download PDF

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JP4914672B2
JP4914672B2 JP2006217059A JP2006217059A JP4914672B2 JP 4914672 B2 JP4914672 B2 JP 4914672B2 JP 2006217059 A JP2006217059 A JP 2006217059A JP 2006217059 A JP2006217059 A JP 2006217059A JP 4914672 B2 JP4914672 B2 JP 4914672B2
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由和 小林
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Miike Tekkou KK
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本発明は、動植物性の廃棄物を粉砕するための保守の容易で効率的な破砕の可能な生ごみ粉砕機に関する。   The present invention relates to a garbage crusher that can be easily and efficiently crushed for crushing animal and vegetable waste.

動植物質を含む有機質廃棄物、例えば、家庭や食料品販売店舗、食品加工場からは、例えば、調理残飯類、売れ残り食品や廃棄食品、食肉や魚介の加工後の廃棄部分などが、多量に排出され、有機物質廃棄物は、一部は、可食部を養豚などの飼料とし、あるいは乾燥固形化して、耕作地用や園芸用の肥料、土壌改良材として利用されているが、収集されたこれら大部分は、都市部焼却場で他のごみ類と共に焼却されるか埋め立てられている。   Organic waste containing animals and plants, for example, households, grocery stores, and food processing plants, for example, large amounts of cooked leftovers, unsold foods and waste foods, and processed meat and seafood waste Some organic wastes are collected as part of the edible part of feed for pig farming, etc., or dried and solidified for use as cultivated land or horticultural fertilizers and soil conditioners. Most of these are incinerated or landfilled with other garbage at urban incinerators.

これらの有機質廃棄物も、動物質及び植物質を有しており有用な資源として活用できれば、焼却処理や埋め立て量を軽減できる利点がある。近年、これら有機質廃棄物を前もって発酵させることにより、良質な肥料に改質する方法が提案されている(例えば特許文献1)。   If these organic wastes also have moving substances and plant matter and can be used as useful resources, there is an advantage that the amount of incineration and landfill can be reduced. In recent years, there has been proposed a method of reforming these organic wastes into high-quality fertilizers by fermenting them in advance (for example, Patent Document 1).

有機質廃棄物を発酵させて肥料とするには、大きさを比較的小さく揃えておく必要があり、そのため、有機質廃棄物を予め破砕処理して所望の大きさに揃える必要があった。これら有機質廃棄物の破砕には、横型に比べ破砕物の粒度を小さくできる竪型生ごみ粉砕機が広く用いられている。竪型生ごみ粉砕機は、上部に破砕処理物を供給する供給口を設けたケーシングの内部に、縦回転軸を設け、その縦回転軸に複数のハンマーを取り付けたロータを設けて回転破砕部とし、下部に設けた排出口から破砕物を取り出す構造を有している(例えば、特許文献2)。
特開2004−098003号公報 特開2003−275607号公報
In order to ferment organic waste to make fertilizer, it is necessary to arrange the sizes relatively small. For this reason, the organic waste needs to be crushed in advance to have a desired size. For crushing these organic wastes, vertical garbage grinders that can reduce the particle size of the crushed material compared to the horizontal type are widely used. The vertical garbage crusher has a rotary crushing unit that is provided with a rotor equipped with a vertical rotary shaft and a plurality of hammers attached to the vertical rotary shaft inside the casing provided with a supply port for supplying the crushed material at the top. And a structure for taking out crushed material from a discharge port provided in the lower part (for example, Patent Document 2).
JP 2004-098003 A JP 2003-275607 A

しかしながら、有機質廃棄物は水分や油分等の液体を多く含むため、従来の竪型生ごみ粉砕機を用いて破砕すると、破砕物中の液体が回転破砕部から回転軸を伝って軸受内に浸入し、軸受内を腐食させてしまう問題があった。そのため、軸受の早期交換が必要となり、装置の維持管理が容易でないという問題があった。また、有機質廃棄物は液体や繊維質を多く含むため切断されにくく、さらにドロドロして流動性が悪いため、破砕を効率的に行うことが困難であるという問題もあった。   However, since organic waste contains a lot of liquids such as moisture and oil, when crushed using a conventional vertical garbage grinder, the liquid in the crushed material enters the bearing from the rotary crushing section through the rotating shaft and into the bearing. However, there is a problem that the inside of the bearing is corroded. For this reason, it is necessary to replace the bearings at an early stage, and there is a problem that the maintenance of the apparatus is not easy. In addition, since organic waste contains a lot of liquids and fibers, it is difficult to be cut, and it has a problem of being clogged efficiently because it is muddy and poor in fluidity.

