JP4873602B2 - Continuous feed reactor and method thereof - Google Patents

Continuous feed reactor and method thereof Download PDF

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JP4873602B2
JP4873602B2 JP2005101890A JP2005101890A JP4873602B2 JP 4873602 B2 JP4873602 B2 JP 4873602B2 JP 2005101890 A JP2005101890 A JP 2005101890A JP 2005101890 A JP2005101890 A JP 2005101890A JP 4873602 B2 JP4873602 B2 JP 4873602B2
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sulfuric acid
reactor
liquid content
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raw material
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JP2006281037A (en
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智基 早川
裕一 小野
健治 鈴木
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Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、反応器と、液分及び固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ反応器内へ連続供給するフィーダーとを備えた、連続供給型反応装置に関するものであり、特に木質バイオマスの加水分解反応に好適な反応装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a continuous supply type reaction apparatus provided with a reactor and a feeder that continuously feeds a raw material consisting of a liquid and a solid content into the reactor, and in particular, a hydrolysis reaction of woody biomass. The present invention relates to a reactor suitable for

固形物と水との混合物や、高濃度スラリー等、液分及び固形分からなる原料を反応器に連続的に供給する場合、一般に、一軸ネジ式ポンプやスクリューフィーダー、ピストンフィーダーなどの押し込み型フィーダーが使用される。特に、加圧下の反応器に対するフィーダーは、反応器内圧をシールしつつ原料を押し込むことが要求される。このような要求を満たすフィーダーとして、原料を供給通路内に通過させながら充填圧縮し、圧縮物によりその上流側と下流側とを遮断しつつ押し込む、いわゆるマテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダーや、ピストンフィーダーがある。以下、これらを総称してマテリアルシール型フィーダーという。   When continuously feeding raw materials consisting of liquid and solid content such as a mixture of solid and water, high-concentration slurry, etc. to the reactor, in general, push-type feeders such as single screw pumps, screw feeders, piston feeders, etc. used. In particular, the feeder for the reactor under pressure is required to push the raw material while sealing the reactor internal pressure. As a feeder that satisfies such requirements, there are so-called material seal type screw feeders and piston feeders that are filled and compressed while passing the raw material through the supply passage, and pushed in while blocking the upstream side and the downstream side with the compressed material. . Hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as a material seal type feeder.

しかし、これらのフィーダーのように原料の脱液を伴う場合(後述する木質バイオマスの加水分解プロセスの他にも、パルプ蒸解の供給機がある)、供給原料における含液率は多少なりとも変動する。そして、このような反応器における供給原料の含液率変動は反応に少なからず影響を与える。すなわち、原料中に反応物質や触媒が含まれる場合、含液率に応じてこれらの物質の量が増減し、反応収率に影響を及ぼすことになる。   However, when these feeds are accompanied by drainage of the raw material (there is a pulp digester in addition to the woody biomass hydrolysis process described later), the liquid content in the feedstock varies somewhat. . And the fluctuation | variation of the liquid content of the feedstock in such a reactor influences reaction not a little. That is, when a reaction material or a catalyst is contained in the raw material, the amount of these materials increases or decreases depending on the liquid content, which affects the reaction yield.

例えば、木質バイオマスを希硫酸触媒の存在下で加水分解することにより単糖を得るプロセスの場合、フィーダーにおける含液率の変動が目的物質の収率に多大な影響を及ぼすことが実証されている。より詳細に説明すると、木材チップ等の木質バイオマスを希硫酸触媒の存在下、水蒸気加圧中で反応させると、セルロース、ヘミセルロースなどの高分子状多糖類が加水分解し単糖が得られる。この反応を連続的に行う場合、希硫酸と木質バイオマスとの混合を確実に行うため、反応器に投入する以前に混合が行われることが一般的である。そして、この予め混合された原料を前述のスクリューフィーダー等の装置で反応器内に圧縮供給する場合に、含液率の変動が起こると、反応器中に供給される希硫酸の量が変動するため、目的物質である単糖の収率が変動してしまうのである。   For example, in the process of obtaining monosaccharides by hydrolyzing woody biomass in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid catalyst, it has been demonstrated that fluctuations in the liquid content in the feeder greatly affect the yield of the target substance. . More specifically, when woody biomass such as wood chips is reacted in the presence of a dilute sulfuric acid catalyst under steam pressure, a high-molecular polysaccharide such as cellulose or hemicellulose is hydrolyzed to obtain a monosaccharide. When this reaction is continuously performed, in order to surely mix the dilute sulfuric acid and the woody biomass, it is common that the mixing is performed before charging into the reactor. When the premixed raw material is compressed and fed into the reactor with the above-described device such as a screw feeder, when the liquid content changes, the amount of dilute sulfuric acid supplied into the reactor fluctuates. Therefore, the yield of the monosaccharide that is the target substance varies.

この収率変動の実験結果を図1に示した。木材からヘミセルロースを回収するプロセスにおいて温度、反応時間が一定の場合、単糖の収率が反応器中の硫酸濃度に依存することが判る。図2は、フィーダーにおける含液率と反応器中の硫酸濃度との関係を示している。図1及び図2から、フィーダーにおける含液率の変動幅は概ね20〜50%であり、この時のヘミセルロースからの単糖の収率は50〜90%で変動していることが判る。現状では含液率が最も低い(反応器中硫酸濃度が最も低い)時でも、所定の収率を満たすように過剰量の硫酸を予め混合している。
特表昭57−500091号公報 特開2004−89016号公報 特開2004−337099号公報
The experimental results of this yield fluctuation are shown in FIG. In the process of recovering hemicellulose from wood, when the temperature and reaction time are constant, it can be seen that the yield of monosaccharide depends on the sulfuric acid concentration in the reactor. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the liquid content in the feeder and the sulfuric acid concentration in the reactor. 1 and 2, it can be seen that the fluctuation range of the liquid content in the feeder is approximately 20 to 50%, and the yield of monosaccharides from hemicellulose at this time varies from 50 to 90%. At present, even when the liquid content is the lowest (the sulfuric acid concentration in the reactor is the lowest), an excessive amount of sulfuric acid is mixed in advance so as to satisfy a predetermined yield.
JP-T57-500091 JP 2004-89016 A JP 2004-337099 A

そこで、本発明の主たる課題は、供給原料の含液率変動による収率低下を抑制し、収率の安定を図ることにある。   Therefore, the main problem of the present invention is to suppress the yield reduction due to fluctuations in the liquid content of the feedstock and to stabilize the yield.

