JP4835424B2 - High strength spheroidal graphite cast iron - Google Patents
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本発明は、土木・建築部品や機械部品用として好適な、高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品に係り、とくに、鋳放しのまま状態での強度と耐摩耗性の向上に関する。 The present invention relates to a high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron product suitable for civil engineering / architectural parts and machine parts, and more particularly to improvement of strength and wear resistance in an as-cast state.
球状黒鉛鋳鉄は、良好な鋳造性と、高強度を有し、鍛鋼や鋳鋼の代替として、とくに土木・建築・機械部品等の使途に広く使用されている。とくに、オーステンパー処理を施された球状黒鉛鋳鉄品（オーステンパー球状黒鉛鋳鉄品）は、基地組織がベイナイト化され、引張強さ：900Ｎ/mm2以上の高強度と高延性とを兼備した鋳鉄品である。しかし、オーステンパー球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、オーステンパー処理という熱処理工程が必須となるため、製造工程が複雑となり、製造コストの高騰を招き、経済的に不利になるという問題があった。 Spheroidal graphite cast iron has good castability and high strength, and is widely used as a substitute for forged steel and cast steel, especially for civil engineering, construction and machine parts. In particular, austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron products (austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron products) have a base structure that is bainite and has a high tensile strength of 900 N / mm 2 or more and high ductility. It is a product. However, since the austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron product requires a heat treatment process called austempering, the manufacturing process is complicated, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost and an economical disadvantage.
また、最近では、土木、建築、機械等の部品の軽量化と、寿命向上、さらに経済性という観点から、土木・建築部品や機械部品用として、高強度化され耐摩耗性に優れた、安価な鋳鉄品が指向される傾向にあり、熱処理を行うことなく鋳放しのままの状態で、引張強さ：900Ｎ/mm2以上の高強度を有し、延性、耐摩耗性に優れた高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品が要求されている。 Also, recently, from the viewpoints of weight reduction of civil engineering, construction, machinery and other parts, improvement of lifespan, and economic efficiency, it has been strengthened and has excellent wear resistance for civil engineering / building parts and machine parts. New cast iron products tend to be used, with high tensile strength of 900 N / mm 2 or more in the as-cast state without heat treatment, high strength with excellent ductility and wear resistance Spheroidal graphite cast iron products are required.
このような要求に対し、例えば、特許文献１には、重量比で、Ｃ：3.20〜4.00％、Si：2.00〜3.20％、Mn：0.30〜2.50％を含み、Ｐ、Ｓ、Mgを適正量に調整して含み、さらに、Cu：0.40〜2.00％、希土類：0.010〜0.300％を含有し、残部Feからなる、球状黒鉛鋳鉄品が提案されている。特許文献１に記載された技術により製造された球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、Cuと希土類元素を複合含有することにより、引張強さ800Ｎ/mm2以上の高強度と、伸び：４％以上の高延性を確保できるとしている。 In response to such a request, for example, Patent Document 1 includes C: 3.20 to 4.00%, Si: 2.00 to 3.20%, Mn: 0.30 to 2.50% by weight ratio, and appropriate amounts of P, S, and Mg. There is proposed a spheroidal graphite cast iron product including and adjusted to Cu, further containing Cu: 0.40 to 2.00%, rare earth: 0.010 to 0.300%, and the balance being Fe. Spheroidal graphite cast iron manufactured by the technique described in Patent Document 1 contains Cu and a rare earth element in combination, so that it has a high strength with a tensile strength of 800 N / mm 2 or more and a high ductility of 4% or more. Can be secured.
また、特許文献２には、Ｃ：3.2〜3.9％、Si：2.0〜2.6％、Mn：0.6％以下を含み、Ｐ、Ｓ、Mgを適正量に調整して含み、さらに、Cu：2.4〜3.3％、Sn：0.01〜0.05％を含有し、残部Feからなる、球状黒鉛鋳鉄が提案されている。特許文献２に記載された技術により製造された球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、CuとSnを複合含有することにより、引張強さ：900Ｎ/mm2近く、又は900Ｎ/mm2以上の高強度と、伸び：４％以上の高延性を確保できるとしている。 Patent Document 2 includes C: 3.2 to 3.9%, Si: 2.0 to 2.6%, Mn: 0.6% or less, P, S, and Mg are adjusted to appropriate amounts, and Cu: 2.4 to Spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 3.3%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.05%, and remaining Fe has been proposed. Spheroidal graphite cast iron produced by the technique described in Patent Document 2, by composite containing Cu and Sn, tensile strength: 900 N / mm 2 near or with 900 N / mm 2 or more high strength, elongation : High ductility of 4% or more can be secured.
また、特許文献３には、重量％で、Ｃ：3.0〜4.5％、Si：1.6〜2.5％、Mn：0.2〜0.5％と、Ｐ、Ｓ、Mgを適正量に調整して含み、さらに、Zr：0.0005〜0.09％を含み、SnおよびCuの１種または２種を、Sn換算量で0.03〜0.11％含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる、高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄が提案されている。特許文献３に記載された技術により製造された球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、鋳放しのままで、引張強さ：900MPa以上を有し、切削性も良好であるとしている。 Patent Document 3 includes, by weight%, C: 3.0 to 4.5%, Si: 1.6 to 2.5%, Mn: 0.2 to 0.5%, and P, S, and Mg adjusted to appropriate amounts, Zr: High strength spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 0.0005 to 0.09%, one or two of Sn and Cu, 0.03 to 0.11% in terms of Sn, and the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities has been proposed. Yes. The spheroidal graphite cast iron product produced by the technique described in Patent Document 3 is said to have a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more as it is as cast and has good machinability.