そこで、本発明は、液体を多く含む有機質廃棄物を破砕する場合においても、軸受内への液体の浸入を抑制して維持管理を容易にするとともに破砕を効率的に行うことの可能な生ごみ粉砕機を提供することを目的とした。   Therefore, the present invention provides a garbage that can prevent the liquid from entering the bearing, facilitate the maintenance management and efficiently perform the crushing even when crushing the organic waste containing a lot of liquid. The object was to provide a grinder.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明の生ごみ粉砕機は、上部に液体を多く含む有機質廃棄物である破砕処理物Wを供給する供給口11と下部に破砕物W'を排出するための排出口12とを有し、水平面から15〜60度の範囲で傾斜配置された円筒状のケーシング10と、
該ケーシング10内に同じく傾斜して底板14の外側に固定された下側軸受25と頂板13の外側に固定された上側軸受26との間で軸承された回転軸20の軸方向に沿って固定され、破砕処理物Wを破砕する回転破砕部19とを有する生ごみ粉砕機であって、
上記回転破砕部19は粗引き回転刃31とハンマー破砕部30とから構成され、上記粗引き回転刃31は上記ハンマー破砕部30の上流側に位置し、供給口からの破砕処理物Wを受けるように側面が延びる斜刃31aから成る切断刃を複数備え斜刃31aによって破砕処理物Wを受けて下方に押しながら、鋭い刃先で供給口11から下降する大きな塊を切断して粗引きし、
他方、ハンマー破砕部30は縦回転軸回りに固定した間隔片によって所定間隔で縦に配列された複数の回転盤33と、回転盤33の周辺部に所定角度毎に複数の支持軸36が上記縦回転軸20との間にハンマー片37の自転スペースを残して嵌挿され、該軸に質量の中心を外れた位置を自転可能に軸支持され、軸支位置より外方位置する質量中心が回転盤33の間で回転盤33の回転に伴って遠心力を受け前記支持軸36の回りを自転しつつ 前記縦回転軸20の回りに旋回し公転する多数のハンマー片37を含み
上記ケーシングの内側に、上下方向に延び互いの間隔を調整可能な複数の縦通固定刃16からなる固定破砕部を備え、該固定破砕部が上記回転破砕部19と共同して上記の破砕処理物Wを破砕することを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the garbage crusher of the present invention has a supply port 11 for supplying a crushed material W , which is an organic waste containing a large amount of liquid in the upper part, and a discharge for discharging the crushed substance W ′ in the lower part. A cylindrical casing 10 having an outlet 12 and inclined with a range of 15 to 60 degrees from a horizontal plane ;
Along the axial direction of the longitudinal rotary shaft 20 that is supported between a lower bearing 25 that is also inclined in the casing 10 and is fixed to the outside of the bottom plate 14 and an upper bearing 26 that is fixed to the outside of the top plate 13. A garbage crusher having a rotary crushing unit 19 that is fixed and crushes the crushing processed product W ,
The rotary crushing part 19 is composed of a roughing rotary blade 31 and a hammer crushing part 30, and the roughing rotary blade 31 is located on the upstream side of the hammer crushing part 30 and receives a crushing processed product W from a supply port. In this way, a plurality of cutting blades composed of oblique blades 31a extending in the side face are provided , and a large lump descending from the supply port 11 is cut and roughed with a sharp blade edge while receiving the crushed material W by the oblique blade 31a and pushing it downward. ,
On the other hand, the hammer crushing unit 30 has a plurality of rotating plates 33 arranged vertically at predetermined intervals by interval pieces fixed around the vertical rotating shaft, and a plurality of support shafts 36 at predetermined angles around the rotating plate 33. A center of mass that is inserted between the longitudinal rotary shaft 20 leaving a rotation space of the hammer piece 37 and is supported by the shaft so as to be able to rotate at a position off the center of mass and positioned outward from the pivot support position. There comprises a plurality of hammer piece 37 revolves to pivot about the longitudinal rotational axis 20 while rotating around the support shaft 36 receives a centrifugal force with the rotation of the rotating disk 33 between the turntable 33,
Inside the casing, a fixed crushing portion comprising a plurality of longitudinal fixed blades 16 extending in the vertical direction and adjustable in mutual interval is provided, and the crushing portion cooperates with the rotary crushing portion 19 to perform the crushing treatment. The object W is crushed .

本発明の生ごみ粉砕機は、回転破砕部として、縦回転軸回りに固定した間隔片によって所定間隔で縦に配列された複数の回転盤と、回転盤の周辺部に複数揺動可能に軸支持されて各間隔内に配置したハンマーと、を含むハンマー破砕部を有するものを用いることができる。   The garbage pulverizer according to the present invention includes a rotating crushing section, a plurality of rotating disks arranged vertically at predetermined intervals by interval pieces fixed around a vertical rotating shaft, and a plurality of shafts that can swing around the periphery of the rotating disk. A hammer having a hammer crushing portion including a hammer that is supported and arranged in each interval can be used.

また、本発明の生ごみ粉砕機は、ケーシングの内側に上下方向に延び互いの間隔を調整可能な複数の固定刃からなる固定破砕部を備え、その固定破砕部が回転破砕部と共同して上記の破砕処理物を破砕する固定刃を有するものを用いることもできる。   Further, the garbage crusher of the present invention comprises a fixed crushing portion comprising a plurality of fixed blades extending in the vertical direction inside the casing and capable of adjusting the interval between them, and the fixed crushing portion cooperates with the rotary crushing portion. What has a fixed blade which crushes said crushing processed material can also be used.

