JP4770900B2 - 電気光学装置及び電子機器 - Google Patents
電気光学装置及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4770900B2 JP4770900B2 JP2008240413A JP2008240413A JP4770900B2 JP 4770900 B2 JP4770900 B2 JP 4770900B2 JP 2008240413 A JP2008240413 A JP 2008240413A JP 2008240413 A JP2008240413 A JP 2008240413A JP 4770900 B2 JP4770900 B2 JP 4770900B2
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- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004452 microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
- G09G3/3241—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
- G09G3/3241—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror
- G09G3/325—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror the data current flowing through the driving transistor during a setting phase, e.g. by using a switch for connecting the driving transistor to the data driver
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
- G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
- G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
- G09G2300/0861—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor with additional control of the display period without amending the charge stored in a pixel memory, e.g. by means of additional select electrodes
- G09G2300/0866—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor with additional control of the display period without amending the charge stored in a pixel memory, e.g. by means of additional select electrodes by means of changes in the pixel supply voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
- G09G2310/0254—Control of polarity reversal in general, other than for liquid crystal displays
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
上記の電子回路において、さらに第5の端子と、第6の端子と、前記第5の端子と前記第6の端子との間に設けられた第3のチャネル領域と、を備えた第3のトランジスタと、を含んでもよい。
上記の電子回路において、 前記第1の期間において、前記第5の端子の電位は前記第6の端子を同等からそれ以上であってもよい。
上記の電子回路において、前記第3のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第5の端子及び前記第6の端子のうちの一方と接続されていてもよい。
上記の電子回路において、前記第6の端子の電位は、前記第2の期間に第5の端子の電位と同等かそれ以上の電位であってもよい。
上記の電子回路において、前記第2の電極は、前記第1の端子に接続されていてもよい。
本発明に係る他の電子回路は、第1の端子と、第2の端子と、前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間に設けられた第1のチャネル領域と、第1のゲートと、を備えた第1のトランジスタと、第3の端子と、第4の端子と、前記第3の端子と前記第4の端子との間に設けられた第2のチャネル領域と、第2のゲートと、を備えた第2のトランジスタと、第1の電極と第2の電極とを備えた容量素子と、を含み、前記第1の電極は、前記第1のゲートに接続され、前記第2の電極は、前記第1の端子及び前記第2の端子のいずれかに接続され、第1の期間に設定された前記第1のトランジスタの前記第1のゲートのゲート電圧に対応する電流レベルを有する駆動電流が第2の期間の少なくとも一部に前記第2の端子から前記第1の端子に流れ、前記第1の期間の少なくとも1部において、逆バイアス電流が前記第1の端子から前記第2の端子へ流れること、を特徴とする。
上記の電子回路において、前記逆バイアス電流は、前記第1のトランジスタの閾値電圧の変化を抑制してもよい。
上記の電子回路において、前記第1のトランジスタは、nチャネル型であってもよい。
上記の電子回路において、前記第1のトランジスタは、アモルファスシリコンにより形成されていてもよい。
本発明に係る電気光学装置は、複数のデータ線と、複数の走査線と、複数の電圧供給線と、複数の画素回路と、を備え、前記複数の画素回路の各々は、第1の端子と、第2の端子と、前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間に設けられた第1のチャネル領域と、第1のゲートと、を備えた第1のトランジスタと、第3の端子と、第4の端子と、前記第3の端子と前記第4の端子との間に設けられた第2のチャネル領域と、第2のゲートと、を備えた第2のトランジスタと、電気光学素子と、第1の電極と第2の電極とを備えた容量素子と、を含み、前記第1の電極は、前記第1のゲートに接続され、前記第2の電極は、前記第1の端子及び前記第2の端子のいずれかに接続され、第1の期間に設定された前記第1のトランジスタの前記第1のゲートのゲート電圧に対応する電流レベルを有する駆動電流が第2の期間の少なくとも一部に前記第2の端子から前記第1の端子に流れ、前記第1の端子の電位は、前記第2の期間以外の少なくとも1つの期間において、前記第2の端子の電位と同等かそれ以上の電位であることを特徴とする。
上記の電気光学装置において、前記電気光学素子は、前記第1の端子に接続されていてもよい。
上記の電気光学装置において、前記第2の端子は、前記複数の電圧供給線のうちの一つの電圧供給線に接続されていてもよい。
上記の電気光学装置において、前記複数の電圧供給線は、前記複数のデータ線に交差してもよい。
本発明に係る電子装置は、上記の電子回路を備える。
本発明に係る電子機器は、上記の電気光学装置又は上記の電子装置を備える。
本発明に関係する第1の電子回路は、第1の端子と、第2の端子と、前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間に設けられた第1のチャネル領域と、を備えた第1のトランジスタと、第3の端子と、第4の端子と、前記第3の端子と前記第4の端子との間に設けられた第2のチャネル領域と、を備えた第2のトランジスタと、を含み、前記第1のトランジスタのゲート電圧は、第1の期間に前記第1の端子から前記第2の端子に流れた書込電流に基づいて設定され、第2の期間に前記第2の端子から前記第1の端子へ再生電流が流れ、前記再生電流の電流レベルは前記第1の期間に設定された前記ゲート電圧に対応すること
を特徴とする。
Claims (2)
- 複数のデータ線と、
複数の走査線と、
複数の電圧供給線と、
複数の画素回路と、を備え、
前記複数の画素回路の各々は、
第1の端子と、第2の端子と、第1のゲートと、を備えた第1のトランジスタと、
第3の端子と、第4の端子と、第2のゲートと、を備えた第2のトランジスタと、
電気光学素子と、
第1の電極と第2の電極とを備えた容量素子と、を含み、
前記容量素子の前記第1の電極は前記第1のゲートに接続され、前記第2の電極は前記第1の端子に接続され、
前記第1のトランジスタの前記第2の端子は前記電圧供給線に接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタの前記第3の端子は前記第1のゲートに接続され、前記第4の端子は前記電圧供給線に接続され、前記第2のゲートは前記第1のゲートに接続され、
第1の期間に、前記第3の端子から前記第4の端子を経由して前記電圧供給線に流れる、前記データ線から供給されるデータ電流に応じて前記第1のゲートのゲート電圧が設定され、
第2の期間の少なくとも一部に、前記ゲート電圧に対応する電流レベルを有する駆動電流が前記第2の端子から前記第1の端子を経て、前記電気光学素子の一端に向けて流れ、
前記電圧供給線の電位は、前記第1の期間において、前記電気光学素子の他端の電位と同等かそれ以下の電位であることにより、前記第1の期間の少なくとも一部において、逆バイアス電流が前記第1の端子から前記第2の端子へ流れること
を特徴とする電気光学装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電気光学装置を備えた電子機器。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US57277804P | 2004-05-21 | 2004-05-21 | |
