JP4900996B2 - Method for producing oil and fat composition - Google Patents

Method for producing oil and fat composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4900996B2
JP4900996B2 JP2000311391A JP2000311391A JP4900996B2 JP 4900996 B2 JP4900996 B2 JP 4900996B2 JP 2000311391 A JP2000311391 A JP 2000311391A JP 2000311391 A JP2000311391 A JP 2000311391A JP 4900996 B2 JP4900996 B2 JP 4900996B2
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Prior art keywords
oil
fat
weight
triglyceride
usu
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JP2002121584A (en
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満知子 登口
敏幸 廣川
亨 根津
詔司 丸銭
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Adeka Corp
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Adeka Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、SUS(S:飽和脂肪酸、U:不飽和脂肪酸;以下同様)で表されるトリグリセリドとUSU(S:飽和脂肪酸、U:不飽和脂肪酸;以下同様)で表されるトリグリセリドをそれぞれ特定量含有する油脂組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
炭素数16の飽和脂肪酸をP、炭素数18の飽和脂肪酸をS、炭素数18で1つの不飽和結合を有する脂肪酸をOで表すと、対称型トリグリセリドPOPとその逆対称型のOPO、同様にSOSとOSO、POPとOSO、POSとOSOは、それぞれモル比1:1の割合で分子間化合物(molecular compound)を形成すること、またこの分子間化合物は、テンパリング操作なしで、2鎖長構造で安定なβ型という独特の結晶構造が得られることが知られている。分子間化合物の構造に関して、日本食品科学工学会誌、第45巻、第10号、579−588(1998)では、対称型トリグリセリドは分子中に飽和鎖とシス型オレフィン基を含む不飽和鎖との立体障害が存在するが、逆対称型トリグリセリドと隣り合い、分子間で互いに別の分子とペアを組むことにより、 単独分子中では解消し得なかった飽和鎖と不飽和鎖間の立体障害を解消し、結晶全体としての格子エネルギーを減少させるものと推定している。
【0003】
分子間化合物の加工油脂への利用に関して、特開平4−135453号公報では、グリセリン骨格の2位に炭素数16〜22の飽和脂肪酸を、1,3位に炭素数16〜18で一つの不飽和結合を有する脂肪酸を結合した混酸型トリグリセリドが、カカオ脂と特異な結晶構造を形成し、融点はカカオ脂とほぼ同等であるにもかかわらず、 耐圧力変形性はカカオ脂よりも著しく小さいという特異な物理的性質を付与し、チョコレートの品質を向上させると述べている。このような性質を利用して、従来の方法では作り得なかった新しい物性を有する製品の開発が期待される。
【0004】
さらに、上記の公報では、グリセリン骨格の2位に不飽和脂肪酸を、1,3位に飽和脂肪酸を結合した混酸型トリグリセリド、及びその逆対称型トリグリセリドを単に混合することにより分子間化合物が形成されることが示されている。
【0005】
グリセリン骨格の2位に不飽和脂肪酸を、1,3位に飽和脂肪酸を結合した混酸型トリグリセリドは、例えばハードバターの原料となる植物性油脂に多く含まれており、容易に入手することができる。
【0006】
これに対し、グリセリン骨格の2位に飽和脂肪酸を、1,3位に不飽和脂肪酸を結合した混酸型トリグリセリドは、入手が困難であり、その製造方法に関する特許出願としては、特開平5−76283号公報や特表平8−509620号公報がある。前者は、グリセリドの1及び3位においてのみ活性な位置特異的である酵素リパーゼの転位触媒としての存在下で、菜種油又は大豆油の加水分解により得られる遊離脂肪酸類又はそれらのアルキルエステル類と、実質的に2−パルミチルグリセリドからなるグリセリドをエステル交換させた後、脂肪酸、 ジグリセリドを除去する方法である。後者は、グリセリドの1及び3位においてのみ活性な位置特異的である酵素リパーゼの転位触媒としての存在下で、3飽和トリグリセリドと炭素数18以上の不飽和脂肪酸をエステル交換させ、脂肪酸、ジグリセリドを除去した後、さらに、1,3位にパルミチン及び/又はステアリン酸以外の酸を多く含み、かつ炭素鎖16以上の飽和脂肪酸の総量の40重量%以上が2位にない油ブレンドと混合し、1,3−特異酵素を使用して酵素処理することによって、3飽和トリグリセリドのレベルを下げる方法である。両者とも、1,3位に不飽和脂肪酸を結合した混酸型トリグリセリドを得るために、グリセリドの1及び3位においてのみ活性な位置特異的である酵素リパーゼを用いて、2位に飽和脂肪酸を有するトリグリセリドと不飽和脂肪酸をエステル交換させており、反応後、蒸留して脂肪酸を除去するという工程が必要であり、工程が複雑で、かつコストがかかる点に問題があった。
【0007】