また、回転破砕部として、ハンマー破砕部の上流側に、斜刃から成る切断刃を複数備えた粗引き回転刃を有するものを用いることもできる。   Moreover, what has a roughing rotary blade provided with two or more cutting blades which consist of a slant blade in the upstream of a hammer crushing part can also be used as a rotary crushing part.

供給口から装入された破砕処理物は、自重により下降する過程で回転破砕部により順次破砕され、排出口から排出されるが、ケーシングが傾斜しているので、破砕物中の液体も、ケーシング内に滞留することなく、傾斜する底板や傾斜する側壁に沿って移動し排出口から落下する。そのため、従来の竪型生ごみ粉砕機のように、破砕物中の液体が回転破砕部から回転軸を伝って軸受内に浸入することがないため、軸受内を腐食させてしまうことがない。これにより、維持管理の容易な生ごみ粉砕機を提供することができる。また、ケーシングを傾斜させることにより、竪型の場合に比べ破砕処理物がケーシング内を移動し易くなるため、破砕を促進することができる。   The crushed material charged from the supply port is sequentially crushed by the rotary crushing part in the process of descending due to its own weight and discharged from the discharge port, but the liquid in the crushed material is also removed from the casing because the casing is inclined. Without staying inside, it moves along the inclined bottom plate and the inclined side wall and falls from the discharge port. Therefore, unlike the conventional vertical garbage grinder, the liquid in the crushed material does not enter the bearing through the rotating shaft from the rotating crushing portion, so that the bearing is not corroded. Thereby, the garbage grinder easy to maintain can be provided. Further, by inclining the casing, it becomes easier for the crushed material to move in the casing as compared to the case of the saddle type, so that crushing can be promoted.

以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る生ごみ粉砕機の構造の一例を示す模式上面図である。生ごみ粉砕機1は、破砕処理物が供給される供給口11を上方に有するケーシング10が架台9の上に固定されている。ケーシング10の横に固定されたモータMの回転がベルトBとプーリを介してケーシング10内に配置された回転軸(不図示)に伝動される。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view showing an example of the structure of a garbage grinder according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the garbage pulverizer 1, a casing 10 having a supply port 11 to which a crushed processed product is supplied is fixed on a gantry 9. The rotation of the motor M fixed to the side of the casing 10 is transmitted to a rotating shaft (not shown) disposed in the casing 10 via the belt B and a pulley.

図2は、図1のII−II’線に沿った模式縦断面図である。生ごみ粉砕機1は、上方に破砕処理物Wを供給する供給口11を設け、下方には破砕物W’を排出する排出口12を設けた中空の円筒状のケーシング10を有する。このケーシング10内には、同じく傾斜して軸承された縦回転軸20が配置されている。ケーシング10の排出口12の直下には破砕された破砕物W’を搬出するコンベヤ(不図示)の一端側が配置されている。   FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view taken along line II-II ′ of FIG. The garbage crusher 1 has a hollow cylindrical casing 10 provided with a supply port 11 for supplying the crushed material W on the upper side and an outlet 12 for discharging the crushed material W 'on the lower side. In the casing 10, a vertical rotation shaft 20 that is similarly tilted and supported is disposed. Directly below the discharge port 12 of the casing 10 is disposed one end side of a conveyor (not shown) for carrying out the crushed crushed material W '.

ケーシング10の上部は、側壁15の一部が刳り抜かれ、上方に突き出た供給口11が形成されている。供給口11によって案内された破砕処理物Wは、ケーシング内の回転破砕部19に供給される。   In the upper part of the casing 10, a part of the side wall 15 is cut out to form a supply port 11 protruding upward. The crushing processed product W guided by the supply port 11 is supplied to the rotary crushing unit 19 in the casing.

縦回転軸20は、底板14に固定された下側軸受25と頂板13に固定した上側軸受26との間で軸承され、縦回転軸20は、ケーシング10の側方に固定した可変速モータMと、縦回転軸の下端部21とがベルトB及びプーリを介して伝動されて回転する。   The vertical rotary shaft 20 is supported between a lower bearing 25 fixed to the bottom plate 14 and an upper bearing 26 fixed to the top plate 13, and the vertical rotary shaft 20 is a variable speed motor M fixed to the side of the casing 10. And the lower end portion 21 of the longitudinal rotation shaft are transmitted through the belt B and the pulley to rotate.