上記課題を解決した本発明は次記のとおりである。
<請求項1記載の発明>
反応を行う反応器と、液分及び木質バイオマスを含む固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ前記反応器内へ連続供給するフィーダーとを備えた、連続供給型反応装置であって、
反応器及びその上流側の範囲を含む系内に、添加液として硫酸を添加する添加手段と、
前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率と硫酸濃度とに相関がみられる場合において、前記含液率の変動に応じて、前記添加手段による添加量を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記反応器内では木質バイオマスの加水分解反応を行い、
前記フィーダーは、通路と、通路内に回動自在に設置されたスクリューと、このスクリューを回転駆動する電動機とを備えたマテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダーであり、
前記制御手段は、前記スクリュー軸のトルクまたは前記電動機の電流を検出する検出器を備えており、
予め求められた前記検出器による検出値と含液率の相関により、この検出値から含液率を算出し、予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、前記硫酸量又は硫酸濃度に応じて前記添加手段による添加硫酸量を制御するものである、
ことを特徴とする連続供給型反応装置。
The present invention that has solved the above problems is as follows.
<Invention of Claim 1>
A continuous supply type reaction apparatus comprising: a reactor that performs a reaction; and a feeder that continuously supplies a raw material composed of a solid content including liquid and woody biomass into the reactor while dewatering.
An addition means for adding sulfuric acid as an addition liquid into the system including the reactor and the upstream range; and
A control means for controlling the amount of addition by the addition means according to fluctuations in the liquid content when there is a correlation between the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor and the sulfuric acid concentration ;
In the reactor, hydrolysis reaction of woody biomass is performed,
The feeder is a material seal type screw feeder including a passage, a screw rotatably installed in the passage, and an electric motor that rotationally drives the screw.
The control means includes a detector for detecting the torque of the screw shaft or the electric current of the electric motor,
The liquid content is calculated from the detected value by the correlation between the detection value obtained by the detector and the liquid content obtained in advance, and the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid in the feedstock is calculated from the correlation between the liquid content and the sulfuric acid concentration obtained in advance. The concentration is calculated and the amount of sulfuric acid added by the adding means is controlled according to the amount of sulfuric acid or the concentration of sulfuric acid .
A continuous feed reactor characterized by the above.

(作用効果)
反応器に供給される原料の含液率変動に応じて、反応物質や触媒を含む添加液の添加量を制御する。したがって、供給原料の含液率変動が反応に及ぼす影響を打ち消すことができ、収率の安定化を図ることができる。
反応器が加圧下で反応を行うものの場合、フィーダーは脱液口を有するマテリアルシール型フィーダーが好適に用いられるが、このようなフィーダーは脱液を不可避的に伴う。したがって、本発明はこのような場合に好適である。
マテリアルシール型フィーダーとしては、電動機を駆動源とするスクリューフィーダーが好適である。このようなスクリューフィーダーでは、原料の圧密化による脱液率と、スクリュー軸のトルクまたは電動機の電流とは相関関係を有し、フィーダーにおける脱液率と反応器に供給される原料の含液率とは相関関係を有する。つまり、スクリュー軸のトルクまたは電動機の電流と含液率とは相関関係を有する(図8の実験結果参照)。したがって、マテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダーを用いる場合、スクリュー軸のトルクまたは電動機の電流を検出し、その結果に応じて添加量制御を行うのは一つの好ましい形態である。
本発明の反応装置において、マテリアルシール型フィーダーを用い、木質バイオマスを含む原料を希硫酸の存在下で加水分解する場合、フィーダーの脱液の影響で収率が変動することが実証されている。したがって、本発明はこのような場合に好適であり、過剰に硫酸を使用することなく所望の収率を安定的に得ることができるようになる。
(Function and effect)
The addition amount of the additive liquid containing the reactants and the catalyst is controlled according to the fluctuation of the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor. Therefore, it is possible to cancel the influence of the fluctuation of the liquid content of the feedstock on the reaction and to stabilize the yield.
In the case where the reactor performs the reaction under pressure, a material seal type feeder having a liquid removal port is preferably used as the feeder, but such a feeder inevitably involves liquid removal. Therefore, the present invention is suitable for such a case.
As the material seal type feeder, a screw feeder using an electric motor as a drive source is suitable. In such a screw feeder, there is a correlation between the liquid removal rate due to the consolidation of the raw material and the torque of the screw shaft or the electric current of the motor, and the liquid discharge rate in the feeder and the liquid content rate of the raw material supplied to the reactor. And have a correlation. That is, there is a correlation between the torque of the screw shaft or the electric current of the motor and the liquid content (see the experimental results in FIG. 8). Therefore, when using a material seal type screw feeder, it is one preferable form to detect the torque of a screw shaft or the electric current of an electric motor, and to perform addition amount control according to the result.
In the reaction apparatus of the present invention, when a material seal type feeder is used and a raw material containing woody biomass is hydrolyzed in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid, it has been demonstrated that the yield fluctuates due to the effect of liquid removal from the feeder. Therefore, the present invention is suitable in such a case, and a desired yield can be stably obtained without using an excessive amount of sulfuric acid.