従って、本発明の目的は、融点が高いにもかかわらず、可塑性が大きくなるという特性とテンパリング操作なしで安定なβ型結晶が得られるという特性とを併せ有し、分子蒸留といった手間のかかる工程がなく、簡便に製造することが可能な油脂組成物を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、検討の結果、SUSで表されるトリグリセリドとUSUで表されるトリグリセリドとをそれぞれ特定割合で含有し、結晶化させることにより分子間化合物を形成させる油脂組成物によって、上記目的が達成し得ることを知見した。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、SUSで表されるトリグリセリドを20重量%以上、USUで表されるトリグリセリドを20重量%以上それぞれ含有し、かつ該SUSで表されるトリグリセリドと該USUで表されるトリグリセリドの重量比が1:0.5〜1.3である油脂組成物の製造方法において、SUSで表されるトリグリセリドを含有する油脂と、USUで表されるトリグリセリドを含有する油脂とを混合し、硬部油と軟部油に分別して硬部油として上記油脂組成物を得ることを特徴とする油脂組成物の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の油脂組成物の製造方法の実施の形態について説明する。尚、以下、本発明の油脂組成物の製造方法により得られる油脂組成物を、本発明の油脂組成物という。
【0011】
本発明の油脂組成物は、上記のように、SUSで表されるトリグリセリド(以下、単にSUSという)を20重量%以上、USUで表されるトリグリセリド(以下、単にUSUという)を20重量%以上それぞれ含有し、かつ該SUSと該USUの重量比が1:0.5〜1.3であることを特徴とする。
【0012】
本発明の油脂組成物は、SUSを20重量%以上、好ましくは25〜50重量%、さらに好ましくは30〜50重量%含有する。SUSが20重量%よりも少ないと、結晶化させたときの分子間化合物の形成量が少なくなるため好ましくない。
【0013】
また、本発明の油脂組成物は、USUを20重量%以上、好ましくは25〜50重量%、さらに好ましくは30〜50重量%含有する。USUが20重量%よりも少ないと、結晶化させたときの分子間化合物の形成量が少なくなるため好ましくない。
【0014】
そして、本発明の油脂組成物は、SUSとUSUの重量比が1:0.5〜1.3、好ましくは1:0.7〜1.2、さらに好ましくは1:0.9〜1.1である。SUSとUSUの重量比が1:0.5〜1.3の範囲外であると、効率良く分子間化合物を形成しないので好ましくない。
【0015】
さらに、本発明の油脂組成物はSSUを好ましくは20重量%以下、さらに好ましくは15重量%以下含有し、SUUを好ましくは15重量%以下、さらに好ましくは12重量%以下、UUUを25重量%以下、さらに好ましくは20重量%以下含有する。なお、ここにおいて、上記と同様に、Sは飽和脂肪酸、Uは不飽和脂肪酸を示し、以下においても同様である。
【0016】
本発明の油脂組成物は、上記のような組成であるため、油脂組成物を結晶化させることによりSUS1分子とその逆対称型のUSU1分子が分子間化合物(molecular compound)を形成する。そして分子間化合物を形成していることは2θ:0〜25°の範囲でX線回折測定をしたときに、2鎖長構造であり、かつ安定なβ型を示すことにより確認することができる。上記分子間化合物の油脂組成物中の形成量は現在のところ測定することはできない。よって、本発明では、分子間化合物の形成量とは、分子間化合物形成量の予測しうる最大値を計算により求めたものとする。計算方法は以下の通りである。
【0017】
分子間化合物形成量(重量%)=(油脂組成物中の、SUSの重量%とUSU重量%のうち、より少ないほうの重量%)×2
【0018】
上記の計算方法により求めた本発明の油脂組成物の分子間化合物の形成量は、好ましくは40重量%以上、さらに好ましくは50重量%以上、最も好ましくは60重量%以上である。
【0019】
また、本発明の油脂組成物は、食パン、菓子パン、デニッシュ、パイ、シュー、ドーナツ、ケーキ、クッキー、ハードビスケット、ワッフル、スコーン等のベーカリー製品に練り込み用、折込み用、フィリング用、サンド用、トッピング用、スプレッド用、スプレー用、コーティング用、フライ用として使用することができる。
【0020】
このような本発明の油脂組成物は、次のような方法で得ることができる。
まず、SUSを含有する油脂(以下、油脂Aという)と、USUを含有する油脂(以下、油脂Bという)を混合する。そして、これを硬部油と軟部油に分別し、得られた硬部油が本発明の油脂組成物である。
【0021】
上記の油脂Aの主成分であるSUSのSは飽和脂肪酸を示し、好ましくは炭素鎖16以上の飽和脂肪酸を示す。具体的には、パルミチン酸、 ステアリン酸、アラキジン酸、ベヘニン酸等が挙げられる。Uは不飽和脂肪酸を示し、好ましくは炭素鎖16以上のモノエン酸及び/又はジエン酸(パルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、エイコセン酸、エルシン酸等)、 さらに好ましくは炭素鎖16〜18のモノエン酸(パルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸)を示す。
【0022】
SUSは、2位にU、1,3位にSを結合した対称型トリグリセリドである。本発明では、このSUSの1位と3位に同一の飽和脂肪酸が結合している必要はない。
【0023】
そして、油脂AのSUSの含有量は、好ましくは40重量%以上、さらに好ましくは50重量%以上、最も好ましくは60重量%以上である。
【0024】
油脂Aの具体的な例としては、例えば、シア脂、サル脂、マンゴー脂、イリッペ脂、コクム脂、パーム油から選ばれた1種又は2種以上、ならびにこれらを水素添加、分別及びエステル交換から選択される1又は2以上の処理を施した加工油脂から選ばれた1種又は2種以上を挙げることができる。
【0025】
次に、油脂Bについて説明する。油脂BはUSUを含有する。油脂Bにおいても、Sは飽和脂肪酸を示し、好ましくは炭素鎖16以上の飽和脂肪酸を示す。Uは不飽和脂肪酸を示し、好ましくは炭素鎖16以上のモノエン酸及び/又はジエン酸、 さらに好ましくは炭素鎖16〜18のモノエン酸を示す。
【0026】
USUは、2位にS、1位と3位にUを結合した対称型トリグリセリドである。本発明ではこのUSUの1位と3位に同一の不飽和脂肪酸が結合している必要はない。
【0027】