また、特許文献４には、重量比で、Ｃ：3.20〜4.00％、Si：2.00〜3.20％、Mn：0.30〜2.50％と、Ｐ、Ｓ、Mgを適正量に調整して含み、さらに、Cu：0.30〜3.50％、希土類元素：0.005〜0.30％を含有し、残部Feからなる溶湯の冷却を促進して、鋳鉄品を鋳造し、黒鉛の周囲にフェライト又はフェライトとパーライトの入り組んだ花弁状の組織を含む金属組織と、鋳放しで引張強さ800Ｎ/mm2以上、好ましくは900〜1000Ｎ/mm2で、伸びが２％以上、好ましくは３％以上を有する球状化黒鉛鋳鉄品とする、球状黒鉛鋳鉄品の製法が提案されている。 Patent Document 4 includes, by weight ratio, C: 3.20 to 4.00%, Si: 2.00 to 3.20%, Mn: 0.30 to 2.50%, and P, S, and Mg adjusted to appropriate amounts. Cu: 0.30 to 3.50%, rare earth element: 0.005 to 0.30%, promotes cooling of the molten metal consisting of the remaining Fe, cast iron products, and petals with ferrite or ferrite and pearlite around graphite And a spheroidal graphite cast iron product having an as-cast tensile strength of 800 N / mm 2 or more, preferably 900 to 1000 N / mm 2 and an elongation of 2% or more, preferably 3% or more. A method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron product has been proposed.
また、特許文献５には、重量％で、Ｃ：2.0〜4.0％、Si：1.5〜4.5％、Mn：2.0％以下と、Ｐ、Ｓ、Mgを適正量に調整して含み、さらに、Cu：1.8〜4.0％、あるいはさらにSn：0.08％以下、および／または、Mo、Niの１種または２種を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる、高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄が提案されている。特許文献５に記載された技術により製造された球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、鋳放しのままで、引張強さ：800MPa以上の高強度を有し、水脆化を著しく抑制でき、さらには被削性が向上するとしている。 Patent Document 5 includes, by weight%, C: 2.0 to 4.0%, Si: 1.5 to 4.5%, Mn: 2.0% or less, and P, S, and Mg adjusted to appropriate amounts, and Cu : 1.8-4.0%, or Sn: 0.08% or less, and / or high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron containing one or two of Mo and Ni, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities Yes. Spheroidal graphite cast iron products produced by the technique described in Patent Document 5 have a high tensile strength of 800 MPa or more, as-cast, can remarkably suppress water embrittlement, and machinability. Is going to improve.
また、特許文献６には重量比率で、Ｃ：3.0〜4.0％、Si：1.6〜3.3％、Mn：0.2〜1.0％、Ni：0.5〜2.0％、Mo：0.2〜1.5％と、Mgを適正量に調整して含み、さらに、Cu：1.0〜3.0％、Ｖ：0.03〜0.2％を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなり、基地組織がパーライト、あるいはパーライトおよびベイナイトである、高強度ダクタイル鋳鉄が提案されている。特許文献６に記載された技術で製造された高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、1000MPa超えの引張強さと、２％以上の伸びを有するとしている。
しかしながら、特許文献１、２、４、５に記載された技術では、一定レベルの高強度は得られるものの、耐摩耗性が劣るという問題があり、土木・建築部品や機械部品として要求されるようになった、従来品の1.3倍以上という耐摩耗性向上の要求には応えられないという問題があった。さらに、近年、鋳物の薄肉軽量化も求められており、特に肉厚10mm以下の薄肉部を有する鋳鉄品では、該薄肉部で白銑化が生じやすい。特に、耐摩耗性を向上させるために、Ｖ、Cr、Mo、Zr等の合金元素を多量に含有した鋳鉄品では白銑化を防止できないという問題があった。特許文献３、６に記載された技術で製造された球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、引張強さ：900Ｎ/mm2以上の高強度を確保することができるが、耐摩耗性についての確認が一切なされておらず、優れた耐摩耗性を有しているか不明であり、また、肉厚10mm以下の薄肉部が存在する鋳鉄品の場合には、Zr、SnあるいはMo、Ｖを含有するため、該薄肉部での白銑化を防止できないという問題があった。 However, the techniques described in Patent Documents 1, 2, 4, and 5 have a problem that wear resistance is inferior, although a certain level of high strength is obtained, and may be required as civil engineering / building parts and machine parts. However, there was a problem that it was not possible to meet the demand for improved wear resistance of 1.3 times or more that of conventional products. Further, in recent years, there has been a demand for thinner and lighter castings. In particular, cast iron products having a thin portion with a thickness of 10 mm or less are likely to be whitened in the thin portion. In particular, cast iron products containing a large amount of alloy elements such as V, Cr, Mo and Zr in order to improve wear resistance have a problem that whitening cannot be prevented. Spheroidal graphite cast iron manufactured by the techniques described in Patent Documents 3 and 6 can ensure a high strength of tensile strength: 900 N / mm 2 or more, but no confirmation of wear resistance has been made. It is unclear whether it has excellent wear resistance, and in the case of a cast iron product having a thin part with a thickness of 10 mm or less, it contains Zr, Sn or Mo, V, so There was a problem that it was not possible to prevent whitening in the club.
本発明は、上記した従来技術の問題点を有利に解決し、鋳放しのままで、引張強さがおおよそ900Ｎ/mm2を超える高強度と、伸び：３％以上の高延性と、従来品の1.3倍以上という優れた耐摩耗性とを有し、かつ肉厚：10mm以下の薄肉部における白銑化を防止できる、高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention advantageously solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, as-cast, with a high strength exceeding about 900 N / mm 2 in tensile strength, a high ductility of 3% or more, and a conventional product. An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron product having excellent wear resistance of 1.3 times or more of the above and capable of preventing whitening in a thin portion having a thickness of 10 mm or less.
