JP4911379B2 - Tile laying method and its structure - Google Patents

Tile laying method and its structure Download PDF

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JP4911379B2
JP4911379B2 JP2007049068A JP2007049068A JP4911379B2 JP 4911379 B2 JP4911379 B2 JP 4911379B2 JP 2007049068 A JP2007049068 A JP 2007049068A JP 2007049068 A JP2007049068 A JP 2007049068A JP 4911379 B2 JP4911379 B2 JP 4911379B2
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勝政 岡野
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オリエント商事株式会社
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本発明は、コンクリートスラブを含む床面の支持層に対してタイルを均等に敷設することを可能にするタイル敷設工法及びその構造に関する。   The present invention relates to a tile laying method and a structure thereof capable of laying tiles evenly on a support layer on a floor surface including a concrete slab.

従来のタイル敷設工法としては、接着剤を用いた圧着工法と、モルタルを用いた湿式のモルタル工法がある。   Conventional tile laying methods include a pressure bonding method using an adhesive and a wet mortar method using a mortar.

前者、すなわち圧着工法は、タイルを接着剤でタイル支持層であるコンクリートスラブ上に接着する工法であって、この場合、タイル床の仕上がり、すなわち平坦度の良し悪しは、必然的にコンクリートスラブの平坦度と、タイルの厚さの均一性及び平面度から影響を受ける。これを図7に示す。
理解に便利なように、やや誇張した表現で表したこの図7(及び以下の各図にも共通)において、支持層Aに対してそれぞれのタイルBは恰も波を打ったような状態を呈し、これはタイルAが大判になった場合には、図8に示すように、その影響は更に拡大されることになる。
The former, that is, the crimping method, is a method of bonding tiles onto a concrete slab as a tile support layer with an adhesive. In this case, the finish of the tile floor, that is, whether the flatness is good or bad is inevitably caused by and flatness, affected by uniformity and flatness of the thickness of the tile. This is shown in FIG.
In this FIG. 7 (and common to the following figures) expressed in a slightly exaggerated expression for convenience of understanding, each tile B is in a state of undulating against the support layer A. This is because, when the tile A becomes large, the influence is further expanded as shown in FIG.

すなわち、支持層Aを構成するコンクリートスラブの表面は、一般的には平坦度が劣っており、その度合いによってはタイルBを敷設する状況にはなっていない。この場合、接着剤の厚さで不陸を調整し、コンクリートスラブの平坦度を出すことには限界がある。
接着剤の層を厚くすると敷設直後の図9による粘着層Cの粘性が高いため、取り扱いがし難く、また、硬化するまでに時間を要するため、タイルBが自重で沈下して段差が生じ、タイルの破損の原因となる。これを図10によって示す。
不陸が激しく接着剤で調整する限度を超えた場合は、タイルの敷設に先立ってモルタル
をスラブ上に塗り重ねる左官工事仕上げを行う。この場合、熟練した技術を持った左官職人を必要とする。
そのため、最近ではセルフレベリング工法が用いられている。このセルフレベリング工法では、極めて流動性の高いモルタルを作ることができ、石膏若しくはセメント系の特殊材を使ったモルタルを、コンクリートスラブ上に流し、流れる過程でモルタル自体が自動的に平面を形成し、良好な平面を容易に得る工法である。ただし、難点としては、タイルの厚さのバラツキを許容しないことと、セルフレベリング材料と工費が嵩むことである。
That is, the surface of the concrete slab constituting the support layer A is generally inferior in flatness, and the tile B is not laid depending on the degree. In this case, there is a limit in adjusting the unevenness with the thickness of the adhesive and obtaining the flatness of the concrete slab.
When the adhesive layer is thickened, the viscosity of the adhesive layer C according to FIG. 9 immediately after laying is high, so it is difficult to handle, and it takes time to harden, so the tile B sinks under its own weight, causing a step, Cause damage to the tiles. This is illustrated by FIG.
If the unevenness is severe and exceeds the limit that can be adjusted with adhesive, a plastering finish is applied to mortar over the slab prior to laying the tile. In this case, a skilled plasterer is required.
Therefore, the self-leveling method has been used recently. With this self-leveling method, mortar with extremely high fluidity can be made. Mortar using a special material such as gypsum or cement is poured onto the concrete slab, and the mortar itself automatically forms a flat surface in the flow process. This is a method for easily obtaining a good flat surface. However, the difficulty is that the variation in the thickness of the tile is not allowed, and the self-leveling material and the construction cost are increased.