<請求項2記載の発明>
反応を行う反応器と、液分及び木質バイオマスを含む固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ前記反応器内へ連続供給するフィーダーとを備えた、連続供給型反応装置であって、
反応器及びその上流側の範囲を含む系内に、添加液として硫酸を添加する添加手段と、
前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率と硫酸濃度とに相関がみられる場合において、前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率の変動に応じて、前記添加手段による添加量を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記反応器内では木質バイオマスの加水分解反応を行い、
前記フィーダーは、管路と、管路内を往復運動するピストンとを備えた油圧動作式のマテリアルシール型ピストンフィーダーであり、
前記制御手段は、前記ピストンの油圧を検出する検出器を備えており、
予め求められた前記検出器による検出値と含液率の相関により、この検出値から含液率を算出し、次いで予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、前記硫酸量又は硫酸濃度に応じて前記添加手段による添加硫酸量を制御するものである、
ことを特徴とする連続供給型反応装置。
<Invention of Claim 2>
A continuous supply type reaction apparatus comprising: a reactor that performs a reaction; and a feeder that continuously supplies a raw material composed of a solid content including liquid and woody biomass into the reactor while dewatering.
An addition means for adding sulfuric acid as an addition liquid into the system including the reactor and the upstream range; and
When there is a correlation between the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor and the sulfuric acid concentration, the amount added by the adding means is controlled according to the fluctuation of the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor. Control means for
In the reactor, hydrolysis reaction of woody biomass is performed,
The feeder is a hydraulically operated material seal type piston feeder comprising a pipe line and a piston that reciprocates in the pipe line,
The control means includes a detector that detects the hydraulic pressure of the piston,
Based on the correlation between the detection value obtained by the detector and the liquid content obtained in advance, the liquid content is calculated from the detected value, and then the amount of sulfuric acid in the input raw material or The sulfuric acid concentration is calculated, and the amount of sulfuric acid added by the adding means is controlled according to the sulfuric acid amount or the sulfuric acid concentration .
A continuous feed reactor characterized by the above.

<請求項3記載の発明>
前記制御手段は、予め求められた前記検出器による検出値と含液率との相関から反応器投入原料中の含液率を算出し、次いで予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、加水分解反応に必要な硫酸量または硫酸濃度から算出された硫酸量または硫酸濃度を減じて希硫酸の添加必要量を算出する演算装置を備え、
前記添加手段より、前記反応器に前記添加必要量の硫酸を供給するように構成された、ことを特徴とする
請求項1または2に記載の連続供給型反応装置。
<Invention of Claim 3>
Wherein the control means, the detection value and to calculate the liquid content of the reactor is turned in the raw materials from the correlation between the liquid content, then previously obtained liquid content and correlation of the sulfuric acid concentration by previously obtained the detector It is equipped with an arithmetic unit that calculates the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid concentration in the input material and calculates the amount of dilute sulfuric acid added by subtracting the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid calculated from the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid necessary for the hydrolysis reaction,
The continuous supply type reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the addition means supplies the required amount of sulfuric acid to the reactor.

<請求項4記載の発明>
前記添加手段は、前記フィーダー及びその上流側の範囲で一段目の添加を行い、前記反応器内で二段目の添加を行う二段階添加手段であり、このうち少なくとも一方の添加量を前記制御手段により制御するように構成した、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の連続供給型反応装置。
<Invention of Claim 4>
The addition means is a two-stage addition means for performing the first-stage addition in the range of the feeder and its upstream side, and performing the second-stage addition in the reactor, and at least one of the addition amounts is controlled as described above The continuous supply reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the continuous supply reactor is configured to be controlled by means.

(作用効果)
添加手段による添加位置は、反応器内、反応器よりも上流側、またはその両方とすることができ、このうちいずれか一方または両方の添加位置における添加量を制御することができる。反応器よりも上流側で添加液を添加するとともに上記添加制御を行う場合、フィードバック制御となる。この場合、規則的または緩やかな変動に対しては効果的である。一方、反応器内で添加液を添加するとともに上記添加制御を行う場合、フィードフォワード制御となる。この場合、変動の規則性や緩急に関係無く効果的に作用する。なお、添加位置は反応器内、反応器上流側に各1箇所以上あればよく、たとえば反応器内の複数箇所設置してもよい。
(Function and effect)
The addition position by the addition means can be in the reactor, upstream from the reactor, or both, and the addition amount at one or both of the addition positions can be controlled. When the addition liquid is added upstream of the reactor and the above addition control is performed, feedback control is performed. In this case, it is effective for regular or moderate fluctuations. On the other hand, when the addition liquid is added in the reactor and the above addition control is performed, the feedforward control is performed. In this case, it works effectively regardless of the regularity of fluctuation and the speed. The addition position may be one or more in the reactor and upstream of the reactor. For example, a plurality of addition positions may be installed in the reactor.

<請求項5記載の発明>
前記反応器は加圧下で反応を行うものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の連続供給型反応装置。
<Invention of Claim 5>
The continuous supply type reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reactor performs the reaction under pressure.