高強度化した鋳造品は、従来から、白銑化しやすいことが知られている。とくに、耐摩耗性の向上のために、Cr、Mo、Ｖ、Ｗ等の炭化物形成元素を多量に添加した場合には、肉厚10mm以下の薄肉である場合にとくに、白銑化がさらに著しくなる。なお、「白銑化」とは、脆い共晶炭化物（レデブライト）が晶出し、鋳造品が硬脆化する現象をいう。白銑化した鋳造品は、破壊したとき、その破面が白く光って見える。 Conventionally, it has been known that cast products with increased strength are easily whitened. In particular, when a large amount of carbide-forming elements such as Cr, Mo, V, and W are added to improve wear resistance, whitening occurs more significantly, especially when the thickness is 10 mm or less. Become. Incidentally, “whitening” refers to a phenomenon in which brittle eutectic carbides (redebrite) crystallize and the cast product becomes hard and brittle. The cast product that has turned white appears to glow white when broken.
本発明者らは、上記した課題を達成するために、高強度化した鋳造品の耐摩耗性と白銑化に影響する各種要因について鋭意研究した。その結果、Cuを含有し基地を高強度化したうえ、基地中に固溶しない元素の炭化物（硬質炭化物）を基地中に分散させることにより、高強度化、耐摩耗性向上と白銑化防止とを両立させることができることを想到した。そして、更なる研究を行った結果、基地中に分散させる硬質炭化物としては、Nbの炭化物（Nb炭化物）とすることがよいことを知見した。Nbは基地中に殆ど固溶しないため、白銑化が促進されることは考えられない。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors diligently studied various factors that affect the wear resistance and whitening of a cast product with increased strength. As a result, the strength of the base containing Cu is increased, and elemental carbides (hard carbides) that do not dissolve in the base are dispersed in the base to increase strength, improve wear resistance, and prevent whitening. I was able to achieve both. As a result of further research, it has been found that Nb carbide (Nb carbide) should be used as the hard carbide dispersed in the base. Since Nb hardly dissolves in the base, it is unlikely that whitening will be promoted.
本発明は、上記した知見に基づき、さらに検討を行って完成されたものである。すなわち、本発明の要旨は次のとおりである。
（１）質量％で、Ｃ：３〜４％、Si：1.8〜3.5％、Mn：0.2〜２％、Ｐ：0.03％以下、Ｓ：0.003〜0.02％、Nb：0.05〜１％、Cu：1.4〜５％、Mg：0.01〜0.07％を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、耐摩耗性に優れることを特徴とする高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品。
The present invention has been completed by further studies based on the above findings. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) By mass%, C: 3-4%, Si: 1.8-3.5%, Mn: 0.2-2%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.003-0.02%, Nb: 0.05-1%, Cu: A high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron product comprising 1.4 to 5%, Mg: 0.01 to 0.07%, having a composition comprising the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, and having excellent wear resistance.
（２）（１）において、前記組成に加えてさらに、質量％で、Ni：0.5％以下を含有することを特徴とする高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品。 (2) A high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron product according to (1), further containing Ni: 0.5% or less by mass% in addition to the above composition.
本発明によれば、鋳放しのままで、引張強さがおおよそ900Ｎ/mm2を超える高強度と、伸び：３％以上の高延性とを有し、さらに耐摩耗性に優れ、かつ薄肉部でも白銑化が生じない、土木・建築部品や機械部品向け高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品を容易に製造でき、産業上格段の効果を奏する。また、本発明になる鋳鉄品は、応力弛緩のために焼戻し処理を実施したり、あるいは、焼入れ焼戻し処理やオーステンパー処理を施して、基地組織をマルテンサイト（焼戻しマルテンサイト）やベイナイト（オーステナイト＋ベイニティックフェライト）等に調整して使用することも可能である。また、本発明になる鋳鉄品は、薄肉部でも白銑化がなく、耐摩耗性に優れた高強度・高延性の鋳鉄品であり、機械部品の金具や爪、床板や、止め具などを配した景観部材、マンホールの蓋や、土木建築用の止め具や、その他、種々の薄肉耐摩耗鋳鉄部材への適用も可能となるという効果も有する。 According to the present invention, as-cast, it has a high strength exceeding about 900 N / mm 2 in tensile strength and a high ductility of 3% or more, and has excellent wear resistance and a thin-walled portion. However, it can easily produce high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron products for civil engineering / architectural parts and machine parts that do not cause whitening, and has a remarkable industrial effect. Further, the cast iron product according to the present invention is subjected to tempering treatment for stress relaxation, or is subjected to quenching tempering treatment or austempering treatment so that the base structure is martensite (tempered martensite) or bainite (austenite + It is also possible to use it after adjusting to bainitic ferrite. Further, the cast iron product according to the present invention is a high strength and high ductility cast iron product that has no whitening even in a thin portion and has excellent wear resistance. It also has an effect that it can be applied to a landscape member, a manhole cover, a stop for civil engineering, and various other thin wear-resistant cast iron members.
まず、本発明の球状黒鉛鋳鉄品の組成限定理由について説明する。なお、以下、組成における質量％は単に％で記す。
Ｃ：３〜４％
Ｃは、球状黒鉛の晶出量、パーライト中の層状セメンタイト量およびＭＣ炭化物の析出量、ならびに溶湯の流動性や白銑化に影響する重要な元素である。Ｃ含有量が３％未満では特に黒鉛量が不足し、白銑化が促進されるともに、流動性が不足し、所望の高強度、高延性を確保する球状黒鉛鋳鉄とすることが難しくなる。一方、４％を超える含有は、黒鉛量が過多となり、強度が低下する。このため、Ｃは３〜４％に限定した。なお、好ましくは、3.2〜4.0％である。
First, the reasons for limiting the composition of the spheroidal graphite cast iron product of the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, the mass% in the composition is simply expressed as%.