そして、油脂BのUSUの含有量は好ましくは4重量%以上、さらに好ましくは8重量%以上、最も好ましくは12重量%以上である。
【0028】
また、油脂Bは、SUUやU3で表されるトリグリセリド(以下、SUU、U3とそれぞれいう)を含有していてもよい。SUUは、1位にS、2位と3位にUを結合した非対称型トリグリセリドである。
【0029】
油脂BのSUUの含有量とU3の含有量の合計量は、好ましくは84重量%以下、さらに好ましくは82重量%以下、最も好ましくは重量80重量%以下である。
【0030】
さらに油脂Bは、少量のS3及び/又はS2Uで表されるトリグリセリド(以下、S3、S2Uとそれぞれいう)を含んでもよい。ここでいうS2Uとは、1,2位にS、3位にUを結合した非対称型トリグリセリド及び1,3位にS、2位にUを結合した対称型トリグリセリド両方を含むものとする。
【0031】
油脂BのS3の含有量とS2Uの含有量の合計量は、好ましくは12重量%以下、さらに好ましくは10重量%以下、最も好ましくは8重量%以下である。
【0032】
油脂Bの具体的な例としては、ラード、牛脂、乳脂等、もしくはその分別軟部油が挙げられる。また、パーム油、パーム軟部油、シア脂軟部油、サル脂軟部油をランダムエステル交換した油脂、もしくはその分別軟部油が挙げられる。さらに、パーム油、パーム軟部油、パーム硬部油、シア脂軟部油、サル脂軟部油、ラード、 ラード硬部油、 牛脂、牛脂硬部油等と、ハイオレイックひまわり油、大豆油、菜種油等の液状油とを、ランダムエステル交換した油脂、もしくはその分別軟部油や、大豆油、 菜種油、 コーン油、パーム油、パーム硬部油、ラード、 牛脂等の極度硬化油と、ハイオレイックひまわり油、大豆油、菜種油等の液状油とを、ランダムエステル交換した油脂、もしくはその分別軟部油が挙げられる。
【0033】
本発明では上記油脂Aと油脂Bの混合割合は特に制限はないが、好ましくは重量比で、油脂A:油脂B=10〜30:90〜70の割合で混合するのがよく、さらに好ましくは油脂Aと油脂Bの混合油中のSUSのモル数とUSUのモル数の比率が、1:1となるようにするのがよい。
【0034】
このように油脂Aと油脂Bを混合した後、硬部油と軟部油に分別する。
分別方法は、特に制限はなく、溶剤を用いても用いなくても、またいかなる温度で分別してもよいが、得られる硬部油における非対称型トリグリセリドSUU及びU3の割合が小さく、軟部油における対称型トリグリセリドUSUの割合が小さい条件で分別するのがよい。具体的には、 溶剤を用いる場合には、好ましくはアセトン及び/又はヘキサンを用いて、重量比率で油脂: 溶剤=1: 5、分別温度はアセトンを用いるときは10〜−5℃、ヘキサンを用いるときは0〜−20℃で分別するのがよく、さらに好ましくは油脂: 溶剤=1: 1〜3、分別温度はアセトンを用いるとき5〜−3℃、ヘキサンを用いるときは−5〜−13℃で分別するのがよい。
【0035】
溶剤を用いない場合には、分別温度を好ましくは30〜10℃、さらに好ましくは25〜15℃で分別するのがよい。
【0036】
本発明において、溶剤を用いないで分別するよりは、溶剤を用いて分別するのがよい。
【0037】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。しかしながら、本発明は、これらの実施例により何ら制限されるものではない。また、「部」はすべて重量基準である。
【0038】
〔実施例1〕
油脂Aとしてマンゴー脂分別硬部油、 油脂Bとして下記のエステル交換油の分別軟部油を用いた。
【0039】
・エステル交換油の軟部油の調製
大豆極度硬化油20部とハイオレイックサフラワー油80部を混合し、対油1.5部のリパーゼQLC(名糖産業(株) 製)を添加して65℃で16h撹拌し、ランダムエステル交換反応を行い、エステル交換油を得た。得られたエステル交換油とアセトンを重量比率で1:2の割合で混合し、0℃で分別して分別軟部油を得た。
【0040】
上記油脂A13部と上記油脂B87部を混合した油脂Cを原料油とし、油脂Cとアセトンを重量比率で1:3の割合で混合し、−3℃で分別して硬部油と軟部油を得た。得られた分別硬部油を精製し、これを油脂Dとした。
【0041】
油脂A〜Dのトリグリセリド組成を表1に示す。また、油脂AのSUS及び油脂BのUSUのトリグリセリド組成を表5に示す。
【0042】
得られた油脂Dについて、60℃から1分間に40℃の割合で0℃まで急冷、0℃で30分間保持した後、20℃で1週間保持する、という条件で冷却、結晶化し、2θ:0〜25°の範囲でX線回折測定を実施したところ、トリグリセリドのパッキング状態が2鎖長構造で、かつ安定なβ型であることも確認され、分子間化合物を形成していることが分かった。
【0043】
また、油脂Dは、計算によると最大で、SUSとUSUからなる分子間化合物を67重量%形成していた。
【0044】
〔実施例2〕
油脂Aとしてサル脂分別硬部油、 油脂Bとして下記のエステル交換油の分別軟部油を用いた。
【0045】
・エステル交換油の軟部油の調製
大豆極度硬化油25部とハイオレイックサフラワー油75部を混合し、対油1.5部のリパーゼQLC(名糖産業(株) 製)を添加して65℃で16h撹拌し、ランダムエステル交換反応を行い、エステル交換油を得た。得られたエステル交換油とアセトンを重量比率で1:3の割合で混合し、5℃で分別して分別軟部油を得た。
【0046】
上記油脂A14部と上記油脂B86部を混合した油脂Cを原料油とし、油脂Cとアセトンを重量比率で1:3の割合で混合し、−3℃で分別して得た分別硬部油を精製し、これを油脂Dとした。
【0047】
油脂A〜Dのトリグリセリド組成を表2に示す。また、油脂AのSUS及び油脂BのUSUのトリグリセリド組成を表5に示す。
【0048】
得られた油脂Dについて、60℃から1分間に40℃の割合で0℃まで急冷、0℃で30分間保持した後、20℃で1週間保持する、という条件で冷却、結晶化し、2θ:0〜25°の範囲でX線回折測定を実施したところ、トリグリセリドのパッキング状態が2鎖長構造で、かつ安定なβ型であることも確認され、分子間化合物を形成していることが分かった。
【0049】
また、油脂Dは、計算によると最大で、SUSとUSUからなる分子間化合物を61重量%形成していた。