後者、すなわち、モルタル工法は、タイルをドライモルタルにより、支持層Aであるコンクリートスラブ上に敷設する工法であり、この工法は以下の手順により行われる。   The latter, that is, the mortar method, is a method of laying a tile on a concrete slab that is the support layer A by dry mortar, and this method is performed according to the following procedure.

一旦、コンクリートスラブを含む支持層Aの表面を平坦かつ平滑に調整した後、調整された平坦面上にタイルBを仮置きし、タイルBの厚さに合わせたドライモルタル層Dを形成する(図11参照)。   Once the surface of the support layer A including the concrete slab is adjusted to be flat and smooth, the tile B is temporarily placed on the adjusted flat surface to form a dry mortar layer D matching the thickness of the tile B ( (See Figure 11).

再度、タイルBを仮置きし、タイルB間の段差及び平面度を確認した後に、タイルBを再度外し、ドライモルタル層D上に、ドライモルタルaを加えたり又はドライモルタルbを減じて、ドライモルタル層Dを形成した後、タイルBを敷設する。この工法は、タイル
Bを置いたり、外したりを何回も繰り返し行って、初めて所定の平坦を得るという極めて高度の熟練した技術を要し、能率の悪い工法であると言える。
Temporarily place tile B again, and after checking the level difference and flatness between tiles B, remove tile B again and add dry mortar a or dry mortar b on dry mortar layer D to dry After forming the mortar layer D, the tile B is laid. This method is a tile
It can be said that it is an inefficient method that requires a highly skilled technique of obtaining the predetermined flatness for the first time by repeatedly putting and removing B many times.

更に、いずれの工法も、支持層及び接着層は硬化までに養生期間が必要であり、施工直後にタイルB上を歩行することはできない。そのため、工期がかかり、全体の工事の進行を妨げることから、生産性が低下する原因となっている。   Furthermore, in any of the construction methods, the support layer and the adhesive layer require a curing period before hardening, and cannot walk on the tile B immediately after the construction. Therefore, it takes a work period and hinders the progress of the entire construction, which causes a decrease in productivity.

これが他の床材と比べて優れた床材であるにも拘わらず、普及しない理由となっている。また、模様替えとか、廃業時の解体に当たっては、床材はすべて廃棄されているのが現況である。したがって時代的な環境要件を踏まえると、再利用等を考慮しなければならないことは明らかである。
日本建築学会 建築工事標準仕様書・同解説 JASS19 陶磁器質タイル張り工事 日本建築学会 建築工事標準仕様書・同解説 JASS9 張り石工事 嵩英雄 シリーズ監修 石川廣三、中山實、古賀一八、河辺伸二、永橋進、近藤照夫共著
Although this is an excellent flooring material compared to other flooring materials, it is a reason why it is not popular. In addition, all floor materials are being discarded at the time of remodeling or dismantling at the time of business closure. Therefore, it is clear that reuse must be taken into account when considering the environmental requirements of the times.
Architectural Institute of Japan Architectural Construction Standard Specification / Description JASS19 Ceramic Tiling Architectural Institute of Japan Standard Specification and Explanation for Building Work JASS9 Supervised by Hideo Ishikawa, Shinzo Ishikawa, Jun Nakayama, Kazuhachi Koga, Shinji Kawabe, Susumu Nagahashi, Teruo Kondo

以上述べた背景技術に鑑み、短工期、高生産性の工法が望まれており、短工期を実現するためには、接着層の硬化に養生期間を要するモルタル、接着剤を排除した工法が望まれており、かつ熟練工に頼らず、簡易に少人数での施工が可能な工法が要求されている。また店舗等は立地条件やテナント変更の度に床材のすべてを廃棄しているため、タイルの再利用(リユース)は重要な課題となっている。更に例えばセラミック等のタイルを傷つけず容易に離脱できるようにして、タイルを再利用することも課題となっている。   In view of the background art described above, a short construction period and a high productivity construction method are desired. In order to realize the short construction period, a construction method that eliminates mortar and adhesive that require a curing period to cure the adhesive layer is desired. There is a demand for a method that can be easily constructed by a small number of people without relying on skilled workers. In addition, the store reuses tiles every time the location conditions and tenant change, so the reuse of tiles is an important issue. Further, it is also a problem to reuse the tile so that the tile such as ceramic can be easily detached without damaging it.