C: 3-4%
C is an important element that affects the amount of spheroidal graphite crystallization, the amount of layered cementite in pearlite and the amount of MC carbide precipitated, and the fluidity and whitening of the molten metal. When the C content is less than 3%, the amount of graphite is particularly insufficient, whitening is promoted, fluidity is insufficient, and it becomes difficult to obtain a spheroidal graphite cast iron that ensures desired high strength and high ductility. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 4%, the amount of graphite becomes excessive and the strength decreases. For this reason, C was limited to 3-4%. In addition, Preferably, it is 3.2 to 4.0%.
Si：1.8〜3.5％
Siは、溶湯の流動性と白銑化に影響を及ぼす元素であり、本発明では1.8％以上の含有を必要とする。Siが1.8％未満では、流動性が低下して薄肉部への溶湯の充填が困難になるとともに、白銑化も発生する。一方、3.5％を超える含有は、基地中にフェライトが析出しやすくなり、高強度化が困難になる。このため、Siは1.8〜3.5％の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは、2.1〜3.0％である。
Si: 1.8-3.5%
Si is an element that affects the fluidity and whitening of the molten metal, and in the present invention, it needs to be contained in an amount of 1.8% or more. If Si is less than 1.8%, the fluidity is lowered, making it difficult to fill the thin portion with molten metal, and whitening also occurs. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 3.5%, ferrite tends to precipitate in the matrix, making it difficult to increase the strength. For this reason, Si was limited to the range of 1.8 to 3.5%. In addition, Preferably, it is 2.1 to 3.0%.
Mn：0.2〜２％
Mnは、基地中に固溶し、基地の高強度化に寄与する有用な元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.2％以上の含有を必要とする。Mnが0.2％未満では強度が低下し、所望の高強度を確保できなくなる。一方、２％を超えるMnの含有は、凝固セルの粒界にMnが偏析して材質を脆化させる。このため、Mnは0.2〜２％の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは、0.5〜1.8％である。
Mn: 0.2-2%
Mn is a useful element that dissolves in the base and contributes to increasing the strength of the base. In order to obtain such an effect, the content of 0.2% or more is required. If Mn is less than 0.2%, the strength decreases, and the desired high strength cannot be ensured. On the other hand, if Mn content exceeds 2%, Mn segregates at the grain boundary of the solidification cell, and the material becomes brittle. For this reason, Mn was limited to the range of 0.2 to 2%. In addition, Preferably, it is 0.5 to 1.8%.
Ｐ：0.03％以下
Ｐは、ザク巣を増加させたり、凝固セルの粒界に偏析して材質を脆化させる作用を有する元素であり、本発明では不純物としてできるだけ低減することが望ましい。0.03％を超えると上記した悪影響が顕著となる。このため、Ｐは0.03％以下に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.02％以下である。
P: 0.03% or less P is an element having an action of increasing the nests or segregating at the grain boundaries of the solidification cell to embrittle the material. In the present invention, P is preferably reduced as much as possible. If it exceeds 0.03%, the above-mentioned adverse effects become remarkable. For this reason, P was limited to 0.03% or less. In addition, Preferably it is 0.02% or less.
Ｓ：0.003〜0.02％
Ｓは、Mg、REM、Ca、Si等と化合物を形成して黒鉛の核を形成し、白銑化を抑制する作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るために、本発明では0.003％以上含有する。一方、0.02％を超える含有は、黒鉛形状を低下させる。このため、Ｓは0.003〜0.02％の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは0.004〜0.015％である。
S: 0.003-0.02%
S is an element that forms a compound with Mg, REM, Ca, Si, and the like to form graphite nuclei and suppresses whitening. In order to acquire such an effect, it contains 0.003% or more in this invention. On the other hand, the content exceeding 0.02% lowers the graphite shape. For this reason, S was limited to 0.003 to 0.02% of range. In addition, Preferably it is 0.004 to 0.015%.
Nb：0.05〜１％
Nbは、硬質なＭＣ型炭化物を形成し、耐摩耗性向上に有効に寄与するとともに、凝固組織をも微細化し、高強度化に有効に寄与する、また、Nbは、白銑化を抑制する作用も有するため、本発明では極めて重要な元素である。このような効果は、0.05％以上の含有で認められるが、１％を超える含有は、ＭＣ型炭化物が粗大化し、強度の低下を招く。このため、Nbは0.05〜１％の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは、0.1〜0.8％である。
Nb: 0.05-1%
Nb forms hard MC-type carbides and contributes effectively to improving wear resistance, and also refines the solidified structure and contributes to high strength. Nb also suppresses whitening. Since it also has an action, it is an extremely important element in the present invention. Such an effect is recognized when the content is 0.05% or more. However, when the content exceeds 1%, the MC carbide is coarsened and the strength is reduced. For this reason, Nb was limited to the range of 0.05 to 1%. In addition, Preferably, it is 0.1 to 0.8%.