回転破砕部19は、粗引き回転刃31とハンマー破砕部30とから構成されている。粗引き回転刃31は、縦回転軸20にキー等で搭載されており、回転方向して破砕処理物Wを下方に送るように、ボス部(不図示)から斜めに突出され、鋭い刃先を備えた、複数の、例えば2枚ないし6枚の斜刃31aを備え、斜刃31aは順次供給口11からの下部で破砕処理物Wを受けるように粗引き部の軸を斜め交差して延びている(図2参照)。図中、粗引き回転刃31は、斜刃31aによって破砕処理物Wを順次供給口11から受け、下方に押しながら、鋭い刃先で供給口11から下降する大きな塊を、真っ先に、残すことなしに、切断して、即ち、粗引きする。 The rotary crushing unit 19 includes a roughing rotary blade 31 and a hammer crushing unit 30. The roughing rotary blade 31 is mounted on the vertical rotary shaft 20 with a key or the like, and is projected obliquely from a boss portion (not shown) so as to send the crushed material W downward in the rotational direction, and has a sharp blade edge. A plurality of, for example, 2 to 6 slant blades 31a are provided, and the slant blades 31a extend so as to obliquely cross the axis of the roughing section so as to receive the crushed material W at the lower part from the supply port 11 sequentially. (See FIG. 2). In the figure, the roughing rotary blade 31 receives the crushed processed product W from the supply port 11 sequentially by the slant blade 31a, and does not leave a large lump that descends from the supply port 11 with a sharp blade edge while pushing downward. Next, it is cut, that is, roughed.

ハンマー破砕部30は、粗引き回転刃31の下方に配置されている。ハンマー破砕部30は、縦回転軸回りに上下方向に重積した多数の間隔片35によって所定間隔で上下に配列された複数の回転盤33と、回転盤の周辺部に上下に嵌挿された支持軸36と、該支持軸36に自転可能に軸支されて、各回転板間の各間隔内に配置されたハンマー片37とから成る。 The hammer crushing unit 30 is disposed below the roughing rotary blade 31. The hammer crushing portion 30 is vertically inserted into a plurality of rotating discs 33 arranged vertically at a predetermined interval by a plurality of interval pieces 35 stacked in the vertical direction around the vertical rotation axis, and the peripheral portion of the rotating disc. and the support shaft 36, is capable of rotating axially supported by the support shaft 36, made of a hammer piece 37. disposed within each interval of the rotation plates.

回転盤33は、縦回転軸に貫挿された円環状の間隔片35によって所定間隔で縦配列されて、同じく縦回転軸20に貫挿され、キー等で周り止めされている。回転盤33の外周辺部には、円周方向に例えば45度ピッチで縦に複数の縦回転軸20との間に図2に図示するようにハンマー片37の自転スペースを内側に残して、例えば8本の支持軸36が嵌挿され、これら上下に積み重ねられた回転盤33の隣り合う回転盤の間隔には、各々ハンマー37の一端部が装入され、各ハンマー37の当該一端部に開口した軸孔(不図示)に支持軸36が貫通して、装着され、各ハンマー37は支持軸36回りに揺動可能に搭載されている。回転破砕部30においては、多数のハンマー片37が、縦回転軸20の回転により、縦回転軸20回りに水平旋回し且つ支持軸36の回りに水平回動できるので、その複雑な運動により、破砕処理物の幹や枝葉や、軟質の生ごみなどの各構成物を破砕し押圧し裂きなどして小片化することができる。 The turntable 33 is vertically arranged at a predetermined interval by an annular interval piece 35 inserted through the vertical rotation shaft, and is also inserted through the vertical rotation shaft 20 and stopped by a key or the like. In the outer peripheral portion of the turntable 33, the rotation space of the hammer piece 37 is left inside as shown in FIG. 2 between the plurality of vertical rotation shafts 20 at a pitch of 45 degrees in the circumferential direction, for example . for example eight support shaft 36 is fitted, the rotating disk spacing adjacent the rotating disk 33 stacked on the upper and lower, respectively are charged one end of the hammer piece 37, the one end of each hammer piece 37 A support shaft 36 passes through a shaft hole (not shown) opened in the portion and is mounted, and each hammer piece 37 is swingably mounted around the support shaft 36. In the rotary crushing section 30, a large number of hammer pieces 37 can rotate horizontally around the vertical rotation shaft 20 and rotate around the support shaft 36 by the rotation of the vertical rotation shaft 20; Each component such as the trunk, branches and leaves of the crushed material, and soft garbage can be crushed, pressed, torn, and the like to be fragmented.

ケーシング10の下部には、側壁15の一部が刳り抜かれ、下方に突き出た開口からなる排出口12が形成されている。なお、排出口12に、複数の底スポークを有する環状部材(不図示)を固定し、スポーク間の空所よりも小さい大きさの破砕物のみを落下させることもできる。大きな破砕物の滞留時間を確保して、効率良く破砕することができる。   In the lower part of the casing 10, a part of the side wall 15 is hollowed out, and a discharge port 12 is formed that includes an opening protruding downward. It is also possible to fix an annular member (not shown) having a plurality of bottom spokes to the discharge port 12 and drop only the crushed material having a size smaller than the space between the spokes. The residence time of a large crushed material is ensured and it can crush efficiently.