短工期、高生産性を実現するために、タイルとこのタイルを支持する調整された支持層の間に、粘着性のあるシートを用いた粘着シート工法が容易に想像されるが、粘着シート工法では、タイルの平面精度、支持層の平面精度に限界があるため、シート層が薄い場合は、タイルが容易に破損されることが知られている。そのため、シートは精度緩衝材として適当な厚さが要求される。   In order to realize a short construction period and high productivity, an adhesive sheet method using an adhesive sheet between the tile and the adjusted support layer that supports this tile can be easily imagined. Then, since there is a limit to the plane accuracy of the tile and the plane accuracy of the support layer, it is known that the tile is easily damaged when the sheet layer is thin. Therefore, the sheet is required to have an appropriate thickness as a precision buffer material.

一方において、シート厚の増加は、タイル上を歩行する際に、タイル個々の粘着シートのタイル支持圧がバラツキ、粘着層が流動するため、タイルの浮上、目地の段差が生じるという問題があるので、この問題の解決策として、目地を挟み両側のタイルを共通に支持する粘着シートの厚さ方向にこのシートより剛性の高い材料からなる網目状テープであるタイル裏目地補強テープを粘着シートに埋設又は後付して配し、部分加重による沈み込みを抑制することにより解決する、タイル敷設工法及びその構造を発明した。   On the other hand, the increase in sheet thickness has the problem that, when walking on the tile, the tile support pressure of each tile's adhesive sheet varies, and the adhesive layer flows, resulting in tile floating and joint level differences. As a solution to this problem, tile backing joint reinforcement tape, which is a mesh tape made of a material that is stiffer than this sheet, is embedded in the adhesive sheet in the thickness direction of the adhesive sheet that supports both tiles in common across the joint. Or invented the tile laying method and its structure, which are arranged afterwards and solved by suppressing subsidence due to partial load.

この発明のタイル敷設工法及びその構造によれば、少なくとも目地を挟み両側のタイルを共通に支持するタイル裏目地補強テープが粘着層より剛性の高い材料によって構成することによって、部分加重による沈み込みを抑制して、タイルの表面の平坦、平滑性を維持することが可能となる。   According to the tile laying method and the structure of the present invention, the tile lining joint reinforcement tape that at least sandwiches the joint and supports the tiles on both sides in common is made of a material that is stiffer than the adhesive layer, so that the subsidence due to partial load can be prevented. It is possible to maintain the flatness and smoothness of the tile surface.

図1から図6は、本発明の方法及び構造を示すものである。
先ず、図1においてコンクリートスラブその他の床材からなる支持層1の表面をセルフレベリング工法等で可及的に平坦かつ平滑に調整層2を形成する。次いで粘着材からなる粘着シートを含む粘着層3を敷設し、この粘着層3の上に、タイル4を敷き詰めるのであって、各タイル4、4間には目地5が形成される。
1 to 6 illustrate the method and structure of the present invention.
First, in FIG. 1, the adjustment layer 2 is formed as flat and smooth as possible on the surface of the support layer 1 made of a concrete slab or other flooring material by a self-leveling method or the like. Next, an adhesive layer 3 including an adhesive sheet made of an adhesive material is laid, and tiles 4 are laid on the adhesive layer 3, and joints 5 are formed between the tiles 4 and 4.

タイル4としては、セラミック、硬化樹脂、ガラス、天然石、人口石、金属、木材などを目的に合わせて任意利用可能である。なお、調整層2を形成するモルタルは、石膏若しくはセメント系の特殊材を使ったモルタルであって、支持層1上を流れる過程でモルタル自体が自動的に平面を形成する。   As the tile 4, ceramic, cured resin, glass, natural stone, artificial stone, metal, wood, and the like can be arbitrarily used according to the purpose. The mortar forming the adjustment layer 2 is a mortar using a special material such as gypsum or cement, and the mortar itself automatically forms a flat surface in the process of flowing on the support layer 1.