<請求項6記載の発明>
液分及び木質バイオマスを含む固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ反応器内へ連続供給する連続供給型反応方法であって、
前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率と硫酸濃度とに相関がみられる場合において、反応器及びその上流側の範囲を含む系内に、硫酸を添加液として添加するとともに、その添加量を、前記含液率に応じて制御し、
前記原料は、通路と、通路内に回動自在に設置されたスクリューと、このスクリューを回転駆動する電動機とを備えたマテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダーにより反応器内に供給され、
前記スクリュー軸のトルクまたは前記電動機の電流を検出し、
予め求められた前記スクリュー軸のトルクまたは前記電動機の電流と含液率との相関により、この検出値から含液率を算出し、次いで予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、前記硫酸量又は硫酸濃度に応じて添加硫酸量を制御する、
ことを特徴とする連続供給型反応方法。
<Invention of Claim 6>
A continuous supply type reaction method for continuously supplying a raw material comprising a solid content including a liquid content and woody biomass into a reactor while dewatering,
In the case where there is a correlation between the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor and the sulfuric acid concentration , sulfuric acid is added as an additive to the system including the reactor and the upstream range, and the amount added Is controlled according to the liquid content,
The raw material is supplied into the reactor by a material seal type screw feeder including a passage, a screw rotatably installed in the passage, and an electric motor that rotationally drives the screw.
Detecting the torque of the screw shaft or the current of the motor;
The liquid content is calculated from this detected value by the correlation between the torque of the screw shaft determined in advance or the current of the motor and the liquid content, and then the input raw material is calculated from the correlation between the liquid content and the sulfuric acid concentration determined in advance. Calculate the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid concentration in the medium, and control the amount of sulfuric acid added according to the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid concentration .
A continuous feed type reaction method.

(作用効果)
請求項1記載の発明と同様の作用効果が奏せられる。
(Function and effect)
The same effect as that of the first aspect of the invention can be achieved.

<請求項7記載の発明>
液分及び木質バイオマスを含む固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ反応器内へ連続供給する連続供給型反応方法であって、
前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率と硫酸濃度とに相関がみられる場合において、反応器及びその上流側の範囲を含む系内に、硫酸を添加液として添加するとともに、その添加量を、前記含液率に応じて制御し、
前記原料は、管路と、管路内を往復運動するピストンとを備えた油圧動作式のマテリアルシール型ピストンフィーダーにより反応器内に供給され、
前記ピストンの油圧を検出し、
予め求められた前記ピストンの油圧と含液率との相関により、この検出値から含液率を算出し、次いで予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、前記硫酸量又は硫酸濃度に応じて添加硫酸量を制御する、
ことを特徴とする連続供給型反応方法。
<Invention of Claim 7>
A continuous supply type reaction method for continuously supplying a raw material comprising a solid content including a liquid content and woody biomass into a reactor while dewatering,
In the case where there is a correlation between the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor and the sulfuric acid concentration , sulfuric acid is added as an additive to the system including the reactor and the upstream range, and the amount added Is controlled according to the liquid content,
The raw material is supplied into the reactor by a hydraulically operated material seal type piston feeder including a pipe line and a piston that reciprocates in the pipe line.
Detecting the hydraulic pressure of the piston,
The liquid content is calculated from the detected value based on the correlation between the hydraulic pressure of the piston and the liquid content determined in advance, and then the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid in the input material is calculated from the correlation between the liquid content and the sulfuric acid concentration determined in advance. Calculate the concentration and control the amount of sulfuric acid added according to the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid concentration ,
A continuous feed type reaction method.

(作用効果)
請求項2記載の発明と同様の作用効果が奏せられる。
(Function and effect)
The same effects as those of the second aspect of the invention can be achieved.

以上のとおり本発明では、供給原料の含液率変動による収率低下を抑制し、収率の安定を図ることができるようになる。   As described above, in the present invention, it is possible to suppress a decrease in yield due to fluctuations in the liquid content of the feedstock and to stabilize the yield.

以下、本発明の一実施形態について添付図面を参照しながら詳説する。
図3は、例えば、バガス、籾殻、稲藁、ウッドチップ(廃建材含む)等の木質系バイオマスからなる固形分を希硫酸触媒により加水分解し、グルコース、キシロース、アラビノース、ガラクトース、マンノース等の糖類を生成する糖化反応装置例を示している。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 3 shows, for example, the hydrolysis of a solid content composed of woody biomass such as bagasse, rice husk, rice straw, and wood chips (including waste building materials) with a dilute sulfuric acid catalyst, and sugars such as glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose. The example of the saccharification reaction apparatus which produces | generates is shown.

この装置では、固形分は反応器5への供給に先立って予め希硫酸と混合され、固形分中に希硫酸が含浸されて反応器供給原料となる。これは、木質系バイオマス固形分と硫酸とを反応器5に直接入れるだけであると、硫酸が固形分の内部まで確実に浸透せず、収率が伸びないためである。もちろん、固形分の微細化や、反応器5の大型化等により混合性を向上させることもでき、この場合、予め硫酸を混合しなくても良い。   In this apparatus, the solid content is mixed with dilute sulfuric acid in advance prior to supply to the reactor 5, and the solid content is impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid to form a reactor feed. This is because if the woody biomass solid content and sulfuric acid are simply put directly into the reactor 5, the sulfuric acid does not penetrate into the solid content reliably and the yield does not increase. Of course, the mixing property can be improved by reducing the solid content, increasing the size of the reactor 5, and the like, and in this case, the sulfuric acid need not be mixed in advance.

この混合方法としては、図3に示すように、固形分と過剰量の希硫酸とを撹拌槽1に投入して混合した後、ベルトフィルター等のろ過装置2により液分を除去する方法の他、図4に示すように、固形分を混練機3に投入し、混練機3内に散布供給される適量の硫酸と混練する方法を採用することができる。   As shown in FIG. 3, the mixing method includes a method in which a solid content and an excessive amount of dilute sulfuric acid are mixed in an agitation tank 1 and then the liquid content is removed by a filtration device 2 such as a belt filter. As shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to employ a method in which the solid content is charged into the kneader 3 and kneaded with an appropriate amount of sulfuric acid sprayed and fed into the kneader 3.

