JP4800919B2 - 電気及び高濃度二酸化炭素の生成方法 - Google Patents
電気及び高濃度二酸化炭素の生成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4800919B2 JP4800919B2 JP2006500113A JP2006500113A JP4800919B2 JP 4800919 B2 JP4800919 B2 JP 4800919B2 JP 2006500113 A JP2006500113 A JP 2006500113A JP 2006500113 A JP2006500113 A JP 2006500113A JP 4800919 B2 JP4800919 B2 JP 4800919B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M8/144—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/145—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material comprising carbonates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0637—Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Description
CH4+H2O→CO+3H2 (1)
陰極室には二酸化炭素と酸素が供給される。溶融炭酸塩燃料電池における陰極反応は次の通りである。
4CO2+2O2+8e-→4CO3 2- (2)
陽極反応は次の通りである。
3CO3 2-+3H2→3H2O+3CO2+6e- (3)
CO3 2-+CO→2CO2+2e- (4)
全体の反応は次の通りである。
CH4+H2O+2O2→3H2O+CO2 (5)
本発明による方法では、最大で20%(v/v)の窒素を含んだ分子酸素含有の外部の酸化体の流れにより希釈された陰極オフガスと、酸化された陽極オフガスとが陰極室に供給される。陽極オフガスは、相対的に純粋な酸素、すなわち陰極オフガス及び/又は外部の酸化体の流れにより触媒酸化される。よって、システム内の窒素又は他の不活性ガスの量が最小化されて、主に二酸化炭素と水を含んだ酸化された陽極オフガス流が得られる。このオフガス流から、非常に高い濃度の二酸化炭素を、例えば凝縮による水の分離後に容易に引き出すことができる。
この熱交換接触は、陰極入口ガスを適当な陰極入口温度にするのに役立つ。
概略の図1〜4により本発明を説明する。
例
図2に示した燃料電池システムでの操業中のプロセスでは、1.0NL/sの新鮮なメタンが、管路6を通って陽極室5に供給され、64%(v/v)のO2、29%(v/v)のCO2及び7%(v/v)のO2を含有し且つ600℃の温度をもった19.7NL/sの流れが、管路26及び27を通って陰極室13に供給される。675℃の温度をもち且つ63%(v/v)のCO2、27%(v/v)のH2O、4%(v/v)のH2及び5%(v/v)のCOを含有した25.6NL/sの陽極オフガスが、陽極室5から管路7を通って排出される。19.2NL/sの陽極オフガスは、管路14を通って陽極室5に再循環させられ、6.4NL/sの陽極オフガスは、管路8を通って触媒アフターバーナー9に供給される。陽極入口温度は600℃である。675℃の温度をもち且つ75%(v/v)のO2、15%(v/v)のCO2及び10%(v/v)のH2Oを含有した14.6NL/sの陰極オフガス流が、陰極室13から管路16を通って排出され、熱交換器17で室温に冷却される。1.5NL/sの水が、陰極オフガスから管路18を通って分離される。残りの13.1NL/sの冷却された陰極オフガスに対して、2.0NL/sの実質的に純粋な酸素が管路19を通って加えられる。その結果得られる85%(v/v)のO2と15%(v/v)のCO2を含んだ混合物のうち、0.4NL/sが、管路22を通って触媒アフターバーナー9に酸化体として供給され、14.6NL/sが、管路23を通って熱交換器24に送られる。アフターバーナー9では、陽極オフガスが酸化されて、69%(v/v)のCO2と31%(v/v)のH2Oを含有した酸化された陽極オフガスとなる。1.5NL/sの酸化された陽極オフガスは、管路28を通って本システムから引き出される。酸化された陽極オフガスの残りと加熱された酸化体は、19.7NL/sの陰極入口流を構成する。ここでのNL/sは、標準温度及び圧力条件(STP;0℃及び1気圧)での1秒当たりのリットルである。
2 電解質層の要素
5 陽極室
9 触媒アフターバーナー
13 陰極室
17 熱交換器
24 熱交換器
Claims (9)
- 陽極と陰極の間に挟まれた電解質、陽極室及び陰極室を備えた溶融炭酸塩燃料電池を用いて電気を発生させかつ高濃度の二酸化炭素流を生成する方法であって、
- 燃料ガスを陽極室に供給し、二酸化炭素と分子酸素を含んだ陰極入口ガスを陰極室に供給し、
- 陽極反応と陰極反応を生じさせて、電気、陽極オフガス及び陰極オフガスを生成し、
- 陽極オフガスを少なくとも部分的に触媒アフターバーナーに供給し、酸化体により酸化させて酸化陽極オフガスを得、
- 残りの陽極オフガスを陽極室に再循環させる、
前記方法において、
- 前記酸化体が、陰極オフガスの一部から成り、及び/又は分子酸素を含有した外部の酸化体流(この外部酸化体流は、最大で20容量%の窒素を含む)の一部から成り、;
- 前記酸化陽極オフガスを、残りの陰極オフガス及び残りの外部酸化体流と熱交換接触させ、冷却された陽極オフガス及び陰極オフガスと外部酸化体との加熱された混合物を得;
- 前記酸化陽極オフガスとの熱交換接触の前に陰極オフガスを冷却し;
- 前記冷却された陽極オフガス、及び陰極オフガスと外部酸化体との加熱された混合物を、陰極室に陰極入口ガスとして供給し;
- 陰極室出口で二酸化炭素濃度が5〜40容量%の範囲の設定値に達するとすぐに前記冷却された陽極オフガスの一部を該プロセスから引き出す、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 引き出した陽極オフガスをさらに冷却して水を分離し、高濃度の二酸化炭素流を得る、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料ガスが炭化水素質ガスであり、前記燃料ガスが陽極室中で一酸化炭素と水素を含有したガスに転化される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 陽極オフガスの一部のみを触媒アフターバーナーに供給し、残りを陽極室に再循環させる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料ガスが天然ガス、メタン、生物ガス又は埋立地ガスである、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料ガスが、水素と一酸化炭素を含んだ改質装置の流出物である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料ガスが、最大で25容量%の窒素を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 陰極室出口での二酸化炭素濃度の設定値が、10〜30容量%の範囲にある、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記外部の酸化体流が、最大で10容量%の窒素を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03250229.6 | 2003-01-14 | ||
EP03250229 | 2003-01-14 | ||
PCT/EP2004/050016 WO2004064220A2 (en) | 2003-01-14 | 2004-01-14 | Process for generating electricity and concentrated carbon dioxide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2006515106A JP2006515106A (ja) | 2006-05-18 |
JP4800919B2 true JP4800919B2 (ja) | 2011-10-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2006500113A Expired - Fee Related JP4800919B2 (ja) | 2003-01-14 | 2004-01-14 | 電気及び高濃度二酸化炭素の生成方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8003264B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1584122B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4800919B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE357062T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2513205C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004005306T2 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO20053812L (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004064220A2 (ja) |
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US7326482B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2008-02-05 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for operation of a high temperature fuel cell system using recycled anode exhaust |
US7674538B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2010-03-09 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for high efficiency operation of a high temperature fuel cell system |
US20060051629A1 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Limbeck Uwe M | Fuel cell system and shutdown method for a fuel cell system |
FI121444B (fi) * | 2005-01-03 | 2010-11-15 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Järjestely ja menetelmä polttokennolaitteistossa |
KR100802283B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-02-11 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | 연료극 배출가스의 재순환 방식을 적용한 연료전지 발전장치 |
US7799473B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2010-09-21 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Anode recirculation for a parallel dual stack fuel cell system |