回転破砕部と協同して破砕処理物を破砕する固定破砕部とし、ケーシング10の内面に上下方向に延び、互いの間隔を調整可能な縦通材の縦通固定刃16が多数取着されている。縦通材は、通常は、断面矩形の角材であり、ケーシングの内面上に上下方向に固定され、多数の縦通材が、内面の円周方向に配置され、これにより、ケーシング10の内面は、凹凸面にされている。縦通材は、上記回転破砕部のハンマー片と、接触しない程度に近接させるように配置され、例えば、2mm以下の距離となるように、固定された縦通材と旋回するハンマーとの協同の破砕ないし剪断作用により、破砕処理物の破砕を促進することができる。特に、ケーシング10内面を凹凸面にすることにより、ハンマーの旋回に同伴して破砕処理物の下降を促進することができる。これにより、破砕処理物の詰まりを防止することができる。   A fixed crushing part that crushes the crushed material in cooperation with the rotary crushing part, and is attached to a number of longitudinal fixed blades 16 that extend vertically on the inner surface of the casing 10 and can adjust the distance between them. Yes. The longitudinal member is usually a square member having a rectangular cross section, fixed vertically on the inner surface of the casing, and a number of longitudinal members are arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner surface, whereby the inner surface of the casing 10 is The surface is uneven. The stringer is arranged so as not to come into contact with the hammer piece of the rotary crushing part. For example, the stringer is fixed in cooperation with the rotating hammer so that the distance is 2 mm or less. By the crushing or shearing action, crushing of the crushed product can be promoted. In particular, by making the inner surface of the casing 10 an uneven surface, it is possible to promote the descending of the crushed material along with the turning of the hammer. Thereby, clogging of the crushing processed product can be prevented.

本発明の生ごみ粉砕機の動作について説明すると、供給口から装入された破砕処理物は、ケーシング内を自重及び回転刃とハンマーによる排出効果により下降する過程で回転破砕部を構成する粗引き回転刃及びハンマー破砕部により順次破砕され、排出口から真下に落下して排出される。破砕物中の水分も、ケーシング内に滞留することなく、傾斜する底板や傾斜する側壁に沿って移動し排出口から落下する。そのため、従来の竪型生ごみ粉砕機のように、破砕物中の水分が回転破砕部から回転軸を伝って軸受内に浸入することがないため、軸受内を腐食させてしまうことがない。また、ケーシングが傾斜しているので、従来の竪型に比べ、破砕処理物がケーシング内を移動し易くなるため、破砕を促進することができる。また、ケーシングの内面に上下に延びる縦通固定刃は、破砕処理物の下降を促進させるとともに、粗引き回転刃及びハンマー破砕部と協同して破砕を促進させる。また、粗引き回転刃とハンマー破砕部を設けることにより、破砕しにくい繊維質であっても、微細に、例えば1〜2mm程度まで破砕することが可能となる。   The operation of the garbage pulverizer of the present invention will be described. The crushed material charged from the supply port is roughly crushed to form a rotary crushing section in the process of descending the casing by its own weight and the discharging effect of the rotary blade and hammer. It is sequentially crushed by the rotary blade and the hammer crushing section, and it is dropped directly from the discharge port and discharged. The moisture in the crushed material also moves along the inclined bottom plate and the inclined side wall and does not stay in the casing, and falls from the discharge port. Therefore, unlike the conventional vertical garbage crusher, moisture in the crushed material does not enter the bearing from the rotating crushing portion through the rotating shaft, so that the inside of the bearing is not corroded. Moreover, since the casing is inclined, the crushed material is easily moved in the casing as compared with the conventional saddle type, so that the crushing can be promoted. Further, the vertical fixed blade extending vertically on the inner surface of the casing promotes the lowering of the crushed material, and promotes crushing in cooperation with the roughing rotary blade and the hammer crushing portion. Further, by providing the roughing rotary blade and the hammer crushing portion, even a fiber that is difficult to crush can be finely crushed to, for example, about 1 to 2 mm.

本発明の生ごみ粉砕機は一般の破砕処理物に適用できるが、特に、食品加工の分野で粉砕されるような魚介類や家畜の肉・骨を含み、さらに動植物性廃棄物を含む破砕処理物に好適に用いることができる。動植物性廃棄物は、魚介類や家畜の肉・骨、畜産家からの畜糞敷藁、林業や造園業の分野からの間伐材や剪定材、樹皮など植物性のものを含むものである。さらに、これらの混合物、たとえば、レストラン、旅館からの業務上の及び家庭等から排出される生ごみなどを含んでも良い。   The garbage pulverizer of the present invention can be applied to general crushed processed products. In particular, the pulverized processing includes fish and shellfish and meat and bones of livestock that are crushed in the field of food processing, and further includes animal and vegetable waste. It can use suitably for a thing. Animal and plant waste includes plant-based waste such as seafood, livestock meat and bones, livestock dung from livestock farmers, thinned wood, pruned wood, and bark from the fields of forestry and landscaping. Further, a mixture of these, for example, garbage from a business such as a restaurant or an inn or discharged from a home or the like may be included.

