JP4854352B2 - Grinding method - Google Patents

Grinding method Download PDF

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JP4854352B2
JP4854352B2 JP2006079462A JP2006079462A JP4854352B2 JP 4854352 B2 JP4854352 B2 JP 4854352B2 JP 2006079462 A JP2006079462 A JP 2006079462A JP 2006079462 A JP2006079462 A JP 2006079462A JP 4854352 B2 JP4854352 B2 JP 4854352B2
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grinding
workpiece
rotation axis
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JP2006263911A (en
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トーマス アルミン
ノーヴァック ハンス−ヨアヒム
ライター ラルフ
ヴェルナー トーマス
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Schott AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/22—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Description

本発明はもろい材料、特にガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスからなる工作物を加工するための研削方法に関する。また、本発明はこのタイプの研削方法を行なうのに適した研削機械に関する。   The present invention relates to a grinding method for processing brittle materials, in particular glass, glass ceramics or workpieces made of ceramics. The invention also relates to a grinding machine suitable for carrying out this type of grinding method.

研削方法は数十年間にわたって、金属加工における標準として使用されてきており、また現在広い範囲の形態で採用されている。金属加工の領域で知られている研削方法を例えばガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスだけでなく、耐火材料やＳｉＣなどのもろい材料に直接転用することは理論的には可能であるが、これらの研削方法は加工される工作物の特殊な性質を考慮したものではない。特に、１００ｋｇ以上の質量を有する大きな工作物を可能な限り、短い時間で迅速にしかも比較的高い精度で加工しようとする場合、最適な結果を得るためには特殊な研削方法と、場合によっては特殊な研削工具が必要となる。さらにまた、金属の研削では約１ｍｍ3／分〜５ｍｍ3／分という小さな材料除去率しか達成できない。 Grinding methods have been used as a standard in metalworking for decades and are now employed in a wide range of forms. It is theoretically possible to directly transfer grinding methods known in the field of metal processing not only to glass, glass ceramics or ceramics, but also to brittle materials such as refractory materials and SiC. Does not take into account the special properties of the workpiece to be machined. In particular, when trying to process a large workpiece with a mass of 100 kg or more as quickly as possible in a short time and with relatively high accuracy, a special grinding method and, in some cases, to obtain the optimum results Special grinding tools are required. Furthermore, can only achieve a small material removal rate of about 1 mm 3 / min to 5 mm 3 / min in the grinding of metal.

この発明が関係している方法には、工作物の円筒状外面研削、円筒状内面研削および表面研削が含まれる。
円筒状外面研削の場合、工作物を一端または両端で回転する台板に取り付け、円筒状の研削回転体で外面を研削することが知られているが、この場合、研削回転体は工作物の回転軸と平行に向けられた研削心棒軸の周りに回転し、研削心棒軸の方向に前進送りされる。 Methods with which this invention is concerned include cylindrical outer surface grinding, cylindrical inner surface grinding and surface grinding of workpieces.
In the case of cylindrical outer surface grinding, it is known that a workpiece is attached to a base plate that rotates at one or both ends, and the outer surface is ground with a cylindrical grinding rotating body. It rotates around a grinding mandrel axis oriented parallel to the rotation axis and is fed forward in the direction of the grinding mandrel axis.

円筒状内面研削の場合、さらに１回円筒状研削回転体が使用され、研削回転体が工作物の回転軸と平行に向けられた研削心棒軸の周りに回転し、同様に研削心棒軸の方向に前進する。
円筒状研削回転体による表面研削の場合、回転テーブル上での外周研削が知られており、この場合、工作物は回転テーブル上で回転され、回転テーブルの回転軸に対して半径方向に向けられた研削心棒軸の周りに回転する円筒状研削回転体によって研削され、研削回転体の前進は研削心棒軸の方向に行なわれる。 In the case of cylindrical internal grinding, a cylindrical grinding rotator is used once more, and the grinding rotator rotates around the grinding mandrel axis oriented parallel to the workpiece rotation axis, as well as the direction of the grinding mandrel axis. Go forward.
In the case of surface grinding with a cylindrical grinding rotating body, peripheral grinding on a rotary table is known, in which case the workpiece is rotated on the rotary table and directed radially with respect to the rotary axis of the rotary table. Grinding is performed by a cylindrical grinding rotator rotating around the grinding mandrel shaft, and the grinding rotator is advanced in the direction of the grinding mandrel shaft.

