JP4771697B2 - 認知能力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上作用を有する組成物 - Google Patents
認知能力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上作用を有する組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4771697B2 JP4771697B2 JP2004539481A JP2004539481A JP4771697B2 JP 4771697 B2 JP4771697 B2 JP 4771697B2 JP 2004539481 A JP2004539481 A JP 2004539481A JP 2004539481 A JP2004539481 A JP 2004539481A JP 4771697 B2 JP4771697 B2 JP 4771697B2
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Description
さらに、本発明者等は、酵素法により1,3-位に中鎖脂肪酸が、2-位にアラキドン酸が結合したトリグリセリドを含む油脂を製造することに成功し、本発明の効果試験に供することが可能となり、該トリグリセリドの効果を明らかにした。
原料となる油脂(トリグリセリド)はアラキドン酸を構成脂肪酸とするトリグリセリドであり、トリグリセリドを構成する全脂肪酸に対するアラキドン酸の割合が高い場合には、未反応油脂(原料トリグリセリド並びに1,3-位の脂肪酸のうち一方のみが中鎖脂肪酸となったトリグリセリド)の増加による反応収率の低下を防ぐため、通常の酵素反応温度20〜30℃より、高く30〜50℃、好ましくは40〜50℃とする。
例えば、食品組成物としては、一般食品の他、機能性食品、栄養補助食品、未熟児用調製乳、乳児用調製乳、乳児用食品、妊産婦食品又は老人用食品等を挙げることができる。油脂を含む食品例として、肉、魚、またはナッツ等の本来油脂を含む天然食品、スープ等の調理時に油脂を加える食品、ドーナッツ等の熱媒体として油脂を用いる食品、バター等の油脂食品、クッキー等の加工時に油脂を加える加工食品、あるいはハードビスケット等の加工仕上げ時に油脂を噴霧または塗布する食品等が挙げられる。さらに、油脂を含まない、農産食品、醗酵食品、畜産食品、水産食品、または飲料に添加することができる。さらに、機能性食品、医薬品、医薬部外品の形態であっても構わなく、例えば、経腸栄養剤、粉末、顆粒、トローチ、内服液、懸濁液、乳濁液、シロップ等の加工形態であってもよい。
本発明の組成物を医薬品として使用する場合、組成物中の有効成分の配分量は、本発明の目的が達成される限り特に限定されず、適宜適当な配合割合で使用が可能である。
実施例1
(アラキドン酸を構成脂肪酸とするトリグリセリドの製造方法)
アラキドン酸生産菌としてモルティエレラ・アルピナ(Mortierella alpina)を用いた。グルコース1.8%、脱脂大豆粉3.1%、大豆油0.1%、KH2PO4 0.3%、Na2SO4 0.1%、CaCl2・2H2O 0.05%及びMgCl2・6H2O 0.05%を含む培地6kLを、10kL培養槽に調製し、初発pHを6.0に調整した。前培養液30Lを接種し、温度26℃、通気量 360m3/h、槽内圧200kPaの条件で8日間の通気撹拌培養を行った。なお、攪拌数は溶存酸素濃度を10〜15ppmを維持するように調整した。さらに、グルコース濃度を4日目までは流加法によって培地中のグルコース濃度が1〜2.5%の範囲内となるように、それ以降は0.5〜1%を維持した(上記の%は、重量(W/V)%を意味する)。培養終了後、ろ過、乾燥によりアラキドン酸を構成脂肪酸とするトリグリセリドを含有する菌体を回収し、得られた菌体からヘキサン抽出により油脂を抽出し、食用油脂の精製工程(脱ガム、脱酸、脱臭、脱色)を経て、アラキドン酸含有トリグリセリド(アラキドン酸はトリグリセリドの任意な位置に結合)150kgを得た。得られた油脂(トリグリセリド)をメチルエステル化し、得られた脂肪酸メチルエステルをガスクロマトグラフィーで分析したところ、全脂肪酸に占めるアラキドン酸の割合は40.84%であった。なお、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、γ-リノレン酸、ジホモ-γ-リノレン酸などが、それぞれ11.63%、7.45%、7.73%、9.14%、2.23%、3.27%であった。さらに、上記アラキドン酸含有油脂(トリグリセリド)をエチルエステル化し、アラキドン酸エチルエステルを40%含む脂肪酸エチルエステル混合物から、常法の高速液体クロマトグラフィーによって、99%アラキドン酸エチルエステルを分離・精製した。
(1,3-位に中鎖脂肪酸が、2-位にアラキドン酸が結合したトリグリセリド(8A8)を5モル%以上含むトリグリセリドの製造)
イオン交換樹脂担体(Dowex MARATHON WBA:ダウケミカル、商標)100gを、Rhizopus delemarリパーゼ12.5%水溶液(タリパーゼ現末:田辺製薬(株))80mlに懸濁し、減圧下で乾燥させて固定化リパーゼを得た。