【0050】
〔実施例3〕
油脂Aとしてパーム中部油、 油脂Bとしてパーム軟部油のランダムエステル交換油とアセトンを重量比率で1:3の割合で混合し、5℃で分別して得た分別軟部油を用いた。
【0051】
上記油脂A18部と上記油脂B82部を混合した油脂Cを原料油とし、油脂Cとアセトンを重量比率で1:3の割合で混合し、−3℃で分別して得た分別硬部油を精製し、これを油脂Dとした。
【0052】
油脂A〜Dのトリグリセリド組成を表3に示す。また、油脂AのSUS及び油脂BのUSUのトリグリセリド組成を表5に示す。
【0053】
得られた油脂Dについて、60℃から1分間に40℃の割合で0℃まで急冷、0℃で30分間保持した後、20℃で1週間保持する、という条件で冷却、結晶化し、2θ:0〜25°の範囲でX線回折測定を実施したところ、トリグリセリドのパッキング状態が2鎖長構造で、かつ安定なβ型であることも確認され、分子間化合物を形成していることが分かった。
【0054】
また、油脂Dは、計算によると最大で、SUSとUSUからなる分子間化合物を60重量%形成していた。
【0055】
〔比較例1〕
油脂Aとしてマンゴー脂分別硬部油、 油脂Bとしてサル脂分別軟部油を用いた。
【0056】
上記油脂A39部と上記油脂B61部を混合した油脂Cを原料油とし、実施例1と同様の方法で分別して得た分別硬部油を精製し、これを油脂Dとした。
【0057】
油脂A〜Dのトリグリセリド組成を表4に示す。また、油脂AのSUS及び油脂BのUSUのトリグリセリド組成を表5に示す。
【0058】
得られた油脂Dについて、60℃から1分間に40℃の割合で0℃まで急冷、0℃で30分間保持した後、20℃で1週間保持する、という条件で冷却、結晶化し、2θ:0〜25°の範囲でX線回折測定を実施したところ、トリグリセリドのパッキング状態が2鎖長構造となっておらず、かつ準安定形のβ’型で、分子間化合物を形成していないことが分かった。
【0059】
【表1】

Figure 0004900996
【0060】
【表2】
Figure 0004900996
【0061】
【表3】
Figure 0004900996
【0062】
【表4】
Figure 0004900996
【0063】
【表5】
Figure 0004900996
【0064】
【発明の効果】
本発明の油脂組成物は、分子間化合物を形成する油脂組成物であり、そのため融点が高いにもかかわらず、可塑性が大きくなるという特性とテンパリング操作なしで安定なβ型結晶が得られるという特性とを併せ有するものである。
【0065】
また、本発明の油脂組成物は、分子蒸留といった手間のかかる工程がなく、簡便に製造することが可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention specifies a triglyceride represented by SUS (S: saturated fatty acid, U: unsaturated fatty acid; the same applies hereinafter) and a triglyceride represented by USU (S: saturated fatty acid, U: unsaturated fatty acid; the same applies hereinafter). It is related with the fat-and-oil composition contained in quantity.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
When a saturated fatty acid having 16 carbon atoms is represented by P, a saturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms is represented by S, and a fatty acid having 18 unsaturated bonds is represented by O, a symmetric triglyceride POP and its inversely symmetric OPO, SOS and OSO, POP and OSO, and POS and OSO each form a molecular compound in a molar ratio of 1: 1, and this intermolecular compound has a two-chain structure without a tempering operation. It is known that a unique crystal structure of β-type can be obtained. Regarding the structure of intermolecular compounds, in Japanese Journal of Food Science and Technology, Vol. 45, No. 10, 579-588 (1998), symmetric triglycerides are composed of a saturated chain and an unsaturated chain containing a cis-type olefin group in the molecule. Although there is steric hindrance, the steric hindrance between saturated and unsaturated chains, which could not be solved in a single molecule, can be eliminated by pairing with molecules that are adjacent to each other and pairing with each other. It is estimated that the lattice energy of the entire crystal is reduced.