この関係では、例えば下記特許文献１を参照すべきであるが、特許文献１は、歯車本体の平らな側面を研削する方法を示しており、歯車本体は駆動されて回転する表面研削回転体によって表面研削されるが、それぞれの歯車本体は工作物テーブル上で表面研削回転体に対して回転する。
しかしこのタイプの表面研削方法は、工作物と表面研削回転体との間の相対的な回転以外に前進運動が全く無いので、比較的小さな表面の表面研削に適するだけである。 In this relationship, for example, the following Patent Document 1 should be referred to. However, Patent Document 1 shows a method of grinding a flat side surface of a gear body, and the gear body is driven by a surface grinding rotating body that rotates. While being ground, each gear body rotates relative to the surface grinding rotator on the workpiece table.
However, this type of surface grinding method is only suitable for surface grinding of relatively small surfaces, since there is no forward motion other than relative rotation between the workpiece and the surface grinding rotator.

さらに、下記特許文献２は回転対称形の石材製品の製作方法を開示しているが、それによると石材加工品をその回転軸の周りに回転させ、回転する研削回転体によって加工する。石材製品の外周に対して交差する方向に丸く延びている少なくとも１つの表面を作るには、外周の細長い部品に沿って行われた研削作業のあとで、石材の回転軸に対して横切っている軸の周りに、いずれの場合も石材がその固定装置とともに研削工具に対してピボット軸支される。   Further, Patent Document 2 below discloses a method of manufacturing a rotationally symmetric stone product. According to this method, a processed stone product is rotated around its rotation axis and processed by a rotating rotating grinding body. To create at least one surface that extends round in a direction intersecting the outer circumference of the stone product, after a grinding operation carried out along the elongated part of the outer circumference, it is transverse to the axis of rotation of the stone Around the shaft, in all cases, the stone is pivoted with respect to the grinding tool together with its fixing device.

しかしこの研削方法は、丸い端面を有するカーリングストーンの加工のために特に設計されたものである。
独国特許発明第２ ２２２ ３７３号明細書 独国特許発明第２５ ０９ ９８９号明細書 However, this grinding method is specifically designed for the processing of curling stones with rounded end faces.
German Patent Invention No. 2 222 373 German Patent Invention No. 25 09 989

上記の背景に鑑みて、本発明は、特にガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスからなる硬くてもろい材料の工作物を加工するための改良された研削方法を提供することにあり、その方法は、高い精度と共に可能な限り高い材料除去能力を達成できるようにしている。さらに、この発明は、このタイプの研削方法を実行するために適した研削機械を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above background, the present invention is to provide an improved grinding method for machining workpieces of hard and brittle materials, especially made of glass, glass ceramics or ceramics, which method is highly accurate. At the same time, it is possible to achieve the highest possible material removal capability. A further object of the present invention is to provide a grinding machine suitable for carrying out this type of grinding method.

この目的は、硬くてもろい材料、特にガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスからなる工作物を加工するための研削方法であって、下記の諸工程からなる諸方法によって達成される。
工作物を工作物ホルダーに固定し、
工作物を駆動して回転軸の周りに回転させ、
駆動されて研削心棒軸の周りに回転する研削工具によって工作物を加工し、
研削心棒軸を工作物の回転軸に垂直な方向に向け、
研削心棒軸に垂直に研削工具を送り込む。 This object is achieved by a grinding method for processing a hard and brittle material, in particular a workpiece made of glass, glass ceramics or ceramics, and comprising the following steps.
Fix the workpiece to the workpiece holder,
Drive the workpiece and rotate it around the rotation axis,
Machining the workpiece with a grinding tool driven and rotating around the grinding mandrel axis,
Orient the grinding mandrel axis in the direction perpendicular to the workpiece rotation axis,
Feed the grinding tool perpendicular to the grinding spindle.