次に、固定化リパーゼ(Rhizopus delemarリパーゼ、担体:Dowex MARATHON WBA、商標)10gをジャケット付きガラスカラム(1.8 x 12.5cm、容量31.8ml)に充填し、実施例1で得たTGA40Sとカプリル酸を1:2に混合した混合油脂を一定の流速(4ml/h)でカラムに流し、連続反応を実施することで、反応油脂を400gを得た。なお、カラム温度は40-41℃とした。得られた反応油脂から未反応のカプリル酸及び遊離の脂肪酸を分子蒸留により取り除き、食用油脂の精製工程(脱ガム、脱酸、脱臭、脱色)を経て、8A8を含有する油脂(トリグリセリド)を得た。そして、ガスクロマトグラフィー及び高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより、得られた8A8含有油脂(トリグリセリド)中の8A8の割合を調べたところ、31.6モル%であった(なお、8P8、808、8L8、8G8、8D8の割合はそれぞれ0.6、7.9、15.1、5.2、4.8モル%であった。トリグリセリドの2-位結合する脂肪酸P、O、L、G、Dはそれぞれパルミチン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、γ-リノレン酸、ジホモ-γ-リノレン酸を表し、8P8は1,3-カプリロイル-2-パルミトレイル-グリセロール、8O8は1,3-カプリロイル-2-オレオイル-グリセロール、8L8は1,3-カプリロイル-2-リノレオイル-グリセロール、8G8は1,3-カプリロイル-2-γ-リノレノイル-グリセロール、8D8は1,3-カプリロイル-2-ジホモ-γ-リノレノリル-グリセロールをいう)。なお、得られた8A8含有油脂(トリグリセリド)から定法の高速液体クロマトグラフィーによって、96モル% 8A8を分離・精製した。
(試験カプセルの製造)
ゼラチン100質量部及び食添グリセリン35質量部に水を加え50〜60℃で溶解し、粘度2000cpのゼラチン被膜を調製した。次に実施例1で得たアラキドン酸含有油脂(トリグリセリド)にビタミンE油0.05重量%を混合し、内容物1を調製した。実施例2で得た8A8を32モル%含有する油脂(トリグリセリド)にビタミンE油0.05重量%を配合し、内容物2を調製した。内容物1を用いて、常法によりカプセル成形及び乾燥を行い、一粒200mgの内容物を含有するソフトカプセル(アラキドン酸含有食用油脂カプセル)及び内容物2を用いて、常法によりカプセル形成及び乾燥を行い、一粒200mgの内容物を含有するソフトカプセル(8A8含有食用油脂カプセル)を製造した。人試験用の擬似カプセルとして、内容物をオリーブ油としたソフトカプセルを同時に製造した。
(健常者の認知応答に及ぼすアラキドン酸含有食用油脂カプセル摂取試験)
事象関連電位(ERP: Event related potential)の測定は、日本脳波筋電図学会誘発電位検査法委員会の定めた誘発電位測定指針に従い、聴覚オドボール(もしくは音弁別)課題を用いて行った。すなわち、ヘッドホーンを通して周波数1000Hzと2000Hzの2種の純音を呈示確率1:4、呈示順はランダムに被験者の両耳に呈示し、2000Hzの目標音が聞こえた時に手元のボタンを押し、呈示数を数えるよう教示した。なお、音の強度は90dB、持続時間100msec、呈示間隔は1000〜3000msecのランダムとした。実際の試験のおおよその刺激回数は200回/人で所要時間は約10分であった。これを2ブロック実施して事象関連電位を測定した。Ag-AgCl電極を用いて脳波を記録した。電極は、抵抗値が5kΩ以下となるように、頭皮の中心線に沿って3箇所(国際10-20置換に従ってFz、Cz及びPz)に貼り付け、そして基準電極は両耳朶に取り付けた。
認知すべき低頻度の音刺激(今回の試験では2000Hzの音)開始から250〜600msecの間の極大陽性電位を選択的注意や認知応答を反映して変動する内因性成分P300と同定し、刺激開始から時間を潜時(刺激の伝達速度)、ベースラインからの電位の高さを振幅(刺激に対する集中力)とした。
試験参加同意の説明を行い、同意を得られた健常者12名(薬の服用が無く、血液検査で異常がなく、頭部CT撮影を実施して梗塞が認められない人)をAとBの2群に分け(A:n=7、B:n=5)、A群には一日アラキドン酸240mgを摂取できるように、実施例3で調製したアラキドン酸含有食用油脂カプセル(アラキドン酸として80mg/粒)3粒を1ヶ月間服用させ、B群には擬似カプセル3粒を服用させた。カプセルの摂取前後で事象関連電位を測定してP300の潜時及び振幅を測定した。A群、B群の被検者には、その後、1ヶ月間、カプセルの摂取を止めてウォッシュアウト期間とした。ウォッシュアウト後、A群には擬似カプセルを、B群にはアラキドン酸含有食用油脂カプセルを1ヶ月間服用させ、カプセルの摂取前後で同様に事象関連電位を測定した(二重盲検、クロスオーバー試験)。
(健常者の認知応答に及ぼす8A8含有食用油脂カプセル摂取試験)
実施例4と同様に、試験参加同意の説明を行い、同意を得られた健常者16名(薬の服用が無く、血液検査で異常値がなく、頭部CT撮影を実施して梗塞が認められない人)をAとBの2群に分け(各n=8)、A群には実施例3で調製した8A8含有食用油脂カプセル(アラキドン酸として72mg/粒)3粒を1ヶ月間服用させ、B群には擬似カプセル3粒を服用させ、カプセルの摂取前後で事象関連電位を測定してP300の潜時及び振幅を測定した(二重盲検)ところ、8A8含有食用油脂カプセルを摂取することにより、潜時が有意に16.3msec短縮し、振幅が有意に2.4μV増大することが明らかとなった。この結果は、平均で被検者の認知応答が潜時で9.1年、振幅で12.0年若返ったことを意味する。
(アラキドン酸を構成脂肪酸とする油脂(トリグリセリド)配合カプセルの調製例)