[0003]
Regarding the use of intermolecular compounds in processed oils and fats, JP-A-4-135453 discloses a saturated fatty acid having 16 to 22 carbon atoms in the 2nd position of the glycerin skeleton, and one non-saturated one having 16 to 18 carbon atoms in the 1 and 3 positions. Mixed acid triglycerides combined with fatty acids with saturated bonds form a unique crystal structure with cocoa butter, and although the melting point is almost the same as cocoa butter, the pressure deformation resistance is significantly smaller than cocoa butter It states that it imparts unique physical properties and improves chocolate quality. Utilizing such properties, development of products having new physical properties that could not be made by conventional methods is expected.
[0004]
Further, in the above publication, an intermolecular compound is formed by simply mixing a mixed acid type triglyceride in which an unsaturated fatty acid is bonded to the 2nd position of the glycerin skeleton and a saturated fatty acid bonded to the 1st and 3rd positions, and its inverse symmetric triglyceride. It has been shown that.
[0005]
Mixed acid type triglycerides in which an unsaturated fatty acid is bonded to the 2nd position of the glycerin skeleton and a saturated fatty acid bonded to the 1st and 3rd positions are abundant in vegetable oils and fats used as raw materials for hard butter and can be easily obtained. .
[0006]
On the other hand, mixed acid triglycerides in which a saturated fatty acid is bonded to the 2nd position of the glycerin skeleton and an unsaturated fatty acid bonded to the 1st and 3rd positions are difficult to obtain, and as a patent application relating to the production method, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-76283 is disclosed. And Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-509620. The former are free fatty acids or their alkyl esters obtained by hydrolysis of rapeseed oil or soybean oil in the presence as a rearrangement catalyst of an enzyme lipase that is regiospecific only active at positions 1 and 3 of the glycerides; This is a method of removing fatty acids and diglycerides after transesterifying a glyceride consisting essentially of 2-palmitylglyceride. The latter transesterifies trisaturated triglycerides and unsaturated fatty acids having 18 or more carbon atoms in the presence of enzyme lipase, which is a regiospecific enzyme that is active only at positions 1 and 3 of glycerides, to convert fatty acids and diglycerides. After the removal, further mixed with an oil blend containing a large amount of acids other than palmitic acid and / or stearic acid at positions 1 and 3, and 40% by weight or more of the total amount of saturated fatty acids having 16 or more carbon chains is not at position 2. In this method, the level of trisaturated triglyceride is lowered by enzyme treatment using a 1,3-specific enzyme. Both have a saturated fatty acid at position 2 using an enzyme lipase that is active only at positions 1 and 3 of the glyceride to obtain a mixed acid triglyceride with an unsaturated fatty acid bound at positions 1 and 3. Triglyceride and unsaturated fatty acid are transesterified, and after the reaction, a step of removing the fatty acid by distillation is required, which has a problem in that the process is complicated and costly.
[0007]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to combine the property that the plasticity is increased despite the high melting point and the property that a stable β-type crystal can be obtained without a tempering operation. It is providing the oil-fat composition which can be manufactured simply.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of the study, the inventors of the present invention achieved the above-described object by using an oil and fat composition that contains a triglyceride represented by SUS and a triglyceride represented by USU in specific ratios and formed an intermolecular compound by crystallization. It was found that can be achieved.
[0009]
That is, the present invention contains 20% by weight or more of triglyceride represented by SUS and 20% by weight or more of triglyceride represented by USU, and the triglyceride represented by SUS and the triglyceride represented by USU weight ratio of 1: 0.5 to 1.3 manufacturing method of der Ru oil fat composition, the fats and oils comprising triglyceride represented by SUS, and fats and oils comprising triglyceride represented by the USU mixed It provides a method for producing an oil and fat composition, wherein the oil and fat composition is obtained by separating into hard part oil and soft part oil as hard part oil .
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the method for producing the oil and fat composition of the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, the oil and fat composition obtained by the method for producing the oil and fat composition of the present invention is referred to as the oil and fat composition of the present invention.
[0011]
As described above, the oil and fat composition of the present invention contains 20% by weight or more of triglyceride represented by SUS (hereinafter simply referred to as SUS) and 20% by weight or more of triglyceride represented by USU (hereinafter simply referred to as USU). Each is contained, and the weight ratio of the SUS to the USU is 1: 0.5 to 1.3.