本発明においては、ケーシシングを架台上に傾斜配置するが、その傾斜角度は、水平面から5〜80度の範囲、より好ましくは15〜60度の範囲である。5度より小さいと軸受内への液体浸入防止の効果が十分でなく、80度よりも大きいと、破砕処理物が速く排出されすぎ、十分に破砕することができないからである。   In the present invention, the casing is inclined on the gantry, and the inclination angle is in the range of 5 to 80 degrees, more preferably in the range of 15 to 60 degrees from the horizontal plane. If the angle is less than 5 degrees, the effect of preventing the liquid from entering the bearing is not sufficient. If the angle is greater than 80 degrees, the crushed material is discharged too quickly and cannot be sufficiently crushed.

また、ハンマー破砕部に用いるハンマーに、直方体状ないし長刀状の棒状ハンマー片を利用することができる。ハンマーは楕円状又は円形状のハンマー片を含むことができ、好ましくは、周囲に凹凸歯を備えるものがよい。これらのハンマー片は、ハンマー片の質量中心位置から外れた位置に貫通孔を有し、この偏心位置の貫通孔、即ち、軸孔に、上記回転破砕部の回転盤を貫通する支持軸が貫通して、回動自在に軸支される。各ハンマー片は、回転盤により回転中は、貫通孔に対して質量中心が遠心力により縦回転軸より外方に位置するように放射状に整列されているであろうが、ハンマー片が、破砕処理物に衝突した時には、破砕処理物に打撃を与え、破砕する。大きく且つ硬い物質に衝突したときには、ハンマー片は、大きな衝撃を受けて支持軸回りに回動退避して、これを回避することができるのである。   In addition, a rectangular parallelepiped or long-sword bar-shaped hammer piece can be used as the hammer used in the hammer crushing section. The hammer can include an elliptical or circular hammer piece, and preferably has uneven teeth around it. These hammer pieces have a through hole at a position deviating from the center of mass of the hammer piece, and a support shaft that penetrates the rotating disk of the rotary crushing part passes through the eccentric through hole, that is, the shaft hole. Thus, it is pivotally supported. Each hammer piece will be aligned radially so that the center of mass is positioned outward from the longitudinal axis of rotation by centrifugal force while rotating by the rotating plate. When it collides with the processed material, the crushed processed material is hit and crushed. When it collides with a large and hard substance, the hammer piece receives a large impact and revolves around the support shaft to avoid this.

ハンマーは、比較的大きさの揃った破砕処理物に対して長刀状ないし長棒状のハンマー片を、また長さや寸法変化の大きい破砕処理物、例えば、大きな木質材、例えば、剪定材や間伐材に対して、周囲に凹凸歯を形成して楕円状又は円形状にした丸ハンマー片を利用することができる。ハンマーの形状は、破砕処理物の形態や性状に合わせて、適宜選択することができる。   A hammer is a long sword-shaped or long rod-shaped hammer piece for a relatively crushed processed product, or a crushed processed product having a large change in length or size, for example, a large wooden material such as pruned or thinned wood. On the other hand, the round hammer piece which formed the uneven | corrugated tooth | gear around and made it oval or circular shape can be utilized. The shape of the hammer can be appropriately selected according to the form and properties of the crushed material.

ハンマーの一例を、図3(A)、図3(B)、そして図3(C)に示す。図3(A)は、断面矩形の長片状の棒状ハンマー片37aであり、一端には、回転盤33外周片部に貫通した支持軸36が貫通する貫通孔、即ち、軸孔38が開設されている。支持軸36回りにハンマー片37aが水平回動することができる。この例は、比較的大きさの揃った破砕処理物に好適に使用することができる。   An example of a hammer is shown in FIGS. 3 (A), 3 (B), and 3 (C). FIG. 3A shows a long bar-shaped hammer piece 37a having a rectangular cross section, and at one end, a through hole through which the support shaft 36 penetrating the outer peripheral piece of the rotating disk 33 passes, that is, a shaft hole 38 is opened. Has been. The hammer piece 37a can be horizontally rotated around the support shaft. This example can be suitably used for a crushed material having a relatively uniform size.

図3(B)は、円形状のハンマー片で、隣り合う回転盤間の隙間に嵌る厚さを有し、周縁に凹凸歯を備え、偏心位置に軸孔38を備えている。この例は、破砕処理物の長さその他寸法に大きなバラツキがあるような破砕処理物、特に、木材、例えば、剪定材や間伐材の破砕に好適に使用できる。   FIG. 3B shows a circular hammer piece having a thickness that fits into a gap between adjacent rotating disks, provided with concave and convex teeth on the periphery, and provided with a shaft hole 38 at an eccentric position. This example can be suitably used for crushing a crushed processed product having a large variation in the length and other dimensions of the crushed processed product, particularly wood, for example, pruned material or thinned material.