本発明によれば、従来技術と異なり、研削工具の送り込みが研削心棒軸に垂直に行なわれ、その結果特に高い材料除去能力と良好なレベルの精度で表面研削と円筒状の外面研削の両方を行なうことができる。
本発明の第一の形態では、円筒状外面研削のための研削工具の送り込みが工作物の回転軸に平行に行なわれる。 According to the present invention, unlike the prior art, the grinding tool is fed perpendicularly to the grinding mandrel axis, so that both surface grinding and cylindrical outer grinding are achieved with a particularly high material removal capability and a good level of accuracy. Can be done.
In the first aspect of the present invention, the grinding tool for cylindrical outer surface grinding is fed in parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece.

こうして、高い材料除去能力と良好なレベルの精度で円筒状の外面研削を実現することが可能になり、そのことは、研削心棒軸を工作物の回転軸に平行に向けた状態で、円筒状の表面研削回転体を用いる従来の円筒状外面研削よりも、明らかに改善を示している。
本発明の別の変形によれば、表面研削のための研削工具の送り込みが、工作物の回転軸に垂直に行なわれる。 This makes it possible to achieve cylindrical outer surface grinding with a high material removal capacity and a good level of accuracy, with the grinding mandrel axis oriented parallel to the workpiece rotation axis. It clearly shows an improvement over conventional cylindrical outer surface grinding using a surface grinding rotating body.
According to another variant of the invention, the feeding of the grinding tool for surface grinding takes place perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.

これにより、駆動されて回転する工作物の表面研削作業が、特に有利な方法で実施することができる。この構成は、工作物がその回転運動のために研削工具の端面に向かって実際に動かされ、その結果材料の除去が主に研削工具の端面において行なわれるので、特に高い材料除去能力をもたらすこととなる。このタイプの構成は、金属製工作物の場合には避けるべきであるが、このタイプの研削方法は例えばガラス、ガラスセラミックス、セラミックス、ＳｉＣ、耐火材料で作られた基本的にもろくて、および／または硬くてもろい材料に対して特に有利である。耐火材料として挙げることができるものには、例えば主に二酸化珪素からなる珪酸ブロックや石英焼結材、１０重量％〜４４重量％のアルミナ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）と５０重量％〜８０重量％の二酸化珪素からなる耐火粘土ブロック、およびＡｌ２Ｏ３成分を４４重量％以上含むアルミナ・リッチのブロックが含まれる。 Thereby, the surface grinding operation of the driven and rotated workpiece can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner. This configuration results in a particularly high material removal capability, since the workpiece is actually moved towards the end face of the grinding tool due to its rotational movement, so that material removal takes place mainly at the end face of the grinding tool. It becomes. This type of construction should be avoided in the case of metal workpieces, but this type of grinding method is basically fragile, for example made of glass, glass ceramics, ceramics, SiC, refractory materials, and / or Or it is particularly advantageous for hard and brittle materials. What can be mentioned as a refractory material includes, for example, a silicic acid block mainly composed of silicon dioxide or a quartz sintered material, 10 wt% to 44 wt% alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), and 50 wt% to 80 wt% . Refractory clay blocks made of silicon dioxide and alumina-rich blocks containing at least 44% by weight of Al 2 O 3 component are included.