原料中の硫酸の量(濃度)は、反応器5内で必要とされる硫酸量(濃度)から逆算により決定することができる。この硫酸量は、後述するフィーダー4の脱液に起因する原料の含液率変動に対して必要最低量が確保されれば良く、例えば、予め試験等により原料の最大含液率(すなわち、反応器に供給される硫酸量が最も多くなるとき)を調べておき、この最大含液率時に反応器5中の硫酸量が加水分解に必要な量(濃度)に達するように定めることができる。   The amount (concentration) of sulfuric acid in the raw material can be determined by back calculation from the amount (concentration) of sulfuric acid required in the reactor 5. The amount of sulfuric acid only needs to be a minimum necessary amount with respect to fluctuations in the liquid content of the raw material due to the liquid removal from the feeder 4 to be described later. For example, the maximum liquid content of the raw material (that is, reaction And the amount of sulfuric acid in the reactor 5 can be determined to reach the amount (concentration) required for hydrolysis at this maximum liquid content.

次に、液分及び固形分を含有する原料はフィーダー4に供給され、フィーダー4により脱液されつつ反応器5内に連続供給される。本発明のフィーダーとしては、脱液を伴う連続供給型のものであれば特に限定されるものではないが、本実施形態の反応では反応器5内を加圧下に保持するため、図5に示すマテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダーや、図6に示すマテリアルシール型ピストンフィーダーが好適である。   Next, the raw material containing the liquid content and the solid content is supplied to the feeder 4, and continuously supplied into the reactor 5 while being dehydrated by the feeder 4. The feeder of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is of a continuous supply type with liquid removal, but in the reaction of the present embodiment, the inside of the reactor 5 is kept under pressure, and is shown in FIG. A material seal type screw feeder and the material seal type piston feeder shown in FIG. 6 are suitable.

図5に示すマテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダー4は、周壁に脱液口116を有する管路111と、この管路111内に備えられたスクリュー(スクリュー軸113およびその外周面に螺旋方向に沿って設けられたスクリュー羽根114とからなる)とから主に構成されるものである。スクリューは管路111の先端口部117と他端側に設置された軸受(図示せず)によって支持されている。供給口112から管路111内の通路に供給された原料Pは、スクリュー軸113を中心に回転するスクリュー羽根114によって先端口部117に送られ、反応器5内に供給される。スクリュー羽根114のリード(スクリュー軸113の周りを一周したときに、軸方向に進む距離。)は、基端側から先端口部117に向かって、徐々に、若しくは段階的に短くされるか、又は、基端側から先端側に向かってスクリュー羽根114の径が徐々に若しくは段階的に小さくなっており、又は、これらの複合形態として、基端側から先端側に向かってリードが徐々に若しくは段階的に短く、かつ羽根の径が徐々に若しくは段階的に小さくなっている。したがって、原料Pは、先端側に向かうにしたがって、徐々に、又は段階的に高密度化され、脱液されることになる。この高密度化された原料Pは、封止材(シール材)として機能するため、反応器5内の方が管路111内より高圧であっても、原料Pが逆流することがなく、反応器5の内圧は保たれる。また搾り出された液は脱液口116から排出される。脱液口116は、管路111の壁面に孔やスリットを設ける他、壁面を網体により形成することで設けることができる。この液分は、フィーダー4よりも上流側、例えば撹拌槽1または混練機3に返送し、新規に追加される希硫酸とともに使用することができる。   The material seal type screw feeder 4 shown in FIG. 5 includes a pipe 111 having a drainage port 116 on a peripheral wall, and a screw (screw shaft 113 and an outer peripheral surface thereof provided in a spiral direction on the pipe 111. The screw blades 114). The screw is supported by a front end 117 of the pipe 111 and a bearing (not shown) installed on the other end side. The raw material P supplied from the supply port 112 to the passage in the pipe line 111 is sent to the front end port portion 117 by the screw blade 114 that rotates about the screw shaft 113 and is supplied into the reactor 5. The lead of the screw blade 114 (the distance traveled in the axial direction when making a round around the screw shaft 113) is gradually or stepwise shortened from the proximal end toward the distal end opening 117, or The diameter of the screw blade 114 gradually decreases or gradually decreases from the proximal end side toward the distal end side, or, as a composite form thereof, the lead gradually increases or decreases from the proximal end side toward the distal end side. And the blade diameter is gradually or gradually decreasing. Therefore, the raw material P is densified and drained gradually or step by step toward the tip side. Since the densified raw material P functions as a sealing material (sealing material), even if the pressure in the reactor 5 is higher than that in the pipe 111, the raw material P does not flow back and reacts. The internal pressure of the vessel 5 is maintained. Further, the squeezed liquid is discharged from the liquid discharge port 116. The liquid removal port 116 can be provided by forming holes and slits on the wall surface of the pipe 111 and forming the wall surface with a net. This liquid component can be returned to the upstream side of the feeder 4, for example, the stirring tank 1 or the kneading machine 3, and used with dilute sulfuric acid newly added.