図3(C)は、2つの突出刃部37dを有するY字形状のハンマー片37cで、一端には軸孔38を備えている。この例は、破砕処理物の長さその他寸法に大きなバラツキがあるような破砕処理物に好適に使用できる。   FIG. 3C shows a Y-shaped hammer piece 37c having two protruding blade portions 37d, and is provided with a shaft hole 38 at one end. This example can be suitably used for a crushed product having a large variation in the length and other dimensions of the crushed product.

また、固定破砕部として、ケーシングの内面に上下に取着された縦通固定刃に加え、ハンマー破砕部に連携する突出固定刃を設けることもできる。突出固定刃は、ケーシングの内面からいずれかの固定盤の周囲に対向して突出し且つハンマーに近接するように、該内面の周囲方向に複数取り替え可能に固定することができる。この突出固定刃は、ハンマー破砕部のいずれかの回転盤の周囲に対向して上下のハンマーの間に挿入配置することができ、このような突出固定刃には、ケーシングの周壁に固定して回転盤の外周に向けて横方向に突出する複数の突出部材を利用することができる。突出固定刃は、対応する回転盤の上下に位置するハンマーと近接して、ハンマーによる破砕処理物の切断・破砕を強めることができる。このような固定刃に対向する固定盤は、他の固定盤より厚さを大きくして、突出部材の強度を高めるようにしてもよい。   Moreover, as a fixed crushing part, in addition to the longitudinal fixed blade attached to the inner surface of the casing up and down, a protruding fixed blade that cooperates with the hammer crushing part can also be provided. A plurality of protruding fixed blades can be fixed so as to be replaceable in the circumferential direction of the inner surface so as to protrude from the inner surface of the casing to the periphery of one of the fixed plates and to be close to the hammer. This protruding fixed blade can be inserted and arranged between the upper and lower hammers so as to oppose the periphery of one of the rotary plates of the hammer crushing section. Such a protruding fixed blade is fixed to the peripheral wall of the casing. A plurality of projecting members projecting laterally toward the outer periphery of the rotating disk can be used. The protruding fixed blades can be close to the hammers located above and below the corresponding rotating disk, and can enhance the cutting and crushing of the crushed material by the hammers. Such a fixed plate facing the fixed blade may be thicker than other fixed plates to increase the strength of the protruding member.

突出固定刃の突出部材は、棒状、先細の三角形状ないし台形状、先広がりの逆三角形状などの種々の形状のものが利用できる。その断面(円筒面での断面で)を矩形状にするのが破砕の面で好ましい。これらの突出部材は、竪ケーシングの内壁から中心に向かって突出され、周囲方向に複数取り替え可能に固定される。破砕処理物は、回転している回転盤とハンマーとによって遠心力と回転力を受けてケーシングの内面に沿ってあるいはハンマーの間を下降するが、破砕処理物は、途中の固定刃に衝突して破砕あるいは切断されるので、さらに細かな破砕を促進することができる。突出固定刃は、ウイング板付きの直方体でもよく、竪ケーシングの内面に中心に向かって突出するように周囲方向に複数取り替え可能に固定することもできる。   As the protruding member of the protruding fixed blade, various shapes such as a rod shape, a tapered triangular shape or a trapezoidal shape, and a widening inverted triangular shape can be used. It is preferable in terms of crushing that the cross section (in the cross section of the cylindrical surface) is rectangular. These projecting members project from the inner wall of the saddle casing toward the center, and are fixed so as to be replaceable in the circumferential direction. The crushed material is subjected to centrifugal force and rotational force by the rotating turntable and the hammer and descends along the inner surface of the casing or between the hammers. However, the crushed material collides with a fixed blade in the middle. Therefore, further fine crushing can be promoted. The projecting fixed blade may be a rectangular parallelepiped with a wing plate, and may be fixed so as to be replaceable in the circumferential direction so as to project toward the center on the inner surface of the saddle casing.

以上説明したように、本発明によれば、破砕処理物中の液体は自重により排出口から落下して排出されるので、回転軸の軸受内に浸入することがなく軸受の腐食を防止することができる。これにより、維持管理の容易な生ごみ粉砕機を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, the liquid in the crushed material falls from the discharge port due to its own weight and is discharged, thereby preventing corrosion of the bearing without entering the bearing of the rotating shaft. Can do. Thereby, the garbage grinder easy to maintain can be provided.