[0012]
The oil and fat composition of the present invention contains 20% by weight or more of SUS, preferably 25 to 50% by weight, and more preferably 30 to 50% by weight. When the SUS is less than 20% by weight, the amount of intermolecular compound formed when crystallized decreases, which is not preferable.
[0013]
Moreover, the oil-fat composition of this invention contains USU 20weight% or more, Preferably it is 25-50 weight%, More preferably, it contains 30-50 weight%. If the USU is less than 20% by weight, the amount of intermolecular compound formed when crystallized decreases, which is not preferable.
[0014]
In the oil and fat composition of the present invention, the weight ratio of SUS to USU is 1: 0.5 to 1.3, preferably 1: 0.7 to 1.2, and more preferably 1: 0.9 to 1. 1. If the weight ratio of SUS to USU is outside the range of 1: 0.5 to 1.3, it is not preferable because an intermolecular compound is not efficiently formed.
[0015]
Furthermore, the oil and fat composition of the present invention preferably contains SSU in an amount of 20% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less, SUU is preferably 15% by weight or less, more preferably 12% by weight or less, and UUU is 25% by weight or less. The content is more preferably 20% by weight or less. Here, as described above, S represents a saturated fatty acid, U represents an unsaturated fatty acid, and the same applies to the following.
[0016]
Since the oil and fat composition of the present invention has the above-described composition, the SUS1 molecule and its inverse symmetrical USU1 molecule form a molecular compound by crystallizing the oil and fat composition. The formation of an intermolecular compound can be confirmed by the fact that it has a two-chain structure and exhibits a stable β-type when X-ray diffraction measurement is performed in the range of 2θ: 0 to 25 °. . The amount of the intermolecular compound formed in the oil or fat composition cannot be measured at present. Therefore, in the present invention, the formation amount of the intermolecular compound is the maximum value that can be predicted for the formation amount of the intermolecular compound. The calculation method is as follows.
[0017]
Intermolecular compound formation amount (% by weight) = (the lesser weight% of SUS weight% and USU weight% in the oil and fat composition) × 2
[0018]
The formation amount of the intermolecular compound of the oil and fat composition of the present invention determined by the above calculation method is preferably 40% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, and most preferably 60% by weight or more.
[0019]
In addition, the oil and fat composition of the present invention is used for kneading, folding, filling, sand, bakery products such as bread, confectionery bread, Danish, pie, shoe, donut, cake, cookies, hard biscuits, waffles, scones, It can be used for topping, spread, spray, coating, and frying.
[0020]
Such an oil and fat composition of the present invention can be obtained by the following method.
First, a fat and oil containing SUS (hereinafter referred to as fat and oil A) and a fat and oil containing USU (hereinafter referred to as fat and oil B) are mixed. And this is fractionated into hard part oil and soft part oil, and the obtained hard part oil is the oil and fat composition of the present invention.
[0021]
S of SUS, which is the main component of the above-described oil and fat A, represents a saturated fatty acid, preferably a saturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon chains. Specific examples include palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid and the like. U represents an unsaturated fatty acid, preferably a monoenoic acid and / or dienoic acid having 16 or more carbon chains (palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid, etc.), more preferably a monoene having 16 to 18 carbon chains. Acid (palmitoleic acid, oleic acid) is shown.
[0022]
SUS is a symmetrical triglyceride in which U is bonded to the 2nd position and S is bonded to the 1st and 3rd positions. In the present invention, it is not necessary that the same saturated fatty acid is bonded to the 1st and 3rd positions of SUS.
[0023]
The content of SUS in the fat A is preferably 40% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, and most preferably 60% by weight or more.
[0024]
Specific examples of the fat A include, for example, one or more selected from shea fat, monkey fat, mango fat, iripe fat, coconut fat, palm oil, and hydrogenation, fractionation, and transesterification thereof. 1 type or 2 types or more selected from the processing fats and oils which performed the 1 or 2 or more process selected from can be mentioned.
[0025]
Next, the fat and oil B will be described. Oil B contains USU. Also in fats and oils B, S represents a saturated fatty acid, preferably a saturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon chains. U represents an unsaturated fatty acid, preferably a monoenoic acid and / or dienoic acid having 16 or more carbon chains, and more preferably a monoenoic acid having 16 to 18 carbon chains.
[0026]
USU is a symmetric triglyceride in which S is bonded to the 2nd position and U is bonded to the 1st and 3rd positions. In the present invention, it is not necessary that the same unsaturated fatty acid is bonded to the 1st and 3rd positions of the USU.
[0027]
And the content of USU in fats and oils B is preferably 4% by weight or more, more preferably 8% by weight or more, and most preferably 12% by weight or more.
[0028]
Moreover, the fats and oils B may contain triglycerides represented by SUU and U3 (hereinafter referred to as SUU and U3, respectively). SUU is an asymmetric triglyceride in which S is bonded to the 1st position and U is bonded to the 2nd and 3rd positions.
[0029]
The total amount of the SUU content and the U3 content of the fat and oil B is preferably 84% by weight or less, more preferably 82% by weight or less, and most preferably 80% by weight or less.
[0030]
Furthermore, the fats and oils B may contain a small amount of triglyceride represented by S3 and / or S2U (hereinafter referred to as S3 and S2U, respectively). Here, S2U includes both an asymmetric triglyceride in which S is bonded to the 1,2-position and U is bonded to the 3-position, and a symmetric triglyceride in which S is bonded to the 1,3-position and U is bonded to the 2-position.