ゼラチン100質量部及び食添グリセリン35質量部に水を加え50〜60℃で溶解し、粘度2000cpのゼラチン被膜を調製した。次に実施例1で得たアラキドン酸含有油脂(トリグリセリド)50重量%と魚油(ツナ油:全脂肪酸に占めるエイコサペンタエン酸およびドコサヘキサエン酸の割合は、それぞれ5.1%および26.5%)50重量%で混合し、ビタミンE油0.05重量%を混合して内容物3を調製した。アラキドン酸含有油脂(トリグリセリド)80重量%と魚油(ツナ油:全脂肪酸に占めるエイコサペンタエン酸およびドコサヘキサエン酸の割合は、それぞれ5.1%および26.5%)20重量%で混合し、ビタミンE油0.05重量%を混合して内容物4を調製した。実施例1で得た99%アラキドン酸エチルエステルに、ビタミンE油0.05重量%を混合し内容物5を調製した。これら内容物3〜5を用いて、常法によりカプセル成形及び乾燥を行い、一粒200mgの内容物を含有するソフトカプセルを製造した。
(脂肪輸液剤への使用)
実施例2で得た8A8を96モル%含有する油脂(トリグリセリド)400g、精製卵黄レシチン48g、オレイン酸20g、グリセリン100g及び0.1N 苛性ソーダ40mlを加え、ホモジナイザーで分散させたのち、注射用蒸留水を加えて4リットルとする。これを高圧噴霧式乳化機にて乳化し、脂質乳液を調製した。該脂質乳液を200mlずつプラスチック製バッグに分注したのち、121℃、20分間、高圧蒸気滅菌処理して脂肪輸液剤とする。
(ジュースへの使用)
β-シクロデキストリン2gを20%エタノール水溶液20mlに添加し、ここにスターラーで撹拌しながら、実施例1で得たアラキドン酸含有トリグリセリド(ビタミンEを0.05%配合)100mgを加え、50℃で2時間インキュベートした。室温冷却(約1時間)後、さらに撹拌を続けながら4℃で10時間インキュベートした。生成した沈殿を、遠心分離により回収し、n-ヘキサンで洗浄後、凍結乾燥を行い、アラキドン酸含有トリグリセリドを含有するシクロデキストリン包接化合物1.8gを得た。この粉末1gをジュース10Lに均一に混ぜ合わせ、アラキドン酸含有トリグリセリドを含有するジュースを調製した。
Claims (21)
- アラキドン酸、アラキドン酸のアルコールエステル、並びに、構成脂肪酸の一部又は全部がアラキドン酸であるトリグリセリド、リン脂質、及び糖脂質から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含んで成る、認知能力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上のための医薬組成物。
- 構成脂肪酸の一部又は全部がアラキドン酸であるトリグリセリドが、1,3-位に中鎖脂肪酸が、2-位にアラキドン酸が結合したトリグリセリドである請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 中鎖脂肪酸が、炭素数6〜12個を有する脂肪酸から選ばれたものである請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 中鎖脂肪酸が、炭素数8個を有する脂肪酸から選ばれたものである請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 構成脂肪酸の一部又は全部がアラキドン酸であるトリグリセリドを含んで成る、認知能力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又向上のための医薬組成物。
- 構成脂肪酸の一部又は全部がアラキドン酸であるトリグリセリドの、アラキドン酸の割合が、トリグリセリドを構成する全脂肪酸に対して10重量%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 構成脂肪酸の一部又は全部がアラキドン酸であるトリグリセリドが、モルティエレラ(Mortierella)属に属する微生物から抽出したものである請求項5又は6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 構成脂肪酸の一部又は全部がアラキドン酸であるトリグリセリドが、エイコサペンタエン酸を含まない、又は1%以下のエイコサペンタエン酸を含むトリグリセリドである請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 1,3-位に中鎖脂肪酸が、2-位にアラキドン酸が結合したトリグリセリドを5モル%以上含有する、認知能力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上のための医薬組成物。
- 中鎖脂肪酸が、炭素数6〜12個を有する脂肪酸から選ばれたものである請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 中鎖脂肪酸が、炭素数8個を有する脂肪酸から選ばれたものである請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- 認知能力として、聴覚刺激、視覚刺激、嗅覚刺激、味覚刺激及び痛覚刺激からなる群から選ばれる事象に対する処理速度又は応答速度の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上のための請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 認知能力として、聴覚刺激、視覚刺激、嗅覚刺激、味覚応答及び痛覚刺激からなる群から選ばれる事象に対する集中力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上のための請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 