Cu：1.4〜５％
Cuは、パーライト組織を緻密化するととともに、基地中に微細析出し基地を高強度化する作用を有する、本発明では重要な元素である。このような効果を得るためには、1.4％以上の含有を必要とする。1.4％未満では上記した効果が期待できない。一方、５％を超える含有は、Cuが凝固セルの粒界に多量に偏析して強度の低下を招く。このため、Cuは1.4〜５％の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは1.4〜3.8％である。
Cu: 1.4-5%
Cu is an important element in the present invention that has the effect of densifying the pearlite structure and finely depositing in the matrix to increase the strength of the matrix. In order to obtain such an effect, the content of 1.4% or more is required. If it is less than 1.4%, the above effects cannot be expected. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 5%, Cu is segregated in large quantities at the grain boundaries of the solidification cell, leading to a decrease in strength. For this reason, Cu was limited to the range of 1.4 to 5%. In addition, Preferably it is 1.4 to 3.8%.
Mg：0.01〜0.07％
Mgは、黒鉛を球状化する作用を有し、球状黒鉛鋳鉄では必須元素である。このような効果を確保するためには、0.01％以上のMg含有を必要とする。Mg含有量が0.01％未満では、芋虫状の黒鉛が出現して強度が低下する。一方、0.07％を超える含有は、Mgの酸化物が多量のドロスを発生させ、表面欠陥を増加させる。また、Mgの過剰含有は、白銑化を促進するため、肉厚10mm以下の薄肉部を有する鋳物では0.015〜0.04％程度の含有とすることが好ましい。また、肉厚が20mmを超える鋳物の場合には、0.02〜0.07％程度の含有とすることが好ましい。
Mg: 0.01-0.07%
Mg has a function of spheroidizing graphite, and is an essential element in spheroidal graphite cast iron. In order to ensure such an effect, it is necessary to contain 0.01% or more of Mg. If the Mg content is less than 0.01%, worm-like graphite appears and the strength decreases. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.07%, Mg oxide generates a large amount of dross and increases surface defects. Further, since excessive Mg content promotes whitening, it is preferable to contain about 0.015 to 0.04% in a casting having a thin portion with a thickness of 10 mm or less. Further, in the case of a casting having a thickness exceeding 20 mm, the content is preferably about 0.02 to 0.07%.
上記した成分が基本成分であるが、基本成分に加えてさらに、Ni：0.5％以下を含有してもよい。
Ni：0.5％以下
Niは、パーライトの析出を促進する作用を有する元素であり、必要に応じて含有できる。このような効果を得るためには、0.1％以上含有することが好ましいが、0.5％を超える含有は、Ｃの拡散を抑制し組織の均一化を阻害する悪影響がある。このため、Niは0.5％以下に限定することが好ましい。
The above-described components are basic components, but Ni: 0.5% or less may be further contained in addition to the basic components.
Ni: 0.5% or less
Ni is an element having an action of promoting precipitation of pearlite, and can be contained as necessary. In order to obtain such an effect, the content is preferably 0.1% or more, but the content exceeding 0.5% has an adverse effect of suppressing the diffusion of C and inhibiting the homogenization of the tissue. For this reason, it is preferable to limit Ni to 0.5% or less.
上記した成分以外の残部は、Feおよび不可避的不純物である。なお、本発明では、不可避的不純物である、Cr、Mo、Ti、Ｗ、Ｖを、Cr：0.08％未満、Mo：0.1％未満、Ti：0.03％未満、Ｗ：0.08％未満、Ｖ：0.1％未満、および／または、不純物である、Al、REM、Ca、Baを、Al ：0.05％未満、REM：0.05％未満、Ca：0.002％未満、Ba：0.002％未満に調節することが好ましい。 The balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities. In the present invention, Cr, Mo, Ti, W, and V, which are inevitable impurities, are Cr: less than 0.08%, Mo: less than 0.1%, Ti: less than 0.03%, W: less than 0.08%, and V: 0.1. %, And / or impurities, Al, REM, Ca, Ba are preferably adjusted to Al: less than 0.05%, REM: less than 0.05%, Ca: less than 0.002%, and Ba: less than 0.002%.
Cr、Mo、Ti、Ｗ、Ｖは、いずれも白銑化を促進させる元素であり、白銑化抑制のために、これら元素の含有量は低い方が好ましい。Cr：0.08％未満、Mo：0.1％未満、Ti：0.03％未満、Ｗ：0.08％未満、Ｖ：0.1％未満であれば悪影響は小さく、許容できる。このため、Cr：0.08％未満、Mo：0.1％未満、Ti：0.03％未満、Ｗ：0.08％未満、Ｖ：0.1％未満に調整することが好ましい。Cr、Mo、Ti、Ｗ、Ｖを上記した範囲内とするためには、これら元素を多量に含有することのない溶解原料を使用することが肝要であるが、通常の一般的な溶解原料であれば、とくに溶解原料の厳選を必要としない。なお、より好ましくは、Cr：0.05％未満、Mo：0.05％未満、Ti：0.02％未満、Ｗ：0.04％未満、Ｖ：0.03％未満である。 Cr, Mo, Ti, W, and V are all elements that promote whitening, and the content of these elements is preferably low in order to suppress whitening. If Cr: less than 0.08%, Mo: less than 0.1%, Ti: less than 0.03%, W: less than 0.08%, and V: less than 0.1%, the adverse effect is small and acceptable. For this reason, it is preferable to adjust to Cr: less than 0.08%, Mo: less than 0.1%, Ti: less than 0.03%, W: less than 0.08%, and V: less than 0.1%. In order to keep Cr, Mo, Ti, W, and V within the above ranges, it is important to use a melting raw material that does not contain a large amount of these elements. If so, there is no need for careful selection of melting raw materials. More preferably, Cr is less than 0.05%, Mo is less than 0.05%, Ti is less than 0.02%, W is less than 0.04%, and V is less than 0.03%.