一方、図6に示すマテリアルシール型ピストンフィーダー4は、周壁に脱液口126を有する管路121と、この管路121内を往復運動するピストン部材(ピストン123及びその外周面と管路121内面との隙間をシールする封止材124からなる)とから主に構成されている。供給口122から管路121内に供給された原料Pは、ピストン123によって先端側に押され、反応器5内に供給される。この際、押し出される原料Pは圧搾され、脱液される。よって、この場合にも、高密度化された原料Pによるシール作用によって反応器5の内圧は保たれる。また、搾り出された液は脱液口126から排出される。この液分は、フィーダー4よりも上流側、例えば撹拌槽1または混練機3に返送し、新規に追加される希硫酸とともに使用することができる。   On the other hand, the material seal type piston feeder 4 shown in FIG. 6 includes a pipe 121 having a drain outlet 126 on the peripheral wall, and a piston member that reciprocates in the pipe 121 (the piston 123 and its outer peripheral surface and the inner surface of the pipe 121. It is mainly composed of a sealing material 124 that seals the gap between the The raw material P supplied from the supply port 122 into the pipe 121 is pushed to the front end side by the piston 123 and supplied into the reactor 5. At this time, the extruded raw material P is squeezed and drained. Therefore, also in this case, the internal pressure of the reactor 5 is maintained by the sealing action by the densified raw material P. Further, the squeezed liquid is discharged from the liquid removal port 126. This liquid component can be returned to the upstream side of the feeder 4, for example, the stirring tank 1 or the kneading machine 3, and used with dilute sulfuric acid newly added.

反応器5内には、蒸気が供給され反応温度が維持されるとともに、希硫酸が供給されるようになっている。この希硫酸の供給は、図示形態のように予め希硫酸を混合する形態では補給となる。また、反応器5内には、スクリューコンベア等の搬送装置5Mが設けられており、原料は搬送過程において所定時間反応器5内に保持され、加水分解が進行し糖類が生成された後、反応物として排出される。   Steam is supplied into the reactor 5 to maintain the reaction temperature, and dilute sulfuric acid is supplied. The supply of dilute sulfuric acid is replenishment in a form in which dilute sulfuric acid is mixed in advance as shown in the figure. The reactor 5 is provided with a conveying device 5M such as a screw conveyor. The raw material is held in the reactor 5 for a predetermined time in the conveying process, and after hydrolysis proceeds to generate saccharides, the reaction is performed. It is discharged as a thing.

そして、このような反応装置において、反応器5に供給される原料の含液率変動に応じて硫酸の添加量を制御するための制御手段が設けられている。具体的には、フィーダー4の駆動源が発揮する力を検出する検出器、例えばスクリューフィーダーの場合は、電動機4Mの電流を検出する検出器4d(またはスクリュー軸のトルクを検出するトルク計も同様)、油圧動作式のピストンポンプの場合には油圧を検出する検出器が設けられる。これらの検出器4dは、フィーダー4における脱液率と相関関係があり、したがってフィーダー4により脱液された原料の含液率と相関関係がある。よって、これを検出することにより、反応器5に供給される原料の含液率を把握することが可能である。   In such a reaction apparatus, a control means is provided for controlling the amount of sulfuric acid added in accordance with fluctuations in the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor 5. Specifically, in the case of a detector that detects the force exerted by the drive source of the feeder 4, for example, a screw feeder, the detector 4d that detects the current of the electric motor 4M (or the torque meter that detects the torque of the screw shaft) is also the same. In the case of a hydraulically operated piston pump, a detector for detecting the hydraulic pressure is provided. These detectors 4 d have a correlation with the liquid removal rate in the feeder 4, and thus have a correlation with the liquid content of the raw material drained by the feeder 4. Therefore, it is possible to grasp the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor 5 by detecting this.

また別の形態として、脱液口116,126からの排出液を用いて脱液量を流量計や重量測定などで直接実測し、反応器5に供給される原料の含液率を把握することも可能である。   As another form, the drainage from the drainage ports 116 and 126 is directly measured with a flow meter, weight measurement, etc., and the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor 5 is grasped. Is also possible.

そして、本発明では、この検出結果に応じて反応器5における硫酸補給量が制御されるようになっている。もちろん、これに代えて或いはこれとともに、フィーダー4の上流側における硫酸供給量を制御することもできるが、本発明は反応器5内の物質量の変動を打ち消す狙いから、制御の遅れが出ないように、少なくとも反応器5への硫酸供給量を制御することが望ましい。具体的には、コンピュータ等の演算制御装置6により、検出器4dによる検出値と含液率との相関から反応器投入原料の硫酸含液量(濃度)を算出し、この結果を加水分解反応に必要な硫酸量(濃度)から差して不足量を算出し、この不足分を反応器5等において例えば硫酸供給バルブ7の開度制御により供給するようにする。これにより、フィーダー4の脱液率変動に伴う反応器5内の硫酸濃度変動が抑えられ、目標物質である糖の収量の変動も抑制される。   In the present invention, the sulfuric acid replenishment amount in the reactor 5 is controlled according to the detection result. Of course, instead of this, or together with this, the sulfuric acid supply amount upstream of the feeder 4 can also be controlled. However, the present invention does not cause a delay in control because it aims to cancel the fluctuation of the amount of substance in the reactor 5. Thus, it is desirable to control at least the amount of sulfuric acid supplied to the reactor 5. Specifically, the sulfuric acid liquid content (concentration) of the raw material charged into the reactor is calculated from the correlation between the detected value by the detector 4d and the liquid content by the arithmetic control device 6 such as a computer, and the result is subjected to the hydrolysis reaction. The deficiency is calculated by subtracting it from the sulfuric acid amount (concentration) necessary for this, and this deficiency is supplied in the reactor 5 or the like by, for example, opening control of the sulfuric acid supply valve 7. Thereby, the sulfuric acid concentration fluctuation | variation in the reactor 5 accompanying the liquid removal rate fluctuation | variation of the feeder 4 is suppressed, and the fluctuation | variation of the yield of the sugar which is a target substance is also suppressed.