[0031]
The total amount of the S3 content and the S2U content of the fats and oils B is preferably 12% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, and most preferably 8% by weight or less.
[0032]
Specific examples of the fat B include lard, beef tallow, milk fat and the like, or fractionated soft part oil thereof. Moreover, the fats and oils which carried out transesterification of the palm oil, the palm soft part oil, the shea fat soft part oil, the monkey fat soft part oil, or the fractionation soft part oil is mentioned. In addition, palm oil, palm soft part oil, palm hard part oil, shea fat soft part oil, monkey fat soft part oil, lard, lard hard part oil, beef tallow, beef tallow hard part oil, etc., high oleic sunflower oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, etc. Oil and fat obtained by random transesterification with liquid oil, or fractionated soft oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, palm oil, palm hard oil, lard, beef tallow, etc., high oleic sunflower oil, soybean oil And oils obtained by random transesterification with liquid oils such as rapeseed oil, or fractionated soft part oils.
[0033]
In the present invention, the mixing ratio of the fats and oils A and B is not particularly limited, but is preferably mixed in a weight ratio of fats and oils A: fats and oils B = 10 to 30:90 to 70, and more preferably. It is preferable that the ratio of the number of moles of SUS and the number of moles of USU in the mixed oil of fats and oils A and fats B is 1: 1.
[0034]
Thus, after mixing the fats and oils A and the fats and oils B, it classifies into hard part oil and soft part oil.
The fractionation method is not particularly limited and may be fractionated with or without a solvent, and may be fractionated at any temperature, but the ratio of asymmetric triglycerides SUU and U3 in the obtained hard part oil is small, and the symmetry in the soft part oil It is good to fractionate on the conditions with a small ratio of type | mold triglyceride USU. Specifically, when a solvent is used, preferably acetone and / or hexane are used, and the weight ratio of fats and oils: solvent = 1: 5, and the fractionation temperature is 10-5 ° C. when acetone is used. When used, it is preferable to fractionate at 0 to −20 ° C., more preferably oil / fat: solvent = 1: 1 to 3, fractionation temperature is 5 to −3 ° C. when acetone is used, and −5 to −5 when hexane is used. It is better to separate at 13 ° C.
[0035]
When a solvent is not used, the fractionation temperature is preferably 30 to 10 ° C, more preferably 25 to 15 ° C.
[0036]
In the present invention, it is better to fractionate using a solvent than to fractionate without using a solvent.
[0037]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by these examples. All “parts” are based on weight.
[0038]
[Example 1]
As fat / oil A, mango fat fractionated hard part oil was used, and as fat / fat B, fractionated soft part oil of the following transesterified oil was used.
[0039]
-Preparation of soft part oil of transesterified oil Mix 20 parts of soybean super hardened oil and 80 parts of high oleic safflower oil, and add 1.5 parts of lipase QLC (manufactured by Meito Sangyo Co., Ltd.) to the oil. The mixture was stirred at 65 ° C. for 16 hours, and a random transesterification reaction was performed to obtain a transesterified oil. The obtained transesterified oil and acetone were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 2, and fractionated at 0 ° C. to obtain a fractionated soft part oil.
[0040]
Fat C obtained by mixing 13 parts of the above fat A and 87 parts of the above fat B is used as a raw material oil, and the fat C and acetone are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 3, and fractionated at -3 ° C. to obtain hard part oil and soft part oil. It was. The obtained fractionated hard part oil was purified and designated as oil D.
[0041]
Table 1 shows the triglyceride composition of the fats and oils A to D. In addition, Table 5 shows the triglyceride composition of SUS for oil A and USU for oil B.
[0042]
The obtained fat D was cooled and crystallized under the conditions of rapidly cooling from 60 ° C. to 40 ° C. per minute to 0 ° C., holding at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then holding at 20 ° C. for 1 week. When X-ray diffraction measurement was performed in the range of 0 to 25 °, it was confirmed that the triglyceride packing state was a two-chain structure and a stable β-type, and it was found that an intermolecular compound was formed. It was.
[0043]
Moreover, the fats and oils D were the maximum according to calculation, and formed 67 weight% of intermolecular compounds consisting of SUS and USU.
[0044]
[Example 2]
As fat and oil A, the fractionated soft part oil of sal fat was used, and as fat and oil B, the fractionated soft part oil of the following transesterified oil was used.
[0045]
・ Preparation of soft part oil of transesterified oil Mix 25 parts of soybean super hardened oil and 75 parts of high oleic safflower oil, and add 1.5 parts of lipase QLC (manufactured by Meito Sangyo Co., Ltd.) to the oil. The mixture was stirred at 65 ° C. for 16 hours, and a random transesterification reaction was performed to obtain a transesterified oil. The obtained transesterified oil and acetone were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 3, and fractionated at 5 ° C. to obtain a fractionated soft part oil.
[0046]
The oil C obtained by mixing 14 parts of the above-described oil A and 86 parts of the above oil B is used as a raw material oil, the oil C and acetone are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 3, and the fractionated hard part oil obtained by fractionation at -3 ° C. is purified. This was designated as oil D.