JP2009076273A (ja) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-04-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 燃料電池システム |
CN105264701B (zh) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-02-06 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | 使用燃料电池的综合发电和碳捕集 |
US9077008B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-07-07 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Integrated power generation and chemical production using fuel cells |
US9755258B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-09-05 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Integrated power generation and chemical production using solid oxide fuel cells |
US9819042B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-11-14 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Fuel cell integration within a heat recovery steam generator |
US9556753B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2017-01-31 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Power generation and CO2 capture with turbines in series |
GB201501491D0 (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-03-18 | Lg Fuel Cell Systems Inc | Method and apparatus for thermal control in a fuel cell |
US10787891B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2020-09-29 | 1304338 Alberta Ltd. | Method of producing heavy oil using a fuel cell |
CA2914070C (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2023-08-01 | 1304338 Alberta Ltd. | Upgrading oil using supercritical fluids |
CA2920656C (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2018-03-06 | 1304342 Alberta Ltd. | Method of extracting coal bed methane using carbon dioxide |
CA2997634A1 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-07 | 1304342 Alberta Ltd. | Production of petrochemical feedstocks and products using a fuel cell |
US11695122B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2023-07-04 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Layered cathode for molten carbonate fuel cell |
US11742508B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2023-08-29 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Reforming catalyst pattern for fuel cell operated with enhanced CO2 utilization |
WO2020112774A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Elevated pressure operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with enhanced co2 utilization |
KR20210107700A (ko) | 2018-11-30 | 2021-09-01 | 퓨얼 셀 에너지, 인크 | 심층 co2 포획을 위한 용융 탄산염 연료전지들의 재생성 |
WO2020112812A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with enhanced co 2 utilization |
KR102610184B1 (ko) | 2018-11-30 | 2023-12-04 | 퓨얼셀 에너지, 인크 | 용융 탄산염 연료 전지를 위한 연료 전지 스테이징 |
EP4066301A1 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2022-10-05 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with high electrolyte fill level |
JP2023503995A (ja) | 2019-11-26 | 2023-02-01 | エクソンモービル・テクノロジー・アンド・エンジニアリング・カンパニー | 燃料電池モジュールのアセンブリおよびそれを使用するシステム |
US11978931B2 (en) | 2021-02-11 | 2024-05-07 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company | Flow baffle for molten carbonate fuel cell |
US11955674B1 (en) | 2023-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Use of a fuel cell to decarbonize a hydrocarbon cracking system |
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2004
- 2004-01-14 EP EP04701958A patent/EP1584122B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-14 DE DE602004005306T patent/DE602004005306T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-14 CA CA2513205A patent/CA2513205C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-14 US US10/542,154 patent/US8003264B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-14 JP JP2006500113A patent/JP4800919B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-14 WO PCT/EP2004/050016 patent/WO2004064220A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-01-14 AT AT04701958T patent/ATE357062T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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2005
- 2005-08-12 NO NO20053812A patent/NO20053812L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH04305227A (ja) * | 1991-04-01 | 1992-10-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 電気化学的排ガス処理システム |
JPH07201349A (ja) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-08-04 | United States Department Of Energ | 燃料電池サイクルに基づく間接燃焼型のガスタービンサイクル |
JPH1126004A (ja) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-01-29 | Toshiba Corp | 発電システム |
WO2002037590A1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-10 | Questair Technologies Inc. | Energy efficient gas separation for fuel cells |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2513205A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
JP2006515106A (ja) | 2006-05-18 |
ATE357062T1 (de) | 2007-04-15 |
US8003264B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
NO20053812D0 (no) | 2005-08-12 |
EP1584122B1 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
CA2513205C (en) | 2013-01-08 |
US20060159967A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
DE602004005306D1 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
WO2004064220A3 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
EP1584122A2 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
WO2004064220A2 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
DE602004005306T2 (de) | 2007-12-20 |
NO20053812L (no) | 2005-08-12 |
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