図7は、図3に示す反応装置を用い、廃建材からヘミセルロースを生成するにあたり、反応器投入原料の含液率変動に応じて反応器への希硫酸添加制御を行った場合、ならびに行わなかった場合における収率を計測した結果を示している。その他の条件は共通である。本発明制御を行った場合では、収率が約80%以上に集中しているのに対して、本発明制御を行わなかった場合では、上は80%を超えるものもあるが、多くは80%未満であり、中には60%を下回るものもあった。この結果から、本発明の添加制御によって安定して高収率を得られることが判明した。   FIG. 7 shows the case where dilute sulfuric acid addition control to the reactor is performed according to the liquid content fluctuation of the reactor input raw material when producing hemicellulose from waste building materials using the reactor shown in FIG. It shows the result of measuring the yield in the case of. Other conditions are common. In the case where the present invention control is performed, the yield is concentrated to about 80% or more, whereas in the case where the present invention control is not performed, there are some cases in which the above exceeds 80%, but most of them are 80%. %, And some were below 60%. From this result, it was found that the high yield can be stably obtained by the addition control of the present invention.

本発明は、木質系バイオマスの糖化に好適であるが、これに限られず反応器への原料の連続供給に際して脱液を伴う場合であれば、他の反応用途にも適用できるものである。   The present invention is suitable for saccharification of woody biomass. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to other reaction uses as long as liquid removal is involved in the continuous supply of raw materials to the reactor.

収率変動の実験結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a yield fluctuation. 含液率と反応器中の硫酸濃度との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between a liquid content and the sulfuric acid concentration in a reactor. 本発明の装置例を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the example of an apparatus of this invention. 本発明の別の装置例を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows another example of an apparatus of this invention. マテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダー図である。It is a material seal type screw feeder figure. マテリアルシール型ピストンフィーダー図である。It is a material seal type piston feeder figure. 本発明の制御の有無による収率の違いを示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the difference in the yield by the presence or absence of control of this invention. スクリューフィーダーのトルクと反応器供給原料の含液率との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the torque of a screw feeder, and the liquid content of a reactor feedstock.

1…撹拌槽、2…ろ過装置、3…混練機、4…フィーダー、4M…電動機、5…反応器、6…演算制御装置、7…硫酸供給バルブ。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stirrer tank, 2 ... Filtration apparatus, 3 ... Kneading machine, 4 ... Feeder, 4M ... Electric motor, 5 ... Reactor, 6 ... Calculation control apparatus, 7 ... Sulfuric acid supply valve.

Claims (7)