本発明の目的はまた研削機械、特にガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスのようなもろい材料を加工するための研削機械によって達成されるが、その機械は、回転軸の周りに工作物を固定し駆動するための工具ホルダーを有し、研削心棒軸の周りに研削工具を回転駆動するための研削心棒を有し、工作物と研削心棒との間へ前進送りを生じさせるための前進駆動装置を有し、研削心棒軸は工作物の回転軸に垂直な方向に向けられ、また前進駆動装置は、研削心棒を研削心棒軸と垂直に送り込むこととしている。   The object of the invention is also achieved by a grinding machine, in particular a grinding machine for processing fragile materials such as glass, glass ceramics or ceramics, which fixes and drives the workpiece around a rotation axis. A tool holder for rotating a grinding tool about a grinding spindle axis and a forward drive for producing a forward feed between the workpiece and the grinding spindle The grinding mandrel shaft is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the workpiece, and the forward drive device feeds the grinding mandrel perpendicular to the grinding mandrel shaft.

この場合、研削心棒軸を工作物の外側に沿って工作物の回転軸に平行に送り込むことができるように、前進駆動を向けることができる。この場合、研削機械は円筒状の外面研削用に設計されている。
さらに、研削心棒軸を工作物の端面に沿って工作物の回転軸に垂直に送り込むことができるように、前進駆動を配設することができる。 In this case, the forward drive can be directed so that the grinding mandrel shaft can be fed along the outside of the workpiece parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece. In this case, the grinding machine is designed for cylindrical outer surface grinding.
Furthermore, a forward drive can be arranged so that the grinding mandrel axis can be fed perpendicularly to the workpiece rotation axis along the workpiece end face.

この場合、研削機械は回転テーブル上の工作物の表面研削用に設計される。
上記２つの実施形態を互いに組み合わせて、研削機械が本発明による円筒状外面研削と本発明による表面研削の両方を可能にすることができることは、言うまでもない。
本発明の別の変形によれば前記の目的は、好ましくはもろい材料、特にガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスからなる工作物を加工するための研削方法によって達成されるが、その方法は、下記の諸工程からなるものである。すなわち、
工作物を工作物ホルダーに固定し、
工作物を駆動して回転軸の周りに回転させ、
駆動されて研削心棒軸の周りに回転されるカップ型研削工具によって工作物を加工し、
研削心棒軸を工作物の回転軸に平行に配設し、かつ研削心棒軸方向に送り込みを行なう
という諸工程からなるものである。 In this case, the grinding machine is designed for surface grinding of the workpiece on the rotary table.
It goes without saying that the above two embodiments can be combined with each other to allow the grinding machine to perform both cylindrical outer surface grinding according to the invention and surface grinding according to the invention.
According to another variant of the invention, the object is achieved by a grinding method for processing a fragile material, in particular a workpiece made of glass, glass ceramics or ceramics, the method comprising: It consists of steps. That is,
Fix the workpiece to the workpiece holder,
Drive the workpiece and rotate it around the rotation axis,
Machining the workpiece with a cup-type grinding tool which is driven and rotated around the grinding mandrel axis;
The grinding mandrel shaft is arranged in parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece, and the grinding mandrel shaft is fed in the grinding mandrel shaft direction.

この研削方法は、既知の円筒状外面研削または円筒状の内面研削を基礎とするものであるが、本発明によれば円筒状研削工具の代わりにカップ型研削工具が使用される。
このようにしても、ガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスなどの基本的にもろく、および／または硬くてもろい材料を加工する際に、大きい材料除去能力を達成することが可能である。特に本発明の方法は、好適には１ｃｍ3／分〜５００ｃｍ3／分の範囲の最低材料除去率を達成することができる。ある実施形態によれば、特に迅速な材料除去が望ましい場合は、材料除去率は２０ｃｍ3／分以上であることが好ましい。他の実施形態では、材料除去をしている間に高いレベルの精度が要求される場合、２ｃｍ3／分よりも低い材料除去率を選択することが好ましい。 This grinding method is based on the known cylindrical outer surface grinding or cylindrical inner surface grinding, but according to the invention a cup-type grinding tool is used instead of the cylindrical grinding tool.
Even in this way, it is possible to achieve a large material removal capability when processing basically brittle and / or hard brittle materials such as glass, glass ceramics or ceramics. In particular, the method of the present invention preferably can achieve a minimum material removal rate in the range of 1 cm 3 / min ~500cm 3 / min. According to certain embodiments, the material removal rate is preferably 20 cm 3 / min or more, particularly when rapid material removal is desired. In other embodiments, if a high level of accuracy is required during material removal, it is preferable to select a material removal rate of less than 2 cm 3 / min.