Al、REM、Caは、通常、黒鉛球状化剤として使用されるFe−Si−Mg合金やSi−Mg合金中に含有され、またREM、Ca、Al、Baは、通常、接種剤として使用されるFe−Si合金やCa−Si合金中に含有される。このため、Al、REM、Ca、Baは、球状黒鉛鋳鉄には不可避的に含まれる不純物となる。しかし、Al を0.05％以上含有すると、黒鉛球状化に悪影響を及ぼし強度低下の原因となる。また、REMを0.05％以上含有すると、白銑化が促進される。このため、Al ：0.05％未満、REM：0.05％未満に調整することが好ましい。また、Caを0.002％以上、Baを0.002％以上含有すると、ドロスが増加し、表面欠陥の発生が増加する。このため、Ca：0.002％未満、Ba：0.002％未満に調節することが好ましい。 Al, REM, and Ca are usually contained in Fe-Si-Mg alloys and Si-Mg alloys that are used as graphite spheroids, and REM, Ca, Al, and Ba are usually used as inoculums. Fe-Si alloy and Ca-Si alloy. For this reason, Al, REM, Ca, and Ba are impurities inevitably contained in the spheroidal graphite cast iron. However, if Al is contained in an amount of 0.05% or more, it adversely affects the spheroidization of graphite and causes a decrease in strength. Moreover, when 0.05% or more of REM is contained, whitening is promoted. For this reason, it is preferable to adjust to Al: less than 0.05% and REM: less than 0.05%. If Ca is contained in an amount of 0.002% or more and Ba is contained in an amount of 0.002% or more, dross increases and the occurrence of surface defects increases. For this reason, it is preferable to adjust to Ca: less than 0.002% and Ba: less than 0.002%.
上記した不純物以外の不可避的不純物として、Ｎがあるが、通常の溶湯溶製法であれば、Ｎ含有量は0.001〜0.01％程度となる。この程度の含有範囲であればとくに悪影響はない。
本発明の球状黒鉛鋳鉄品は、上記した組成を有し、鋳放しのままで、球状化した黒鉛と、基地が好ましくは緻密化した層状パーライトである組織を有する高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品であり、鋳放しのままで引張強さ：900MPa超えの高強度と、従来材の1.3倍以上の、優れた耐摩耗性と、を有し、肉厚10mm以下の薄肉部の白銑化を防止できる特徴をもつ。
There is N as an unavoidable impurity other than the impurities described above, but the N content is about 0.001 to 0.01% in the case of a normal molten metal melting method. If the content is within this range, there is no particular adverse effect.
The spheroidal graphite cast iron product of the present invention is a high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron product having the above-described composition, as-cast, with spheroidized graphite and a base preferably having a dense layered pearlite structure. As-cast, tensile strength: High strength exceeding 900MPa and excellent wear resistance 1.3 times that of conventional materials, and can prevent whitening of thin-walled parts less than 10mm thick Has characteristics.
つぎに、本発明の球状黒鉛鋳鉄品の好ましい製造方法について説明する。
高周波炉等の常用の鋳鉄溶製方法で母溶湯を溶製し、該母溶湯に、常用のMg合金等の黒鉛球状化剤を添加する黒鉛球状化処理を行ったのち、さらに、通常のFe−Si合金、Ca−Si合金等の接種剤で接種して上記した組成とし、所望の形状に形成された、砂型、金型等の常用の鋳型に注湯（鋳込み）することが好ましい。なお、本発明においては、接種は、常用の方法である、取鍋に移送時に行う方法、あるいは湯道等の鋳型内（インモールド接種）で行う方法のいずれで行ってもよいことは言うまでもない。
Next, a preferred method for producing the spheroidal graphite cast iron product of the present invention will be described.
After melting the mother molten metal by a conventional cast iron melting method such as a high-frequency furnace, and performing a graphite spheroidizing treatment by adding a graphite spheroidizing agent such as a conventional Mg alloy to the mother molten metal, a normal Fe It is preferable to inoculate with an inoculant such as a -Si alloy or Ca-Si alloy to have the above-described composition, and to pour (cast) it into a conventional mold such as a sand mold or a mold formed in a desired shape. In the present invention, it goes without saying that the inoculation may be carried out by any of the usual methods, such as a method of transferring to a ladle or a method of performing in a mold such as a runner (in-mold inoculation). .
黒鉛球状化剤としてのMg合金は、例えば、質量％で、Si ：45％、Mg：５％、Ca：２％、REM：２％、Al ：0.5％を含み、残部Feである合金が例示できるが、これに限定されないことはいうまでもない。また、接種剤である、Fe−Si合金は、例えばSi：75％、残部Feである合金が例示できるが、これに限定されないことはいうまでもない。
以下、さらに実施例に基づいて本発明についてさらに説明する。
Examples of the Mg alloy as the graphite spheroidizing agent include an alloy containing, by mass%, Si: 45%, Mg: 5%, Ca: 2%, REM: 2%, Al: 0.5%, and the balance being Fe. Needless to say, but not limited to this. Moreover, although the Fe-Si alloy which is an inoculum can illustrate the alloy which is Si: 75% and remainder Fe, for example, it cannot be overemphasized that it is not limited to this.
The present invention will be further described below based on examples.