反応を行う反応器と、液分及び木質バイオマスを含む固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ前記反応器内へ連続供給するフィーダーとを備えた、連続供給型反応装置であって、
反応器及びその上流側の範囲を含む系内に、添加液として硫酸を添加する添加手段と、
前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率と硫酸濃度とに相関がみられる場合において、前記含液率の変動に応じて、前記添加手段による添加量を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記反応器内では木質バイオマスの加水分解反応を行い、
前記フィーダーは、通路と、通路内に回動自在に設置されたスクリューと、このスクリューを回転駆動する電動機とを備えたマテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダーであり、
前記制御手段は、前記スクリュー軸のトルクまたは前記電動機の電流を検出する検出器を備えており、
予め求められた前記検出器による検出値と含液率の相関により、この検出値から含液率を算出し、予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、前記硫酸量又は硫酸濃度に応じて前記添加手段による添加硫酸量を制御するものである、
ことを特徴とする連続供給型反応装置。
A continuous supply type reaction apparatus comprising: a reactor that performs a reaction; and a feeder that continuously supplies a raw material composed of a solid content including liquid and woody biomass into the reactor while dewatering.
An addition means for adding sulfuric acid as an addition liquid into the system including the reactor and the upstream range; and
A control means for controlling the amount of addition by the addition means according to fluctuations in the liquid content when there is a correlation between the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor and the sulfuric acid concentration ;
In the reactor, hydrolysis reaction of woody biomass is performed,
The feeder is a material seal type screw feeder including a passage, a screw rotatably installed in the passage, and an electric motor that rotationally drives the screw.
The control means includes a detector for detecting the torque of the screw shaft or the electric current of the electric motor,
The liquid content is calculated from the detected value by the correlation between the detection value obtained by the detector and the liquid content obtained in advance. The concentration is calculated and the amount of sulfuric acid added by the adding means is controlled according to the amount of sulfuric acid or the concentration of sulfuric acid .
A continuous feed reactor characterized by the above.
反応を行う反応器と、液分及び木質バイオマスを含む固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ前記反応器内へ連続供給するフィーダーとを備えた、連続供給型反応装置であって、
反応器及びその上流側の範囲を含む系内に、添加液として硫酸を添加する添加手段と、
前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率と硫酸濃度とに相関がみられる場合において、前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率の変動に応じて、前記添加手段による添加量を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記反応器内では木質バイオマスの加水分解反応を行い、
前記フィーダーは、管路と、管路内を往復運動するピストンとを備えた油圧動作式のマテリアルシール型ピストンフィーダーであり、
前記制御手段は、前記ピストンの油圧を検出する検出器を備えており、
予め求められた前記検出器による検出値と含液率の相関により、この検出値から含液率を算出し、次いで予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、前記硫酸量又は硫酸濃度に応じて前記添加手段による添加硫酸量を制御するものである、
ことを特徴とする連続供給型反応装置。
A continuous supply type reaction apparatus comprising: a reactor that performs a reaction; and a feeder that continuously supplies a raw material composed of a solid content including liquid and woody biomass into the reactor while dewatering.
An addition means for adding sulfuric acid as an addition liquid into the system including the reactor and the upstream range; and
When there is a correlation between the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor and the sulfuric acid concentration, the amount added by the adding means is controlled according to the fluctuation of the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor. Control means for
In the reactor, hydrolysis reaction of woody biomass is performed,
The feeder is a hydraulically operated material seal type piston feeder comprising a pipe line and a piston that reciprocates in the pipe line,
The control means includes a detector that detects the hydraulic pressure of the piston,
Based on the correlation between the detection value obtained by the detector and the liquid content obtained in advance, the liquid content is calculated from the detected value, and then the amount of sulfuric acid in the input raw material or The sulfuric acid concentration is calculated, and the amount of sulfuric acid added by the adding means is controlled according to the sulfuric acid amount or the sulfuric acid concentration .
A continuous feed reactor characterized by the above.
前記制御手段は、予め求められた前記検出器による検出値と含液率との相関から反応器投入原料中の含液率を算出し、次いで予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、加水分解反応に必要な硫酸量または硫酸濃度から算出された硫酸量または硫酸濃度を減じて希硫酸の添加必要量を算出する演算装置を備え、
前記添加手段より、前記反応器に前記添加必要量の硫酸を供給するように構成された、ことを特徴とする
請求項1または2に記載の連続供給型反応装置。
Wherein the control means, the detection value and to calculate the liquid content of the reactor is turned in the raw materials from the correlation between the liquid content, then previously obtained liquid content and correlation of the sulfuric acid concentration by previously obtained the detector It is equipped with an arithmetic unit that calculates the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid concentration in the input material and calculates the amount of dilute sulfuric acid added by subtracting the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid calculated from the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid necessary for the hydrolysis reaction,
The continuous supply type reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the addition means supplies the required amount of sulfuric acid to the reactor.
前記添加手段は、前記フィーダー及びその上流側の範囲で一段目の添加を行い、前記反応器内で二段目の添加を行う二段階添加手段であり、このうち少なくとも一方の添加量を前記制御手段により制御するように構成した、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の連続供給型反応装置。   The addition means is a two-stage addition means for performing the first-stage addition in the range of the feeder and its upstream side, and performing the second-stage addition in the reactor, and at least one of the addition amounts is controlled as described above The continuous supply reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the continuous supply reactor is configured to be controlled by means. 前記反応器は加圧下で反応を行うものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の連続供給型反応装置。   The continuous supply type reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reactor performs the reaction under pressure. 液分及び木質バイオマスを含む固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ反応器内へ連続供給する連続供給型反応方法であって、
前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率と硫酸濃度とに相関がみられる場合において、反応器及びその上流側の範囲を含む系内に、硫酸を添加液として添加するとともに、その添加量を、前記含液率に応じて制御し、
前記原料は、通路と、通路内に回動自在に設置されたスクリューと、このスクリューを回転駆動する電動機とを備えたマテリアルシール型スクリューフィーダーにより反応器内に供給され、
前記スクリュー軸のトルクまたは前記電動機の電流を検出し、
予め求められた前記スクリュー軸のトルクまたは前記電動機の電流と含液率との相関により、この検出値から含液率を算出し、次いで予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、前記硫酸量又は硫酸濃度に応じて添加硫酸量を制御する、
ことを特徴とする連続供給型反応方法。
A continuous supply type reaction method for continuously supplying a raw material comprising a solid content including a liquid content and woody biomass into a reactor while dewatering,
In the case where there is a correlation between the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor and the sulfuric acid concentration , sulfuric acid is added as an additive to the system including the reactor and the upstream range, and the amount added Is controlled according to the liquid content,
The raw material is supplied into the reactor by a material seal type screw feeder including a passage, a screw rotatably installed in the passage, and an electric motor that rotationally drives the screw.
Detecting the torque of the screw shaft or the current of the motor;
The liquid content is calculated from this detected value by the correlation between the torque of the screw shaft determined in advance or the current of the motor and the liquid content, and then the input raw material is calculated from the correlation between the liquid content and the sulfuric acid concentration determined in advance. Calculate the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid concentration in the medium, and control the amount of sulfuric acid added according to the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid concentration .
A continuous feed type reaction method.
液分及び木質バイオマスを含む固形分からなる原料を脱液しつつ反応器内へ連続供給する連続供給型反応方法であって、
前記反応器に供給される原料の含液率と硫酸濃度とに相関がみられる場合において、反応器及びその上流側の範囲を含む系内に、硫酸を添加液として添加するとともに、その添加量を、前記含液率に応じて制御し、
前記原料は、管路と、管路内を往復運動するピストンとを備えた油圧動作式のマテリアルシール型ピストンフィーダーにより反応器内に供給され、
前記ピストンの油圧を検出し、
予め求められた前記ピストンの油圧と含液率との相関により、この検出値から含液率を算出し、次いで予め求められた含液率と硫酸濃度の相関から投入原料中の硫酸量または硫酸濃度を算出し、前記硫酸量又は硫酸濃度に応じて添加硫酸量を制御する、
ことを特徴とする連続供給型反応方法。
A continuous supply type reaction method for continuously supplying a raw material comprising a solid content including a liquid content and woody biomass into a reactor while dewatering,
In the case where there is a correlation between the liquid content of the raw material supplied to the reactor and the sulfuric acid concentration , sulfuric acid is added as an additive to the system including the reactor and the upstream range, and the amount added Is controlled according to the liquid content,
The raw material is supplied into the reactor by a hydraulically operated material seal type piston feeder including a pipe line and a piston that reciprocates in the pipe line.
Detecting the hydraulic pressure of the piston,
The liquid content is calculated from the detected value based on the correlation between the hydraulic pressure of the piston and the liquid content determined in advance, and then the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid in the input material is calculated from the correlation between the liquid content and the sulfuric acid concentration determined in advance. Calculate the concentration and control the amount of sulfuric acid added according to the amount of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid concentration ,
A continuous feed type reaction method.
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