粘着層3を構成する粘着シートは、シート状の基盤財(基布)例えば不織布、紙パルプからなるシートの片面にアスファルト、ブタジェンゴム等の粘着材を均一に塗布した厚さが均一なシートであって、本実施例では厚さ2mmの粘着シートを使用。   The pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet constituting the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 is a sheet having a uniform thickness obtained by uniformly applying a pressure-sensitive adhesive material such as asphalt or butadiene rubber on one side of a sheet-like base material (base fabric) such as a nonwoven fabric or paper pulp. In this example, a 2 mm thick adhesive sheet is used.

このような状況において、前記目地5の部分に部分加重Pが加わると、この部分において、粘着層3では矢印Fの方向への流動が発生し、その結果、各タイル4、4に段差が生じ平面維持は困難になるのである。   In such a situation, when a partial weight P is applied to the joint 5 portion, the adhesive layer 3 flows in this portion in the direction of the arrow F, and as a result, a step is generated in each tile 4, 4. Maintaining a flat surface becomes difficult.

そこで、本発明では図2に示すように粘着層3を構成する粘着材より剛性が高い材料からなる網目状のタイル裏目地補強テープ6を、タイル4、4間の目地5の中心に合わせて介在させる。   Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a mesh-like tile lining joint reinforcement tape 6 made of a material having higher rigidity than the adhesive material constituting the adhesive layer 3 is aligned with the center of the joint 5 between the tiles 4 and 4. Intervene.

この網目状のタイル裏目地補強テープ6としては、本実施例ではガラス繊維を2mm×2mmの網目状にした50mm幅のテープを使用しており、このテープ6はタイル4に作用する荷重を支持層1への粘着層3より先に伝達するものであって、粘着層3の網目の中に区画し、閉じ込めることによって、荷重による接着剤の平面方向の移動を抑制することができるものであり、区画が仕切られることにより、流動抵抗が高まり、区画内に閉じ込められるため、高さが維持され、タイル4、4間の段差の発生を抑制することができる。 As this mesh-shaped tile lining reinforcement tape 6, in this embodiment, a 50 mm width tape made of 2 mm × 2 mm glass fiber is used, and this tape 6 supports the load acting on the tile 4. It is transmitted before the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 to the layer 1, and is divided into the mesh of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 and confined to suppress the movement of the adhesive in the plane direction due to the load. By partitioning the compartments, the flow resistance is increased and confined in the compartments, so that the height is maintained and the occurrence of a step between the tiles 4 and 4 can be suppressed.

図4は、粘着層3の粘着材を形成した面に孔開き離形シート7を添着することを提案するものである。すなわち、この孔開き離形シート7には多数の孔8をあけてあり、この孔開き離形シート7がタイル4側に形成されていることにより、例えば、修理又は解体の際に、タイル4の剥離を容易にし、タイル4の再利用に資するところ大となる。   FIG. 4 proposes to attach a perforated release sheet 7 to the surface of the adhesive layer 3 on which the adhesive material is formed. That is, a large number of holes 8 are formed in the perforated release sheet 7, and the perforated release sheet 7 is formed on the tile 4 side, so that, for example, at the time of repair or dismantling, the tile 4 It will be easy to peel off and contribute to the reuse of tile 4.

実用にあたっては、図5に示すように、タイル裏目補強テープ6を粘着層3の内部に埋設することができ、また、このタイル裏目補強テープ6は粘着層3の表面を形成することができるとともに、図6に示すように粘着層3の全面にタイル裏目地補強テープ6を配することによって、荷重による平面方向の移動の抑制に更なる効果を得ることが可能。   In practical use, as shown in FIG. 5, the tile back reinforcement tape 6 can be embedded in the adhesive layer 3, and the tile back reinforcement tape 6 can form the surface of the adhesive layer 3. As shown in FIG. 6, by arranging the tile lining reinforcing tape 6 over the entire surface of the adhesive layer 3, it is possible to obtain a further effect in suppressing the movement in the plane direction due to the load.