（実施例１）
高周波炉を用いて溶製した母溶湯に、表１に示す合金組成となるように合金元素を添加した。なお、合金元素添加後の溶湯の最高温度は、1490〜1580℃とした。ついで、合金元素添加後の溶湯に、市販のMg合金（Fe−45質量％Si−５質量％Mg−２質量％Ca−２質量％REM−0.5質量％Al合金）を用いてサンドイッチ法で黒鉛球状化処理を行った。ついで、溶湯を取鍋に移し替え、その際に、Fe−75％Si合金で接種した。接種直後、化学分析用試料を採取し、直ちに、溶湯を砂型に注湯（鋳込み）し、Ｙ型キールブロック（平行部肉厚15mm）と、板状鋳物（肉厚４mm×幅30mm）とした。なお、鋳込み温度は、1360℃〜1480℃とした。
Example 1
An alloying element was added to the molten mother metal melted using a high-frequency furnace so that the alloy composition shown in Table 1 was obtained. The maximum temperature of the molten metal after addition of the alloy elements was 1490 to 1580 ° C. Next, a commercially available Mg alloy (Fe-45% by mass, Si-5% by mass, Mg-2% by mass, Ca-2% by mass, REM-0.5% by mass Al alloy) is used for the molten metal after addition of the alloy elements, and graphite is obtained by a sandwich method. Spheroidization treatment was performed. Next, the molten metal was transferred to a pan and inoculated with an Fe-75% Si alloy. Immediately after inoculation, a sample for chemical analysis was collected and immediately the molten metal was poured (cast) into a sand mold to form a Y-shaped keel block (parallel part thickness 15 mm) and a plate-like casting (thickness 4 mm × width 30 mm). . The casting temperature was 1360 ° C to 1480 ° C.
鋳込み後、５時間以上放置したのち、型バラシを行い、Ｙ型キールブロックから、鋳放し状態で、試験片を採取し、引張試験および摩耗試験を実施した。また、鋳放し状態の板状鋳物を用いて、白銑化試験を実施した。試験方法は次のとおりとした。
（１）引張試験
Ｙ型キールブロックから、JIS 14A号引張試験片（平行部径：６mmφ×GL30mm）を採取し、JIS Z 2241の規定に準拠して、室温（25℃）で引張試験を実施し、引張強さTS、および伸びElを測定した。
After casting, the mold was brushed for 5 hours or more, and a specimen was taken from the Y-type keel block in an as-cast state, and a tensile test and a wear test were performed. Moreover, the whitening test was implemented using the plate-shaped casting in an as-cast state. The test method was as follows.
(1) Tensile test JIS 14A tensile test piece (parallel part diameter: 6mmφ x GL30mm) was collected from the Y-type keel block and subjected to a tensile test at room temperature (25 ° C) in accordance with the provisions of JIS Z 2241. The tensile strength TS and the elongation El were measured.
（２）摩耗試験
Ｙ型キールブロックから、摩耗試験片（円盤状試験片：外径φ60mm×肉厚10mm）を採取した。摩耗試験は、２円盤の転がりすべり方式とした。相手材は、S45C材製の円盤状試験片（外径φ190mm×肉厚15mm）とした。摩耗試験は、試験片回転数：700rpm、すべり率：２％、荷重：75kgf（735Ｎ）、試験時間：30minとした。摩耗試験の前後に試験片の重量測定を行い、試験片の摩耗減量（摩耗量）を測定した。各鋳鉄品の耐摩耗性は、従来例（鋳鉄品No.10）の摩耗量に対する比、摩耗比＝（従来例の摩耗量）／（各鋳鉄品（試験片）の摩耗量）で評価した。この摩耗比が大きいほど、耐摩耗性が優れることを意味する。
(2) Wear test A wear test piece (disk-shaped test piece: outer diameter φ60 mm × thickness 10 mm) was collected from the Y-type keel block. The abrasion test was a two-spin rolling method. The mating material was a disk-shaped test piece made of S45C material (outer diameter φ190 mm × thickness 15 mm). In the abrasion test, the number of revolutions of the test piece was 700 rpm, the sliding rate was 2%, the load was 75 kgf (735 N), and the test time was 30 min. The weight of the test piece was measured before and after the wear test, and the wear loss (wear amount) of the test piece was measured. The wear resistance of each cast iron product was evaluated by the ratio to the wear amount of the conventional example (cast iron product No. 10), wear ratio = (wear amount of the conventional example) / (wear amount of each cast iron product (test piece)). . Higher wear ratio means better wear resistance.
（３）白銑化試験
鋳放し状態の板状鋳物（肉厚４mm）の先端をハンマーで破断し、その破面を目視観察し、白銑化の有無を調査した。破面が白くきらきら光って見える場合を「白銑化している」とし×、それ以外を「白銑化無し」とし、○として評価した。
得られた結果を表２に示す。
(3) Whitening test The tip of an as-cast plate-like casting (thickness 4 mm) was broken with a hammer, and the fracture surface was visually observed to check for whitening. The case where the fractured surface appears to glitter whitely was rated as “whitened” and the others were evaluated as “no whitened” and evaluated as ◯.
The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
本発明例はいずれも、引張強さTS：900Ｎ/mm2超の高強度と、伸びEl：3.0％以上の高延性を兼備し、さらに従来例（鋳鉄品No.10）の1.3倍以上の高耐摩耗性を示し、かつ肉厚：４mmの薄肉部（鋳物）でも白銑化していないという、優れた特性を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄品となっている。一方、本発明の範囲を外れる比較例は、引張強さが900Ｎ/mm2以下であるか、伸びが3.0％未満であるかして、所望の高強度、高延性を兼備する特性を確保できないうえ、肉厚：４mmの薄肉部（鋳物）で白銑化が認められた。なお、Cr、Ｖを含みNbを含有しない比較例は、耐摩耗性の顕著な向上は認められなかった。 Both examples of the present invention have high tensile strength TS: more than 900 N / mm 2 and high ductility of elongation El: 3.0% or more, and more than 1.3 times that of the conventional example (cast iron product No. 10). It is a spheroidal graphite cast iron product having excellent wear resistance and having excellent characteristics that even a thin portion (casting) with a thickness of 4 mm is not whitened. On the other hand, the comparative example which is out of the scope of the present invention cannot secure the desired high strength and high ductility characteristics because the tensile strength is 900 N / mm 2 or less or the elongation is less than 3.0%. In addition, whitening was observed in a thin portion (casting) having a thickness of 4 mm. In the comparative example containing Cr and V and not containing Nb, no significant improvement in wear resistance was observed.