[0047]
Table 2 shows the triglyceride composition of the fats and oils A to D. In addition, Table 5 shows the triglyceride composition of SUS for oil A and USU for oil B.
[0048]
The obtained fat D was cooled and crystallized under the conditions of rapidly cooling from 60 ° C. to 40 ° C. per minute to 0 ° C., holding at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then holding at 20 ° C. for 1 week. When X-ray diffraction measurement was performed in the range of 0 to 25 °, it was confirmed that the triglyceride packing state was a two-chain structure and a stable β-type, and it was found that an intermolecular compound was formed. It was.
[0049]
Moreover, the fats and oils D were the maximum according to calculation, and had formed 61 weight% of intermolecular compounds which consist of SUS and USU.
[0050]
Example 3
As the fat and oil A, a palm middle oil was used, and as the fat and oil B, a random transesterified oil of palm soft part oil and acetone were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 3, and fractionated soft part oil obtained by fractionation at 5 ° C. was used.
[0051]
The oil C obtained by mixing 18 parts of the above fat A and 82 parts of the above oil B is used as a raw material oil, and the oil C and acetone are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 3, and the fractionated hard part oil obtained by fractionation at -3 ° C is purified. This was designated as oil D.
[0052]
Table 3 shows the triglyceride composition of the fats and oils A to D. In addition, Table 5 shows the triglyceride composition of SUS for oil A and USU for oil B.
[0053]
The obtained fat D was cooled and crystallized under the conditions of rapidly cooling from 60 ° C. to 40 ° C. per minute to 0 ° C., holding at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then holding at 20 ° C. for 1 week. When X-ray diffraction measurement was performed in the range of 0 to 25 °, it was confirmed that the triglyceride packing state was a two-chain structure and a stable β-type, and it was found that an intermolecular compound was formed. It was.
[0054]
Moreover, the fats and oils D were the maximum according to calculation, and formed 60 weight% of intermolecular compounds consisting of SUS and USU.
[0055]
[Comparative Example 1]
Mango fat fractionated hard part oil was used as the fat A, and monkey fat fraction soft part oil was used as the fat B.
[0056]
Fat C obtained by mixing 39 parts of the above fat A and 61 parts of the above fat B was used as a raw material oil, and the fractionated hard part oil obtained by fractionation in the same manner as in Example 1 was purified.
[0057]
Table 4 shows the triglyceride composition of the fats and oils A to D. In addition, Table 5 shows the triglyceride composition of SUS for oil A and USU for oil B.
[0058]
The obtained fat D was cooled and crystallized under the conditions of rapidly cooling from 60 ° C. to 40 ° C. per minute to 0 ° C., holding at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then holding at 20 ° C. for 1 week. When X-ray diffraction measurement is performed in the range of 0 to 25 °, the triglyceride packing state does not have a two-chain structure, and is a metastable β′-type and does not form an intermolecular compound. I understood.
[0059]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004900996
[0060]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004900996
[0061]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004900996
[0062]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004900996
[0063]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004900996
[0064]
【Effect of the invention】
The oil / fat composition of the present invention is an oil / fat composition that forms an intermolecular compound. Therefore, despite having a high melting point, the plasticity increases and the stable β-type crystals can be obtained without tempering. In combination.
[0065]
Moreover, the oil-and-fat composition of the present invention does not require a laborious process such as molecular distillation and can be easily produced.

Claims (3)

SUS(S:飽和脂肪酸、U:不飽和脂肪酸)で表されるトリグリセリドを20重量%以上、USU(S:飽和脂肪酸、U:不飽和脂肪酸)で表されるトリグリセリドを20重量%以上それぞれ含有し、かつ該SUSで表されるトリグリセリドと該USUで表されるトリグリセリドの重量比が1:0.5〜1.3である油脂組成物の製造方法において、SUSで表されるトリグリセリドを含有する油脂と、USUで表されるトリグリセリドを含有する油脂(ただしラードを除く)とを混合し、硬部油と軟部油に分別して硬部油として上記油脂組成物を得ることを特徴とする油脂組成物の製造方法。20% by weight or more of triglyceride represented by SUS (S: saturated fatty acid, U: unsaturated fatty acid) and 20% by weight or more of triglyceride represented by USU (S: saturated fatty acid, U: unsaturated fatty acid). In addition, in the method for producing an oil and fat composition in which the weight ratio of the triglyceride represented by SUS and the triglyceride represented by USU is 1: 0.5 to 1.3, the fat containing the triglyceride represented by SUS And a fat and oil containing triglyceride represented by USU (excluding lard), and separating into hard part oil and soft part oil to obtain the above oil composition as hard part oil Manufacturing method. 上記SUSで表されるトリグリセリドを含有する油脂が、SUSで表されるトリグリセリドを40重量%以上含有する請求項1記載の油脂組成物の製造方法。  The manufacturing method of the oil-and-fat composition of Claim 1 in which the fat and oil containing the triglyceride represented by the said SUS contains the triglyceride represented by SUS 40weight% or more. 上記USUで表されるトリグリセリドを含有する油脂が、USUで表されるトリグリセリドを4重量%以上含有する請求項1又は2記載の油脂組成物の製造方法。  The manufacturing method of the oil-fat composition of Claim 1 or 2 in which the fats and oils containing the triglyceride represented by said USU contain the triglyceride represented by USU 4weight% or more.
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