US60/572778 | 2004-05-21 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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JP2005142340A Division JP4678234B2 (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-16 | 電子回路、電気光学装置、電子装置、及び電子機器 |
Publications (2)
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JP2009042776A JP2009042776A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
JP4770900B2 true JP4770900B2 (ja) | 2011-09-14 |
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ID=35476327
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JP2005142340A Expired - Fee Related JP4678234B2 (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2005-05-16 | 電子回路、電気光学装置、電子装置、及び電子機器 |
JP2008240413A Expired - Fee Related JP4770900B2 (ja) | 2004-05-21 | 2008-09-19 | 電気光学装置及び電子機器 |
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Country Status (5)
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US (2) | US20050258867A1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4678234B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100636261B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN100533529C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI295899B (ja) |
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US20050258867A1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-11-24 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Electronic circuit, electro-optical device, electronic device and electronic apparatus |
CA2490858A1 (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-07 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | Driving method for compensated voltage-programming of amoled displays |
KR20080032072A (ko) | 2005-06-08 | 2008-04-14 | 이그니스 이노베이션 인크. | 발광 디바이스 디스플레이 구동 방법 및 시스템 |
US9269322B2 (en) | 2006-01-09 | 2016-02-23 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | Method and system for driving an active matrix display circuit |
WO2007079572A1 (en) | 2006-01-09 | 2007-07-19 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | Method and system for driving an active matrix display circuit |
US9489891B2 (en) | 2006-01-09 | 2016-11-08 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | Method and system for driving an active matrix display circuit |
EP2200010B1 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2013-07-31 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Current-driven display |
WO2009127065A1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | System and driving method for light emitting device display |
CA2637343A1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2010-01-29 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | Improving the display source driver |
JP5412770B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2014-02-12 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 画素回路の駆動方法、発光装置および電子機器 |
US9370075B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2016-06-14 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | System and method for fast compensation programming of pixels in a display |
US8497828B2 (en) | 2009-11-12 | 2013-07-30 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | Sharing switch TFTS in pixel circuits |
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-
2005
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- 2005-05-11 CN CNB200510070233XA patent/CN100533529C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-16 JP JP2005142340A patent/JP4678234B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-17 CN CN2005100728734A patent/CN1700285B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-17 TW TW094115955A patent/TWI295899B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-05-20 KR KR1020050042340A patent/KR100636261B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2008-09-19 JP JP2008240413A patent/JP4770900B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN1700285A (zh) | 2005-11-23 |
CN1783186A (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
JP2005338819A (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
CN100533529C (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
TW200607378A (en) | 2006-02-16 |
KR100636261B1 (ko) | 2006-10-19 |
US20050258867A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
US20080297441A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
JP2009042776A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
CN1700285B (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
JP4678234B2 (ja) | 2011-04-27 |
US8330679B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
TWI295899B (en) | 2008-04-11 |
KR20060046112A (ko) | 2006-05-17 |
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