驚くべきことに、本発明による方法は研削回転体の目立て（ドレッシング）を全く必要としない。すなわち、目立て工程を省略できる。
一般に、本発明による方法の研削作業には、研磨材として砥粒結合体だけを使用することが好ましい。
この発明の第一の変形形態によれば、カップ型の研削工具を使用して工作物の内面を研削し、これによって円筒状の内面研削を行なう。 Surprisingly, the method according to the invention does not require any grinding dressings. That is, the sharpening step can be omitted.
In general, it is preferred to use only the abrasive combination as the abrasive for the grinding operation of the method according to the invention.
According to the first variant of the invention, the inner surface of the workpiece is ground using a cup-type grinding tool, thereby performing cylindrical inner surface grinding.

この方法のさらに別の変形によれば、カップ型の研削工具を使用して工作物の外面を研削する。
これにより円筒状の外面研削が可能となる。
本発明の研削方法は、例えばガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスのような基本的にもろく、および／または硬くてもろい材料からなる質量１００ｋｇ以上の大きな工作物の研削に対して、特に有利に適用される。 According to yet another variant of this method, the outer surface of the workpiece is ground using a cup-type grinding tool.
Thereby, cylindrical outer surface grinding becomes possible.
The grinding method according to the invention is particularly advantageously applied to the grinding of large workpieces with a mass of more than 100 kg made of basically brittle and / or hard brittle materials such as glass, glass ceramics or ceramics. .

これらはガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスから鋳込み成形された工作物であることが好ましい。
しかし別の実施形態によれば別の方法、例えば焼結方法で製造されたセラミックス製の工作物をこの方法で加工することも可能である。
上に列挙した特徴および以下で説明する特徴が、それぞれの例において示した組み合わせだけでなく、その他の組み合わせあるいは独立した手段をとして、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく使用することができることは、言うまでもない。 These are preferably glass, glass ceramics or workpieces cast from ceramics.
However, according to another embodiment, a ceramic workpiece manufactured by another method, for example, a sintering method, can be processed by this method.
The features listed above and those described below can be used not only in the combinations shown in the respective examples, but also in other combinations or independent means without departing from the scope of the present invention. Needless to say.

この発明のさらに別の特徴と利点は、添付の図面を参照して好適な実施形態についての以下の説明から明らかである。
図１は工作物１２の円筒状の外面研削を行うための構成を図式的に示し、この構成は全体として参照番号１０で示されている。
構成１０は、図式的にのみ示されている工作物ホルダー１４を有する。工作物１２は一端において内面または外面で工作物ホルダー１４に固定される。工作物１２を加工するために研削心棒が備えられるが、そのうち外側の端部に固定された円筒状研削工具１８のみが見える。研削工具１８は、詳細には図示してない駆動装置によって研削心棒軸２０の周りで速い回転速度で駆動することができる。研削工具１８は、カップ型研削工具として設計するのが有利である。 Further features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration for grinding a cylindrical outer surface of a workpiece 12, this configuration being indicated generally by the reference numeral 10.
The arrangement 10 has a workpiece holder 14 which is shown only diagrammatically. The workpiece 12 is fixed at one end to the workpiece holder 14 on the inner surface or the outer surface. A grinding mandrel is provided for machining the workpiece 12, of which only the cylindrical grinding tool 18 fixed at the outer end is visible. The grinding tool 18 can be driven at a high rotational speed around the grinding mandrel shaft 20 by means of a drive device not shown in detail. The grinding tool 18 is advantageously designed as a cup-type grinding tool.