（実施例２）
高周波炉を用いて溶製した母溶湯に、表３に示す合金組成となるように合金元素を添加した。なお、合金元素添加後の溶湯の最高温度は、1520〜1560℃とした。ついで、合金元素添加後の溶湯に、Mg合金（Fe−45質量％Si−8質量％Mg−0.5％質量Ca−0.3％質量Al合金）を用いてサンドイッチ法で黒鉛球状化処理を行った。ついで、溶湯を取鍋に移し替えて、湯道内にインモールド接種用Fe−Si合金（Fe−75質量％Si−１質量％Ca−２質量％Al−１質量％Ba合金）を設置した砂型に注湯（鋳込み）し、鋳型内接種を行って、Ｙ型キールブロック（平行部肉厚15mm）と、板状鋳物（肉厚４mm×幅30mm）とした。なお、鋳込み温度は、1420℃〜1450℃とした。
(Example 2)
An alloying element was added to the molten mother metal melted using a high-frequency furnace so that the alloy composition shown in Table 3 was obtained. The maximum temperature of the molten metal after addition of the alloy elements was 1520 to 1560 ° C. Next, a graphite spheroidizing treatment was performed by a sandwich method using an Mg alloy (Fe-45 mass% Si-8 mass% Mg-0.5% mass Ca-0.3% mass Al alloy) in the molten metal after addition of the alloy elements. Next, the molten metal was transferred to a ladle, and a sand mold in which a Fe-Si alloy for in-mold inoculation (Fe-75 mass% Si-1 mass% Ca-2 mass% Al-1 mass% Ba alloy) was installed in the runner. The mold was poured (cast) and inoculated into the mold to form a Y-shaped keel block (parallel portion wall thickness 15 mm) and a plate-like casting (wall thickness 4 mm × width 30 mm). The casting temperature was 1420 ° C to 1450 ° C.
実施例１と同様に、鋳込み後、５時間以上放置したのち、型バラシを行い、Ｙ型キールブロックから、鋳放し状態で、試験片を採取し、引張試験および摩耗試験を実施した。また、鋳放し状態の板状鋳物を用いて、白銑化試験を実施した。試験方法は、実施例１と同様とした。なお、各鋳鉄品の組成は、Ｙ型キールブロックから化学分析用試料を採取して、化学分析により調査した。ここで、Ni、Cr、Ｖ、Mo、Tiは添加しなかったため、化学分析は省略した。また、各鋳鉄品の耐摩耗性は、従来例（鋳鉄品No.23）の摩耗量に対する比、摩耗比＝（従来例の摩耗量）／（各鋳鉄品（試験片）の摩耗量）で評価した。この摩耗比が大きいほど、耐摩耗性が優れることを意味する。 In the same manner as in Example 1, after standing for 5 hours or more after casting, mold separation was performed, and a test piece was collected from the Y-type keel block in an as-cast state, and a tensile test and a wear test were performed. Moreover, the whitening test was implemented using the plate-shaped casting in an as-cast state. The test method was the same as in Example 1. The composition of each cast iron product was examined by collecting a sample for chemical analysis from a Y-type keel block. Here, since Ni, Cr, V, Mo and Ti were not added, chemical analysis was omitted. In addition, the wear resistance of each cast iron product is the ratio to the wear amount of the conventional example (cast iron product No. 23), wear ratio = (wear amount of conventional example) / (wear amount of each cast iron product (test piece)). evaluated. Higher wear ratio means better wear resistance.
得られた結果を表４に示す。 Table 4 shows the obtained results.
本発明例はいずれも、引張強さTS：900Ｎ/mm2超の高強度と、伸びEl：3.0％以上の高延性を兼備し、さらに従来例（鋳鉄品No.23）の1.4倍以上の高耐摩耗性を示し、かつ肉厚：４mmの薄肉部（鋳物）でも白銑化していないという、優れた特性を有する球状黒鉛鋳鉄品となっている。一方、従来例（鋳鉄品No.23）では、Nbを含有しないため、本発明に比べ特に耐摩耗性が低下している。 Both examples of the present invention have high tensile strength TS: over 900 N / mm 2 and high ductility of elongation El: 3.0% or more, and more than 1.4 times that of the conventional example (cast iron product No. 23). It is a spheroidal graphite cast iron product having excellent wear resistance and having excellent characteristics that even a thin portion (casting) with a thickness of 4 mm is not whitened. On the other hand, since the conventional example (cast iron product No. 23) does not contain Nb, the wear resistance is particularly lowered as compared with the present invention.
Claims (2)
Ｃ：３〜４％、 Si：1.8〜3.5％、
Mn：0.2〜２％、 Ｐ：0.03％以下、
Ｓ：0.003〜0.02％、 Nb：0.05〜１％、
Cu：1.4〜５％、 Mg：0.01〜0.07％、
を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、耐摩耗性に優れることを特徴とする高強度球状黒鉛鋳鉄品。 % By mass
C: 3-4%, Si: 1.8-3.5%,
Mn: 0.2-2%, P: 0.03% or less,
S: 0.003-0.02%, Nb: 0.05-1%,
Cu: 1.4-5%, Mg: 0.01-0.07%,
A high-strength spheroidal graphite cast iron product characterized by having a composition composed of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities and having excellent wear resistance.
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