本発明に係る生ごみ粉砕機の構造の一例を示す模式上面図である。It is a model top view which shows an example of the structure of the garbage crusher which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る生ごみ粉砕機の構造の一例を示す模式一部断面図である。It is a model partial sectional view showing an example of the structure of the garbage crusher concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る生ごみ粉砕機に用いるハンマーの構造の一例を示す模式図であり、(A)は棒状のハンマー片を、(B)は円形状のハンマー片を、(C)はY字形状のハンマー片を示す。It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the structure of the hammer used for the garbage grinder which concerns on this invention, (A) is a rod-shaped hammer piece, (B) is a circular shaped hammer piece, (C) is a Y-shape. Shows a hammer piece.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 生ごみ粉砕機
9 架台
10 ケーシング
11 供給口
12 排出口
13 頂板
14 底板
15 側壁
16 縦通固定刃
19 回転破砕部
20 縦回転軸
21 縦回転軸の下端部
25 下側軸受
26 上側軸受
30 ハンマー破砕部
31 粗引き回転刃
31a 斜刃
33 回転盤
35 間隔片
36 支持軸
37 ハンマー
37a,37b,37c ハンマー片
37d 突出刃部
38 軸孔
W 破砕処理物
W’ 破砕物
B ベルト
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Garbage grinder 9 Stand 10 Casing 11 Supply port 12 Discharge port 13 Top plate 14 Bottom plate 15 Side wall 16 Longitudinal fixed blade 19 Rotary crushing part 20 Vertical rotary shaft 21 Lower end part of vertical rotary shaft 25 Lower bearing 26 Upper bearing 30 Hammer Crushing part 31 Roughing rotary blade 31a Oblique blade 33 Rotary disk 35 Spacing piece 36 Support shaft 37 Hammer 37a, 37b, 37c Hammer piece 37d Projecting blade part 38 Shaft hole W Crushed material W 'Crushed material B Belt

Claims (1)

上部に液体を多く含む有機質廃棄物である破砕処理物Wを供給する供給口11と下部に破砕物W'を排出するための排出口12とを有し、水平面から15〜60度の範囲で傾斜配置された円筒状のケーシング10と、
該ケーシング10内に同じく傾斜して底板14の外側に固定された下側軸受25と頂板13の外側に固定された上側軸受26との間で軸承された回転軸20の軸方向に沿って固定され、破砕処理物Wを破砕する回転破砕部19とを有する生ごみ粉砕機であって、
上記回転破砕部19は粗引き回転刃31とハンマー破砕部30とから構成され、上記粗引き回転刃31は上記ハンマー破砕部30の上流側に位置し、供給口からの破砕処理物Wを受けるように側面が延びる斜刃31aから成る切断刃を複数備え斜刃31aによって破砕処理物Wを受けて下方に押しながら、鋭い刃先で供給口11から下降する大きな塊を切断して粗引きし、
他方、ハンマー破砕部30は縦回転軸回りに固定した間隔片によって所定間隔で縦に配列された複数の回転盤33と、回転盤33の周辺部に所定角度毎に複数の支持軸36が上記縦回転軸20との間にハンマー片37の自転スペースを残して嵌挿され、該軸に質量の中心を外れた位置を自転可能に軸支持され、軸支位置より外方位置する質量中心が回転盤33の間で回転盤33の回転に伴って遠心力を受け前記支持軸36の回りを自転しつつ前記縦回転軸20の回りに旋回し公転する多数のハンマー片37を含み
上記ケーシングの内側に、上下方向に延び互いの間隔を調整可能な複数の縦通固定刃16からなる固定破砕部を備え、該固定破砕部が上記回転破砕部19と共同して上記の破砕処理物Wを破砕することを特徴とする生ごみ粉砕機。
And an outlet 12 for discharging the crushed material W 'crushed treated W is organic waste in the lower part a supply port 11 for supplying rich liquid at the top, in the range of the horizontal plane of 15 to 60 degrees An inclined cylindrical casing 10 ;
Along the axial direction of the longitudinal rotary shaft 20 that is supported between a lower bearing 25 that is also inclined in the casing 10 and is fixed to the outside of the bottom plate 14 and an upper bearing 26 that is fixed to the outside of the top plate 13. A garbage crusher having a rotary crushing unit 19 that is fixed and crushes the crushing processed product W ,
The rotary crushing part 19 is composed of a roughing rotary blade 31 and a hammer crushing part 30, and the roughing rotary blade 31 is located on the upstream side of the hammer crushing part 30 and receives a crushing processed product W from a supply port. In this way, a plurality of cutting blades composed of oblique blades 31a extending in the side face are provided , and a large lump descending from the supply port 11 is cut and roughed with a sharp blade edge while receiving the crushed material W by the oblique blade 31a and pushing it downward. ,
On the other hand, the hammer crushing unit 30 has a plurality of rotating plates 33 arranged vertically at predetermined intervals by interval pieces fixed around the vertical rotating shaft, and a plurality of support shafts 36 at predetermined angles around the rotating plate 33. A center of mass that is inserted between the longitudinal rotary shaft 20 leaving a rotation space of the hammer piece 37 and is supported by the shaft so as to be able to rotate at a position off the center of mass and positioned outward from the pivot support position. There comprises a plurality of hammer piece 37 revolves to pivot about the longitudinal rotational axis 20 while rotating around the support shaft 36 receives a centrifugal force with the rotation of the rotating disk 33 between the turntable 33,
Inside the casing, a fixed crushing portion comprising a plurality of longitudinal fixed blades 16 extending in the vertical direction and adjustable in mutual interval is provided, and the crushing portion cooperates with the rotary crushing portion 19 to perform the crushing treatment. Garbage crusher characterized by crushing material W.
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