認知能力として、意識レベルの正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上のための請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 認知能力として、聴覚刺激、視覚刺激、嗅覚刺激、味覚刺激及び痛覚刺激からなる群から選ばれる事象の弁別能力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上のための請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 認知能力の応答指標として、事象関連電位(P300)の潜時の短縮作用を有する請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 認知能力の応答指標として、事象関連電位(P300)の振幅の拡張作用を有する請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- さらにドコサヘキサエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸のアルコールエステル、並びに、構成脂肪酸の一部又は全部がドコサヘキサエン酸であるトリグリセリド、リン脂質、及び糖脂質から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含んで成る、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 上記アラキドン酸とドコサヘキサエン酸の組み合わせにおいて、アラキドン酸/ドコサヘキサエン酸比(重量)が0.1〜15の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の医薬組成物。
- さらに、組成物中のアラキドン酸に対して、組成物中のエイコサペンタエン酸が、5分の1を超えない量であることを特徴とする請求項1〜19のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- アラキドン酸、アラキドン酸のアルコールエステル、並びに、構成脂肪酸の一部又は全部がアラキドン酸であるトリグリセリド、リン脂質、及び糖脂質から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含んで成る組成物であって、該組成物及び/又は該組成物中の成分が認知能力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上作用を有することを表示した、該組成物の包装用容器及び/又は販売促進用ツールを用いて販売することを特徴とする認知能力の正常応答の低下予防、改善又は向上のための医薬組成物。
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JP2003048831A (ja) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-21 | Suntory Ltd | 脳機能の低下に起因する症状あるいは疾患の予防又は改善作用を有する組成物 |
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US20060057185A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
EP1542670B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
CA2499902C (en) | 2012-01-24 |
CN100418519C (zh) | 2008-09-17 |
AU2003267818A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 |
JP2006502196A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
WO2004028529A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
TW200420288A (en) | 2004-10-16 |
PT1542670E (pt) | 2013-07-11 |
MY147503A (en) | 2012-12-14 |
KR20050055726A (ko) | 2005-06-13 |
AU2003267818B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
DK1542670T3 (da) | 2013-05-27 |
CN1684677A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
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EP1542670A1 (en) | 2005-06-22 |
CA2499902A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
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EP1542670B2 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
KR101195574B1 (ko) | 2012-10-30 |
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