さらに研削心棒は、適切な案内手段上に配設され、案内手段に沿って調節可能な前進速度で移動させることのできる前進駆動装置により、矢印２４で示された方向に、工作物または工作物ホルダー１４の回転軸１６に平行に移動させることができる（図示せず）。研削心棒軸２０は、工作物１２または工作物ホルダー１４の回転軸に垂直に向かうように配設される。   Furthermore, the grinding mandrel is arranged on a suitable guide means and can be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow 24 by means of an advance drive which can be moved along the guide means at an adjustable advance speed. The holder 14 can be moved parallel to the rotation axis 16 of the holder 14 (not shown). The grinding mandrel shaft 20 is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the rotation axis of the workpiece 12 or the workpiece holder 14.

研削心棒軸２０が工作物１２または工作物ホルダー１４の回転軸１６に平行に配置される金属加工の分野で周知の円筒状の外面研削と異なり、この発明では、研削心棒軸２０は回転軸１６に垂直に配設され、前進駆動装置により研削心棒軸２０に垂直に動かされる。これにより、工作物１２は矢印２６で示された方向に回転軸１６の周りに駆動され、またそれに垂直に配設された研削工具１８は矢印２２で示された方向に研削心棒軸２０の周りに駆動されるので、工作物１２の外面は主に研削工具１８の端面によって加工される。 Unlike known cylindrical outer surface grinding in the field of metal machining grinding mandrel shaft 20 is arranged parallel to the rotation axis 16 of the workpiece 12 or workpiece holder 14, in the present invention, the grinding mandrel shaft 20 is rotating vertical is directly arranged on the shaft 16, it is moved vertically to the grinding mandrel shaft 20 by the forward drive. As a result, the workpiece 12 is driven around the rotary shaft 16 in the direction indicated by the arrow 26, and the grinding tool 18 arranged perpendicular thereto is rotated around the grinding mandrel shaft 20 in the direction indicated by the arrow 22. Therefore, the outer surface of the workpiece 12 is processed mainly by the end surface of the grinding tool 18.

このタイプの構成は、例えばガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスのようなもろく、および／または硬くてもろい材料の場合に、特に良好な加工能力を発揮する。
本発明の別の実施形態を図２および３に示し、全体として参照番号１０ａで示す。この場合の構成１０ａは、矢印２６で示されるように、回転軸１６の周りに駆動される回転テーブルの形の工作物ホルダー１４を有する。工作物１２は、詳細には図示されない方法で、工作物ホルダー１４の上に固定される。 This type of configuration exhibits a particularly good processing capability in the case of fragile and / or hard and brittle materials, for example glass, glass ceramics or ceramics.
Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and generally indicated by reference numeral 10a. The arrangement 10 a in this case has a workpiece holder 14 in the form of a rotary table that is driven around a rotary shaft 16 as indicated by an arrow 26. The workpiece 12 is fixed on the workpiece holder 14 in a manner not shown in detail.

この構成１０ａによれば、工作物１２の端面を面研削することができる。この目的のために、研削心棒軸２０は水平に、すなわち工作物１２の鉛直に向けられた回転軸に対して垂直に向けられる。円筒状研削工具１８は研削心棒上に保持され駆動されて、矢印２２で示されるように、研削心棒軸２０の周りに高い回転数で回転することができる。研削心棒の前進運動は研削心棒軸に対して垂直に、すなわち矢印２４で示されるように水平方向に行なわれる。   According to this configuration 10a, the end surface of the workpiece 12 can be surface ground. For this purpose, the grinding spindle 20 is oriented horizontally, i.e. perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece 12 oriented vertically. The cylindrical grinding tool 18 is held and driven on the grinding mandrel and can rotate at a high speed around the grinding mandrel axis 20 as indicated by the arrow 22. The forward movement of the grinding mandrel takes place perpendicular to the grinding mandrel axis, i.e. in the horizontal direction as indicated by arrow 24.