タイル面に働く偏加重による粘着層の流動を示す図。The figure which shows the flow of the adhesion layer by the partial load which acts on a tile surface. 本発明のタイル裏目地補強テープの基本図。The basic diagram of the tile lining joint reinforcement tape of this invention. タイル裏目地補強テープの取り付け状態の一例を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows an example of the attachment state of a tile lining joint reinforcement tape. 孔開き離形シートの説明図。Explanatory drawing of a perforated release sheet. タイル裏目地補強テープの取り付け状態の他の例を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the other example of the attachment state of a tile lining joint reinforcement tape. タイル裏目地補強テープの更に他の例を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the further another example of a tile lining joint reinforcement tape. 従来工法による支持層平坦度不良による影響を示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the influence by the support layer flatness defect by a conventional construction method. 従来工法によるタイルが大判の場合の平坦度の影響を示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the influence of flatness in case the tile by a conventional construction method is large format. 従来工法による接着剤の不陸調整において敷設直後の状態を示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the state immediately after laying in the unevenness adjustment of the adhesive agent by a conventional construction method. 図9の敷設直後の状態からタイルが自重で沈下した状態を示す説明図。FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which a tile has sunk due to its own weight immediately after laying in FIG. 従来工法によるモルタル工法において、ドライモルタルの加減による平面調整を行う方法を示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the method of performing plane adjustment by adjustment of dry mortar in the mortar construction method by a conventional construction method.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 支持層

2 調整層

3 粘着層

4 タイル

5 目地

6 タイル裏目地補強テープ

7 孔開き離形シート

8 孔
1 Support layer

2 Adjustment layer

3 Adhesive layer

4 tiles

5 joints

6 Tile lining reinforcement tape

7 Perforated release sheet

8 holes

Claims (6)

コンクリートスラブを含む支持層の表面をセルフレベリング工法等で平坦かつ平滑に調整した調整を形成した後、この調整面上にシート状の基盤材の少なくとも片面に粘着材を均等に塗布した粘着シートを敷設し、この粘着シートからなる粘着層上にタイルを敷き詰めるに当たって、タイル間の目地の中心に合わせて前記粘着層より剛性が高い材料からなる網目状のタイル裏目地補強テープを前記粘着層に埋設又は後付して敷設することを特徴とするタイル敷設工法。 After forming the adjustment surface adjusted flat and smooth surface of the support layer in a self-leveling method or the like including a concrete slab, and an even layer of adhesive material on at least one surface of a sheet-like base material on the tone surface-adjusting adhesive When laying a sheet on a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer made of this pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet, a mesh-like tile lining reinforcement tape made of a material having a rigidity higher than that of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is aligned with the center of the joint between the tiles. A tile laying method characterized by laying or retrofitting in a wall. 前記粘着シートの上面すなわちタイルの裏面に相対する面に、多数の孔を設けた孔開きシートを添着してなる請求項1記載のタイル敷設工法。 Wherein the opposite surface to the back surface of the upper surface i.e. the tile adhesive sheet, tile laying method according to claim 1 wherein formed by impregnating the pores open-out sheet over preparative having a plurality of holes. 前記タイル裏目地テープを前記粘着シートの全面に敷設してなる請求項1、2のいずれかに記載のタイル敷設工法。 3. The tile laying method according to claim 1, wherein the tile lining joint tape is laid on the entire surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet. コンクリートスラブを含む支持層の表面をセルフレベリング工法等で平坦かつ平滑に調整した調整層の上に、基盤材の少なくとも片面に粘着材を均等に塗布した粘着シートからなる粘着層上に、敷設されたタイル間に形成される目地を中心にして網目状のタイル裏目地補強テープを前記粘着層に埋設又は後付してなるタイル敷設構造。 The surface of the support layer containing the concrete slab is laid on an adhesive layer consisting of an adhesive sheet in which the adhesive material is evenly applied to at least one side of the base material on the adjustment layer where the surface of the support layer is adjusted to be flat and smooth by the self-leveling method. A tile laying structure formed by embedding or retrofitting a mesh-like tile lining reinforcing tape around the joint formed between the tiles in the adhesive layer. 前記粘着シートの粘着材の上面に孔開き離形シートを添着し、もってタイル交換時のタイルの離形を容易にしてなる請求項4記載の散る敷設構造。 5. The scattered laying structure according to claim 4, wherein a perforated release sheet is attached to the upper surface of the adhesive material of the adhesive sheet, thereby facilitating release of the tile at the time of tile replacement. 前記タイル裏目地補強テープを粘着層より剛性が高い材料としてなる請求項4記載のタイル敷設構造。 5. The tile laying structure according to claim 4, wherein the tile lining reinforcing tape is made of a material having higher rigidity than the adhesive layer.
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