この実施形態においても、主要な研削力はこの場合にも円筒状研削工具１８の端面でさらに一回発生するので、例えばガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスのような、特にもろい材料を加工するときに、特に良好な加工能力が達成される。この場合もやはり、研削工具はカップ型研削工具として形成することが有利である。
図４は、上で説明したように円筒状外面研削と表面研削の両方に適しており、全体として参照番号１００で示される研削機械の極端に模式化した図である。研削機械１００は駆動装置１２４によって駆動されて回転する工作物ホルダー１１４を有する。水平方向に向けられた研削心棒１２０は、詳細には図示されてない駆動装置により、例えば最高で毎分２万回転という高い回転数で回転するように駆動される。研削心棒１２０は、詳細には図示されてない方法で、駆動装置により、第一の案内具１２２に沿って水平方向に変位させることができる。第一の案内具１２２は第二の案内１１８の上に保持され、詳細には図示されてない方法で駆動装置により第二の案内具１１８に沿って鉛直方向に変位させることができる。従って、その上に研削工具が保持されて水平に配設された研削心棒１２０は、規定された前進速度で所望の位置まで水平面または鉛直面内を直線的に移動できる。研削機械１００は、従来の研削機械では鉛直方向に向けられている研削心棒１２０が水平方向に向けられている点で、既知の研削機械とは異なる。 Also in this embodiment, the main grinding force is once again generated at the end face of the cylindrical grinding tool 18 in this case, so when processing particularly brittle materials, such as glass, glass ceramics or ceramics, Particularly good processing capabilities are achieved. Again, it is advantageous to form the grinding tool as a cup-type grinding tool.
FIG. 4 is an extremely schematic view of a grinding machine which is suitable for both cylindrical outer surface grinding and surface grinding as described above and which is indicated generally by the reference numeral 100. The grinding machine 100 has a workpiece holder 114 driven and rotated by a drive device 124. The grinding mandrel 120 oriented in the horizontal direction is driven to rotate at a high rotational speed of, for example, 20,000 revolutions per minute at maximum by a driving device not shown in detail. The grinding mandrel 120 can be displaced horizontally along the first guide 122 by a drive in a manner not shown in detail. The first guide 122 is held on the second guide 118 and can be displaced vertically along the second guide 118 by the drive in a manner not shown in detail. Therefore, the grinding mandrel 120 on which the grinding tool is held and disposed horizontally can move linearly in a horizontal plane or a vertical plane to a desired position at a prescribed forward speed. The grinding machine 100 differs from known grinding machines in that a grinding mandrel 120 that is oriented vertically in a conventional grinding machine is oriented horizontally.

図５および図６は円筒状外面研削と円筒状内面研削を図示するが、これらはそれぞれの場合に研削工具としてカップ型研削工具１８が使用されるという事実のために、従来技術によって知られている円筒状外面研削および円筒状内面研削とは異なる。
図５に示した構成１０ｂでは、図１に示された実施形態の変形として、研削心棒軸２０が、工作物１２または工作物ホルダー１４の回転軸１６に平行に向けられている。矢印２２で示されるように研削心棒軸２０の周りに回転する研削工具１８は、矢印２４で示される方向に工作物１２または工作物ホルダー１４の回転軸１６と平行に送り込まれる。 5 and 6 illustrate cylindrical outer grinding and cylindrical inner grinding, which are known from the prior art due to the fact that in each case a cup-type grinding tool 18 is used as the grinding tool. Different from the cylindrical outer surface grinding and the cylindrical inner surface grinding.
In the configuration 10 b shown in FIG. 5, as a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the grinding mandrel shaft 20 is oriented parallel to the rotation axis 16 of the workpiece 12 or the workpiece holder 14. The grinding tool 18 rotating around the grinding mandrel axis 20 as indicated by the arrow 22 is fed in parallel with the workpiece 12 or the rotation axis 16 of the workpiece holder 14 in the direction indicated by the arrow 24.

円筒状内面研削のために設計された図６に示した構成１０ｃでは、カップ型研削回転体として設計された研削工具１８を使用して、工作物１２の内面が研削される。この場合も、送り込みは、矢印２４で示されるように、工作物１２または工作物ホルダー１４の回転軸１６と平行に行なわれる。   In the configuration 10c shown in FIG. 6 designed for cylindrical internal grinding, the internal surface of the workpiece 12 is ground using a grinding tool 18 designed as a cup-type grinding rotating body. Also in this case, the feeding is performed in parallel with the rotation axis 16 of the workpiece 12 or the workpiece holder 14 as indicated by the arrow 24.

この発明の第１の実施態様を概略図の形で示しており、その態様は、回転対称形の工作物の外面研削に関するものである。A first embodiment of the invention is shown in schematic form, which relates to external grinding of a rotationally symmetric workpiece. この発明の別の実施態様の概略を側面図で示しており、その態様は、駆動された回転テーブル上の工作物の表面研削を行なうためである。An outline of another embodiment of the invention is shown in side view, in order to perform surface grinding of a workpiece on a driven rotary table. 図２に示した構成の平面図である。FIG. 3 is a plan view of the configuration shown in FIG. 2. 本発明による方法を使用するための研削機械の概略図である。1 is a schematic view of a grinding machine for using the method according to the invention. この発明のさらに別の実施態様の概略図であって、その態様は、カップ型研削工具を使用して回転対称形の工作物の円筒状外面研削を行なうためである。FIG. 6 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of the present invention for performing cylindrical outer surface grinding of a rotationally symmetric workpiece using a cup-type grinding tool. この発明のさらに別の実施態様の概略図であって、その態様は、カップ型研削工具を使用して工作物の円筒状内面研削を行なうためである。FIG. 4 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of the present invention for performing cylindrical internal grinding of a workpiece using a cup-type grinding tool.

Claims (1)

少なくとも一部に円筒形部分を持ち、且つもろい材料すなわちガラス、ガラスセラミックスあるいはセラミックスで作られた工作物（１２）を加工するための研削方法であって、
工作物（１２）を工作物ホルダー（１４）に固定して工作物（１２）を工作物ホルダー（１４）の回転軸（１６）の周りに回転可能とし、
工作物（１２）の回転軸（１６）に垂直に向く研削心棒軸（２０）の周りに回転する研削工具（１８）を配置し、
研削工具（１８）を研削心棒軸（２０）と工作物（１２）の回転軸（１６）とに垂直な方向に送り込み、
工作物（１２）を回転軸（１６）の周りに回転させて工作物（１２）の円筒形表面を主として研削工具（１８）の端面により工作物（１２）の円周方向に研削し、
同時に研削工具（１８）を回転軸（１６）に平行に移動させて研削し、
こうして材料除去率を少なくとも２０ｃｍ ３ ／分にする工程からなる研削方法。 Chi lifting the cylindrical portion at least a portion, and brittle material or glass, a grinding method for machining workpieces made of glass ceramics or ceramics (12),
And rotatable about the engineering crop (12) of the workpiece holder (14) fixed to the workpiece (12) the axis of rotation of the workpiece holder (14) to (16),
Engineering Crops (12) grinding the mandrel axis oriented perpendicular to the rotation axis (16) of the grinding tool (18) which rotates around (20) is arranged,
Grinding tool (18) the grinding mandrel shaft (20) and workpiece (12) rotation axis (16) and to feed in a direction perpendicular,
The workpiece (12) is rotated about the rotation axis (16) to grind the cylindrical surface of the workpiece (12) mainly in the circumferential direction of the workpiece (12) by the end face of the grinding tool (18);
At the same time, the grinding tool (18) is moved parallel to the rotation axis (16) for grinding,
A grinding method comprising the step of setting the material removal rate to at least 20 cm 3 / min.
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